[R2] B.P.

Lathi and Zhi Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 4th Edition, Oxford
University Press.

4.3.5 SYLLABI OF PROGRAM CORE COURSES : V SEMESTER

Course No. Title of the Course Credits Course Pre-Requisite
Structure
ECECC14 Digital Communication 4 L-T-P ECECC13
3-0-2

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO)

Aftercompleting the course, the students should be able to:
CO1: Design and evaluate a decision-making processor to extract estimates of parameter of interest.
CO2: Understand the concepts of digital modulation techniques and evaluate their probability of error and
bandwidth efficiency.
CO3: Understand the concepts of spread spectrum modulation.
CO4: Understand information-theoretic concepts.
Unit Nos. Topics

Unit 1 Model of Digital Communication System, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization, Geometric

Representation of Signals, Correlation Receiver, Matched Filter Receiver, Maximum likelihood
Detection
Digital Modulation Formats, Coherent Binary Modulation Techniques, Coherent Quadrature-
Modulation Techniques, Non-Coherent Binary Modulation Techniques, M-ary Modulation
Techniques.

Unit 2 Differential phase-shift keying, Power Spectra, Bandwidth Efficiency, Probability of Error
Analysis-ASK, Probability of Error Analysis-FSK, Probability of Error Analysis-PSK, Probability
of Error Analysis-QPSK, Probability of Error Analysis-QAM.

Unit 3 Uncertainty, Information, Entropy, Source coding, Huffman coding, Shannon Fano coding.
Introduction to error control coding, Linear block code

Unit 4 Discrete PAM signals, Power spectra of discrete PAM signals, Inter-symbol interference, Signal
design for zero ISI, Nyquist’s criterion for distortion less baseband binary transmission, Raised
cosine spectrum, square root raised cosine spectrum, Correlative coding, Eye pattern, Baseband
M-ary PAM systems.

Unit 5 Spread spectrum systems, Code divisionmultiple access – Principle of operation, Forward and
reverse channels, Processing gain, Advantage and disadvantage of CDMA, Concept of near-far
problem and power control, Multicarrier modulation scheme – MC-CDMA, OFDM..
Text Books:

[T1] Haykin, Simon Digital communications, Wiley, 2006.

[T2] Skylar, BernaldDigital communications, Pearson Education, India, 2014.
Reference Book:
[R1] Proakis, John G. Digital Communications. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

42 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. *[a] Observe the output of PCM Encoder when a DC voltage is applied to its input. Find the
difference between quantization level of the PCM Encoder.
*[b] Observe the effect when a Sinusoidal signal is passed through PCM Encoder and reconstructed
using PCM Decoder.

2. Evaluate the performance of Non-Uniform Quantizer when used to quantize a speech sample.
3. *Observe the performance of Binary ASK signal in presence of noise.
4. * Observe the performance of Binary FSK signal in presence of noise.
5. Evaluate the performance of QPSK modulated wave in presence of AWGN.
6. Generate the symbols with the following probabilities
x1=0.1, x2=0.1, x3=0.2, x4=0.2, x5=0.4

Using Huffman technique find the codes and the compression ratio.

7. Generate the symbols with the following probabilities

x1= , x2= , x3= , x4 =

Using Shannon Fano Encoding technique find the codes and the compression ratio.

1101000
0110100
8. Generate a (7,4) Linear Block Code given a generator matrix𝐺 = . Assume that the received
1110010
1010001
vector is 1 0 0 1 0 0 1. Find the Syndrome.
9. Study of Inter Symbol Interference due to band limited channels in baseband digital data
transmission.
10. Study of CDMA transmitter and receiver.
NOTE:(*) Indicates Hardware Experiments to be performed on TIMS Kits.

Course Code Course Name Course Pre-requisite

Structure
ECECC15 Digital Signal Processing L-T-P ECECC05
3-0-2
COURSE OUTCOME (CO):
CO1: To understand the Discrete-Fourier Transform (DFT) and the FFT algorithms.
CO2: To determine the response of LSI system using convolution
CO3: To know the characteristics of various types of IIR and FIR filters,
CO4: To learn the design of FIR and IIR filters for filtering undesired signal
CO5: To analyse the finite word length effects in DSP systems
COURSE CONTENT:
Unit-I:
Review of DTFT: Definition, Signal transmission through LTI system. Review of z-transform: Definition,
Conjugation and conjugate symmetry property.
Discrete-Fourier Transform: Matrix formulation, Properties of DFT, Linear Convolution using DFT, Overlap-

43 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

save and Overlap-add method, Spectrum analysis using DFT. FFT-Efficient Computation of DFT, radix-2
Decimation-in-Time and Decimation-in-Frequency FFT Algorithms, Goertzel Algorithm.
Unit-II:
Realization of Digital Filters: Structures for FIR systems: Direct form structure, Cascade form structures,
Linear-phase structure, Structures for IIR systems: Direct form structures, Cascade form structures, Parallel
form structures. Transposed structures.
Unit-III:
Design of FIR Digital Filters: Advantages/disadvantages of digital filters, Difference between FIR and IIR
fitters, Frequency response of type1,2,3 and 4 FIR filters. Filter Specifications, Desirability of linear-phase FIR
filters, Impulse response of ideal LP, HP, BP and BS filters, Design of linear phase FIR Digital Filters using
Windows, Frequency Sampling method, and optimal method.
Unit-IV:
Design of IIR Digital Filters: IIR filter design by Approximation of Derivatives, Impulse-invariant method,
Bilinear transformation method, IIR filter specifications, Specifications of LP filter, Characteristics of
commonly used analog filters (Butterworth and Chebyshev), Frequency transformations.
Unit-V:
Analysis of Finite Word Length Effects: Review of representation of numbers, Quantization (truncation and
rounding), Quantization of fixed-point and floating-point numbers, Coefficient quantization error, Product
quantization error, zero-input limit cycle and dead band in IIR filters.

Text Books:
[T1] S. K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing- A Computer based approach”, Tata McGraw-Hill.
.
Reference Books:
[R1] A.V.Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer and J.R. Buck, “Discrete-Time Signal Processing”, Pearson Education.
[R2] Tarun Kumar Rawat, “Digital Signal Processing”, Oxford University Press
[R3] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, And
Applications”, Pearson Education.

List Of Experiments (Digital Signal Processing)

44 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

 Experiments using TMS320C6713 DSP Starter Kit

1) (a) Introduction to the Digital Signal Processing Kit (DSK) and the Code Composer Studio (CCS).
(b) Sine Wave Generation Using Eight points with DIP Switch Control.

(c) Generation of sinusoid and Plotting with CCS (sine8_buf).

2) (a) Basic Input and Output Using Polling (loop_poll).

(b) Basic Input and Output Using Interrupts (loop_intr).

(c) Sine Wave Generation Using sin() Function, Reconstruction, Aliasing, and the Properties of the
AIC 23 Codec.

3) Plot the DFT of the sequence given in experiment #5.

4) Design an FIR filter for the specifications given in experiment # 7.
5) Design and IIR filter for the specifications given in experiment # 10.

Course Code Course Name Course Structure Pre-requisite

45 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

 ECECC16 Analog Integrated Circuits L-T-P: ECECC07
3-0-2

Course Objectives After doing this course, the students would be able to:

CO-1 Understand and appreciate the design of internal circuits of various modern analog ICs
CO-1 Understand the ideal and nonideal design of linear and nonlinear application circuits using various
analog ICs
CO-3 Understand the circuit design using IC OTAs and their merits and limitations
CO-4 Understand the basic application circuits using miscellaneous other analog ICs such as Log/antilog
modules, Analog multipliers, 555 IC timers, Voltage Regulators, PLL etc.
Unit Number Contents
Unit-1 Building blocks of analog ICs; architectures of internally-compensated-type op-amps and
modern high slew-rate large-BW op-amps; Non ideal parameters of the op-amps and their
effects: input bias currents, CMRR, PSRR, gain-bandwidth conflict and its resolution;
Stability considerations, origin of slew rate and its effect; high slew rate op-amps

Unit-2 Design of various functional circuits; analog filters/oscillators; gain and bandwidth of
inverting/non-inverting/instrumentation amplifiers; Magnitude and phase errors, examples
of passive and active compensated circuits; active-R design.

Unit-3 Log/antilog module; Precision Rectifiers; Comparator and zero crossing detector; Schmitt
Trigger; astable and monostable multivibrators; Square/triangular wave form generators.

Unit-4 Operational Transconductance amplifiers (OTA): LM3080/ LM13600/ LM13700 and modern
IC OTAs such as OPA860/ OPA880; OTA-C realization of electronically-tunable resistors,
inductors, filters, sinusoidal oscillators, non-sinusoidal wave form generators; VCO/CCO;
advantages and limitations of OTA-C circuits.

Unit-5 IC Timer 555 and its applications: various modes of operation, power-on and power-off time-
delays, astable and monostable multivibrators; and other application circuits; IC analog
multipliers and their applications; Miscellaneous analog ICs such as IC Voltage regulators, IC
Function Generators, IC Phase locked loops (PLL) etc.

Suggested readings:

1. S. Franco, ``Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits,’’ Tata McGraw Hill

2. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, ``Microelectronic Circuits,’’ Oxford University Press.

3. Other references/resource material, provided by the course instructors.

Suggested List of Experiments

I Hardware-based Experiments:
1. Experimental verification of a GIC-simulated Inductor and its application in band pass filter design
2. Single-resistor-controlled sinusoidal oscillator design using op-amps
3. Op-amp Comparator and its use in astable and monostable multivibrators design
4. IC555 Timer based VCO designs (variable frequency; variable duty cycle)
5. IC OTA-based circuits, Current controlled integrator; Current controlled square/triangular waveform
generator
6. Applications of IC Analog multipliers AD534
II PSPICE-based Experiments:
7. DC, AC and Transient analysis of inverting/noninverting/unity gain amplifiers

46 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

8. Creation of macromodels of and their use in the study of compensated amplifiers: AC analysis
9. Universal biquad filter and design and verification using SPICE
10. Differential amplifier with active load and current source biasing: DC, AC, Transient analysis
11. Analog multiplier/divider using Log/Antilog circuits
12. Experiments with NIC-simulated negative resistors: S-type and N-type negative resistors

Course Code Course Name Course Structure Pre-requisite

ECECC-17 Embedded System Design L-T-P (3-0-2) ECECC12

Course Objectives:

1. To understand various application areas of embedded system

2. To understand various ways of implementing an embedded system - using a general purpose
processor, using an application specific processor and using a single purpose computer.
3. To visualize any embedded system requirement using a 6-box model namely input box,
processor box, output box, power supply box, communication and network box and host and
storage box.
4. To understand MSP430 microcontroller (or any other popular, modern microcontroller)
architecture and to be able to program in embedded C, to be able to implement an embedded
application.
5. To understand power supply requirements for embedded system design.
6. To understand input devices, output devices, communication protocols, sensors and analog
signal conditioning circuits for sensors and drivers for actuators.
7. To be able to test, debug and document embedded system designs.
Unit Number Contents

Unit-1 Introduction to Embedded Systems and Computer Systems Terminology

Formal definition of Embedded Systems. Embedded Systems Application Areas -
household gadgets as well as workplace and outside. Classification of Embedded
Systems. Characteristics of Embedded Systems in comparison with General
Purpose Computers. Discussion about closely related topics.
Microprocessor, Microcontroller and SoC terminology and history etc. Embedded
System implementation methods.
Modular approach to Embedded System Design using Six-Box model
Key parameters of Embedded System Design: Time to Market and Cost. Memory
Technologies, Memory Interface Busses. Details of the six-box model to help
visualize an Embedded System. Elements of Input box, Output box, Embedded
Controller box, communication box, host and storage box and power supply box.
Microcontrollers
Classification of microcontrollers on the basis of Instruction Set Architecture, Bus
size and Memory Interface. Features of Modern Microcontrollers. How to select a
Microcontroller for a particular application

Unit-2 Elements of Microcontroller Ecosystem and their significance

System Clock, RTC operation, System Reset sources, Power Supply and program
download capabilities. Development, debugging and testing tools.
Design of Power Supply for Embedded Systems
Classification of power supply regulators. Linear Regulator Topologies. Switching
Power Supply Topologies. Power Supply Design Considerations for Embedded
Systems. Energy sources. Battery types

47 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

 Introduction to MSP430
Introduction to MSP430. Introduction to Peripherals and CPU architecture, brief
instruction set, memory organisation and port map.
Fundamentals of Physical Interfacing
Input devices, Output devices.
Driving load. Interfacing LEDs and Seven Segment Displays. Multiplexing displays
including Charlieplexing. Shaft encoder.

Unit-3 Programming the MSP430

Basics of version control system. Program download methods for MSP430.
Introduction to Embedded C. Structure and Organization, Variables and
Expressions, Functions, bitwise operations. Debugging using Serial Monitor.
MSP430 Clock and Reset System
MSP430 Clock sources and distribution. Types of Reset sources. Low power modes
of operation in MSP430.
MSP430 Digital Input and Output
Configuring the General Purpose Digital Input and Output (GPIO) peripheral.
Interfacing LEDs, SSDs, Liquid Crystal Displays(LCD) and Switches with MSP430.
Interrupts in MSP430
Functions vs Interrupts. Types of Interrupts: Maskable vs Non-maskable
Interrupts. Vectored vs Non Vectored Interrupts. Interrupt Service Routine(ISR).
Handling Interrupts in MSP430. Writing efficient ISR Code.
Timer Module in MSP430
Timer Basics and Modes of Operation: Compare Mode in Up/Down/Up-Down
count, Capture Mode. Hardware and software methods of generating PWM. Timer
Capture Modes. Measuring frequency and time period of external signals and
events

Unit-4 ADC operation in MSP430

Overview of the ADC10 Peripheral on the MSP430. Interfacing Analog Inputs like
Potentiometer, NTC. Reading Internal Temperature Sensor of the MSP430.
Generating random numbers using LFSR and other methods. Adding DAC to
MSP430. Custom Waveform generation using MSP430.
Serial Communication
UART, I2C and SPI. Interfacing RS232 and RS485. Interfacing Universal Serial
Communication Interface (USCI) Peripheral Module of the MSP430 for UART
Communication.
Coding Ninja programming skills
Interrupt driven Programming. Advanced Coding Exercises. Interfacing multiple
peripherals together.
How to build and test an Electronics Project
Detailed steps to build an electronics project from visualization, planning,
fabrication, testing and documentation.

Unit-5 Circuit Prototyping techniques

Using breadboard, general purpose PCB, ’Manhattan Style and custom PCB design
approach.
Designing Single Purpose Computers using FSMD approach
Review of FSM. Design of elements of data path.
MSP430 Project Design and Implementation
Planning, integration and testing. Fabrication and testing tools.

Reference Books:

48 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

S.No. Title

1 Designing Embedded Hardware. 2nd Edition. John Catsoulis. ISBN: 0596007558. O'Reilly

2. Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction. Frank Vahid and Tony
Givargis. ISBN: 0471386782. Wiley.

3. An Embedded Software Primer. David E. Simon. ISBN 0-201-61569-X. Addison- Wesley.

4. MSP430G2x53 Datasheet

5. MSP430x2xx Family Userguide

6 MSP430 Microcontroller Basics. John H. Davies. Elsevier India 978938050185

7. Debugging. David J. Agans. Amacom. ISBN: 0814474578

List of Suggested Experiments:

S.No Experiment Objective Components / Software

.

1. UART_Template A template for using SerialPrint function Putty software

HelloLED on LunchBox Onboard LED
HelloBlink Turn an LED On. Onboard LED
Blink an LED at different rates.

2. HelloSwitch Toggle the LED when the switch is Onboard LED and Switch
pressed and released Onboard LED and Switch
Overcoming bouncing of switch using Onboard LED, External Push-
software method button, 10k resistor
Demonstrate pull-down configuration of Onboard LED, External Push-
switch button, 10k resistor
Demonstrate pull-up configuration of
switch

3 Clock and Reset Demonstrate use of in-between CPU On-board LED, Three external
clock frequency change. Check Reset Switches, 3 10k resistors.
Source for CPU Five external LEDs, Five 330
ohm resistors

4 Interrupts for Implement Hello Switch using Interrupt. Onboard LED and Switch
Switch Implement Hello Switch using rising
Interfacing edge Interrupt Onboard LED, External Switch,
Implement Hello Switch using falling 10k resistor, 1uF capacitor
edge Interrupt

Onboard LED, External Switch,

10k resistor, 1uF capacitor

49 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

5 Hello SSD Using single SSD, implement a single One 4-digit SSD, External
digit hexadecimal up-counter which switch, Capacitors (Ceramic
increments on the press of user switch and Polar), 8 330 ohm resistors
and one 10k resistor

6 Hello LPM Initialising low power mode in msp430 Onboard LED and Switch
for awaking on button interrupt and
toggle led

7 LCD Interfacing Initially Display “Hello Embedded 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot,
Systems!” on LCD. 47 ohm resistor, 1k resistor
Initially Display “Hello Embedded 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot,
Systems!” on LCD. external switch, 47ohm, 1k and
Then use a push button to display or 10k resistor
hide custom characters.
8 HelloTimer Implement a 8bit binary seconds 8 external LEDs, 8 330ohm
counter, displayed using 8 LEDs resistors

9 Software and Change LED intensity using software On-board LED

Hardware PWM implemented PWM. External LED
(8 and 16 bits) Change LED intensity using hardware External LED
implemented PWM.
Change LED intensity using hardware
implemented PWM.

10 ADC Interfacing 1) Use the potentiometer to change the External LED, Potentiometer,
red LED intensity from 0 to maximum Resistor, capacitor
in 256 steps. 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot,
2) Use the potentiometer to change the Potentiometer
timer duty cycle and check it on DMM
using RC filter.
3) Display ADC value from external
source in terms of voltage on 16*2
LCD

11 HelloADC_Intern Display Internal Temperature sensor 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot
al_Temperature_ value in terms of voltage on 16*2 LCD
Sensor

12 LFSR Read ADC value and then use it as a 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot,
seed value for the 8 bit LFSR. The new Potentiometer.
LFSR value is then displayed on 16*2 On-board LED, potentiometer
LCD.
Read ADC value and then use it as a
seed value for the 32 bit LFSR. The new
LFSR value is then used to turn a LED
on or OFF
13 HelloDAC Covert digital to analog value using R-2R 10Kohm, 20Kohm
ladder DAC (1% resistors)

14 Hello Serial Use UART to Echo (strings or numbers Putty software

+1) on the PC serial monitor.

50 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

15 Period and Display frequency of the incoming 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot,
Frequency square wave from 555 using Period resistor, capacitor,
Measurement. method. potentiometer, 555 Timer IC.
Display frequency of the incoming 16*2 LCD, USB cable, trim pot,
square wave from 555 using frequency resistor, capacitor,
method potentiometer, 555 Timer IC.

16. RefreshSSD_Inte Change the refresh rate of the SSD 4-digit SSD, BC547 transistor,
rruptBased according to the value from ADC. The On-board switch,
switch is used for incrementing the Potentiometer.
display count. All this is done using
Timer for displaying.

4.3.6 SYLLABI OF PROGRAM CORE COURSES : VI SEMESTER

Course No. Title of the Course Course Structure Pre-Requisite

ECICC18 Control Systems L-T-P: 3-0-2 NONE

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs):

After completion of this course, the students are expected to be able to demonstrate the following
knowledge, skills and attitudes:
1. To understand and analyze the linear control systems and the feedback characteristics.
2. To model various physical systems and control system components.
3. To perform the time domain analysis of linear time invariant systems using standard test signals.
4. Frequency based design and analysis of closed loop control systems.
5. To design and analyze different systems using state variable approach.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT-1 Introduction to Control Systems, Transfer function and Block Diagram Representation and
Reduction Techniques and Signal Flow graphs, Mason’s Gain formula.
Feedback Characteristics of Control Systems: Feedback and Non-feedback Systems, Reduction of
Parameter Variations by use of Feedback, Control Over System Dynamics by Feedback, Control
of Effects of Disturbance Signal by Feedback and Regenerative Feedback, Sensitivity Analysis.

51 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

 Circuit Design
ECECE66 Video Signal Digital Signal
Processing and 3 1 0 4 ECECC15 Processing
Applications
ECECE67 Adaptive Signal Digital Signal
3 0 2 4 ECECC15
Processing Processing
ECECE68 Speech and Digital Signal
Audio Signal 3 0 2 4 ECECC15 Processing
Processing
ECECE69 VLSI signal Digital Signal
Processing 3 1 0 4 ECECC15 Processing
Systems
ECECE70 Quantum Signal Digital Signal
3 1 0 4 ECECC15
Processing Processing
ECECE71 Multi-Rate DSP Digital Signal
and Wavelet 3 1 0 4 ECECC15 Processing
Theory
MINOR -3: Microelectronics Circuits, VLSI and Embedded System

Modern Analog ECECC16 Analog Integrated

3 1 0 4
ECECE72 Filter Design Circuits
Low-Voltage and ECECC07 Microelectronics
Low-power VLSI 3 0 2 4
ECECE73 Design
CMOS Mixed ECECC07 Microelectronics
Signal Circuit 3 1 0 4
ECECE74 Design
Advanced ECECC07 Microelectronics
Semiconductor 3 1 0 4
ECECE75 Devices
Electronic ECECC07 Microelectronics
Design 3 1 0 4
ECECE76 Automation
Embedded ECECC17 Embedded System
Automotive 3 0 2 4 Design
ECECE77 Systems
Artificial Neural ECECC07 Microelectronics
Networks for 3 1 0 4
ECECE78 VLSI
Introduction to ECECC07 Microelectronics
nano and
3 0 2 4
flexible
ECECE79 electronics
Design for ECECC08 Digital Circuits and
3 1 0 4
ECECE80 Testability Systems

4.4.2 SYLLABI OF DEPARTMENT ELECTIVES COURSES : V SEMESTER

MINOR-I(COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING)

Course No. Title of the Course Credits Course Structure Pre-Requisite

ECECE01 Optical Fiber 4 L-T-P ECECC13

Communication 3-0-2
COURS OUTCOMES (CO)
After completing the course, the students shall be able to:
CO1: Understand light propagation through various types of optical fibers.

58 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

CO2: Understand pulse broadening and nonlinear transmission characteristics in optical communication
CO3: Describe and compare the light sources employed in optical fiber communications
CO4:Understand the basic principles of optical detection and describe various types of photodetectors
CO5: Understand implementation of optical fiber communication systems using optical amplifiers,
multiplexers and dispersion management
Unit 1 Evolution of lightwave systems, Need for Fiber-Optic Communications, Block diagram of optical
fiber communication systems, optical fibers, structure of optical waveguide, light propagation in
optical fibers, modes in optical fiber, step and graded index fiber, Single Mode Fibers, cut-off
wavelength, Mode Field Diameter.

Unit 2 Transmission characteristics of optical fiber, signal degradation in optical fiber, attenuation, losses
in optical fiber, Transparent windows, transmission rate, Dispersion and pulse broadening in
different types of fibers, Chromatic dispersion, Dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers,
Polarization Mode Dispersion, Nonlinear optical effects, Kerr effects: self-phase modulation, cross-
phase modulation and four-wave mixing.

Unit 3 Optical sources, LED and Laser diode, principle of action, structure and types of LEDs and lasers,
homostructure and heterostructure, characteristics of semiconductor laser and LEDs, Quantum-
well laser diodes, Fabry-Perot laser diodes, Distributed-feedback laser diode, Vertical-cavity
surface-emitting laser

Unit 4 Optical detectors, requirements for photodetectors, types of photodetectors, principle of PIN and
APD diodes, noise in photo detectors, phototransistors and photo conductors.

Unit 5 Functional modules of optical fiber communication system, modulation format, transmitter,
receiver, optical amplifiers, Semi-conductor optical amplifier, Fiber amplifier, multiplexers, WDM
and DWDM systems, Dispersion management, Dispersion compensating fiber, BER and Q factor
performance.

Text Books:

1. Senior, John M Optical Fiber Communications Principles and Practice, Pearson Education Limited, 2009
2. Keiser, Gerd Optical Fiber Communications, 4th ed.,Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
Reference Books:

1. Liu, Max Ming-Kang Principles and Application of Optical Communications, McGraw-Hill Education, 1995
2. Mynbaev, D. K. and Scheiner, L. L. Fiber-Optic Communications Technology, Pearson Education, 2011.
3. Agrawal, Govind P. Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, John Wiley & sons, 4e, 2010

List of experiments

1. To establish and study the point-to-point optical fiber communication link and calculate propagation
loss, attenuation in optical fibers.
2. To observe working principle and characteristics of LED and plot its P-I characteristics.
3. To observe working principle and characteristics of LASER and plot its P-I characteristics.
4. To study and plot the refractive index profile and numerical aperture of optical fiber for α=1, 2, 3….∞
using optical simulation tools/ MATLAB.
5. To study different optical transmitter, receiver components using optical simulation tools like Optsim,
Optisystem, etc.
6. To design and evaluate the optical link performance for different modulation formats using optical
simulation tools like Optsim, Optisystem, etc., at different link lengths

59 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

7. To design and evaluate the optical link performance for different modulation formats using optical
simulation tools like Optsim, Optisystem, etc., at different transmission rates.
8. To design and evaluate the optical link performance using pre, post and symmetrical dispersion
compensation techniques using optical simulation tools like Optsim, Optisystem, etc.
9. To design and evaluate the performance of a WDM system at different transmission rates using optical
simulation tools like Optsim, Optisystem, etc.
10. To design and evaluate the performance of a DWDM system at different channel spacing using optical
simulation tools like Optsim, Optisystem, etc.
11. A project based on implementation of optical fiber communication system using various schemes taught
in this course.

Course No. Title of the Course Credits Course Pre-Requisite

Structure
Information and Coding 4 L-T-P ECECC06
ECECE02 Theory 3-1-0

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO)

Aftercompleting the course, the students should be able to:
CO1: Understand the concept of probability, its relation with information, entropy, and their application in
communication systems
CO2: Identify theoretical and practical requirements for implementing and designing compression algorithms.
CO3: Analyze the need for channel coding in digital communication systems, the relationship between
bandwidth and capacity of communication channels with its importance in real life communication systems.
CO4: Generate block codes for error detection and correction.
CO5: Generate convolutional codes for error detection and correction

Unit Nos. Topics

Unit 1 Inequalities of Markov and Chebyshev, Weak law of large numbers, Discrete entropy, Joint and
conditional entropies, Entropy in the continuous case, Maximization of continuous entropy,
Entropy of a bandlimited white Gaussian process.

Unit 2 Uniquely decipherable and instantaneous codes, Kraft- McMillan inequality, Noiseless coding
theorem, Construction of optimal codes, Discrete memoryless channel, Mutual information and
channel capacity, Shannon’s fundamental theorem and its weak converse, Capacity of a
bandlimited AWGN channel, Limits to communication – Shannon limit.

Unit 3 Coding for reliable digital transmission and storage, Types of codes, Modulation and coding, ML
decoding, Performance measures, Algebra Background, Groups, Fields, Binary field arithmetic.

Unit 4 Vector Spaces over GF(2), Generator and parity check matrices, Syndrome and error detection,
Standard array and syndrome decoding, Hamming codes Polynomial representation, Systematic
encoding, Cyclic encoding, Syndrome decoding.

Unit 5 Generator Sequences, Structural properties, Convolutional encoders, Optimal decoding of

convolutional codes- the Viterbi algorithm.

60 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

 Text Books:

4. R.B. ASH: Information Theory, Dover, 1990.

5. R. BOSE: Information theory, coding and cryptography, Mcgraw Hill 2008.
6. T.K. MOON: Error Correction Coding, Wiley, 2006.
Reference Books:
1. SHU LIN & D.J. COSTELLO: Error Control Coding, 2nd Edn, Pearson, 2011.

Course No. Title of the Course Credits Course Structure Pre-Requisite

ECECE03 RADAR AND NAVIGATION L-T-P ECECC13
3-0-2

COURSE OUTCOME (CO):

This course covers the basics of Radar and Navigation system., types of Radar and its application.
CO1: To understand basic of Radar systems
CO2: To understand types of Radar and its application
CO3: To learn different navigational techniques
CO4: To understand the role of Radar in civil and military applications and in.
CO5: To understand the working of GPS
COURSE CONTENT:

Unit 1:
Radar and Radar Equation: Introduction, Radar block diagram and operation, frequencies, applications,
types of transmitters, duplexers and displays, Millimeter and submillimeter waves derivation of radar
equation, Range performance, minimum detectable signal, probability of false alarm and threshold detection,
radar cross-section, system losses and Propagation effects.

Unit 2:

CW Radar – Doppler Effect, CW Radar, applications, FM – CW radar, altimeter, Multiple Frequency Radar.
Pulse Radar – MTI, Delay Line Canceller, Multiple Frequencies, Range-gated Doppler Filters, Coherent and
Non-coherent MTI, Pulse Doppler Radar.

Unit 3

Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobbing, Conical Scanning, Mono- Pulse tracking Radar
phase comparison mono pulse, tracking in range, comparison of trackers, Airborne Doppler Navigation,
Electronic scanning Radar, Principal and Block diagram

Unit 4.

Detection – Introduction, Optimum Bayesian decision rules. Detection criteria for different target
models,Matched Filter, Detection Criteria, Detector characteristics.

Navigation: Introduction, loop antenna, Four methods of Navigation, Local direction finding Loop Antenna,
Goniometer, Errors in direction finding, Adcock direction finder, Its advantage over loop antenna, Radio
ranges, VHF Omnidirectional range, LORAN, DECCA navigation system

Unit 5:
Phased Arrays – Basic concepts, feeds, phase shifters, frequency scan arrays, multiple beams, applications,
advantages and limitations.
Recent trends in satellite navigation -GPS: principle, position location determination, global satellite

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navigation system, GAGAN, IRNSS
Text Books:

[T1]-Introduction to Radar Systems - M. I. Skolnik

[T2]. Title Digital Avionics Systems Author Spitzer, C. R Publisher Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., U.S.A.
Edition 1987

[T3}. Title Avionics Navigation System Author M. Kayton and W. Fried Publisher Wiley Interscience Edition
1997

Reference Books:

[R1] Radar Principles – Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr.

[R2] Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MatLab
[R3] Modern Radar Systems Analysis by David K. Barton,Artech House, 1998.
[R4] Radar Systems Principles by Harold R. Raemer, CRC Press, 1996.
[R5] Radar System Analysis & Modelling by David K.Barton, Artech House, 2004.
[R6] Title The Avionics Handbook Author Cary R. Spitzer Publisher CRC Press Edition 2000
[R7] Title Introduction to Avionics Author Collinson R. P. G Publisher Chapman and Hall Edition 1996

List of Experiments:
1. Introduction to RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging)
2. Analysis OF RADAR Range Equation.
3. Analysis of Radar Signal to Noise Ratio against target detection range for different values of target Radar
cross section.
4. Analysis of Radar Signal to Noise Ratio against target detection range for different values of Radar peak
value.
5. To study the principle operation of Doppler Radar and MTI Radar.
6. Study of the object counting (number of objects) with the help of Radar.
7. Detection of different types of materials with the help of Radar receiver and transmitter.
8. To study the principle of GPS Technology.
9. To study the satellite link with GPS technology and Radar.

For MATLAB exercise, refer Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB, Bassem R. Mahafza, Ph.D.
CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC

62 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

MINOR-II (RF, Microwave and Signal Processing)

Course Code Course Name Credits Course Structure Pre-requisite

ECECE04 Antenna and Wave 04 L-T-P ECECC10
propagation 3-0-2
COURSE OUTCOME (CO):
CO1: To understand the concept of antenna radiation and their figure of merits. CO2: To
understand the concept of antenna array beam-forming and scanning. CO3: To understand
the concept of radio wave propagation.
CO4: Design of various practical antenna and their applications.
CO5: To understand the measurements methods of various antenna parameters.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT-I : Introduction to Antenna: Concept of retarded potential, Current Elements and

currentdistribution,RadiationfromMonopole&HalfWaveDipole,powerradiatedbyfinite length element,
radiation resistance. Reciprocity Theorems, Concept of magnetic current,
Dualityconcept,RadiationPattern,HPBW,FNBW,Beamwidth,AntennaParameters:Gain,
Directivity,EffectivelengthandArea,AntennaTerminalImpedance,AntennaTemperature and Signal to Noise
Ratio, radiation and aperture efficiency,polarization.

Unit-II: Antenna Array: Two Element Array, concept of scanning, N-Element Linear Array, Multiplication
of patterns, End-fire, broadside array, parasitic array, Uniform and Non-uniform array, planar array,
Feeding methods of antenna array element, mutual coupling between two antennas.

Unit-III: Wave Propagation: Modes of propagation , Structure of atmosphere , Ground

wavepropagation,,FlatearthandCurvedearthconcept,effectofearthcurvature,Skywave propagation–
MechanismIonospherePropagation-Reflectionandrefraction,effectofearth magnetic field, Virtual height,
critical frequency , Maximum usable frequency, Skip distance, Fading , Multi hop propagation, Space wave
Propagation, Line of sight, Troposcatter propagation, Duct Propagation

Unit-IV:PracticalAntennaandtheirapplication:Loopantenna,foldeddipole,Rhombic Antenna, Parabolic,

Helical, Horn Antenna, slot radiators, log-periodic antenna, cylindrical antenna, Lens antenna, Microstrip
antenna, Reconfigurable antenna, Active antenna, Dielectric antennas, and Electronic band gap structure.

Unit-V: Antenna Measurements: Antenna Measurements-Test Ranges for Near and far field, Friis
equation, Radiation Pattern Measurement, Gain, Directivity, Polarization measurement, impedance,
VSWR, bandwidth measurement.
Text Books:

[T1] C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2016.

[T2] W. L. Stutzman, G. A. Thiele, “Antenna theory and design”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

[T3] John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka, Ahmad S. Khan,“Antennas and Wave Propagation”, 5th Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2017.

63 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

Reference Books:

[R1] Elliot, R.S., “Antenna Theory and Design”, Revised edition, Wiley IEEE Press.

ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Introduction and hands on practice on ANSYS HFSS Full-waveEM Simulator.

2. Stripline Transmission line modeling for circuit Board using EM Simulator.

3. Design and Analyze the Dipole antenna using ANSYSHFSS.

4. Construct and Analyze the Monopole Antenna on EMSimulator.

5. Design and Analysis of the Patch antenna with Coaxial Probefeed.

6. Design and Analysis of Linear Array, using full wave EMSimulator.

7. The Measurement of S-parameters of any Device under test (DUT) like one, two and Three port devices
(designed by students) using the vector Network Analyzer(VNA)

8. Minor Project based on fabrication and measurement assigned in theLab.

Course No. Course Name Credits Course Pre-Requisite

Structure

ECECE05 Digital Image Processing 04 L-T-P ECECC05

3-0-2

COURSE OUTCOME (CO):

CO1: A comprehensive understanding of Digital image fundamentals and transforms

CO2: A comprehensive understanding of image enhancement algorithms.
CO3: A comprehensive understanding of image restoration algorithms.
CO4: A comprehensive understanding of morphological operations and segmentation algorithms.
CO5: A comprehensive understanding of image representation and interpretation algorithms.

64 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

COURSE CONTENT:

Unit-I:Digital image fundamentals and transforms: Elements of visual perception – Image sampling and
quantization Basic relationship between pixels, Basic geometric transformations, Introduction to Fourier
Transform and DFT, Properties of 2D Fourier Transform, Separable Image Transforms: Walsh, Hadamard,
Discrete Cosine Transform, Haar, Slant, Karhunen – Loeve transforms.

Unit-II: Image enhancement and restoration: Spatial Domain methods: Basic grey level transformation,
Histogram equalization, Image subtraction, Image averaging, Spatial filtering: Smoothing, sharpening filters.
Laplacian filters, Frequency domain filters: Smoothing, Sharpening filters, Homomorphic filtering.

Unit-III: Image restoration: Model of Image Degradation/restoration process: Noise models, Inverse filtering,
Least mean square filtering, Constrained least mean square filtering, Blind image restoration, Pseudo inverse,
Singular value decomposition.

Unit-IV: Morphological Image processing: Set theory for Digital Images, Logical operations on Binary digital
Images, Dilation, Erosion operations and their Combinations, Morphological reconstruction.

Image segmentation: Edge detection – Thresholding - Region Based segmentation, Boundary representation,
chain codes, polygonal approximation, boundary segments, boundary descriptors: Simple descriptors: Fourier
descriptors, Regional descriptors.

Unit-V: Image representation and interpretation: boundary descriptors: Simple descriptors: Fourier
descriptors, regional descriptors. Simple descriptors: Texture
Recognition and interpretation: Elements of image analysis, Patterns and pattern classes, Decision-theoretic
methods, Structural Methods, Interpretation.

Text Books:

[T1] Rafael C Gonzalez, Richard E Woods 2nd Edition, Digital Image Processing - Pearson Education 2003.

References:
[R1] William K Pratt, Digital Image Processing John Willey (2001).
[R2] A.K. Jain, PHI, New Delhi (1995)-Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing.
[R3] Jae S. Lim, Two-dimensional Signal and Image Processing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey. 1990.

List of Experiments (Digital Image Processing)

1. To observe Simultaneous Contrast and Mach band pattern.

2. Implement2Dconvolution.
3. Toperform arithmetical andlogicaloperationsonanimage.
4. Tocomputethe2DDFTofa2Drectanglesignal.
5. ImageEnhancement(Timedomainmethods):
a) Enhancementbypointprocessing:
i. ImplementGraylevelslicing.
ii. Readanimage andtoextract8differentplanes,thatis,bitplaneslicing.
iii. Readanimage,plotitshistogramthendohistogramequalization.Commentabouttheresult.
iv. To reducenoise using imageaveraging.
b) SpatialFiltering:ImplementvariousSmoothingandsharpeningspatialfilters.
6. ImageEnhancement(Frequencydomainmethods):
i. Lowpassfilteringwithdifferentmasks

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 ii. Highpassfilteringwithdifferentmasks
iii. Order-static filters (Median filters, min and max filters)
iv. Highboost filtering.
7. Imagerestoration:
i. Implementvariousnoise models andtheirHistogram.
ii. Add 5% salt & pepper noise to the image flower.tif. Attempt to remove the noise with (a)average
filtering, (b) median filtering, and (c) the outlier method. Which method gives
thebestresults?Repeat it with 10% andthen 20%noise.
iii. AddGaussiannoisetothegrayscaleflowersimagewiththefollowingparameters:(a)mean0,variance0.
01 (default),(b)mean0,variance0.02,(c)mean0,variance0.05,(d)mean0,variance 0.1. In each case
attempt to remove the noise with average filtering and withWiener
filtering.Canyouproducesatisfactoryresultswiththe lasttwonoisyimages?

8. a) Perform basic morphological processing of binary images (corrosion, expansion, opening operation
and closing operation).
b) Use morphological operations to achieve noise smoothing and image edge extraction of grayscale
images.
9. Open up the image cameraman.tif in MATLAB, and apply each of the following edge
findingtechniquesin turn:
i. Roberts
ii. Prewit
iii. Sobel
iv. Laplacian(withcentrevaluepositiveandnegative)
v. Zero-crossings of a Laplacian(vi)TheMarr-Hilderthmethod
vi. Whichseemstoyou toprovidethe bestlookingresult?

10. ImageSegmentation:
i. Region-orientedsegmentation
ii. Gradient-basedsegmentation

11. Imagerepresentation:(i)Chaincodes,(ii)signatures,(iii)boundarysegments,(iv)skeletons.
12. ImageDescription:(i)Fourierdescriptors,(ii)statisticalmoments,(iii)regionaldescriptors,and
usingPrincipalComponents.

Minor-III (MICROELECTRONICS CIRCUITS, VLSI AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM)

Course No. Course Name Course Pre-Requisite

Structure

ECECE06 CMOS Analog Circuit Design L-T-P ECECC07

3-1-0
COURSE OUTCOMES (CO):

CO 1 To understand fundamentals MOS four-terminal models along with characteristics of

elementary transistor connections in basic amplifier
CO 2 To understand the use of CMOS circuits in basic analog components, such as current mirror
and differential amplifiers
CO 3 Learning to analyse the frequency response of basic building blocks like Op-amp and OTA
CO 4 To understand the concepts of non-linear analog circuits and basics of voltage and current
references
CO 5 To understand the effects of noise in amplifiers and types of analog layout techniques
Unit-1 Basic MOS device physics, MOS V/I characteristics, Second order effects, MOS
capacitors, Small-signal operation and equivalent circuit of four-terminal MOSFETs.
NMOS versus PMOS devices, Short channel effects, Basic single stage amplifier

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 stages, Cascade and Cascode gain stages.
Unit-2 Basic current mirrors, Cascode current mirrors, Active current mirror, operational
amplifiers-two stage MOS Op-amps. Differential amplifier with active load, large-
signal and small-signal analysis, CMOS OP-Amps, Cascode Op-amps, Folded Cascode
Op-amps, Telescopic Op-amps, Stability analysis and issues.
Unit-3 Frequency response of single stage MOS amplifier, differential amplifier and two stage
Op-Amps, Simple OTA: derivations of differential gain, frequency response, gain
bandwidth product, common mode gain, slew rate, CMRR, PSRR. Op-amp versus
OTA.
Unit-4 Non-linear analog circuits, Gilbert Multiplier, Phase-locked loop concepts, Bandgap
references, supply-independent biasing, Temperature-Independent References, PTAT
current Generation, Constant-Gm biasing.
Statistical characteristics and types of noise. Noise in single stage amplifiers. Noise in
Unit-5 current Mirror and differential pair, General layout techniques, Analog Layout
techniques, Substrate coupling.

TEXT BOOKS:
[T1] Roubik Gregorian, Gabor C. Temes, “Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal
Processing”, Willey International.
[T2] Behzad Razavi,`` Principles of data conversion system design,” S. Chand and
Company Ltd.
[T3] Phillip E. Allen and Douglas R. Holberg,`` CMOS Analog Circuit Design,” Oxford
University Press.
[T4] Baker, Li and Boyce,`` CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation,” Prentice Hall
India.
[T5] Gray, Meyer, Lewis, Hurst,`` Analysis and design of Analog IC’s,” Willey International.

Course No. Course Name Course Pre-Requisite

Structure

ECECE07 CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits L-T-P: ECECC08

3-0-2

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO):

CO1: To become familiar with structure and functioning of MOSFETs.
CO2: To apprehend static and switching characteristics of CMOS inverters.
CO3: To develop an ability to design combinational, sequential and dynamic CMOS logic circuits.
CO4: To understand the operation and utility of Semiconductor memories
Unit-1 Introduction to ASIC design flow, Moore’s law and ITRS, structure and operation of
MOS transistor, MOSFET scaling and small-geometry effects, MOSFET capacitances,
MOS transistor as switch, MOS inverters: static characteristics, switching
characteristics and interconnect effects, switching threshold, noise margins,
propagation delay, static and dynamic power consumption in CMOS circuits.

Unit-2 Combinational MOS logic circuits, Static CMOS logic, Pseudo-NMOS logic, pass
transistors, complementary pass transistor logic, CMOS transmission-gate logic,
differential CMOS logic, transistor sizing, logical effort theory.

Unit-3 Sequential MOS logic circuits, timing metrics for sequential circuits, bistability
principle, static latches and flip flops, dynamic latches and registers, master-slave
flip-flops and pulse triggered flip-flops, registers, concept of clock skew and clock
jitter.

67 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE

Unit-4 Dynamic CMOS logic, dynamic CMOS circuit techniques, high performance dynamic
CMOS circuits, charge sharing, ratioed and ratioless logic, pipelining, voltage
bootstrapping, Schmitt trigger.

Semiconductor memories: Read-Only Memory Circuits, Static Read-Write Memory

Unit-5 (SRAM) circuits, Dynamic Read-Write Memory circuits, low power design through
voltage scaling, estimation and optimization of switching activity, reduction of
switched capacitance, adiabatic logic circuits.

TEXT BOOKS:
[T1] Sung M. Kang, Yusuf Lablebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis & Design”, Tata Mc-
Graw Hill, 4th Edition
[T2] Jan M. Rabaey, AnanthaChandrakasan, Borivojenikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits-A design
perspective”, Pearson, 2nd Edition
[T3] Neil Weste and David Harris, “CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective” ,
Pearson, 4th Edition

List of experiments:
1. Implement a CMOS inverter and plot its transient and DC characteristics.
2. Implement a 3-input NAND gate and verify its functionality through transient analysis.
3. Implement a 2x1 multiplexer and verify its functionality through transient analysis.
4. Implement a CMOS circuit to realize the logic function F = A+BC+DE.
5. Implement dynamic and static D-Latch and D-Flip flop using pass transistor logic.
6. Implement a PowerPC based Transmission Gate Flip-flop (TGFF).
7. Implement a Toggle Flip-flop using TGFF and realize an 8-bit asynchronous counter.
8. Implement EXOR circuit using transmission gates and inverters and characterize for delay, power, PDP and
PDAP.
9. Determine the relationship between gate capacitance and transistor widths at 180nm TSMC CMOS process
technology.
10. Determine the transistor sizes of a 2x1 multiplexer (using only two input NAND gates) for minimum power
delay product (PDP) using Logical Effort theory at 16X capacitive load.

4.4.3 SYLLABI OF DEPARTMENT ELECTIVES COURSES : VI SEMESTER

MINOR-1: COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING

Course No. Title of the Course Credits Course Pre-Requisite

Structure
ECECE20 Optical Networks 4 L-T-P Optical Fiber
3-0-2 Communication
COURS OUTCOMES (CO)

After completing the course, the students shall be able to:

CO1: Understand the basics of optical networks and nonlinear effects.
CO2: Evaluate the operation of optical network components.
CO3: Analyze switching, crosstalk and multiplexing.
CO4:Analyze the SONET/SDH, ATM and IP technology.
CO5: Apply WDM and optical access networking concepts.
Unit 1 Introduction to Optical Network, The optical layer, optical packet switching. Transmission
Basics: wavelength, frequencies and channel spacing, wavelength standards. Non-linear Effects:

68 | SCHEME OF COURSES AND EXAMINATION: B.Tech ECE