YAB1063

1. a. Using dimensional equations, convert:

i. 7.65 years kg/ km to milliseconds lbm/ ft.

[3 marks]

ii. 263 m4 / day kg to cm4 / min g.

[3 marks]

iii. 2.57 x 104 kJ / min to hp.

[4 marks]

b. A 15.00 wt% aqueous sulfuric acid solution (ρ = 1.03 g/mL) flows through a
55.0 m long pipe with a 8.00 cm diameter at a rate of 67.0 L/min.
(MW H2SO4 = 98.08 g/mol).

i. Calculate the molarity of sulfuric acid in the solution.

[3 marks]

ii. Determine the time taken to fill a 48.0-gallon drum.

[3 marks]

iii. Calculate the amount of sulfuric acid in lbm the drum would contain.
[4 marks]

2. A solution flowing at 2.50 x 103 kg/h contains one-third K2SO4 by mass is joined by

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a recycle stream containing 36.4% K2SO4 and the combined stream is fed into an

evaporator. The concentrated stream leaving the evaporator contains 49.4%

K2SO4. This stream is fed into a crystallizer in which it is cooled (causing crystals

of K2SO4 to come out of solution) and then filtered. The filter cake consists of

K2SO4 crystals and a solution that contains 36.4% K 2SO4 by mass; the crystals

account for 95.0% of the total mass of the filter cake. The solution passes through
the filter, also 36.4% K2SO4, is the recycle stream.

a. Draw the block diagram for the whole process with the necessary labels and
the mass balances.
[4 marks]

b. Calculate the rate of production of crystalline K2SO4.

[4 marks]

c. Determine the rate of evaporation.

[4 marks]

d. Calculate the feed rates that enter the evaporator and crystallizer.
[6 Marks]

e. Calculate the (mass of recycle)/(mass of fresh feed) ratio.

[2 Marks]

3. A mixture of 70 mol% propane and 30 mol% hydrogen is burnt with 150% excess
air. Fractional conversions of 90% of the propane and 65% of the hydrogen are
achieved. A block diagram of the process is shown below.

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a. Calculate the moles of air fed to the combustion chamber (n 0 ¿.

[6 marks]

b. Calculate the moles of unreacted propane (n1 ¿ and hydrogen (n2 ¿.

[4 marks]

c. Determine the rest of the mole composition in the stack gas leaving the
combustion chamber (n3 −n6 ¿.
[8 marks]

d. Determine the total moles in the stack gas leaving the combustion chamber.
[2 marks]

4. Fresh apple jam contains 35.0 wt% solids and the balance is water. Whereas,
concentrated apple jam contains 50.0 wt% solids. Initially a single evaporation
process was used for the concentration, but volatile constituents of the jam

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escaped with the water, leaving the concentrate with a flat taste. The current
process overcomes this problem by bypassing the evaporator with a fraction of the
fresh apple jam. The jam that enters the evaporator is concentrated to 70.0 wt%
solids, and the evaporator product stream is mixed with the bypassed fresh jam to
achieve the desired final concentration.

a. Draw a block diagram for the whole process with the necessary labels.
[6 marks]

b. Perform the degree-of-freedom analysis for the overall system, the

evaporator, the bypass point and mixing point.
[4 marks]

c. Calculate the amount of product (50.0% concentrate) produced per 100 kg

fresh apple jam fed to the process.
[8 marks]

d. Determine the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator.

[2 marks]

5. Carbon monoxide at 25°C and steam at 150°C are fed to a continuous water-gas
shift reactor. The product gas, which contains 40 mol% H 2, 40 mol% CO2, and the

balance H2O (v), emerges at 500°C at a rate of 111.6 mol/h and goes to a

condenser. The gas and liquid streams leaving the condenser are in equilibrium at

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15°C and 1 atm. The liquid may be taken to be pure water (no dissolved gases). A
flow chart of the process is shown below.

TABLE Q5: Antoine’s equation constants

Compound A B C
Water 8.10765 1750.286 235.000
¿ B
log 10 p ( mm Hg )= A−
T +C

Additional information:
Δ Ĥ H ( 15o C , g )=−0.432 kJ /mol
o
Δ Ĥ f CO 2 ( g )=−393.50 kJ /mol 2

Δ Ĥ H O ( 500 C , v ) =3488 kJ / kg
o
Δ Ĥ f CO ( g ) =−110.52 kJ /mol 2
o

Δ Ĥ H O ( 15 o C , v )=2529 kJ /kg
o
Δ Ĥ f H 2 O ( g )=−241.83 kJ /mol 2

Δ Ĥ co ( 500 C , g )=21.34 kJ / mol

2
o
Δ Ĥ H O ( 15 o C ,l ) =62.9 kJ /kg
2

Δ Ĥ H ( 500o C , g )=13.83 kJ /mol

2
Δ Ĥ H O ( 500o C , v ) =17.01 kJ /mol
2

Δ Ĥ co ( 15o C , g )=−0.552 kJ /mol

2
Δ Ĥ H O ( 150o C , v ) =4.27 kJ / mol
2

a. Calculate the percent excess steam fed to the reactor.

[4 marks]

b. Calculate the rate of condensation of the water (kg/h).

[4 marks]

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c. Calculate the rate (kW) at which heat must be transferred from the condenser.
[6 marks]

d. Taking atomic species at 25°C as references, prepare and fill in an

inlet–outlet enthalpy table and calculate the required rate of heat transfer (kW)
to or from the reactor.
[6 marks]

-END OF PAPER-

APPENDIX I
Conversion factor

Quantity Equivalent Values

Mass 1 kg =1000 g = 0.001 metric ton =2.20462 Ibm= 35.27392oz

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1 Ibm = 16 oz = 5×10-4 ton= 453.593 g = 0.453593 kg

Length 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 106 microns (µm) = 1010 angstroms (Å)

= 39.37 in = 3.2808 ft = 1.0936 yd = 0.0006214 mile
1 ft = 12 in = 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm

Volume 1 m3 = 1000 L = 106 cm3 = 106 mL

= 35.3145 ft3 = 220.83 imperial gallons = 264.17 gal = 1056.68 qt
1 ft3 = 1728 in3 = 7.4805 gal = 0.028317 m3 = 28.317 L = 28,317 cm3

Force 1 N = 1 kg.m/s2 = 105 dynes = 105 g.cm/s2 = 0.22481 Ibf

1 Ibf = 32.174 Ibm.ft/s2 = 4.4482 N = 4.4482 × 105 dynes

Pressure 1 atm = 1.01325×105 N/m2 (Pa) = 101.325 kPa = 1.0325 bar

= 1.01325 × 106 dynes/cm2 = 760 mmHg at 0oC (torr)
= 10.333 m H2O at 4oC

= 14.696 Ibf/in2 (psi) = 33.9 ft H2O at 4oC = 29.921 in Hg at 0oC

Energy 1 J = 1 N.m = 107 ergs = 107 dyne.cm = 2.778 × 10-7 kW.h = 0.23901 cal
0.7376 ft.Ibf = 9.486 × 10-4 Btu

Power 1 W = 1 J/s = 0.23901 cal/s = 0.7376 ft.lbf/s = 9.486× 10-4 Btu/s

= 1.341×10-3 hp

APPENDIX II
Gas Contant, R

8.314 m3.Pa (mol.K)

0.08314 L.bar/(mol.K)

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0.08206 L.atm/(mol.K)
62.36 L.mm Hg/(mol.K)

0.7302 ft3.atm/(lb-mole.oR)

10.73 ft3.psia/(lb-mole.oR)
8.314 J/(mol.K)
1.987 cal/(mol.K)

1.987 Btu/(lb-mole.oR)

T(K) = T(oC) + 273.15

T(oR) = T(oF) + 459.67

T(oR) = 1.8T(K)

T(oF) = 1.8T(oC) + 32