Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

6. The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of

1. Cartilages, bones and blood are various types of
tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base.
specialised connective tissues.
Free surface may have microvilli. They are found in the
The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and
and resists compression. Cells of this tissue (chondrocytes) absorption.
are enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by
them. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary
canal is the mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds
Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called
by bones in adults. villi in the small intestine. The cells lining the villi produce
Cartilage is present in the tip of nose, outer ear joints, numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a
between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs and brush border appearance. These modifications increase the
hands in adults. surface area enormously.
Bones have a hard and non-pliable ground substance rich 7. Compound epithelium is made of more than one layer
in calcium salts and collagen fibres which give bone its (multi-layered) of cells and thus has a limited role in
strength. It is the main tissue that provides structural frame secretion and absorption.
to the body.
Their main function is to provide protection against
2. All the statements about the cell junctions are correct. chemical and mechanical stresses. They cover the dry
surface of the skin, the moist surface of buccal cavity,
All cells in epithelium are held together with little
pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of
intercellular material. In nearly all animal tissues,
pancreatic ducts.
specialised junctions provide both structural and
functional links between its individual cells. Three types of 8. All cells in epithelium are held together with little
cell junctions are found in the epithelium and other tissues. intercellular material. In nearly all animal tissues,
These are called as tight, adhering and gap junctions. specialised junctions provide both structural and
Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking functional links between its individual cells. Three types of
across a tissue. Adhering junctions perform cementing to cell junctions are found in the epithelium and other tissues.
keep neighbouring cells together. Gap junctions facilitate These are called as tight, adhering and gap junctions.
the cells to communicate with each other by connecting Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking
the cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for rapid transfer of ions, across a tissue. Adhering junctions perform cementing to
small molecules and sometimes big molecules. keep neighbouring cells together. Gap junctions facilitate
the cells to communicate with each other by connecting
3. In nearly all animal tissues, specialised junctions provide
the cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for rapid transfer of ions,
both structural and functional links between its individual
small molecules and sometimes big molecules.
cells. Three types of cell junctions are found in the
epithelium and other tissues. These are called as tight, 9. Compound epithelium is made of more than one layer
adhering and gap junctions. (multi-layered) of cells and thus has a limited role in
Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking secretion and absorption. The main function of compound
across a tissue. epithelium is to provide protection against chemical and
Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep mechanical stresses. They cover the dry surface of the skin,
neighbouring cells together. the moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of
Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts.
other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for There are two types of epithelial tissues namely simple
rapid transfer of ions, small molecules and sometimes big epithelium and compound epithelium. Simple epithelium is
molecules. composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a
lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.
4. Bones and blood are various types of specialised
connective tissues. Brush-bordered compound epithelium is found in the lining
of stomach and intestine and helps in secretion and
The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable
absorption.
and resists compression . Cells of this tissue (chondrocytes)
Simple squamous epithelium is found in the walls of blood
are enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by
vessels and air sacs of lungs and are involved in functions
them. Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are
like forming a diffusion boundary.
replaced by bones in adults. Cartilage is present in the tip
The cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of
of nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the
cube-like cells. This is commonly found in ducts of glands
vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults.
and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main
Bones have a hard and non-pliable ground substance rich functions are secretion and absorption.
in calcium salts and collagen fibres which give bone its
strength. It is the main tissue that provides structural frame 10. In all connective tissues except blood, the cells secrete
to the body. fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin.

5. 11. Options D has a wrong match. Cartilage, bones and blood

are various types of specialised connective tissues. The
intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable and
resists compression. Cells of this tissue (chondrocytes) are
enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by
them.
Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells of the epithelim are
specialised for secretion and are called glandular

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epithelium. They are mainly of two types: unicellular, There are two types of epithelial tissues namely simple
consisting of isolated glandular cells (goblet cells of the epithelium and compound epithelium. Simple epithelium is
alimentary canal), and multicellular, consisting of cluster of composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a
cells (salivary gland). On the basis of the mode of pouring lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes. The compound
of their secretions, glands are divided into two categories epithelium consists of two or more cell layers and has
namely exocrine and endocrine glands. Exocrine glands protective function as it does in the skin.
secrete mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes
and other cell products. 15.

Muscles are of three types, skeletal, smooth, and

cardiac. The smooth muscle fibres taper at both ends
(fusiform) and do not show striations. These are
involuntary muscles.

12. Dense irregular connective tissue is present in skin.

Fibres and fibroblasts are compactly packed in the dense
connective tissues. Orientation of fibres show a regular or 16. Bronchioles and fallopian tubes are lined with ciliated
irregular pattern and are called dense regular and dense epithelium. Ciliated epithelium in bronchioles moves the
irregular tissues. In the dense regular connective tissues, particles trapped in mucus while the ciliated epithelium in
the collagen fibres are present in rows between many fallopian tubes is useful to push the egg forward through
parallel bundles of fibres. Tendons, which attach skeletal the fallopian tube.
muscles to bones and ligaments which attach one bone to
another are examples of this tissue. Dense irregular 17. Germinal epithelium of ovary and seminiferous tubules is
connective tissue has fibroblasts and many fibres (mostly made of cuboidal epithelial cells.
collagen) that are oriented differently. This tissue is present
in the skin. 18. Epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a
body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a
Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for covering or a lining for some part of the body.
secretion and are called glandular epithelium. They are
mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated The cells are compactly packed with little intercellular
glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and matrix. There are two types of epithelial tissues, namely
multicellular, consisting of cluster of cells (salivary gland). simple epithelium and compound epithelium.
Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells
All cells in epithelium are held together with little and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and
intercellular material. In nearly all animal tissues, tubes.
specialised junctions provide both structural and The compound epithelium consists of two or more cell
functional links between its individual cells. Three types of layers and has protective function as it does in our skin.
cell junctions are found in the epithelium and other tissues.
These are called as tight, adhering and gap junctions. Tight 19. Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for
junctions help to stop substances from leaking across a secretion and are called glandular epithelium. They are
tissue. mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated
Compound epithelium is made of more than one layer glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and
(multi-layered) of cells and thus has a limited role in multicellular, consisting of cluster of cells (salivary gland).
secretion and absorption. Their main function is to provide On the basis of the mode of pouring of their secretions,
protection against chemical and mechanical stresses. glands are divided into two categories namely exocrine and
endocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete mucus, saliva,
13. Both A and R are false statements. earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell products.
Epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a These products are released through ducts or tubes. In
body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a contrast, endocrine glands do not have ducts. Their
covering or a lining for some part of the body. There are products called hormones are secreted directly into the
two types of epithelial tissues namely simple epithelium fluid bathing the gland.
and compound epithelium. On the basis of structural The given diagram "A" shows multicellular gland while "B"
modification of the cells, simple epithelium is further is unicellular gland.
divided into Squamous, Cuboidal and Columnar
epithelium. 20. Loose connective tissue has cells and fibres loosely
The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance, for example,
tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base. areolar tissue present beneath the skin. Often it serves as a
Free surface may have microvilli. They are found in the support framework for epithelium. It contains fibroblasts
lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and which are the cells that produce and secrete fibres,
absorption. Cuboidal cells in the tubular parts of nephrons macrophages and mast cells.
in kidneys perform the functions are secretion and
21. Label 'A' is a macrophage in loose areolar connective
absorption.
tissue. Macrophages are irregular in outline. They have
Columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells also form glandular many elongated pseudopodia. The cells are attached to
epithelium which have main function of secretion of matrix fibres.
mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes and The lebel 'B' repesents fibroblast. Fibroblasts are flat,
other cell products. irregular cells with branched stellate processes and they
have flattened heterochromatic nucleus with small amount
14. The epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a of cytoplasm and fewer organelles.
body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a The label 'C' represents collagen fibers (proteinaceous) in
covering or a lining for some part of the body. The cells are the matrix of loose areolar connective tissue.
compactly packed with little intercellular matrix. The label 'D' represents mast cells. Mast cells are round or

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oval cells having filopodia. Nucleus is small and centrally 28. Both Statement I and Statement II are false. Ligaments are
placed. Cytoplasm contains granules of heparin and dense regular connective tissue while cartilage is a
histamine. specialised connective tissue.
Fibres and fibroblasts are compactly packed in the dense
22. Ligaments and tendons are types of dense regular
connective tissues. Orientation of fibres show a regular or
connective tissue. Fibres and fibroblasts are compactly
irregular pattern and are called dense regular and dense
packed in the dense connective tissues. Orientation of
irregular tissues. In the dense regular connective tissues,
fibres show a regular or irregular pattern and are called
the collagen fibres are present in rows between many
dense regular and dense irregular tissues.
parallel bundles of fibres. Tendons, which attach skeletal
In the dense regular connective tissues, the collagen fibres muscles to bones and ligaments which attach one bone to
are present in rows between many parallel bundles of another are examples of this tissue. Dense irregular
fibres. Tendons, which attach skeletal muscles to bones connective tissue has fibroblasts and many fibres (mostly
and ligaments which attach one bone to another are collagen) that are oriented differently. This tissue is present
examples of dense regular connective tissue. in the skin.
23. In nearly all animal tissues, specialised junctions provide Cartilage, bones and blood are various types of specialised
both structural and functional links between its individual connective tissues.
cells. Three types of cell junctions are found in the
29. On the basis of the mode of pouring of their secretions,
epithelium and other tissues. These are called as tight,
glands are divided into two categories namely exocrine and
adhering and gap junctions.
endocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete mucus, saliva,
Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking
earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell products.
across a tissue.
These products are released through ducts or tubes. In
Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep
contrast, endocrine glands do not have ducts. Their
neighbouring cells together.
products called hormones are secreted directly into the
Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each
fluid bathing the gland.
other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for
rapid transfer of ions, small molecules and sometimes big 30. Intervertebral discs are made up of white fibrocartilage in
molecules. the peripheral part which is called as annulus fibrosus. The
central part of intervertebral disc is made up of hyaline
24. The squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of
cartilage and is termed as nucleus pulposus.
flattened cells with irregular boundaries. They are found in
the walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs and are Intervertebral discs join two adjacent vertebrae. It is a type
involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary. It is of cartilaginous joint. In cartilaginous joints, the bones
due to the flat squamous epithelial cells forming a thin involved are joined together with the help of cartilages. The
alveolar membrane in the lungs which is important for joint between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral
efficient gaseous exchange. column is of this pattern and it permits limited movements.

25. The squamous epithelium is found in the walls of blood 31. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Tendon is a type of
vessels and air sacs of lungs. The cuboidal epithelium is dense regular connective tissue.
commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of Fibres and fibroblasts are compactly packed in the dense
nephrons in kidneys. connective tissues. Orientation of fibres show a regular or
The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of irregular pattern and are called dense regular and dense
tall and slender cells. Free surface of columnar epithelium irregular tissues. In the dense regular connective tissues,
may have microvilli. They are found in the lining of the collagen fibres are present in rows between many
stomach and intestine. parallel bundles of fibres. Tendons, which attach skeletal
The ciliated epithelium is mainly present in the inner muscles to bones and ligaments which attach one bone to
surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian another are examples of dense regular connective tissue.
tubes.
Compound epithelium covers the dry surface of the skin, 32. The cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of
the moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of cube-like cells. This is commonly found in ducts of glands
ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts. and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main
functions are secretion and absorption.
26. Both statements I and II are true.
33. Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for
Fibres and fibroblasts are compactly packed in the dense secretion and are called glandular epithelium. They are
connective tissues. Orientation of fibres show a regular or mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated
irregular pattern and are called dense regular and dense glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and
irregular tissues. In the dense regular connective tissues, multicellular, consisting of cluster of cells (salivary gland).
the collagen fibres are present in rows between many
parallel bundles of fibres. Dense irregular connective tissue On the basis of the mode of pouring of their secretions,
has fibroblasts and many fibres (mostly collagen) that are glands are divided into two categories, namely, exocrine
oriented differently. and endocrine glands.
Exocrine glands secrete mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk,
27. Mast cells are present in areolar connective tissue. digestive enzymes and other cell products. These products
Loose connective tissue has cells and fibres loosely are released through ducts or tubes.
arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance, for example, In contrast, endocrine glands do not have ducts. Their
areolar tissue present beneath the skin. Often it serves as a products, called hormones, are secreted directly into the
support framework for epithelium. It contains fibroblasts fluid bathing the gland.
(cells that produce and secrete fibres), macrophages and
mast cells. 34. Non-keratinized epithelium is found in the moist surface of
buccal cavity. It is permeable to water. Keratinized stratified
epithelium found in skin is impermeable to water.

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The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and
tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base. multicellular, consisting of cluster of cells (salivary gland).
Free surface may have microvilli. On the basis of the mode of pouring of their secretions,
If the columnar or cuboidal cells bear cilia on their free glands are divided into two categories, namely, exocrine
surface they are called ciliated epithelium. Their function is and endocrine glands.
to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts or
epithelium. They are mainly present in the inner surface of tubes while endocrine glands, which do not have ducts,
hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes. secrete their products, called hormones, directly into the
Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for fluid bathing the gland.
secretion and are called glandular epithelium. They are
mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated 41. Columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells bearing cilia on their
glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and free surface form ciliated epithelium. The cilia remain in
multicellular, consisting of cluster of cells (salivary gland). rhythmic motion and create a current to transport material
which comes in contact with them. In respiratory tract, the
35. Both I and II are true statements. epithelium helps in expelling mucus and trapped particles
In multicellular animals, a group of similar cells alongwith towards outside.
intercellular substances perform a specific function. Such
42. Statement B is incorrect.
an organisation is called tissue. The epithelial tissue has a
free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for
environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for secretion and are called glandular epithelium. They are
some part of the body. The cells are compactly packed with mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated
little intercellular matrix. glandular cells (goblet cells of the alimentary canal), and
multicellular, consisting of cluster of cells (salivary gland).
36. All cells in epithelium are held together with little Compound epithelium is made of more than one layer
intercellular material. In nearly all animal tissues, (multi-layered) of cells and thus has a limited role in
specialised junctions provide both structural and secretion and absorption. Their main function is to provide
functional links between its individual cells. Three types of protection against chemical and mechanical stresses. They
cell junctions are found in the epithelium and other tissues. cover the dry surface of the skin, the moist surface of
These are called as tight, adhering and gap junctions. buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary
Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking glands and of pancreatic ducts.
across a tissue.
Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep 43. In all connective tissues except blood, the cells secrete
neighbouring cells together. fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin. The
Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each fibres provide strength, elasticity and flexibility to the
other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for tissue.
rapid transfer of ions, small molecules and sometimes big
44. Adipose tissue is another type of loose connective tissue
molecules.
located mainly beneath the skin.
37. The cells of this tissue are specialised to store fats.
The excess of nutrients which are not used immediately are
converted into fats and are stored in this tissue.

45. Compound epithelium is made of more than one layer

(multi-layered) of cells and thus has a limited role in
secretion and absorption. Their main function is to provide
protection against chemical and mechanical stresses. They
cover the dry surface of the skin, the moist surface of
buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary
glands and of pancreatic ducts.
The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of
38. Loose connective tissue has cells and fibres loosely tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base.
arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance, for example, Free surface may have microvilli. They are found in the
areolar tissue present beneath the skin. Often it serves as a lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and
support framework for epithelium. It contains fibroblasts absorption.
(cells that produce and secrete fibres), macrophages and
mast cells. Three types of cell junctions
are found in the epithelium and other tissues. These are
39. Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue. The called as tight, adhering and gap junctions. Tight junctions
intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable and help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue.
resists compression. Cells of this tissue (chondrocytes) are Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep
enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by neighbouring cells together. Gap junctions facilitate the
them. Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are cells to communicate with each other by connecting the
replaced by bones in adults. Cartilage is present in the tip cytoplasm of adjoining cells, for rapid transfer of ions,
of nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the small molecules and sometimes big molecules.
vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults.
46. Areolar connective tissue is a typs of loose connective
40. Some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for tissue which is found beneath the skin. Loose connective
secretion and are called glandular epithelium. They are tissue has cells and fibres loosely arranged in a semi-fluid
mainly of two types: unicellular, consisting of isolated ground substance. Often it serves as a support framework

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for epithelium. It contains fibroblasts (cells that produce prokaryotic cell are true.
and secrete fibres), macrophages and mast cells. In prokaryotic cells, there is no well-defined nucleus. The
genetic material is basically naked, not enveloped by a
47. Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced
nuclear membrane and lacks histone proteins. In addition
by bones in adults.
to the genomic DNA (the single chromosome/circular ds
Cartilage is present in the tip of nose, outer ear joints, DNA), many bacteria have small circular DNA outside the
between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs and genomic DNA.
hands in adults.
55. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are associated with the plasma
48. concept based question membrane of the cell. They are about 15 nm by 20 nm in
concept covered from the topic - Excretory products and size and are made of two subunits - 50S and 30S units
their elimination which when present together form 70S prokaryotic
ribosomes.
49. All statements are correct.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Several
Adrenal gland is endocrine (ductless) gland. Products of ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain
endocrine glands are called as hormones. Hormones are called polyribosomes or polysome. The ribosomes of a
released directly into the blood. polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.
The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of
56. The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly-
tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base.
shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains
Free surface may have microvilli. They are found in the
all or most of the genetic material of a cell.
lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and
absorption. Microvilli increase the surface area of 57. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Several
absorption. ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain
Compound epithelium is made of more than one layer called polyribosomes or polysome. The ribosomes of a
(multi-layered) of cells and thus has a limited role in polysome translate the mRNA into proteins and increase
secretion and absorption. Their main function is to provide the efficiency and rate of protein synthesis.
protection against chemical and mechanical stresses. They
cover the dry surface of the skin, the moist surface of 58. Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the
buccal cavity, pharynx, inner lining of ducts of salivary cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies. These are not
glands and of pancreatic ducts. bound by any membrane system and lie free in the
cytoplasm, e.g., phosphate granules, cyanophycean
50. Both cuboidal and columnar epithelia are involved in granules and glycogen granules. Gas vacuoles are found in
absorption and secretion functions in the body parts where blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.
they are present.
59. Combination in option B is mismatched. Flagella, Pili and
The cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of Fimbriae are surface structures of the bacteria. Pili and
cube-like cells. This is commonly found in ducts of glands fimbriae do not play a role in motility. The pili are elongated
and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main tubular structures made of a special protein and are helpful
functions are secretion and absorption. The epithelium of in the process of conjugation, a type of parasexual
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of nephron in the kidney reproduction in bacteria. The fimbriae are small bristle like
has microvilli to increase the surface area of absorption. fibres sprouting out of the cell. In some bacteria, they are
The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of known to help attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and
tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base. also to the host tissues.
Free surface may have microvilli to increase the surface Glycocalyx differs in composition and thickness among
area of absorption. They are found in the lining of stomach different bacteria. It could be a loose sheath called the
and intestine and help in secretion and absorption. slime layer in some, while in others it may be thick and
tough, called the capsule. The cell wall determines the
51. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are associated with the plasma
shape of the cell and provides a strong structural support
membrane of the cell. They are about 15 nm by 20 nm in
to prevent the bacterium from bursting or collapsing.
size and are made of two subunits - 50S and 30S units
which when present together form 70S prokaryotic 60. The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S while the prokaryotic
ribosomes. ribosomes are 70S. Each ribosome has two subunits, larger
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. Several and smaller subunits. The two subunits of 80S ribosomes
ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain are 60S and 40S while that of 70S ribosomes are 50S and
called polyribosomes or polysome. The ribosomes of a 30S.
polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.
61. Unicellular organisms are capable of independent
52. Cells differ greatly in size, shape and activities. For existence and performing the essential functions of life.
example, Mycoplasmas, the smallest cells, are only 0.3 μm Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not
in length while bacteria could be 3 to 5 μm. The largest ensure independent living. Hence, cell is the fundamental
isolated single cell is the egg of an ostrich. structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
53. Flagella, pili and fimbriae are surface structures of the In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, examined
bacteria but do not play a role in motility. The pili are a large number of plants and observed that all plants are
elongated tubular structures made of a special protein. The composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues
fimbriae are small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the of the plant. At about the same time, Theodore Schwann
cell. In some bacteria, they are known to help attach the (1839), a British Zoologist, studied different types of animal
bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host tissues. cells and reported that cells had a thin outer layer which is
today known as the ‘plasma membrane’.
54. Statements A, B and C about the genetic material of a

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Schleiden and Schwann together formulated the cell theory. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylas-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is
This theory however, did not explain as to how new cells the most abundant protein in the biosphere. Collagen is the
were formed. most abundant protein in the animal world.
The endomembrane system include endoplasmic reticulum
62. Chromatin material within the interphase nucleus, presence
(ER), golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles. Since the
of nuclear membrane around nucleus and presence of
functions of the mitochondria, chloroplast and
membrane-bound subcellular organelles are the
peroxisomes are not coordinated with the above
characteristic features of eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells
components, these are not considered as part of the
lack true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
endomembrane system.
Though chemically different, cell wall is present in both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes like bacteria, 69. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan. In eukaryotes the cell of A.
wall may be cellulosic, as in plants or it may be chitinous, A special membranous structure is the mesosome which is
as in fungi. formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the
cell. These extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules
63. In addition to the genomic DNA (the single
and lamellae. They help in cell wall formation, DNA
chromosome/circular DNA), many bacteria have small,
replication and distribution to daughter cells. They also
covalently closed, circular, double stranded, autonomously
help in respiration, secretion processes, to increase the
regulated DNA outside the genomic DNA. These smaller
surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic
DNA are called plasmids. The plasmid DNA confers certain
content. In some prokaryotes like cyanobacteria, there are
unique phenotypic characters to such bacteria. One such
other membranous extensions into the cytoplasm called
haracter is resistance to antibiotics.
chromatophores which contain pigments.
64. Glycocalyx, cell wall and plasma membrane together form
70. In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, a semi-fluid matrix
cell envelope. Glycocalyx is the outermost covering of a
called cytoplasm occupies the volume of the cell.
bacterial cell.
The cytoplasm is the main arena of cellular activities in
Glycocalyx could be a loose sheath called the slime layer in both the plant and animal cells.
some bacteria, while in others it may be a thick and tough Various chemical reactions occur in it to keep the cell in the
structure, called the capsule. ‘living state’.
65. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. 71. Gas vacuoles are found in blue green and purple and green
The Mycoplasma are organisms that completely lack a cell photosynthetic bacteria. They help to provide buoyancy ot
wall. They are the smallest living cells known and can the cell and also protect the cell from harmful radations.
survive without oxygen. Mycoplasma are only 0.3 μm in
length. Therefore, they can pass through less than 1 micron 72. Most prokaryotic cells, particularly the bacterial cells, have
filter size. Mycoplasma are bacteria without a cell wall, a chemically complex cell envelope. The cell envelope
hence statement 2 is incorrect. consists of a tightly bound three layered structure i.e., the
outermost glycocalyx followed by the cell wall and then the
66. Anabaena is a blue-green algae (BGA) or cyanobacteria plasma membrane.
which is a prokaryote. Although each layer of the envelope performs distinct
Spirogyra is eukaryotic green alga, Agaricus is a function, they act together as a single protective unit.
mushroom (fungus belonging to class Basidiomycetes) Bacteria can be classified into two groups on the basis of
and Euglena is a moneran belonging to Euglenoids. the differences in the cell envelopes and the manner in
which they respond to the staining procedure developed by
67. Bacterial cells may be motile or non-motile. If motile, they Gram viz., those that take up the gram stain are Gram
have thin filamentous extensions from their cell wall called positive and the others that do not, are called Gram
flagella. Bacteria show a range in the number and negative bacteria.
arrangement of flagella. Bacterial flagellum is composed of
three parts – filament, hook and basal body. The filament 73. Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct whereas, (iii) and (v)
is the longest portion and extends from the cell surface to are incorrect.
the outside. Most prokaryotic cells, particularly the bacterial cells, have
a chemically complex cell envelope. The cell envelope
68. Statements (iii) and (iv) are correct.
consists of a tightly bound three layered structure i.e., the
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form outermost glycocalyx followed by the cell wall and then the
a chain called polyribosomes or polysome. The ribosomes plasma membrane.
of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins. A special Glycocalyx differs in composition and thickness among
membranous structure is the mesosome which is formed
different bacteria. It could be a loose sheath called the
by the extensions of plasma membrane into the cell. These
slime layer in some, while in others it may be thick and
extensions are in the form of vesicles, tubules and
tough, called the capsule.
lamellae. They help in cell wall formation, DNA replication
and distribution to daughter cells. They also help in The genetic material in prokaryotes is basically naked; not
respiration, secretion processes, to increase the surface associated with histones and not enveloped by a nuclear
area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic content. membrane.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major site for Besides flagella, Pili and Fimbriae are also surface
synthesis of lipid. In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal structures of the bacteria but do not play a role in motility.
hormones are synthesised in SER. Golgi apparatus is the The pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special
important site of formation of glycoproteins and protein. The fimbriae are small bristle like fibres sprouting
glycolipids. out of the cell. In some bacteria, they are known to help
attach the bacteria to rocks in streams and also to the host
tissues.

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

74. The prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and multiply located. It is not enveloped by nuclear membrane. The
more rapidly than the eukaryotic cells. The prokaryotic cells region is also known as incipient nucleus.
are represented by bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma
and PPLO (Pleuro Pneumonia Like Organisms). They may 80. The prokaryotic cells are represented by bacteria, blue-
vary greatly in shape and size. The four basic shapes of green algae, mycoplasma and PPLO (Pleuro Pneumonia
bacteria are bacillus (rod like), coccus (spherical), vibrio Like Organisms). Blue-green algae (BGA) or cyanobacteria
(comma shaped) and spirillum (spiral). are photosynthetic bacteria. Unlike other prokaryotes, BGA
show oxygenic photosynthesis.
75. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are associated with the plasma A special membranous structure is the mesosome which is
membrane of the cell. They are about 15 nm by 20 nm in formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the
size and are made of two subunits - 50S and 30S units cell. In some prokaryotes like cyanobacteria, there are other
which when present together form 70S prokaryotic membranous extensions into the cytoplasm called
ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. chromatophores which contain pigments.
Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form
a chain called polyribosomes or polysome. The ribosomes 81. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins. of A.
Cells that have membrane bound nuclei are called
76. All statements are correct. eukaryotic whereas cells that lack a membrane bound
In prokaryotic cell, membrane bound organelles are nucleus are prokaryotic. Besides the nucleus, the eukaryotic
absent. A special membranous structure is the mesosome cells have other membrane bound distinct structures called
which is formed by the extensions of plasma membrane organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi
into the cell. These extensions are in the form of vesicles, complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, microbodies and
tubules and lamellae. They help in cell wall formation, DNA vacuoles. The prokaryotic cells lack such membrane bound
replication and distribution to daughter cells. They also organelles. Ribosomes are non-membrane bound
help in respiration, secretion processes, to increase the organelles found in all cells – both eukaryotic as well as
surface area of the plasma membrane and enzymatic prokaryotic.
content.
82. Cells differ greatly in size, shape and activities. For
In addition to the genomic DNA (the single
example, Mycoplasmas, the smallest cells, are only 0.3 μm
chromosome/circular DNA), many bacteria have small
in length while bacteria could be 3 to 5 μm. The largest
circular DNA outside the genomic DNA. These smaller DNA isolated single cell is the egg of an ostrich. Among
are called plasmids. The plasmid DNA confers certain multicellular organisms, human red blood cells are about
unique phenotypic characters to such bacteria. One such 7.0 μm in diameter. Nerve cells are some of the longest
character is resistance to antibiotics.
cells.
True sap vacuoles with tonoplast are absent in
prokaryotes. Instead gas vacuoles are present which 83. Schleiden and Schwann together formulated the cell theory.
provide buoyancy to the cell and also help in filtration of In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, examined
harmful radiations. a large number of plants and observed that all plants are
composed of different kinds of cells which form the tissues
77. Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct about bacterial
of the plant.
cells. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are associated with the
At about the same time, Theodore Schwann (1839), a
plasma membrane of the cell. They are about 15 nm by 20
British Zoologist, studied different types of animal cells and
nm in size and are made of two subunits - 50S and 30S reported that cells had a thin outer layer which is today
units which when present together form 70S prokaryotic known as the ‘plasma membrane’. He also concluded,
ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of
In bacterial cells, a special membranous structure called cell wall is a unique character of the plant cells. On the
mesosome is formed by the extensions of plasma basis of this, Schwann proposed the hypothesis that the
membrane into the cell. These extensions are in the form of bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and
vesicles, tubules and lamellae. They help in cell products of cells.
wall formation, DNA replication and distribution to Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed the living cellunder
daughter cells. They also help in respiration, secretion
microscope for first time while Robert Hooke observed the
processes, to increase the surface area of the plasma
dead cork cells and called them 'cellula'. Robert Brown
membrane and enzymatic content.
discovered the nucleus and Rudolf Virchow modified cell
Pili, fimbriae and flagella are surface structures of the theory by stating "Omnis cellula-e-cellula ".
bacteria. Pili and fimbriae do not play a role in motility. The
pili are elongated tubular structures made of a special 84.
protein.
Bacterial flagellum is composed of three parts – filament,
hook and basal body. The filament is the longest portion
and extends from the cell surface to the outside.

78. Inclusion bodies: Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are

stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies.
These are not bound by any membrane system and lie free
in the cytoplasm, e.g., phosphate granules, cyanophycean
granules and glycogen granules. Gas vacuoles are found in
blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria.

79. Nucleoid is the genetic material and the region of 85. Options (A) and (B) are correct.
cytoplasm where the genomic DNA of a prokaryotic cell is

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

Schleiden and Schwann together formulated the cell theory. 128

This theory however, did not explain as to how new cells
were formed. Rudolf Virchow (1855) first explained that 101. A B
cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing mass % 75 25
cells (Omnis cellula-e cellula). He modified the hypothesis 75 25
mole ratio =1 =1
of Schleiden and Schwann to give the cell theory a final 75 25
shape. Cell theory as understood today states that all living
organisms are composed of cells and products of cells Since, the A and B particles are present in the ratio 1:1 in
and all cells arise from pre-existing cells. the compound
86. The intracellular membrane refers to the membranes of the ⇒ Empirical formula of the compound = AB
subcellular organelles. These membrane system inside the 102. Given:
cell provides extensive compartmentalisation of the space
inside the cell. In addition, the organelles have specific number of atoms of element A = 1.2 × 1025
kinds of enzymes and the photosynthetic organelles like number of atoms of element B = 4.8 × 1025
chloroplasts also contain the pigments in addition to number of atoms of element C = 2.4 × 1025
enzymes. Thus, the enzymes and pigments are propertly Hence, the ratio of number of A, B, and C atoms present in
distributed in the specific organelles as per the functional the compound is:
requirement. The transport vesicles inside the cells are
membrane bound vesicles which can transport of variety of A : B : C = 1.2 × 1025 : 4.8 × 1025 : 2.4 × 1025
substances, including excretory materials, to the relevant ⇒ A : B : C = 1.2 : 4.8 : 2.4
⇒ The simplest ratio of number of A, B, and C atoms
locations inside the cell or outside the cell.
present in the compound is:
The function of providing rigidity to the cell to maintain its A:B:C= 1:4:2
shape is performed by cell wall in plants, fungi and
bacteria. In case of animal cells which lack the cell wall, the ⇒ The empirical formula of the compound is AB4 C2 .
cytoplasmic elements like cytoskeleton help in mechanical
103. Statements (a) and (b) are correct, while statement (c) is
support, motility, maintenance of the shape of the cell.
incorrect.
87. In bacteria or prokaryotic cells, the genetic material is It's correct from is as follows: Mass of an atom is very
basically naked, not enveloped by a nuclear membrane and small in magnitude because atoms are extremely small.
is in the form of single chromosome or circular double-
104. Mass of NaOH taken = 8 gm
stranded DNA molecule.
8 1
⇒ Moles of NaOH, n 2 = =
88. Bacterial cells may be motile or non-motile. If motile, they 40 5
have thin filamentous extensions from their cell wall called 18
flagella. Bacteria show a range in the number and ⇒ Moles of water, n 1 (in 18 gm) = = 1
18
arrangement of flagella. Bacterial flagellum is composed of 1
three parts – filament, hook and basal body. The filament
n2 1
is the longest portion and extends from the cell surface to ⇒ Mole fraction = =
5
= = 0.167
the outside. n2 + n1 1 6
+ 1
89. Reference - Page number 133, Cell the unit of life (Old 5
8
NCERT)
40 200
90. Reference - Page numbers 128 and 133, Cell the unit of life, ⇒ Molality of solution = = = 11.11 m
18 18
Old NCERT
1000
91. Reference - Cell the unit of life, Page number 129, Old ⇒ Option (C) is CORRECT.
NCERT

92. Reference - Cell the unit of life, Page number, 124, Old
105. Let mass of (M.W.) compound is M
NCERT
Now, as per give nsituation
93. Reference - Page number - 128, Cell the unit of life, Old 8
NCERT × M = 32 × n
100

94. Refer - Cell the unit of life, Page number 129 (Old NCERT) M = 400 × n

95. Refer - Cell the unit of life, Page number - 134 (old NCERT) Now, for least M.W., n should be = 1
M = 400
96. Inclusion bodies like cyanophycean granules, phosphate
106. CxH yCl
granules and glycogen granules.
% Cl = 3.55
97. Polysome or polyribosome is a single mRNA having 3.55
Weight of Cl = 1 ×
multiple ribosomes and is useful in synthesis of multiple 100
copies of the same protein. 1 × 3.55
n
Cl
− ion = × 6.023 × 1023
98. Cell membrane NCERT(old edition) page number 131 100 × 35.5

= 6.023 × 1020
99. Reference - Cell the unit of life, page number 132 (Old
NCERT) 107. One molecule of urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ) contains 4 H atoms.

100. Reference - Cell the unit of life, Old NCERT, page number - Total mass of the 4 H atoms in a molecule of urea = 4 amu

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

Mass of 1 molecule of urea = M.W. of urea = 60 amu 34 × 20

= = 24.28 g
mass of H atoms 28
Thus, percentage of H in urea = × 100 = 1.42 moles
M. W. of urea

4 115. The given reaction is balanced one:

⇒ Percentage of H = × 100 = 6.67% 4NH 3 (g) + 5O2 (g) ⟶ 4NO(g) + 6H 2 O(l)
60
From the balanced reaction, it can be concluded that
108. 4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2 O3 4 mol of NH 3 reacts with 5 mol O2
nF e nF e 5
1 mol of NH 3 reacts with 4 = 1.25 mole of O2
2
O3
=
4 2
But the amount of O2 taken = 1 mole
16
nF e
2
O3
= = 0.1 ⇒ n F e = 0.2 ⇒ All the O2 will be consumed and O2 is the limiting
160
reagent.
∴ m F e = 11.2 g
The amount of product formed can be calculated with the
help of limiting reagent.
4 4
109. The balanced equation of formation of HCl is given below: ⇒ Moles of NO formed = × 1 =
5 5
H 2 + Cl2 ⟶ 2HCl 6 6
⇒ Moles of H 2 O formed = × 1 =
5 5

⇒ Option (A) is CORRECT.

116. Given, percentage of Oxygen = 40%

Since the compound contains only two elements, M and O.
Thus, percentage of M = 100 - 40 = 60%
Volume of gas at STP M O
We know, the moles of gas = mass % 60 40
22.4 L
40
In the balanced reaction, we can see 1 mole of H 2 reacts 60

with 1 mole of Cl2 mole ratio = 2.5 16

24 =
⇒ Cl2 is a limiting reagent. 2.5

2.5
The stoichiometry of HCl can be related to the 2.5
stoichiometry of the limiting reagent, Cl2 simplest mole = 1 2.5
2.5 =
1 mole of Cl2 gives 2 moles of HCl. 1

⇒ 0.5 moles of Cl2 will give 1 mole of HCl.

Hence, Empirical formula is MO.
⇒ Moles of HCl formed = 1
⇒ Option (A) is CORRECT. 117. 3
4.640 × 10
Moles of Fe3 O4 = = 20
110. Any concentration term that is related to volume is 232
dependent on temperature. 3
2.52 × 10
Mole fraction is not dependent on volume, so it is not Moles of CO = = 90
affected by temperature. 28

So limiting Reagent = Fe3 O4

111. x y
Given [ = ] by equating moles So moles of Fe formed = 60
40 NA

y
Weight of Fe = 60 × 56 = 3360 gms
2x x
Now, = =
80 40 NA 118. 2KClO3 ⟶ 2KCl + 3O2

2 moles 3 moles
Thus, it also contains y atoms
2 mol of KClO3 gives = 3 mol O2
112. Molecular Formula can only be a whole number multiple of 1 mol of KClO3 gives =
3
mol O2
the empirical formula. 2

⇒ Option (B) is CORRECT as n = 1 For Al burning

3 Al2 O 3

113. 1000X 1000 × 0.2

2Al + 2
O2 ⟶ 1mole
m = = = 13.8 3

(1 − X)18 0.8 × 18 As 2
mole of O2 gives 1 mole Al2 O3
∴ 1 mole Al2 O3 formed.
114. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g)
20 g 5 g 119. 2 gm of hydrogen has maximum number of molecules
Ideally 28 g N 2 reacts with 6 g H 2 than others.
6
⇒ 20 g N 2 reacts with × 20 = 4.28 g H2 120. Given mass of organic compound = 120
28 Mass of CO2 (g) obtained after combustion = 330 g
⇒ The limiting reagent is N 2 Mass of H 2 O (ℓ) obtained after combustion = 270 g
∴ Amount of NH 3 formed on reacting 20 g N 2 is,
Applying the POAC on carbon we can say,
Mass of C in organic compound = Mass of C in CO2

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

Mass of carbon = nCO × 12 W

Concentrated HNO3 solution strength = 70% (
2
)
330 W
Mass of carbon = × 12 = 90 g
⇒ 70 gm HNO3 present in 100 gm of solution.
44
90 100
⇒ % of carbon = × 100 = 75% ⇒ 31.5 gm HNO3 present in × 31.5 gm of solution.
120 70
⇒ Amount of concentrated nitric acid solution required =
Applying the POAC on hydrogen we can say, 100
Mass of hydrogen = nH O × 2 2
× 31.5 = 45 gm
70
279
Mass of hydrogen = × 2 = 30 g ⇒ Option (D) is CORRECT.
18
30 126. 8 g sulphur present in = 100 g of organic compound.
⇒ % of hydrogen = × 100 = 25%
100
120
∴ 32 g sulphur present in = × 32 = 400 g of organic
⇒ Option (D) is CORRECT. 8
compound.
121. Molality, Mole fraction and weight percentage are such Hence, minimum molecular weight of compound = 400
relationships which depend on the mass of the solute and g/mol
the solvent or solution present in the solution which do not
vary with change in temperature. 127. The reaction taking place can be represented by the
Hence, these units of concentration are independent of equation:
change in temeperature. CaCl2 + 2Ag+ ⟶ 2AgCl + Ca 2+
Molarity is defined as the moles of solute present in 1 L of From the above euqtion;
the solution. Now, we know that the volume of a substance 1
changes on changing temperature. Thus, the value of moles of CaCl2 needed = × moles of AgCl formed
Molarity of a solution also changes on changing 2

temperature, with the change in volume of the solution. Given, mass of AgCl formed = 143.5 g
mass 14.35
122. Empirical formula wt. = 30 ⇒ moles of AgCl formed = = = 0.1
M. W. 143.5
M. W. 120
1
∴ n = = = 4 ⇒ moles of CaCl2 needed = × 0.1 = 0.05
E mp. wt. 30 2

∴ Mol. formula = (CH2 O) 4 = C4 H8 O4 mass of CaCl2 needed =moles of CaCl2 needed × M.W. of
CaCl2
123. The balanced reaction for combustion is given below: ⇒ mass of CaCl2 needed =0.05 × 111 = 5.55 g
45
C15 H 30 + O2 → 15CO2 + 15H 2 O
2 128. The concerned balanced chemical equation is:
2H 2 + O2 → 2H 2 O
Mass of fuel per litre = 0.756 × 1000 g
From the balanced equation,
Molar mass of fuel = 15 × 12 + 30 × 1 = 210 g mol–
1 mole of oxygen reacts with 2 moles of hydrogen.
0.756 × 1000
⇒ Number of moles of fuel = ⇒ 32 g of oxygen (O2 ) reacts with 4 g of hydrogen (H 2 )
210
Amount of Hydrogen taken = 4 g
45
As 1 mole of fuel requires moles of oxygen for Amount of oxygen taken = 20 g
2 ⇒ O2 will be the limiting reagent and the amount of H 2 O
combustion. will be calculated from O2
⇒ Mass of oxygen required per litre of fuel =
0.756 × 1000 45
1 mole of O2 gives 2 moles of H 2 O
× × 32 = 2592g ⇒ 32 g of O2 gives 2× 18 = 36 g of H 2 O
210 2
36
As 1 mole of fuel gives 15 moles of CO2 after complete ⇒ 20 g of O2 gives × 20 = 22.5 g of H 2 O
32
combustion.
⇒ Mass of CO2 given out per liter of fuel = ⇒ The mass of water formed = 22.5 g
0.756 × 1000
⇒ Option (C) is CORRECT.
× 15 × 44 = 2376 g
210 129. (i) 1 gm = O = 1/16 N A atoms
⇒ Option (C) is CORRECT. 1
(ii) 1/2 gm O2 = × 2 N A atom
124. 3 moles are present in 1 litre solution 32 × 2

3 × 1000 1 1 × 3
Molality = = 2.79 m (iii) gm O3 = N A atom
3 48 × 3
1.25 × 1000 − [3 × 58.5]

130. 19.7 × 10
3

125. Moles of HNO3 present in prepared solution = 2 × 250 × Number of moles of gold = = 100
10–3 197

⇒ Moles of HNO3 present in prepared solution = 0.5 moles ⇒ Number of atoms of gold = 100 × 6.02 × 1023 =
25
Molar mass of HNO3 solution = 63 g mol–1 6.02 × 10

⇒ Amount of HNO3 present in prepared solution = 0.5 × 63 131. The reaction taking place can be represented as follows:
= 31.5 gm
H 2 SO4 + Ca(OH)2 ⟶ CaSO4 + 2H 2 O
moles taken 0.5 0.2

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

The reactant with the smallest ratio of Empirical formula = ABC3

moles taken
is the Limiting reagent. 137. S + O2 → SO2
stoichiometric coefficient

Since stoichiometric coefficient of both reactants is 1, thus 1 mole of O2 gives 1 mole of SO2 gas after combustion.
the one with the lesser number of moles taken is the ⇒ 5 mole of O2 gives 5 mole of SO2 gas after combustion.
limiting reagent. Mass of 5 moles of SO2 gas = 64 × 5 = 320 g

Hence, Ca(OH)2 is the limiting reagent.

138. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
From the given reaction, 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 produces 1
nCaO = nCaCO
mole of CaSO4 . 3

Thus, moles of CaSO4 formed = moles of Ca(OH)2 taken = Since 90% pure sample ⇒ m CaCO
3
= 9 kg

0.2 9000
∴ n CaO = n CaCO = = 90
3
100
132. 2.4 × 10
24

Moles of ammonia = = .40×10 = 4 ∴ m CaO = 90 × 56 g = 5.04 kg

23
6 × 10
Since 1 mole of [Cu(NH 3 )4 ]SO4 contains 4 moles of 139. According to the question,
NH 3 molecules. 100 g of haemoglobin contains 0.34 g of iron
4 0.34
⇒ Moles of [Cu(NH 3 )4 ]SO4 in given sample = = 1 3.3 g of haemoglobin contains × 3.3 g of iron
4 100
0.34 × 3.3 N
133. Gas has the maximum number of moles will have the moles of Fe = =
100 × 56 NA
maximum number of molecules as all the gases are of the 23
same atomicity (diatomic) 0.34 × 3.3 × 6.022 × 10

22.4 L at STP gas = 1 mole N=

100 × 56

Moles of H 2 (g) =
15
= 0.67 mol; moles of N 2 =
5
= = 1.21 × 1020
22.4 22.4
0.223 mol 140. 11.2 14

0.5
= M = 28
22.4 M
Moles of 0.5 g H 2 gas = = 0.25 mol; moles of 10 g O2
2 So, CO, N 2 , C2 H 4 have MM = 28
10
gas = = 0.1325 mol But N 2 O = 34.
32

∴ maximum number of molecules = 15 L of H2 (g) at STP 141. Only C12 H 22 O11 has 42.1% carbon, 6.4% hydrogen & 51.5
percent oxygen.
134. C6 H 12 O6(s) + 6O2(g) ⟶ 6CO2(g) + H 2 O(ℓ)

900 142. Specific gravity have number units becuase it specific

Moles of Glucose taken = = 5 density of substance
180 gravity =
1 mole of glucose reacts with 6 moles of oxygen. density of H O at 4 C
2
o

⇒ 5 moles of glucose reacts with 30 moles of oxygen.

⇒Mass of O2 required = 30 × 32 = 960 gm Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

143.
135. The thermal decomposition of sodium carbonate takes
place above 5000 C according to the following reaction:
Δ

Na 2 CO3 −
→ Na 2 O + CO2
[4 mol of H 2 when reacts with 2 moles O2 produces 4
Molar mass of Na 2 CO3 = 106 g mol–1
moles of H 2 O]
9.85
⇒ Moles of Na 2 CO3 = = 0.093 4 moles of H 2 and 2 moles of O2 are in exact amount, none
106
is the limiting reagent.
In the balanced reaction, we can see,
1 mole of Na 2 CO3 gives 1 mole of CO2 after complete ⇒ Statement I is correct but Statement II is wrong.
decomposition. 144. Given:
⇒ 0.093 moles of Na 2 CO3 gives 0.093 moles of CO2 after The ratio of the mass of H 2 and O2 gas = 1 : 4 (w/w)
complete decomposition.
Let's assume the mass of H 2 gas in the mixture = m gm
1 mole of gas at STP occupies 22.4 L ⇒ Mass of O2 gas in the mixture = 4m gm
⇒ 0.093 moles of CO2 occupies 22.4 × 0.093 = 2.08 L at
STP. Molar mass of H 2 gas = 2 gm mol–1
⇒ Option (A) is CORRECT. Molar mass of O2 gas = 32 gm mol–1
m
136. Moles of H 2 gas in the mixture =
2
4m m
Moles of O2 gas in the mixture = =
32 8
⇒ The molar ratio of the two gases in the mixture =

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

m
SO CXH Y has empirical formula: CH 2
⎛ ⎞
2 3
⎜ ⎟
⎜ m ⎟ for Burning a CH 2 unit; oxygen required is mol
2
⎝ ⎠
3
8
CH 2 + O2 → CO2 + H 2 O
⇒ The molar ratio of the two gases in the mixture = 4 : 1 2
⇒ Option (C) is CORRECT. Empirical formula is 2 × (CH 2 O3/2 ) ⇒ C2 H 4 O3

145. Molality involves masses of the solute and the solvent 151. In case of Screw gauge, least count
which do not change with temperature whereas molarity pitch
involves volume of the solution which changes with =
temperature. Molarity and Molality don’t depend upon number of divisions on circular scale

number of moles of solute particles alone. 1mm

For the given Screw gauge, least count=
146. Given: 50

Mole fraction of water,XH 2

O = 0.85 = 0.020mm

We know that the sum of mole fractions of components of

a mixture = 1 Given, 15th division on circular scale is coinciding with
⇒ Mole fraction of H 2 SO4 ,XH SO + XH O = 1
2 4 2
reference line and zero on main scale is visible. i.e screw
⇒ XH SO = 1 – 0.85 = 0.15 gauge is showing reading equivalent of 15 circular scale
2 4
divisions even when there is no object between the jaws of
Now, the morality of a solution can be related to the mole screw gauge. As this instrument is going to show more
fraction of the solute as follows: reading than actual one, error in the instrument is known
1000 × X solute as zero error.
morality, m =
Xsolvent × M.W.solvent ∴ zero error = +Equivalent of 15 circular scale divisions
where M.W.solvent is expressed in g/mol ⇒ zero error = +15(0.020mm)

Putting the values in the above expression we get: ⇒ zero error = +0.30mm
1000 × 0.15
⇒m=
0.85 × 18 152. The dimensional formula of energy (E) is ML2 T–2 .
⇒ m = 9.80 So, the dimensions of (i) Mass → 1 (ii) Length → 2 (iii) Time
→ –2.
147. Suppose, the number of Fe atoms in a molecule of
haemoglobin = n 153. Given equation is N = N0 e
−λt
.
Then, the total mass of all the Fe atoms in a molecule of Quantity in the exponent should be dimensionless.
haemoglobin = 56 × n
i.e[λ[[T ] = 1
Given, molecular mass of haemoglobin = 67200 amu
Also, percentage of Fe in haemoglobin = 0.33% ⇒ [λ] = [T ]
−1

Thus, percentage of Fe in haemoglobin = 0.33 = 154. L

mass of Fe atoms T = 2π√
× 100 g
M . W . of haemoglobin
L
56 × n ⇒T2 = 4π
2

⇒ 0.33 = × 100 g
67200
Δg ΔL 2ΔT
So,
1
67200 × × 100% = × 100% + × 100%
3 224
g L T
⇒n = = = 4
56 × 100 56
Δg
⇒ Number of Fe atoms per molecule of haemoglobin = 4. × 100% = (α + 2β) × 100
g

148. 11
2FeS2 + O2 → Fe2 O3 + 4SO2 155. trailing zeros after the decimal point are significant as they
2
represent to what excent measurement is cretain. Therefore
1 mole of FeS2 → 2 mole of SO2
significant figures in 3 cm is 1 and 3.00 cm is 3.
⇒ Mass of SO2 produced from 1 mole FeS2 = 2 x 64 = 128
gm
156. Statement I and Statement II are true and Statement II is
149. Matter consists of indivisible atoms.
the correct explanation of Statement I.
Atoms of different elements exhibit different properties and
vary in mass and size. 157. −2
Force MLT
Surface tension = = ⇒ [MT–2 ]
150. Length L

Surface tension = [MT–2 ]

E → [ML2T–2]
V → [LT–1]
T → [T]
Surface tension = [Ea V b Tc]
[MT–2 ] = [ML2 T–2 ]a [LT–1 ]b [T]c
On comparing,

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

a = 1 , 2a + b = 0 [ϕ] = [ML L
2 −2
] → C− I

⇒2+b=0 [p] = [MLT

−1
] → D − II
⇒ b = −2
–2a – b + c = –2 165. N-m → Unit of torque
⇒ –2 + 2 + c = –2 mN → Milli Newton ⇒ 10–3 N (Unit of force)
⇒ c = −2 nm → Nanometer ⇒ 10–9 m (Unit of distance)
Surface tension = [EV –2 T–2 ] N-s → Newton-Sec ⇒ Unit of momentum

158. p = F × t 166. Given density of wood is, ρ = 0.5 gm/cc

p' = 2F × t 10
−3
kg
So, p
′
= 2p ⇒ ρ = 0.5
−6 3
10 m

159. Systematic error is an error that is not determined by 3

⇒ρ= 500 kg/m .
chance but is introduced by an inaccuracy (as of
observation or measurement) inherent in the system. It can 167. There are seven base quantities, given as follows:-
not be reduced by taking more observations. (i) Mass
Random error on the other hand occurs by chance and can (ii) Length
be reduced by taking a large number of observations. (iii) Time
(iv) Current
160. The dimensions of change in velocity are the same as that (v) Amount of substance
of velocity, i.e., M0 LT–1 . (vi) Luminous intensity
(vii) Temperature
161. Since LHS is velocity, on RHS also each term should have
dimensions of velocity. 168. Random errors in experimental measurements are caused
[bt] = V
by unknown and unpredictable factors. The only method of
reducing random errors is by taking more and more
[L][T ]
−1
number of observations.
⇒[b] = : By correcting zero error and by following the proper
[T ]
technique of experimentation, we can reduce systematic
⇒[b] = [L][T ]
−2
. i.e Acceleration errors but not random errors.

√ab = V 169. The total plane angle subtended by a circle at its center is
or 2π rad.
∘
360
2
V
⇒ [a] =
170. Given that potential difference V = (20 ± 1) volt is
b

2 −2
applied across a resistance to ggive a current of
L T
⇒ [a] = I = (2.5 ± 0.5) ampere.
−2
LT
V
⇒ [a] = L i.e Distance According to Ohm's law,R =
I
c
= V 20
t ⇒ R = = 8 Ω
2.5
⇒ [c] = L[T ]
−1
T
ΔR ΔV ΔI

⇒ [c] = L , Distance and = +

R V I

[d] = T , Time ΔR 1 0.05

⇒ = +
8 20 2.5
162. Pascal second
8 0.8
−2
⇒ ΔR = +
F M LT 20 5
−1 −1
t = T = ML T
A L
2
⇒ ΔR = 0.56

∴ Resistance = 8 ± 0.56 Ω
163. Given that, zero of vernier scale lies to the left of zero of
main scale. So, there is negative zero error in the vernier 171. The dimensional formula for energy is the same as the
calipers.
dimensional formula for work which is ML2 T–2 .
th
It is also given that when jaws are in contact, 7 Vsd
c
coincides with a main scale division 172.
The refractive index of a medium is, μ = , where c is the
v
⇒ Negative zero error = (10 – 7) × 0.1 = 0.3 mm
speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in the
Diameter of the cylinder = M.S.D +(L.C X V.S.D) + Negative medium.
zero error. So, it is a ratio of two speeds and is a pure number, hence
⇒ Diameter = 77.0 + 8 × 0.1 + (0.3) dimensionless.
∴ Diameter= 78.1 mm 173. MSR= 1 mm, CSR= 42, Pitch = 1 mm
Pitch 1
164. [h] = [ML T
2 −1
] → A − III LC = = ( ) = 0.01 mm
2 −3 −1 No. of CSD 100
[V s ] = [ML T A ] → B − IV
Diameter = MSR + LC × CSD

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

Diameter = 1 + (0.01) × 42 mm Pitch of the screw gauge is equal to distance travelled by

x screw or circular scale in one circle, on main scale.
Diameter = 1.42 mm = mm According to the given information, pitch of screw gauge is
50
1 mm
∴ x = 71
equal to , i.e 0.5 mm
2
174. Given, Force F = 6πηrv
pitch
From principle of homogeneity, dimensions of L.H.S should Least count =
N o. of divisions on circular scale
be equal to dimensions of R.H.S
0.5
i.e [F ] = [η][r][V ] , as 6π is dimension less quantity. ⇒ Least count = = 0.01 mm
50
[F ]
∴ [η] = Diameter of wire = M.S.R (Pitch) + (C.S.R)(Least count)
[r][V ]
⇒Diameter of wire = 6 × 0.5 + 46 × 0.01 = 3.46 mm
−2
[M ][L][T ]
⇒ [η] = 181. The trailing zeros (zeros right to the last non-zero digit) in a
[L][L][T ]
−1
number with decimal point are significant. So number of
significant figures in 0.310 are 3.
⇒ [η] =[M L
−1
T
−1
]

182. We have to find the area of a sheet of length 10.2 cm and

width 6.8 cm addressed up to the proper number of
175. Light year refers to distance travelled by light in one year. significant figures.
So dimensional formula for light year is same as lenght-
[L] Area = 10.2 × 6.8 = 69.36 cm 2 .
In multiplication or division, the final result should retain as
176. 1 1 many significant figures as are there in the original number
⇒[
2 2 2 −2
= c ] = [c ] = [L T ]
μ0 ε0 μ0 ε0
with the least significant figures.
Here, 6.8 has the minimum number of significant figures,
177. 1 two.
Kinetic energy K = mv
2
So, the final result should also be reported to two
2
significant figures after rounding off.
∴ Maximum possible error in inding kinetic energy is, ⇒ Area = 69 cm 2
ΔK Δm Δv
( ) = + 2 183. 10M 50
K
max
m v 10 M = 11 v ⇒1 v = =
11 11
Δm Δv 50 5
given, = 2%, = 3% Least count = M − v = 5 − =
m v 11 11

ΔK
184. A unitless quantity will have zero dimensions.
⇒( ) = 2% + 2 × 3% = 8%
K
max
185. Given that,
i.e maximum possible error in kinetic energy is equal to 8%. m = 4.237 g
V = 1.72 cm 3
178. The volume of the cube is V = (1.2 cm)3 .
m 4.237
⇒ V=1.728 × 106 cm 3 Density is, d = = = 2.463 g/cm 3
V 1.72
In multiplication or division, the final result should retain as
Now, the measurement must be reported to three
many significant figures as are there in the original number significant figures. This is because V has three significant
with the least significant figures. figures and m has four. The number of significant figures in
Here, the number 1.2 is being multiplied three times and it the final measurement in the case of multiplication
has two significant figures. or division must be equal to the number of significant
So, the final result should also have two significant figures.
figures in the number having the minimum number of
So, the volume of the cube must be reported as, V=1.7 × significant figures (which is three here).
106 cm 3 So, d = 2.46 g/cm 3
179. One main scale division of a vernier callipers is a cm and n
186. Errors that arise due to unpredictable fluctuations in
th
division of the vernier scale coincides with (n– 1) th temperature and voltage supply are random errors.
division of the main scale.
⇒ (n − 1)a = n(a′ ) , where a′ is vernier scale division. 187. Systematic errors in experimental observations usually
(n − 1)a
come from the instruments which are used in measuring.
⇒ a′ =
So, zero error is recognized as the systematic error.
n
The least count of an instrument = 1 M.S.D – 1 V.S.D 188. As per convetion, following quantitiess are considered as
⇒ Least count = a − a′ fundamental quatities.
(n − 1)a a • Mass • Length •Time •Electric Current
⇒ Least count = a − = cm • Luminous Intensity • Temperature • Amount of
n n
10a substance
⇒ Least count = mm Charge can be derived from fundamental quantities
n
electric current and time. Therefore, charge is a derived
180. Given, M.S.R = 6, C.S.R = 46 quantity.

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad

 Solutions to CT1 NEET(Yakeen)

189. B − x
2
24 24 1
E = ⇒ [B] = L
2
1VSD = MSD = × cm
At 25 25 20
2 1 24
L
∴ Least count = (1 − ) cm
And, [A] =
20 25
[Et]
1 1 1
2
L = × = cm
⇒ [A] = 20 25 500
= 0.002 cm
2 −1
ML T

⇒ [A] = M
−1
T
−1 2
194. Plane angle is a dimensionless quantity but has unit.
∴ [AB] = M L T

195. Upon heating, the length of the side of a cube changes by

190. Given that the screw on a screw gauge is rotated six 2% . We have to find the percentage change in its volume.
rotations and correspondingly it moves by 3 mm on the
main scale. Let the side of the cube be l and the volume be V.
We know that, pitch of the screw = Now, V = l3 .
Distance moved by the screw ⇒ ln V = 3 ln l
dV 3dl
no.of full rotations ⇒ =
V l
3
⇒ Pitch = = 0.5 mm For very small changes, we can write this as,
6 ΔV Δl
= 3( ) .
No.of divisions on the circular scale = 50. V l
We know that, Least count = ΔV Δl
pitch ⇒ × 100 = 3 ( × 100)
V l
Total no.of division in circular scale
So, the perecentage change in volume is, 3(2) = 6% .
0.5 mm 1
⇒ Least count = = mm
50 100
196. Statement I and Statement II are true and Statement II is
⇒ Least count = 0.01 mm = 0.001 cm the correct explanation of Statement I.
191. E = I2 Rt 197. Displacement
H
ΔE 2ΔI ΔR Δt
Displacement gradient = ⇒
Length
× 100 = × 100 + × 100 + × 100
E I R t Dimensionless
= 2×2+1+3= 8 But displacement is not dimensionless.
192. Given that force [F], acceleration [A] and time [T] 198. Numerical value × Unit = constant
are chosen as the fundamental physical quantities. We
have to find the dimensions of energy. 199. Vernier Constant = MSD – VSD
b N
Let Energy, E = kFa A Tc, where k is a dimensionless = MSD − MSD
constant. N + 1

Let us denote the dimensions of a physical quantity by [ ]. 1

The dimensions on both sides must be equal. = (MSD)
N + 1
b
So, we get, [E] a
= [F ][A ][T ]
c
. 1
⇒ ML
2
T
−2
= (MLT
−2 a
) (LT
−2
)
b
T
c
= (0.01) cm
N + 1
⇒a= 1; a + b = 2 and −2 = −2a − 2b + c
1
⇒a= 1; b = 1 and c = 2
= cm
1
⇒E = kF A T
1 2
100(N + 1)

193. 1
1 MSD = cm
20 200. The rightmost digit is the uncertain digit in the
measurement.
So, the answer is 8.

PW Vidyapeeth: Madhapur, Kukatpally-Hyderabad