INTRODUCTION.

Secondly, we will write the developed inventions in the United Kingdom or also
patented in this. The inventions in engineering have been of much importance por
the evolution of man and have provided us with many things from inside
businesses or just as simply of how we live our lives daily. In engineering, it is
always trying to innovate, and the of having new things that facilitate our lives more
or the doing of things inside the industry in a matter less risky for the operators, in
the new development of technology, currently in the efficient use and productivity of
the resource, it is something that as an engineer we transform the knowledge to
something practical. Some of the inventions in the United Kingdom have been
patented and have been of great utility throughout the development industry and
that of communications.

What has helped abundantly the textile industries was the sewing machine patent,
which without a doubt has helped us in this industry, on the other hand, and without
a doubt a very important part currently is the patent of the analytical computer
which has connected us currently with the whole world. So it will be explained to
them immediately in a matter more complete he who developed each invention and
what is the importance of this currently, to conclude after with our opinion about
these inventions and he who it seemed to us or what we believe to be more useful
in its time and how (repercute) nowadays.
  The sewing machine:

A sewing machine is a machine used to sew fabric and materials together

with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial
Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing
companies. Since the invention of the first sewing machine, generally considered
to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine
has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.

Home sewing machines are designed for one person to sew individual items while
using a single stitch type at a time. In a modern sewing machine, the process of
stitching has been automated, so that the fabric easily glides in and out of the
machine. Early sewing machines were powered by either constantly turning
a flywheel handle or with a foot-operated treadle mechanism. Electrically-powered
machines were later introduced. Industrial sewing machines, by contrast to
domestic machines, are larger, faster, and more varied in their size, cost,
appearance, and tasks.

In 1790, the English inventor Thomas Saint invented the first sewing machine
design. His machine was meant to be used on leather and canvas material. It is
likely that Saint had a working model but there is no evidence of one; he was a
skilled cabinet maker and his device included many practically functional features:
an overhanging arm, a feed mechanism (adequate for short lengths of leather), a
vertical needle bar, and a looper. Saint created the machine to overall reduce the
amount of hand-stitching on garments, making sewing more reliable and functional.
His sewing machine used the chain stitch method, in which the machine uses a
single thread to make simple stitches in the fabric. A stitching awl would pierce the
material and a forked point rod would carry the thread through the hole where it
would be hooked underneath and moved to the next stitching place, where the
cycle would be repeated, locking the stitch. Saint's machine was designed to aid in
the manufacturing of various leather goods, including saddles and bridles, but it
was also capable of working with canvas, and was used for sewing ship sails.

Although his machine was very advanced for the era, the concept would need
steady improvement over the coming decades before it could become a practical
proposition. In 1874, a sewing machine manufacturer, William Newton Wilson,
found Saint's drawings in the UK Patent Office, made adjustments to the looper,
and built a working machine, currently owned by the Science Museum in London.

In 1804, a sewing machine was built by English men Thomas Stone and James
Henderson, and a machine for embroidering was constructed by John Duncan in
Scotland. An Austrian tailor, Josef Madersperger, began developing his first sewing
machine in 1807 and presented his first working machine in 1814. Having received
financial support from his government, the Austrian tailor worked on the
development of his machine until 1839, when he built a machine imitating the
weaving process using the chain stitch.

What 's it used for? Thanks to the sewing machine it makes more easier to craft
clothes, in that case the productivity at the companies which are related to are
more effective and can complete the task of creating outfits in no time.
  Telephone:

Alexander Graham Bell is often credited with being the inventor of the telephone
since he was awarded the first successful patent. There is a controversy
surrounding the invention of the telephone. There have been court cases, books,
and articles generated about the subject. Of course, Alexander Graham Bell is the
father of the telephone. After all it was his design that was first patented, however,
he was not the first inventor to come up with the idea of a telephone.

What 's it used for? The telephone can transmit the human voice over a large
distance; therefore, it helps with communication without being too close. For
example, in some companies they use the telephone to communicate with their
clients to provide the services they are haven.

This past March 7 marks 145 years since Alexander Graham Bell patented the
telephone in 1876, referred to as a device that transmitted sounds over a cable
through electrical signals. Bell was long considered the inventor of the telephone,
along with Elisha Gray.
How to communicate with the photophone?

Bell's telephone achieved communication in the following way: sound waves hitting
the transmitter produced an electric current by moving a diaphragm connected to
coils of wire. The current could vary according to each sound and was transported
by cable to the receiver, where it moved a diaphragm in sync with the transmitter. It
could be compared to a child's tin can telephone, differentiating it in that the
vibrations were converted into electricity and vice versa.

The photophone worked in a similar way, except that the signal was sent through
light rays and not wires. The intensity of the light varied according to the sounds
hitting the transmitter.

The light focused on a selenium plate located in the receiver, which increased
electrical flow as the light intensified, becoming brighter. This current then drove
the diaphragm of the receiver, producing the original sound.

Thus, the photophone was born, Bell heard how the electrical conductivity of
selenium varies with its exposure to light, a few years later the telephone was
invented. He was instantly impressed by the intriguing possibilities this provided for
wireless telephony.

 Refrigerator:

In 1755, Scottish professor William Cullen conceptualized a

small refrigerating machine. But it was only in 1856 when
British journalist developed the first practical vapor
compression refrigeration system. He introduced this patent
to meat processing houses and breweries. Today 99% of
households have a refrigerator. In fact, over 100 million
refrigerators are sold annually.
What 's it used for?: The refrigerator allows the modern family to keep food fresh
for longer than before.

The most notable improvement is for meat and other highly perishable wares,
which needed to be refined to gain anything resembling shelf life. Refrigeration in
transit makes it possible to enjoy food from distant places. Because of the
introduction of new energy efficiency standards, refrigerators made today are much
more efficient than those made in the 1930s; they consume the same amount of
energy while being three times as large The development of the modern
refrigerator was a gradual process involving several inventors and scientists over
time. While William Cullen created the first refrigerator in 1748 in Scotland, it was
Jacob Perkins, a British inventor, who made significant advancements in the
design and efficiency of the refrigerator in early 19th century England.

Perkins patented an improved refrigerator design in 1834, which used liquid

evaporation to cool the interior. His work laid the groundwork for modern
refrigerators. However, it was only in the late 19th century that refrigerators began
to be mass-produced and became more accessible to the general public. The
contributions of Perkins and other pioneers in this field have been fundamental to
the comfort and preservation of food in modern life.

 TV

Television was invented by John Logie Baird in 1923 in Hastings, England. The
images, which were initially dotted and flickering, were developed by Baird. In the
early 1930s, television began to be sold as electronic products and began to attract
a wide audience. Although the widespread use of television today is gradually
being replaced by the computer and the Internet, television is the most important
invention of the 20th and 21st centuries.
What 's it used for? Although the television is commonly used in the house to
watch your favorite programs, it has other purposes. It's important that in some
companies their goods have to be protected, so they use the television to watch
through the security cameras that are connected. Also they can be used to do
presentations in the meeting room to show graphics about how’s it going their
business.

John Logie Baird (1888-1946) was a Scottish electrical engineer, who managed to
develop the world's first live television transmission system, publicly presented on
January 26, 1926 at a session of the Royal Institution, the most traditional entity.
scientist from the United Kingdom. During the previous three years, Baird
experimented with few resources how to transmit images over a distance using a
scanning disk, achieving his goal on October 2, 1925 by communicating between
rooms in his laboratory.

By 1928, Baird also achieved the first transoceanic transmission (from London to
New York) and the first color transmission. Until 1936, his technicians had installed
television stations in France, Germany and the Soviet Union.

However, that same year the BBC decided to promote

the cathode ray system developed by Marconi's
company, with better image quality, which prevailed in
the television industry during the rest of the 20th
century, relegating the pioneering invention. by Baird.

 Stainless Steel:

Discovered by Harry Brearley, an English metallurgist in 1913 while trying to solve

the problem of erosion in gun barrels for the British army during World War I,
Brearley discovered what he called “rustless” steel. He added chromium to molten
iron, resulting in a metal that did not rust. This breakthrough marked the birth of
stainless steel, which has since revolutionized modern life and found applications
in various sectors, from healthcare to construction due to Its exceptional properties
like corrosion resistance, heat tolerance, and durability.

Types of Stainless Steel

⦁ Austenitic stainless steels (e.g., 304, 316) are highly corrosion-resistant and
ductile.

⦁ Ferritic stainless steels (e.g., 430) are magnetic and resistant to stress corrosion.

⦁ Martensitic stainless steels (e.g., 410, 420) are hard and strong.

⦁ Duplex stainless steels combine features of both austenitic and ferritic types.

Stainless steel is widely used in surgical instruments, cutlery, turbine blades, and
architectural cladding due to its strength, flexibility and resistance to corrosion and
commonly used in modern construction. Stainless steel is ideal for a hygienic
environment due to its easily sterilized and resistant to corrosion. Stainless steel is
100% recyclable reducing environmental impact, it contributes to a circular
economy by being reused in new products.

Some challenges are cost and surface finish, stainless steel production can be
expensive due to alloying elements and achieving desired surface finishes can be
hard to obtain.

Stainless steel in Mexico

In Mexico, stainless steel plays a crucial role across various industries. Here are
some ways it is utilized:

Manufacturing and Industry:

 Automotive: Stainless steel is used for components like exhaust systems,

body parts, and engine components.
 Medical Devices: Its biocompatibility makes it ideal for surgical instruments
and implants.
  Construction: Stainless steel is used in bridges, buildings, and infrastructure.
 Food Processing: Hygienic containers, kitchen utensils, and equipment.

Stainless Steel Plants in Mexico:

 Outokumpu Mexinox: Located in San Luis Potosí, it produces coil, strip,

sheets, circles, and plate materials. Mexinox supplies high-quality austenitic
and ferritic stainless steel throughout the Americas.
 Aceros y Perfiles Elizondo: A manufacturer and supplier of structural steel
products for the metal-mechanical industry
 Venlaminox: Offers stainless steel products and services in Monterrey,
Nuevo León.
 Steel Complements S.A de C.V: Manufactures metal systems for industrial
buildings, providing comfort, safety, and lighting.

Local Applications:

 General Applications: Stainless steel is used for automotive moldings,

windshield wipers, screws, window and door trim, and various formed
sections.
 Beautifully Formable: It is widely used in light- and medium-gauge materials
 Sustainability and Recycling:
 Stainless steel is 100% recyclable, contributing to a circular economy.

In 2016, Mexinox won the International Stainless Steel Forum’s Sustainability

Award for its water recycling program

Overall, stainless steel enhances Mexico’s industrial processes, infrastructure, and

everyday life, thanks to its durability, corrosion resistance, and versatility.

CONCLUSION

The history of humanity is marked by a series of advancements and inventions that

have radically transformed the way we live, work, and relate to one another. In this
regard, Great Britain has played a crucial role over the centuries, contributing a
wide range of innovations that have had a significant impact worldwide. From the
Industrial Revolution to the modern era, British inventions have shaped our society
in unimaginable ways, leaving a lasting legacy in fields ranging from science and
technology to medicine and culture.

One of the most influential inventions that Britain has contributed to the world is the
steam engine, developed during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.
This innovation, pioneered by British engineers such as James Watt, completely
transformed the manufacturing industry, enabling the mechanization of processes
once done manually and triggering a period of rapid economic growth and
urbanization unprecedented. The steam engine not only revolutionized industrial
production but also laid the groundwork for the development of railways,
steamships, and other forms of transportation that connected the world in ways
never before seen.

Another British invention that has left an indelible mark on history is the telegraph,
developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke in the
1830s. This groundbreaking device allowed instant long-distance communication
through electrical signals, paving the way for the development of more advanced
telecommunications systems such as the telephone and email. The invention of the
telegraph not only transformed the way we communicate but also played a crucial
role in expanding business and commerce on a global scale, facilitating the rapid
transmission of information and news across continents.

Furthermore, Britain has been a pioneer in fields such as medicine, with significant
contributions that have saved millions of lives worldwide. One of the most
significant advances in this regard is penicillin, discovered by Scottish scientist Sir
Alexander Fleming in 1928.

This revolutionary antibiotic has been instrumental in the fight against bacterial
infections and has been used to treat a wide range of diseases, from common
infections to serious illnesses such as pneumonia and septicemia. The discovery of
penicillin marked the beginning of the antibiotic era and has saved countless lives
since then.
In addition to these examples, Great Britain has contributed a wide range of
inventions in fields as diverse as computing (with the invention of the first
programmable computer by Charles Babbage), energy (with the development of
nuclear energy by Sir Ernest Rutherford), and entertainment (with the invention of
the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell). Together, these British inventions have
had a profound and lasting impact on every aspect of our daily lives, from how we
communicate and travel to how we treat diseases and entertain ourselves.

In conclusion, the various inventions that Great Britain has contributed to the world
have been fundamental in shaping modern society and have improved the lives of
millions of people worldwide. From the Industrial Revolution to the era of modern
technology, the innovative spirit of the British has led to a series of advancements
that have radically transformed our world and continue to inspire future generations
to seek creative solutions to the challenges of tomorrow.