Class 10 Chapter 11...

Class x cw.
Chapter 11
. The human eye and colourful world
.1. What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye?
Answer-
The ability of the lens of the eye to adjust its focal length to clearly focus rays coming from distant as
well from a near objects on the retina, is known as the power of accommodation of the eye.
2. A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What should be the type of
corrective lens used to restore proper vision?
Answer-
An individual with a myopic eye should use a concave lens of suitable focal length so that he or she
can restore proper vision.
3. What is the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision?
Answer-
The minimum distance of the object from the eye, which can be seen distinctly without strain is
called the near point of the eye. For a normal person’s eye, this distance is 25 cm.
The far point of the eye is the maximum distance to which the eye can see objects clearly. The far
point of a normal person’s eye is infinity.
4. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect
the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?
Answer-
The student is suffering from short-sightedness or myopia. Myopia can be corrected by the use of
concave or diverging lens of an appropriate power.
5. A person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near
vision he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting
(i) distant vision, and (ii) near vision?
Answer-
The power (P) of a lens of focal length f is given by the relation
Power (P) = 1/f

f=1/power
(i) Power of the lens (used for correcting distant vision) = – 5.5 D
Focal length of the lens (f) = 1/P
f = 1/-5.5
f = -0.181 m or -18cm.
The focal length of the lens (for correcting distant vision) is – 0.181 m or -18cm(concave lens)
(ii) Power of the lens (used for correcting near vision) = +1.5 D
Focal length of the required lens (f) = 1/P
f = 1/1.5 = +0.667 m
The focal length of the lens (for correcting near vision) is 0.667 m.or -67cm.(convex lens)
6. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens
required to correct the problem?
Answer-
For correcting myopia, concave lens is required.The image of a distant object should be formed at 80
cm by concave lens.
Object distance (u) = infinity = ∞
Image distance (v) = – 80 cm
Focal length = f
7. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1
m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the
normal eye is 25 cm.
Ans. Hypermetropia is corrected by convex lens
The ray diagram is as shown below.

8. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?
Answer-
A normal eye is not able to see the objects placed closer than 25 cm clearly because the ciliary
muscles of the eyes are unable to contract beyond a certain limit.
9. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the
eye?
Answer-
The image is formed on the retina even on increasing the distance of an object from the eye. The
eye lens becomes thinner and its focal length increases as the object is moved away from the eye.
10.Why do stars twinkle ?
Answer:
Stars appear to twinkle due to atmospheric refraction. The light of star after the entry of light in earth’s
atmosphere undergoes refraction continuously till it reaches the surface of the earth. Stars are far away.
So, they are the point source of light. As the path of light coming from stars keep changing, thus the
apparent position of stars keep changing and amount of light from stars entering the eye keeps
twinkling. Due to which a star sometimes appear bright and sometimes dim, which is the effect of
twinkling.
11.Explain why the planets do not twinkle ?
Answer:
The planets are much nearer to the earth than stars and because of this they can be considered as large
source of light. If a planet is considered to be a collection of a very large number of point sources of
light, then the average value of change in the amount of light entering the eye from all point size light
sources is zero. Due to this the effect of twinkling is nullified.
12.Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning ?
Answer:
The light coming from the sun passes through various denser layers of air in the earth’s atmosphere
before reaching our eyes near the horizon. Most of the part of blue light and light of small wavelength
gets scattered by dust particles near the horizon. So, the light reaching our eyes is of large wavelength.
Due to this the sun appears reddish at the time of sunrise and sunset.
13.Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut ?
Answer:
As an astronaut moves away from the atmosphere of earth, the atmosphere becomes thin. Due to
the absence of molecules (or dust particles) in air, the scattering of light does not take place. Thus, sky
appears dark in the absence of scattering.

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Class x cw.

. The human eye and colourful world

.1. What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye?

The power (P) of a lens of focal length f is given by the relation

Power (P) = 1/f

Focal length of the lens (f) = 1/P

Focal length of the required lens (f) = 1/P

Object distance (u) = infinity = ∞

Image distance (v) = – 80 cm

Ans. Hypermetropia is corrected by convex lens

The ray diagram is as shown below.

10.Why do stars twinkle ?

11.Explain why the planets do not twinkle ?

12.Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning ?

13.Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut ?

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