Lesson

8 Common verbs; Conditionals

A Modal verbs will and shall

Requests and offers 2 We use shall:
to offer to do something;
Will you close the window, please?
Shall I help you?
Shall I carry your bag?
to make a suggestion.
1 In Lesson 7 we saw how we use will to talk about the Shall we play tennis?
future. We can also use will: 3 Will and shall are modal verbs so the third person
to make a request; singular does not take -s, and we do not use do/
Will you help me? does to form the negative or questions.
to offer to do something. 4 We only use shall in questions and only with I or we.
Come on, I’ll buy you a coffee.

B make, do and get

make do 3 The verb get in English has various different
meanings as follows:
The children are making a Did you do the washing-up?
lot of noise. receive;
Did you get any good presents for your
I made a mistake in my I usually do yoga on
homework. Tuesdays. birthday?
take/bring/buy/obtain;
1 We use make and do in English with different Please get me some milk at the shops.
meanings. Generally we use make to mean create or Can you get me an apple from the kitchen?
produce something and we use do to talk about get + adjective = become;
carrying out an job or activity. John got really stressed about his exams.
I made a cake. I did the shopping. get (to) = arrive;
2 There are also fixed expressions which use make or We got to the station just in time.
do, which you need to learn. For example, get + past participle = reflexive action.
do a drawing/painting, do nothing/something, Hurry up and get dressed!
make a mistake, make friends, make a decision,
make an excuse, make a phone call.

C Zero and First conditionals

Zero conditional First conditional
Condition Result/Consequence Condition Result/Consequence
If/When + Present + Present simple If/When + Present + will/won’t + base form
simple simple of verb
If I go to bed early, I feel better in the morning. If I go out tonight, I’ll miss that TV programme.
If I don’t eat breakfast, I get very hungry. If you don’t eat something, you’ll feel hungry later.
When it’s sunny, everyone feels cheerful. If it’s sunny tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
If it doesn’t rain, the plants dry up. If it doesn’t rain soon, there won’t be enough water.

1 We use the Zero conditional to talk about things that 1 We use the First conditional to talk about a possible
are generally true. future situation and its consequences.
2 The clause which expresses the condition begins 2 The clause which expresses the condition begins
with if or when and is followed by a comma. If the with if or when and is followed by a comma. If the
sentence order is reversed, there is no comma. sentence order is reversed, there is no comma.
If I don’t eat breakfast, I get very hungry. If I go out tonight, I’ll miss that TV programme.
I get very hungry if I don’t eat breakfast. I’ll miss that TV programme if I go out tonight.
3 We can use unless instead of if not.
You won’t pass your exams unless you study.
(= if you don’t study.)
Unlike Italian, in English we don’t use will/won’t
after if.
If it’s sunny tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
NOT If it will be sunny…

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 Lesson

8
A Modal verbs will and shall
1 Use the words to write a request or offer 2 Complete the offers or suggestions using
with will. shall and a verb from the box.
1 / you / take these books back to the library? go out watch help get open
Will you take these books back to the library? 1 A It’s very hot in here.
2 / cook dinner for you tonight, if you like. Shall I open
B the window?
2 A I’m thirsty.
3 If you need some money, / lend you some.
B you a drink?
3 A There’s nothing on TV.
4 / you / call me when you get there?
B a DVD?
4 A There’s nothing to eat in the house.
5 A Do you fancy the cinema tomorrow?
B for a pizza?
B I’m not sure.
5 A This homework’s really hard.
A OK. / you / let me know?
B you with it?

B make, do and get

3 Translate the sentences into English in your 4 Rewrite the sentences using the correct form
exercise book. Use make or do. of get.
1 È importante fare una buona impressione a un 1 I received a new mobile for Christmas.
colloquio. I got a new mobile for Christmas.
It’s important to make a good impression at 2 My dad becomes angry if I stay out late.
an interview. 3 We need to buy a new anti-virus programme for
2 A Che cosa fai stasera? the computer.
B Niente. 4 The train arrives at the station at midday.
3 Mia mamma fa la pizza migliore! 5 John married Carmel last summer.
4 Hai già preso una decisione sul tuo futuro, o ci 6 I think I’ll go home soon. I’m becoming tired.
stai ancora pensando? 7 Veronica bought me a lovely present for my
5 Chris fa molto sport nella sua scuola. birthday.
6 Posso usare il tuo cellulare? Devo fare una 8 I’m very busy at work these days. I’m not
chiamata. arriving home until 10 p.m. most evenings.

C Zero and First conditionals

5 Complete the Zero conditional sentences 6 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–6)
with the words in the box and a suitable to the endings (a–f).
verb. 1 h What will you say
yes the newspaper organic school late 2 If it rains tomorrow,
TV the beach sad too much coffee 3 If I get the job,
1 If I go to work by train, I always read the 4 I won’t give you any advice
newspaper. 5 If the weather improves,
2 When the weather’s good, everyone 6 If she goes by bicycle,
. 7 I’ll go
3 If I , I can’t sleep. 8 If she passes the exam,
4 People often mean no when they
a she’ll get there quicker.
.
b we’ll go fishing.
5 If he doesn’t leave the house before 8.30, he
c unless you ask me to.
.
d if you go too.
6 They usually when they don’t
e I’ll buy a car.
have any homework.
f we won’t be able to play tennis.
7 Julie only eats meat if it .
g she’ll be delighted.
8 When you see an animal suffering,
? h if he asks you to go out?

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