Nivel 6 PDF
Nivel 6 PDF
Nivel 6 PDF
1. Vote
2. Power
3. Control
4. Exam results.
5. Same
6. A tag
7. Rules
8. Mature
● Strong obligation:
○ Have to, must, need to, be required to, be obliged to
● Weak obligation:
○ Should, be supposed to
● Lack obligation:
○ don't have to
● Prohibition:
○ cant, mustn't, not allowed to
● Permission:
○ Can
EXERCISE
● You can't smoke anywhere inside the building Prohibition
● The meeting starts at 0900 am. so you must be here before than Strong obligation
● You should read the report before our meeting with Alex tomorrow. Weak obligation
● I'm supposed to go to that meeting at 2:00 PM, but I really don't want to! Weak
obligation
● You need to buy a ticket before boarding Strong obligation
● The dress code is semi-formal, but staff members aren't required to wear ties. Lack
obligation
Education vocabulary
Compulsory - something you must do because it is in the law o a rule.
State School
Private School
Curriculum- temario
Boarding School
Higher Education
1. State School
2. Prívate School
3. Boarding School
4. Compulsory
5. Higher Education
6. Curriculum
7. Lecture- an educational talk to an audience, especially to students in a university or
college
Reference word- pronoun that its replacing a word used before (He, She, etc)
Structure of report
1. Introduction
a. Purpose, explain in simple words what's the topic
2. Results
a. Explain the graphics, statistics.
b. No mencionar números, usar palabras: Highest proporción, one-third, quarter
3. Interpretation
a. What you assume from the results
4. Recommendations
a. Connect the results with the Interpretation and then expose the says to
improve.
Articles
- indefinite articles
- Definite articles
- uncountable / countable articles
The- is used to refer specific or particular noun —> you know which one, you Can use in
plural or singular but in this case you need to make specific ( The girl who lives next door /
the girls who study english with me)
● Do not use the:
○ before names of countries/ territories just If you talk in plural the Netherlands,
The Dominican Republic, the Philippines, the United States
○ Names of cities
○ Names of streets
○ Names of lake and bays: lake Titicaca, Lake Erie except, grupo of lakes you
use The
○ Name of mountains: mount everest, mount Fiji, except with rangos of
mountains like Andes, Sierra Madre, Matterhon
○ Name of continents (Asia, Europe)
○ Names of island (easter island, Maui, key west except with island chains like
canary island)
● Do use the before:
○ Names of rivers, oceans and seas
○ Points on the globe
○ Geographical areas
○ Desert, forest, gulfs and penínsulas
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
Compound adjectives are single adjectives formed from two (or more) words. Many are
joined with a hyphen (-), especially when they come before a noun
Compound adjectives can:
- include numbers, eg. 30 meter-high
- use participles, eg. old-fashioned, well-known
- have multiple parts, eg coming-of age
- combine adjectives and nouns, ea high risk
Do not add an s to compound adjectives with Numbers, (e.g 30-meter- high not 30 meters
high)
Vocabulary
Slow-moving Seven-bedroom
Time-saving Up-to-date
Ice-cold Well-known
Brightly lit Fat- free
Record-breaking Well- behaved
Mouth- watering Two- year
Never- ending Forward- thinking
Middle- age Widely- recognized
Strong-willed Short- haired
Quick- witted Four-year- old
Good- looking Narrow-minded
Thought- provoking Ten-minute
Kind- hearted Long-lasting
Far- reaching Two-hour
World famous Absent-minded
Twelve- storey Old-Fashioned
Last- minute Highly-respected
Full- length Densely-populated
Twenty-page High-spirited
Coming-of-age Five-day
Well-educate
Review
PRIVATE SCHOOL
HIGHER EDUCATION
LECTURE
ENTRANCE EXAM
SCHOLARSHIP
VOCATIONAL
1- required to
2- don't need to
3- should
4- must not
5- are required to
6- aren't allowed to
7- need to
8- cant
1- (-)
2- The
3- the
4- (-)
5- the
6- (-)
7- a
8- (-)
VOCABULARY LESSON 7
Exercise (listening)
Conditionals
0. Real Conditional —> law —> 100%.
(If + Simple present, Simple present)
→ Ejemplo: if I put water to 100°, it boils.
1. 1st Conditional
a. Real situations can happen/ predictions possible in present and future
b. —> 1% not —> 99%
(If + simple present and all presents, + will/ can / may/ might).
You can use Unless —> negative
c. Unless you study, you will pass / you might pass
d. If i have enough money, I’ ll go to Cancún this holiday
e. If it's sunny, we’ ll go to the park
● Past: wish + past perfect (had) + verb in past participle (wish in present but it’s a
situation I haven’t done in the past)
○ I wish I had gone to starbucks before class
○ If only I hadn’t talked to her last night
○ I wish I had had more time to finish my homework
Reading exercise
(5) Boyle uses proceeds from the book to purchase land for the Freeconomy
Community, including the small farm in County Galway, Ireland, where he currently
lives with his partner.
(4) Generating electricity via a solar panel he bought for $360, Boyle spent the next
few years growing his own food and volunteering on a local farm. In 2010, he published
an account of his experience - The Moneyless Man - before returning to the monetary
world in 2011.
(1) The popular documentary series How We Live returns this month, covering a
diverse range of topics from ice fishing in Canada to surfing in Iran. Episode one
focuses on the Irish activist and writer Mark Boyle, best known for establishing the
Freeconomy Community - an online network that encourages its members to share
skills, tools and land for free.
( 6 ) The farm, which houses up to 30 volunteers rent free, is based around the idea of
'paying it forward', a system in which one member helps another with the
understanding that they will go on to help someone else.
( 3 ) Back in 2008, Boyle quit his job with an organic food company and set up home in
a camper he got for free online.
1. Run out of
2. Come up against
3. Come up with
4. cut down on
5. cut down to
6. Catch up with
7. Stand up for
8. Take care of
9. Team up with
10. Keep up with
11. Look up to
12. Get along with
13. Get around to
Is that you
yes it's me
1. Will reach
2. You will call me
3. would you do
4. Will be finish
5. Will not sit
6. Don't work
1. Car
2. Street
3. Food
4. Language
5. Volunteer
UNIT 9
PAST MODALS OF DEDUCTION
Help to change the meaning of the verb (Can, has to /have to, must, could, should, might)
**not use s /ed/ ing = verb and Modals need to be always in the base form
Must/ can/ may/ might/ could + have + past participle
● Can
○ Ability in the present or future / probability
○ Requests in informal way (could formal)
○ To ask or give permission
○ Negative: 90%
○ To express negative assumption (to show you don’t believe that something is
true)
■ Can/ can’t + verb in base form
● Could
○ Polite requests
○ Ability in the past
○ Suggestions
○ Probability
○ Questions in a formal way
○ You can use them as modals for deduction
○ Could in present 60%
○ Could in past 90% (porque era una habilidad)
● May
○ Possibility
○ To ask permission in a formal way (if the person you ask says NO its NO)
○ To give or not permission
○ Positive: 50%
○ Negativo: 50%
● Might
○ Possibility
○ Positive: 50%
○ Negative: 70%
○ You can use in questions, no contractions
● Must (present and future)
○ For obligations that always have a rule behind If you don’t do it you break the
rule
■ The different to have to = necessity not a rule/obligation
■ If you want to say something base in rules but in the past you need to
use had to
○ Necessity in the present or future
○ Positive logical assumption and certainty
■ Positive 90%
○ Suggestions recommendations (very important/strong recommendation)
○ Prohibition (you must not park here)
○ You can use them as modals for deduction
WORD FAMILIES
- myth mythical -
SENSES
● See: Quick action / you open your eyes and you see
● Watch: for longer period of time
● Look: specific purpose / search details
Vocabulary (Crimes)
● Burglary- (when someone illegally enters a building and steals things)
● Bribe- sobornar (to give money or presents to someone so that they will help you)
● Identity theft - robo de identidad (the illegal use of somebody else's name and
personal information to obtain goods, credit cards, etc)
● Robbery - asalto (cara a cara) (the crime of taking money or property illegally by
using threats or violence)
● Assault- physical aggression
● Fraud - fraude (the crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them)
● Blackmailed- chantajear (to make someone give you money or do what you want by
threatening to reveal )
Adjective Clauses
- that - which
- who
Definitions Vocabulary
1. Analysis- a process of studying or examining something in order to understand or
explain it.
2. Researchers- people who study something carefully to discover new information
about it.
3. Theory- one or more ideas that explain how or why something happens.
4. Evidence- facts or signs that make you believe something is true.
5. Data- facts or information used for making calculations or decisions.
● No-positive sentences
● None- To refer to a noun (pronoun) Pronombre / positive sentences
○ My friend has 2 houses, I have none
● Any- negative/ interrogative sentences
VOCABULARY
Vocabulary
● Trend: A gradual development or change in a situation
● Consumer: Someone who buys or uses goods and services
● Ad campaigns- a series of advertisements that share a single idea or theme
● High-profile- frequently seen in public, mentioned in newspaper or appearing on
television
● Endorse: To express support for someone or something especially in public
● Marketing strategies-
● Brand : A product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one
company
● Target market- the group of people that a product or services is directed toward
Review
1-E
2-A
3-C
4-H
5-F
6-B
7-D
8-G
1. We watched a documentary, which was terrible, last
night.
2. Could you pass me the book that is on the table?
3. The first stop on our trip was Ljubljana which is the
capital of Slovenia.
4. My friend just started dating a guy, who I used to work
with.
5. Hey, that's the man who stole my wallet!
1. Correct
2. Which
3. Where
4. That/which
5. Correct
6. Correct
7. Whose
8. That
1. Correct
2. Both
3. Correct
4. Correct
5. Correct
6. Correct
7. Either
8. Much
1. Theory
2. Researchers
3. Analysis
4. Data
5. Evidence
Reported Speech
Reported/ indirect speech
Diana said “I am happy today”
Example do indirect speech
- Diana said (that) she was
happy that day
Ex.
Marty: “We should Watch a movie on Saturday”
Suggest
Reporting verbs: Mary suggested watching a movie on saturday
Reported Speech: Mary suggested that we should watch a movie on saturday
Questions
Simple present: Where is the restaurant?
- Reported: She asked me where the restaurant was.
Simple past: Did she eat some cake yesterday?
- Reported: She asked If (porque no hay question word) she had eaten some cake the
day before.
Simple past: John: Why did you do that?
- Reported: Why had you done that?
Present Perfect: Has he played football in school?
- Reported: She asked If he had played football in the school
Past perfect: What had we needed to study last week?
- Reported: She asked me what they had needed to study the week before.
Will: Where will I go tomorrow after class?
- Reported: John asked where He/She would go the next day after class.
Are they drinking whiskey in this school now?
- Reported: Julia wondered If they were drinking whiskey in that school then.
Vocabulary
● To go Viral
● Campaign
● Trending
● Reach
● Influencers
● Hashtag
● Developed
● Follower
● Competitive challenge
● Long term donations
Vocabulary
online comments
Positive reaction
Key factor
Raise Public Awareness
Wider audience
Substantial donation
Final Review
all, any, each, either, every, little, few, neither, no, none
In the vast expanse of possibilities, there is room for all. _Each_ person carries within them a
unique perspective, shaped by their experiences and beliefs. __No__ two individuals are the
same, for every soul has its own story to tell. Some may possess great knowledge, while
others may have only a little._Few_ can claim to have unraveled the mysteries of the
universe, but that does not diminish the value of those who contribute with their few words.
__Neither__ should we dismiss the significance of the seemingly insignificant, for even the
tiniest actions can create ripples of change. In this world of contradictions, there are no
absolutes. Neither absolute good nor absolute evil. _None__ can claim to hold the ultimate
truth. We are all merely fragments of a greater tapestry, each playing our part in the grand
symphony of life.
Reported Speech
1. The CEO of the company announced, "There has been a great improvement in the
sales figures recently.
A) The CEO of the company announced there has been a great improvement in
the sales figures.
B) The CEO of the company announced that there had been a great
improvement in the sales figures
C) The CEO of the company announced there was great improvement in the
sales figures.
D) The CEO of the company announced that there have been a great
improvement the sales figures
Senses
touch, feel, hear, listen, look, see, watch
As I sat on the sun-kissed beach, my senses came alive. I reached out to _Touch_the soft,
warm sand, letting it slip through my fingers. I could __feel__ the gentle breeze caressing my
face, carrying with it the distant sounds of crashing waves and seagulls' calls. With my eyes
closed, I focused on the thythmic melody of the ocean, truly __listening__ to its soothing
whispers. Opening my eyes, I took in the breathtaking view before me - a vast expanse of
azure waters stretching into the horizon. I marveled at the vibrant colors of the sunset, as the
sky transformed into a canvas of fiery oranges and purples. With wonder, I __watched__as
the sun dipped below the horizon, bidding farewell to another day.
I have a brand of casual clothing such as sweatshirts, oversize t-shirts, etc. It is for all types
of consumers. We want it to become popular. The objective of this brand is to support street
dogs. We are looking for influencers to endorse our clothing and to help us with ad
campaigns to get our hashtag on trending topics and support our brand. To raise awareness
of the care of these animals.