MCKLN - 2022 - Paper 1 - SQ+ANS

F.
6 FIRST EXAMINATION
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
Section Question No. Marks (mean)

A 1 – 36 20.8 / 36
1 4.7 / 7
2 2.6 / 6
3 3.3 / 8
4 4.7 / 9
5 4.3 / 6
6 3.6 / 5
B 7 2.9 / 5
8 6.3 / 10
9 3.6 / 6
10 4.6 / 7
11 4.1 / 7
12 1.6 / 3
13 2.8 / 5
TOTAL 67.3 /120
56.1%
Paper 1: Max : 108/120
PART I
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1. The electronic arrangements of some elements are shown below:

Element Electronic arrangement
P 1
Q 2, 8, 3
R 2, 6
S 2, 8, 7
(a) Which of the above elements has the highest electronegativity value?
(1 mark)
(b) Draw the electron diagram of the compound formed between Q and R, showing electrons
in the outermost shells only.
(1 mark)
(c) Draw the three-dimensional structure of the molecule formed between P and R.
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(1 mark)
(d) Explain whether the molecule in (c) is polar or not.
(2 marks)
(e) Compare the boiling point for the substances formed in (b) and (c). Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
Question 1- MW1 ,MW2 7
(a) R 1
(b) 1
(c) 1
(d) P2R is a polar molecule. 1

The shape is V-shaped, the polarity of the two polar R-P bonds cannot 1
cancel out each other.
Not accepted: the electronegativities/polar bonds cannot be cancel out
(e) Boiling point of (b) > (c). 1
More energy is needed to break the strong ionic bonds in (b) than the 1
weak van der Waals’ force/ hydrogen bonds in (c).
S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.2

2. The diagram below shows three iron metals of the same size and shape, each immersed in a liquid.
A few drops of rust indicator, K3Fe(CN)6 (aq) is added to the three test tubes.
H2O(l) and Zn(NO3)2(aq) and AgNO3(aq) and

a few drops of a few drops of a few drops of
K3Fe(CN)6 (aq) K3Fe(CN)6 (aq) K3Fe(CN)6 (aq)
iron
iron iron
P Q R
(a) State two essential conditions for rusting of iron.(1 mark)

(b) Why should the iron pieces be polished before the experiment? (1 mark)
Not accepted: rust

(c) Explain how a rust indicator detects iron rust.(1 mark)

(d) Arrange the rate of rusting of iron in ascending order of P, Q and R. Explain why. (3 marks)
Question 2 Metals (Modified by HKDSE2014 MCQ3) 6

(a) Oxygen and water 1
(b) To remove any oxide layer on the surface of the iron pieces. 1
(c) As iron rusts, it forms Fe2+(aq) ions. 1
The rust indicator is a sensitive test for Fe2+(aq) ions (forming a blue colour) so it
could easily detect iron rust.
(d) • P<Q<R 1
• Iron is more reactive than silver. So iron loses electron more readily to form Fe2+ 1
and rust fastest in R. 1
• Iron corrodes faster in the presence of mobile ion, Zn(NO3)2 in Q than just placed
in water only.


HKDSE 2014/Q3/03 Metals/A/19%



3. A student used the set-up shown below to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of lead.
Town gas (mainly contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen) was passed over the oxide. The oxide
was reduced to lead in the experiment. Heating was stopped after some time. Town gas was still
passed through while the combustion tube cooled down. The following results were obtained.
Mass of combustion tube = 26.91 g

Mass of combustion tube and contents before heating = 28.98 g
Mass of combustion tube and contents after heating = 28.70 g
(a) Explain why it is necessary to burn away any excess town gas?

(1 mark)
(b) Deduce the empirical formula of the oxide of lead.

(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Pb = 207.2)
(2 marks)
(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved in the experiment.
(1 mark)
(d) Explain why it is necessary to continue passing town gas over the lead formed while it cooled.
(1 mark)
(e) State ONE common use of lead.
(1 mark)
(f) Briefly describe how to compare the reactivity of copper and lead.
(2 marks)

Question 3- metals 8
(a) Town gas is flammable (due to hydrogen). 1
Note :
Town gas is toxic (due to carbon monoxide)
(b) Mass of lead in the oxide = (28.70 – 26.91) g = 1.79 g
Mass of oxygen in the oxide = (28.98 – 28.70) g = 0.28 g
Pb O
1.79 g 0.28 g
Number of moles of = =
207.2 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1
atoms that combine 0.00864 mol 0.0175 mol
0.00864 mol 0.0175 mol
1
Mole ratio of atoms =1 =2
0.00864 mol 0.00864 mol
∴ the empirical formula of the lead oxide is PbO2.
1
(c) PbO2(s) + 2CO(g) Pb(s) + 2CO2(g) 1

Or
PbO2(s) + 2H2(g) Pb(s) + 2H2O(l)
(d) This is to prevent the hot lead formed from reacting with oxygen again. 1
(e) Making solder / lead-acid accumulator 1
(f) Dip a piece of lead in a solution of copper (II) nitrate 1
Brown solid deposits, showing that lead is more reactive than Cu. 1


4. Potassium hydrogenphthalate (KHP) can be used as a primary standard in acid-base titrations. The
structure of KHP is shown below:
(a) What is the meaning of the term ‘primary standard’?
(1 mark)

(b) Write the empirical formula of KHP.
(1 mark)
(c) Suggest one property of KHP that makes it suitable for using as a primary standard.
(1 mark)
(d) KHP can be used to standardize sodium hydroxide solution. In an experiment, 2.84 g of KHP
is dissolved in distilled water and made up to a 250.0 cm3 solution. 25.0 cm3 of this solution
requires 28.15 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution for complete reaction.
(i) Suggest a suitable indicator for the titration and state its colour change at the end
point.

(ii) Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution.
(Formula mass of KHP = 204.1)
(iii) Suggest how the errors of the experiment can be minimized.
(6 marks)
Question 4- acids and bases [9]

(a) A primary standard is a substance which can be used to prepare a standard solution 1
directly.
(b) KC8H5O4 1
(c) It is readily available in high purity / chemically stable / does not absorb water vapour 1

from the atmosphere.

(d) (i) Phenolphthalein 1
From colourless to very pale pink 1
(ii) KC8H5O4 + NaOH → NaKC8H4O4 + H2O
Number of moles of KHP in 250.0 cm3 solution
2.84 g 1
= −1
= 0.0139 mol
204.1 g mol
Number of moles of NaOH reacted with 25.0 cm3 of KHP solution 1
25.0
= 0.0139 mol × = 0.00139 mol
250.0
0.00139 mol 1
Concentration of NaOH(aq) = 28.15 = 0.0494 mol dm−3
dm3
1000
(iii) Repeat the titration several times to obtain a reasonable average volume of 1
NaOH(aq) required.

5. Cracking produces smaller hydrocarbons from larger hydrocarbons. In an experiment, dodecane
(C12H26) is subjected to catalytic cracking. The diagram below shows an incomplete set-up for
cracking:

substance P
glass wool soaked

with dodecane
(a) (i) Suggest what substance P is.
(ii) Add suitable drawing and labels to the above diagram to show how the gaseous
products obtained from cracking can be collected.
(3 marks)
(b) The cracking of dodecane produces octane and an alkene, which has the molecular formula
C4H8.
(i) Isomers exist in C4H8. Write the systematic name of ONE straight-chain alkene with the
molecular formula C4H8.
(ii) Can isomers of alkenes be distinguished by using acidified potassium permanganate
solution? Explain your answer.

(2 marks)
(c) State one importance of cracking in industry.
(1 mark)

Question 5- Fossil Fuels 6

(a) (i) Broken pieces of unglazed porcelain / broken pieces of porous pot / pumice stones / 1
aluminium oxide
(ii) substance P
inverted test tube
glass wool soaked heat gaseous

with dodecane
product
rubber tubing
1
delivery tube water 1
Correct drawing to show the collection of gaseous products
Correct labelling the apparatus used
(b) (i) But-1-ene or But-2-ene 1
(ii) No. Both but-1-ene and but-2-ene can decolourize acidified potassium permanganate 1
solution.
(c) Cracking can produce extra petrol from heavy fractions / produce alkenes from large 1
hydrocarbons to make useful materials such as plastics. (Accept other reasonable
answers)

6. * Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali while ammonia is a weak alkali. Explain why ammonia is
regarded as weak alkali. Suggest how you would show that NaOH(aq) is a stronger alkali than
NH₃(aq) through an experiment.
Marker’s C
Use Only
(5 marks)
HKDSE2015 Q5



7. A student carried out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of the reaction of sodium
hydrogencarbonate with excess dilute ethanoic acid. The chemical equation is shown below.
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(aq)  CH3COONa(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (l)

In the experiment, the temperature of 50.0 cm3 of dilute ethanoic acid in a polystyrene cup was
measured at 1-minute intervals. At the second minute, 4.2 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate powder
was added to the cup and the temperature of the reaction mixture was taken every minute for an
additional eight minutes. The results obtained were plotted on a graph as shown below.
Temperature /oC

Time/ min
(a) From the graph, estimate the greatest temperature drop of the solution in the cup.
(1 mark)

(b) Determine the enthalpy change of the reaction. (Assume that the specific heat capacity and
density of the reaction mixture are the same as those of water, i.e. 4.2 J g-1K-1and 1.0 g cm-3
respectively. Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0)
(3 marks)
(c) The one determined above is not the standard enthalpy change of neutralisation. What,
then, is meant by the term ‘standard enthalpy change of neutralisation’?
(1 mark)
Question 7 – Chemical Reaction and energy 5

(a)

From the graph, the maximum temperature change

= (21.2 -16.0)oC = 5.2oC
(ii) No. of moles of NaHCO3 used = 1
4.2 g (23.0 + 1.0 + 12.0 + 16.0 × 3) g mol-1 = 0.050 mol
Heat absorbed= 50.0 cm3× 1.0 g cm-3× 4.2 J g-1 K-1× 5.2K = 1092J 1
Heat absorbed per mole of NaHCO3 used = 1092 J× 0.050 mol = 21.8 kJ mol-1 1
∴enthalpy change of the reaction was +21.8kJ mol-1.
(b) HKDSE2019Q8 1
Standard enthalpy change of neutralization is the enthalpy change when one mole of
water is produced from the neutralization between an acid and an alkali under
standard conditions.
Note: The reaction involved is not a neutralization reaction as carbon dioxide is
produced as well.

8. A student used a chromium can, a carbon rod and chlorine bleach to make a chemical cell. The
diagram below shows the set-up of the cell connected to a digital multimeter.
When the cell is producing a current, the chromium can undergoes oxidation to give
hexahydroxochromate(III) ions, [Cr(OH)6]3−, while at the carbon rod, hypochlorite ions (OCl−) in
chlorine bleach undergo reduction in the presence of water to give chloride ions and hydroxide ions.
(a) What is the oxidation number of chlorine in OCl− ion?

(1 mark)

(b) Given that the chlorine bleach is alkaline, write ionic equations for
(i) the oxidation of the chromium metal, and
(ii) the reduction of the hypochlorite ions.
(2 marks)
(c) Identify the direction of electron flow in the external circuit.
(1 mark)
(d) What is the cathode of the chemical cell?
(1 mark)
(e) The student noticed that the current produced by the cell increases with the concentration of
hypochlorite ions in the bleach. Suggest an explanation for the phenomenon.
(1 mark)
(f) The student carried out an experiment using the chlorine bleach as shown below.

(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine bleach and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
(1 mark)
(ii) State one observable change that would occur on the filter paper.
(1 mark)
(iii) Explain whether the change on the filter paper would involve a redox reaction.

(2 marks)
END OF PART I

Question 8 – Redox Reactions OCl- 10

(a) +1 1
(b) (i) Cr(s) + 6OH-(aq) → [Cr(OH)6]3-(aq) + 3e- 1
(ii) OCl-(aq) + H2O(l) +2e- → Cl-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 1
(c) From the chromium can to the carbon rod 1
(d) Carbon rod 1

(e) The electrical conductivity increases as there will be more mobile ions. 1
(f) (i) NaOCl(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → Cl2(g) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 1
(ii) The filter paper turns brown. 1
(iii) The change involves a redox reaction. 1
The chlorine gas evolved is reduced to Cl- ions/ O.N. of Cl decreases from 0 to 1
I- ion is oxidized to brown iodine./ O.N. of I increases from -1 to 0.


PART II
9. The rate of the reaction between limestone (calcium carbonate) and hydrochloric acid was studied
by measuring the change of mass of the reaction system at different time intervals using an
electronic balance. In the reaction, 120 cm3 hydrochloric acid was added to limestone which was
known to be in excess. The experimental set-up is shown below:
The graph below shows the variation of the mass measured with time during the experiment.

(a) Suggest one use of cotton wool in the above set-up.
(1 mark)
(b) The initial rate of the reaction can be determined by the suitable sketch on the above graph.
Draw a suitable sketch on the above graph and describe how the initial rate of the reaction
can be obtained from the sketch.
(2 marks)
(c) From the given information, calculate the initial molarity of hydrochloric acid.

(2 marks)
(d) The experiment is repeated using hydrochloric acid at a higher temperature but other
conditions remain unchanged. Another set of data has been collected. Sketch a curve to
represent the data on the graph above.
(1 mark)


Part II
Question 9 – Rate of reaction 6
(a) To prevent the escape of water vapour (which comes out with the gas) during the 1
reaction./ To prevent splashing of acid.
(b) (On the graph) Plot a tangent (a straight line) at time = 0 on the curve. 1
The initial rate equals to the slope of the tangent / straight line. 1
[HKDSE 2018]
(c) 150.00 – 146.30 = 3.70 g of CO2 was liberated during the reaction.
No. of moles of CO2 liberated
= 3.70 / (12.0 + 2 × 16.0) = 0.084 mol 1
No. of moles of HCl in 120 cm3 of the solution = 0.084 × 2 = 0.168 mol
Molarity = 0.168/0.12 = 1.40 M 1
(d) 1


10. Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) is added to some beverages as preservative. The chemical equation for
ionization of benzoic acid in water is shown below:
C6H5COOH(aq) ⇌ C6H5COO−(aq) + H+(aq)
At 25°C, the equilibrium constant (Kc) of the above equation is 6.25 × 10−5 mol dm−3.
(a) State ONE characteristics of dynamic equilibrium.
(1 mark)
(b) Explain whether ethanoic acid or benzoic acid is a stronger acid.

(Given that the equilibrium constant of ionization of ethanoic acid in water is
1.75 × 10−5 mol dm−3 at 25°C)
(1 mark)
(c) A beverage sample contains 2.0 mol dm−3 benzoic acid. Assume that the other substances
in the sample are neutral

(i) Calculate the pH of the beverage sample.
(3 marks)
(ii) The pH of the beverage sample becomes 3.5 after an acidic ingredient is added. How
will it affect the degree of ionization of the benzoic acid added? Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
Question 10 – chemical equilibrium 7

(a) Any ONE of the following: At dynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of both 1
reactants and products remain unchanged.
- At dynamic equilibrium, the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of
backward reaction and not zero.
- Dynamic equilibrium can be reached from either the forward or the backward
direction of the reversible reaction.
- Dynamic equilibrium can only be established in a closed system.
(b) Benzoic acid is a stronger acid. This is because the equilibrium constant of 1
ionization of benzoic acid in water is larger than that of ethanoic acid and it has a
higher degree of ionization.
(c) (i) Let x mol dm−3 be the change in concentration of H+(aq).
Concentration
C6H5COOH(aq) C6H5COO−(aq) + H+(aq)
(mol dm−3)
Initial 2.0 0 0
Change −x +x +x 1
Equilibrium 2.0 − x x x
[C6 H 5COO − (aq)]eqm [H + (aq)]eqm
Kc =
[C6 H 5COOH(aq)]eqm

x2 1
6.25 × 10−5 = x = 0.01115 or x = −0.01121 (rejected) 1
2.0 − x
∴ [H+(aq)]eqm = 0.01115 mol dm−3
pH = −log[H+(aq)] = −log (0.01115) = 1.95
(ii) The additional H+(aq) ions from the acidic ingredient causes the equilibrium position 1
to shift to the left.
Hence, the degree of ionization of benzoic acid added to the beverage sample 1
decreases.


11. Consider the following conversions:
O
1. NaOH (aq),
reflux H2SO4(aq)
O acyclic
compound A O
2. H+ (aq) reflux
O n
Compound X Polymer B
(a) Name the functional group in compound X.
(1 mark)
(b) There are two enantiomers of compound X. One of the enantiomeric structures is shown
above. Draw another enantiomeric structure of compound X and mark the chiral carbon
with an asterisk (*).

(1 mark)
(c) (i) Name the process that compound X is converted to compound A.
(ii) Draw the structure of compound A.
(iii) Explain why compound A is soluble in water.
(4 marks)
(d) Explain whether polymer B is a condensation polymer or addition polymer.
(1 mark)
Question 11 – Carbon compounds 7

(a) Ester group 1
(b) O 1
O
*
I (i) Alkaline hydrolysis 1

(ii) 1
OH
HO
O
(iii) Compound A has a short carbon chain. (Compound A has small molecular size) 1
It contains hydroxyl and carboxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with 1
water.
(d) Condensation polymer as small molecule (H2O) is eliminated during the 1
polymerization.

12 Outline a synthetic route, with no more than three steps, to accomplish the following conversion.
. For each step, give the reagent(s), reaction conditions (as appropriate) and the structure of the
organic product.
Question 12 – Chemistry of carbon compounds

A C
B
A: H2/Pt
B:
C: conc. H2SO4, heat
(3 marks)

13 * Describe the electrical conductivity of solid aluminium oxide and its acid-base behavior
.
with the aid of relevant reactions.
(5 marks)
Question 13 – Patterns 5
• Al2O3 cannot conduct electricity in solid state as there are no mobile ions 1
But Al2O3 conduct electricity in aqueous state as ions become mobile.
• Al2O3 is insoluble in water. 1
• It reacts with HCl to give AlCl3 and H2O
• Al2O3 +6HCl  2AlCl3 +3H2O 1
• It reacts with NaOH to give NaAl(OH)4
• Al2O3 +2NaOH +2H2O  2NaAl(OH)4 1
Communication 1
END OF PART II

END OF SECTION B

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM FIRST EXAM1B-P.29

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F.

Section Question No. Marks (mean)

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. The electronic arrangements of some elements are shown below:

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(d) Explain whether the molecule in (c) is polar or not.

(d) P2R is a polar molecule. 1

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.2

H2O(l) and Zn(NO3)2(aq) and AgNO3(aq) and

(a) State two essential conditions for rusting of iron.(1 mark)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(c) Explain how a rust indicator detects iron rust.(1 mark)

Question 2 Metals (Modified by HKDSE2014 MCQ3) 6

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.3

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.4

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.5

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.6

Mass of combustion tube = 26.91 g

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b) Deduce the empirical formula of the oxide of lead.

(e) State ONE common use of lead.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.7

(c) PbO2(s) + 2CO(g) Pb(s) + 2CO2(g) 1

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.8

(a) What is the meaning of the term ‘primary standard’?

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(b) Write the empirical formula of KHP.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.9

(iii) Suggest how the errors of the experiment can be minimized.

Question 4- acids and bases [9]

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

from the atmosphere.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.10

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

glass wool soaked

(a) (i) Suggest what substance P is.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.11

(c) State one importance of cracking in industry.

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Question 5- Fossil Fuels 6

glass wool soaked heat gaseous

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.12

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.13

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.14

NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(aq)  CH3COONa(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (l)

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.15

Question 7 – Chemical Reaction and energy 5

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

From the graph, the maximum temperature change

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.16

(a) What is the oxidation number of chlorine in OCl− ion?

Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(ii) the reduction of the hypochlorite ions.

(c) Identify the direction of electron flow in the external circuit.

S6-2022-23-DSE-CHEM F.6 FIRST EXAM1B/LKYH/P.17