REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL VISIT AT WATER

TREAMENT PLANT

Submitted by,

1 SUDITYA BHATTACHARYA 10601321023

2 SYED SAMSUZZAMAN 10601321033
3 SUKRITI PAUL 10601321010
4 MANAS SARKAR 10601321006
5 ISTIAK HOSSAIN 10601321032
6 DEBAYAN DAS ADHIKARY 10601321059
7 ABDUL BASIR 10601321035
8 ARITRA GHOSH 10601319001
9 SUSHANTA MURMU 10601321063
10 MONOJIT PAL 10601321016
11 KUNAL NATH 10601321043
12 SAYAN GHOSH 10601321017
13 SONU SHEKH 10601321031
14 SOURASHIS DAS 10601320004
15 DEBADITYA BISWAS 10601321007

Under the Guidance of

PROF. BAPON HALDER
PROJECT PART – II [CE(PROJ)882] 2023-2024
 MURSHIDABAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

APPROVAL SHEET

This project report entitled “REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL VISIT AT WATER TREATMENT

PLANT” by Is approved for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering.

1. Supervisor,

2. Head of the Department,

3. Principal

Date:- Place:-
 MURSHIDABAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the work contained in the project tiled “REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL VISIT AT WATER
TREATMENT PLANT” by

Has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has not been submitted Elsewhere for a degree
.

Signature

(Prof. Bapon Halder) Department of

Civil Murshidabad College of
Engineering & Technology
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank Professor BAPON HALDER for his constant guidance,Opportune advice and
immense inspiration which facilitated the successful Completion of this project.

I would also like to thanks Professor BISWAJIT BARMAN, Head of DepartmentCivil Engineering,
MCET for his support and encouragement.
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT
Professor Bapon Halder, Department of Civil Engineering, Murshidabad
College Of Engineering And Technology, Murshidabad, West Bengal.
Students of Final Year B.Tech, Department of Civil Engineering, Murshidabad
College Of Engineering And Technology, Murshidabad, West Bengal.

ABSTRACT: Changes in design of water-treatment plants usually result from the desire to improve
operating performance, the need to modify treatment processes, the urge to benefit from technical
advances, or the efforts to reduce the impact of increasing construction costs. All have had an
influence on the water-treatment plants now under operation. The various functions and equipment
of the facility including the mixing and settling basins, the second plant expansion, new plant
construction, new sludge- removal units, filter media, valves, under drains, the filter design, surface-
wash system, and the current plans and investigations underway. The overall design of the
wastewater treatment plant consists of 3 stages: i) Primary treatment which consists of screening,
grit removal and sedimentation ii) Secondary treatment consists of a bioreactor iii) Tertiary treatment
consists of nitrogen removal, adsorption and pH control. For plant design, the following parameters
are assumed/experimentally determined for the wastewater. Further, the total flow rate and the
concentrations keep varying at different times of the day, as well as are subject to seasonal
variations. For example, in morning hours the flow rate and BOD value is high. Similarly, during rainy
season solid contents like silt are more due to surface run-off.

INTRODUCTION
To provide safe and pure drinking water to environment, people and living organisms. Distribution of
treated water to Azimganj was proposed on 6th SLSC meeting held on 20-1-2004.To provide additional
drinking water to the twin cities from river Hoogly as source. It has been proposed to take up Water
Supply project in three phases for supplying 270 MGD. To meet the projected demand of this service
area up to horizon year 2031. Drinking water treatment plants are used to remove particles and
organisms that lead to diseases and protect the public welfare and supply pure drinking water to the
environment, people and living organisms. In addition, they also provide drinking water that is
pleasant to the senses : taste, sight and smell and provide safe, reliable drinking water to the
communities they serve. Water treatment, as a word originally means the act or process of making
water more potable or useful, as by purifying, clarifying, softening it. To provide drinking water to the
public is one of the most important tasks of communities and the design of water supply systems has
to follow the rules of engineering sciences and also needs technical knowledge and practical
experience. Water is treated differently in different communities depending upon the quality of water
which enters the plant. For example; ground water requires less treatment than water from lakes,
rivers and streams.

WATER DISTRIBUTION TAILS Phase-I (2004 - 2006)

STAGE -1 for supplying 45 MGD (Million Gallons Per Day) STAGE -2 for supplying 45 MGD (Million
Gallons Per Day) Phase –II (2006 -2011) for supplying 90 MGD (Million Gallons Per Day)

Phase –III (2011-2014) for supplying 90 MGD (Million Gallons Per Day)

The current demand for water supply in the city is 460 MGD, but the Water Board is supplying only 340
MGD, a major shortfall, that deprives the surrounding municipal areas, many of which get water once
in three days, some only once in seven days. Hoogly river water will come to the city a few months
before the Assembly elections in 2014.

Alwal would be the first to get Hoogly river water, which would traverse 84 Kms from Farrakh barrage.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main object is the supplying of treated water to Azimganj water treatment plant by the help of
mechanically pumping and by gravity.

To drawing raw water from Hoogly river through MS pipe line from the canal intake to the three WTP’s
(water treatment plant’s) (phase-I of stage I & stage-II of 45 MGD+45 MGD and phase –II OF 90 MGD)
total 180 mgd of water for drinking water supply project.
AZIMGANJ MUNICIPALITY AREA
Azimganj Municipality area includes urban and extends to semi urban and panchayat limits by about
1905.04 SqKm.

AZIMGANJ MUNICIPALITY AREAS:

SL.NO Name of area Area in SqKm

1. Azimganj Municipality Area 172.60
2.
Five (5) municipalities, Jiaganj, Devipur,
Baranagar, Baroduary, Benipur, Kusumkhola 418.56

3. Urban Panchayat Area 94.58

4. Semi Urban Panchayat Area 15.78
5. Rural Panchayat Area 1162.62
6. Mother Teresa Teacher’s Traning College 43.02
Total 1970.16

Metropolitan areas

THE POPULATION OF AZIMGANJ AND WATER DEMAND

The population of future water demand of the city including surrounding Municipalities for different
horizon years is below.
Projected population(in millions) Water demand (in MGD)
Year
2004 6.804 245
2006 7.193 290
2011 8.166 320
2016 9.083(estimated) 360
2021 10.018(estimated) 400
2031 11.810(estimated) 500

Population of Hyderabad and water demand

LOCATION OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT
The Azimganj treatment plant was located at village called Azimganj is at 18 Km from Berhampore. The
total area of plant is 331 acres. The total length of the pipeline pumping and gravity is 114 Kms.
Enroute Reservoirs were constructed at Azimganj. Benipur, Kusumkhola And Jiaganj.

SOURCE OF WATER
The raw water tapping is through an independent control cum regulating sluice from Hoogly River. The
raw water is being drawn from Hoogly river. In view of meeting the future demand criteria for the city,
Azimganj Water Supply and Sewerage board has selected Hoogly River as source. The phase-I and
phase-II of Drinking Water Supply Project is commissioned for a drawal of 180 MGD (90 MGD+90MGD)
sourced from reservoir.

Drinking Water Supply Project envisages for tapping 16.5 TMC of raw water i.e 270MGD in three
phases. Each phase consists of 5.5 TMC raw water drawls for adding 90 MGD of treated water to the
water supply system of Azimganj.

The implementation programme of the three phases is as below.

3 Source of water

Physical
Temperature 10oC to 15.6oC
Odour 0 to 4Po value
Colour 10 to 20(platinum cobalt scale)
Turbidity 5 to 10 ppm(silica scale)
Taste No objectionable taste
Chemical
Total solids Upto 500ppm
Hardness 75ppm to 115 ppm
 Chlorides Upto 250 ppm
Iron and manganese Upto 0.3 ppm
Ph 6.5 -8
Lead 0.1 ppm
Arsenic 0.05 ppm
Sulphate Upto 250 ppm w
Carbon alkalinity Upto 120 ppm
Dissolved oxygen 5 to 6 ppm
B.O.D Nil
Standards of drinking water

Turbidity Values

Jar Dosage of coagulant Remarks

1 5mg Poor
2 10mg Average
3 15mg Excellent
4 20mg Excellent
5 25mg Excellent
6 30mg Excellent
Jar test values

Values of COD
Sample 1: River water

COD in mg/lit = (P-Q)xNx8x1000/ml of sample taken

= (4-3)x0.1x8x1000/5 =160mg/lit.

Sample 2: Drinking water

COD in mg/lit = (P-Q)xNx8x1000/ml of sample taken

= (3-2.7)x0.1x8x1000/5 = 48mg/lit

PURIFICATION METHODS
SCREENING

Screening is the first unit operation used at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Screening removes
objects such as rags, paper, plastics, and metals to prevent damage and clogging of downstream
equipment, piping, and appurtenances. Some modern wastewater treatment plants use both coarse
screens and fine screens.

Coarse screens
Fine screens
Comminutors and grinders

AERATION

Water aeration is the process of increasing the oxygen saturation of the water. This also helps to
produce active sludge which can be used as fertilizers.

Water quality.
Aeration methods.
Natural aeration.
 Flow diagram of water treatment plant

DESIGN OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT DATA

Total population = 530000

Maximum turbidity in water in monsoon = 1500PPM Raw water has hardness of 100mg/lit as caco3
Softening plant works for 2 shifts of 8 hours per day

Per capita demand = 135 litres Average quantity of water required

= 5.3 × 105 × 135
= 76.85 × 106 lit/day
= 76.853 × 103 cu.m/day
= 76.85 × 10 = 0.89cu.m/sec
24 ×60×60

Maximum demand of the city

= 1.5 × 76.85 × 103 cu.m/day
= 1.33 cu.m/day

DESIGN FOR SCREENS

Provide 2mm dia holes on 8mm thick sheet

COAGULATION

Alum required for chemical feeding

Let the optimum dose be 5 to 8 mg/lit (determined by jar test)

The average quantity of alum required

6 6
= 76.85 × 10 ×5 to 76.85 × 10 ×8
106 106
= 385 to 615 kg/day

The maximum requirement in summer will be 1.5 times more = 385 × 1.5 to 615 × 1.5

= 577 kg/day to 923 kg/day

The quantity of alum shall be first mixed with the water to form a solution of 5% strength

Maximum capacity of the solution feed device = 923 × 20 lit/day

(923x20)/60x24 = 12.82 lit/min

Min dose which will be feeded during average demand =12.82/1.5 = 8.5 lit/min
Quantity of solution to be feeded in one shift of 8 hours

= 12.82 × 60 × 8 lit = 6153.6 lit Providing two solution tank

The capacity of the tank = 6153.6/1 3077 liters = 3.077 cu.m

Keeping depth of the tank of solution (assume)

m and 15 cm as free board

The side of the square tank = √3.077 = 1.75 m

Size of the each tank solution = 1.8 × 1.8 × 1.15 m

DESIGN OF APPROACH CHANNEL

The flow of raw water will be divided into two channels Maximum flow in each channel = 1.33/2
cu.m/sec

= 0.667 cu.m/sec
Providing a velocity of 60 cm/sec

The cross sectional area of the above channel = 0.667/0.6 sq.m = 1.11 sq.m

Provide 1.2 × 1.0 m channel with 92.5 cm water depth, having free board of 7.5 cm at the maximum
flow.

DESIGN OF MIXING TANKS

Mechanical flash mixtures will be used for mixing the coagulant solution with the water.

Assume the detention period of 1 minute Capacity of each flash mixture = 0.667 × 60 cu.m

= 40.02 cu.m

Provide depth of 3.0 m

= √40.02/3 m = 3.65 m
Provide size = 3.70 × 3.70 × 3.70 m

DESIGN OF FLOCCULATING TANKS

Assume flocculating time of 30 minutes

The capacity of each flocculating tank = 0.667 × 60 × 30 cu.m
Provide 4 channels = 1200.6/4 = 300.15 cu.m
Provide 3.0 m depth of water, 30m length of the channel
Width = 300.15/3×30 = 3.335m
Provide size of flocculating tank = 30m × 3.335m × 3.0m

DESIGN OF SETTLING TANK

Surface loading = 2000 lit /hr/m^2 of plan area

Surface area of each tank = 0.667×60×60×10^3/2000 = 1200.6sq.m
Diameter of tank = √1200..6 𝜋/4 = 39.1 m
The weir loading in the settling tank at average flow 𝑄/𝜋𝑑 = 76.85×103/𝜋×39×2 = 313.61cum /day
Providing a detention period of 2.5 hours = 1.33/2 × 60 × 2.5 cum = 100.05 cum = 100.05×10^3/4×39^2
= 5.02 ≅ 5m
Pipe dia = 39m,
5.3 depth with
30 cm free board

DESIGN OF RAPID GRAVITY FILTERS

Quantity of water to be treated = 1.5× 76.85×10^6 lit/day =115.2×1010^6 lit/day

Assume rate of filtration 4500 lit/𝑚^2/hour, 30 mnutes for washing
Total filter area = 115.275×10^6/23.5×5×4500 = 1090sq.m
Providing 16 units of rapid gravity filter with 2 numbers of as stand by
Surface area each unit = 1090/14 = 77.862 sq.m
Provide each unit of each size = 10 × 8m
Side trough size 25 cm×20 cm
Carrying capacity Q = 327.5× by^3
= 327.5 ×0.25×0.20^3
= 0.655 cum/min >0.634 cum/min
Provide 25cm ×25cm trough with 20 cm water depth
The capacity of the main trough = 211.5/30
= 7.05 cum/min
Provide 35cm × 45cm main trough with
40 cm water depth
Carrying capacity Q = 327.5 ×35 × 40^2 = 7.336 cum/min >7.05 Cum/min
Section adopted is safe.
Rate of wash water = 211.5/30
= 0.1175 cum/sec
WASH WATER TANK

Over head tank 20m above the bottom of the strainer

Quantity of wash water = 2.5% of total water
= 2.5% × 10 × 8 × 4500 × 23.5
= 2.1 × 10^5 lit/unit
= 211.5 cum/unit
Capacity of wash water tank = 423 cum
Assume depth 3.0 m
Dia of the tank = √423/(3 × 𝜋/4) . 13.5 m
Depth = 3.3 m
Free board = 30cm
One shift of 8hrs
14 rapid gravity filters = 211.5 ×14/8
= 370.12 cum/hr
Provide 4 units each 125 cum/hr
Pumping sets = dia 30 cm
The velocity of flow = 125 ×3/𝜋4×0.3^2×60×60 = 1.47 m/sec
Friction loss of 25m
The water hp of the pump= 𝑊𝑄𝐻 75 = 1000 ×370.12×25/75 = 34.27HP
Efficiency = 90% & 70%
= 34.27/0.9 ×0.7
= 54.39 = 55HP
WASH WATER SUPPLY MAIN

Filter for back washing = 30 cm in dia

Velocity in pipe = 211.5/(30 ×𝜋/4× 0.32×60)
= 1.663 m/sec < 3 m/sec
The loss of head due to friction
= 4𝑓𝑙 𝑣^2/2𝑔𝑑
Friction f = 0.001, Length of the pipe = 21 m,
Velocity v = 1.663 m/sec,
Gravity g = 0.981
Diameter d = 0.3
= 4 ×0.001 ×21 × 1.663^2/2×0.981×0.30
= 0.0399/0.5866 m/run
= 1 14.75 m/run
1 meter head loss in every 14.75 m length of the pipe
Total head loss 20 m
= 20/14.75
= 1.356m
Size of filters = 10 × 8 m
Side small trough at about 1.80 c/c
Surface area = 4 × 1.8 = 7.2 sq.m
Rate of wash water = 211.5/30 ×10×8 = 0.0881 cum/m^2/min
Water collected by each side trough = 0.881 × 7.2 = 0.634 cum/min
STRAINER DESIGN

Minimum openings in strainers should be 1/3%

Strainer openings =10×8/3×100 =0.267sq.m
Assuming the strainer opening 2.5mm
Number of openings in the strainer = 0.26×1000×100/2.5×2.5 = 4272 nos
Spacing of strainers both ways = √9.8×7.8×1000/4272 =13.37 cm
Provide 13c c/c both ways strainer openings

DESIGN OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT

Quantity of maximum soft water required 8 hours shift = 14.5×76.85×10^3/3

= 38425cu.m
Water softening plant remove 100% hardness of water
For 2 shifts, = 38425/2 = 19212.5 cu.m
Hardness removed = 19212.5 ×100%
= 19212.5 cu.m
Provide 30 beds of 2.2m×2.2m×1.45m depth
Quantity of salt required = 50kg/cu.m of resin
Quantity of required solution for shift = 40 × 25 × 2.2 × 2.2 × 1.45 = 7018 kg/shift
5% brine solution in water softening
Quality of brine solution = 7018×100/5 = 140.36 cu.m
For brine tank size = 4.5 × 4.5 × 1.5m
Average flow rate over resin beds = 19212.5/7
= 2744.62 cu.m/hour
Average velocity of flow through each unit = 2744.62/25×60×2.2×2.2
= 0.378 m/min
The time taken to pass through resin bed = 1.45/0.378
= 3.84min

DESIGN OF CHLORINATION PLANT

Disinfection of water will be done by post chlorination method

Dose of chlorine to be added will vary from 0.5 to 1.0 in ppm
Quantity of chlorine required = 6.4kg/hr
Liquid chlorinator having capacity of feeding chlorine rate of 6.40 to 10.0 kg/hr

DESIGN OF CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR

Underground clear water reservoir having capacity of about 8 hrs will be added
Quantity of water to be stored = 76.85×10^3/3
= 25617 cu.m
Depth provided 5.0m, free board 50 cm Reservoir plan area = 25617/5
= 5124.5sq.m
 CONCLUSION

• The construction vision is not only limited to beauty of the residential/industrial plans but is also

environmental friendly.

• Waste water treatment is an important initiative which has to be taken more seriously for the

betterment of the society and our future.

• Wastewater treatment is the process, wherein the contaminants are removed from the

wastewater as well as the household sewage, to produce waste stream or solid waste suitable

for discharge or reuse.

• Wastewater treatment method is categorized to three sub divisions, physical, chemical,

biological. The construction site consists of Effluent treatment plant (ETP), whereas there is also

for provision of sewage treatment plant.