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    Imperatives - Direct and Indirect Speech

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    INAYATI FITRIYAH ASRIMAWATI

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Imperatives - Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    INAYATI FITRIYAH ASRIMAWATI
    18 views16 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views16 pages

    Imperatives - Direct and Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    INAYATI FITRIYAH ASRIMAWATI

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    IMPERATIVES

    Here starts
    the lesson!
    LOOK AT THESE SENTENCES!

    1. Preheat the oven.


    2. Don't eat all the cookies.
    3. Stop feeding the dog from the table.
    4. Wear your gold necklace with that
    dress.
    5. Please join us for dinner.
    6. Open the door for me, will you?
    01
    USAGE
    02
    FORM
    1. The imperative is formed 3. We can add “you” when
    exactly like the infinitive describing on how to do
    without to (no subject) something
    A: Tell me how to cook
    (You) Take two cans of spaghetti.
    beans B: Well, you boil some water
    and then you add your
    spaghetti
    2. Negative imperative
    (don’t+inf. without to)
    4. Need (to) and have to
    Don’t forget your (can’t be used without you)
    appointment tonight First, you need to buy
    some real Italian
    olive oil
    1. Positive Imperative + tag
    Tag questions questions (requests)
    Open the door for me, will
    you?
    ➔ Similar to saying
    Buy the cake for us, won’t
    “please” in
    you?
    requests
    ➔ Add emphasis in
    reminders, advices,
    and warnings 2. Negative imperative + tag
    questions
    Don’t forget your
    appointment, will you?
    Direct and Indirect
    speech
    Here starts
    the lesson!
    Look at these sentences!
    He said, “She goes to campus”

    He said that she went to campus


    Direct speech

    To report someone’s exact words


    (repeating the words spoken)

    Examples:

    1. She said, “I’m afraid I don’t


    know him”

    2. “I’m afraid I don’t know


    him”, she said
    Indirect speech

    To report general meaning of


    what someone said

    e.g: She said that she didn’t


    know him.

    That can be omitted = she said


    she didn’t know him
    What to know
    Reporting speech: The first part in the direct speech

    Reported speech: The second part of the sentence, which is closed in


    inverted commas or quotation marks

    Reporting Verb: The verb of the reporting speech

    Reported Verb: The verb of the reported speech

    He says (reporting speech), “I am ill.” (reported speech)


    Basic rules
    If the reporting speech is in present tense or future tense,
    then no change is required to be made in the verb of reported
    speech. This verb could be in any tense i.e., present, past,
    or future. For examples:
    • Direct Speech: He says, “I am ill.” → Indirect Speech: He
    says that he is ill.
    • Direct Speech: She says, “She sang a song.” → Indirect
    Speech: She says that she sang a song.
    • Direct Speech: You say, “I shall visit London. → ” Indirect
    Speech: You say that you will visit London.
    Basic rules
    Try this!
    Identify whether the following sentences are in direct or
    indirect speech:
    1. “Jenna meets her friend every afternoon,” she said.
    2. Sarah exclaimed that she was so excited about her upcoming
    vacation.
    3. "Please don't forget to bring the milk," said Emily.
    4. Emily reminded me to bring the milk.
    5. She asked him, “Why did you come late yesterday?”
    6. Tom admitted his difficulty in solving the problem.
    7. "What a beautiful sunset!" marvelled David.
    8. David marvelled at the beauty of the sunset.
    9. "I'm so sorry for breaking your vase," said Jessica.
    10. She warned me to not sit on that chair.

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