Parbati Devi Chand Structural Report
Parbati Devi Chand Structural Report
Parbati Devi Chand Structural Report
i
Contents
List of Figures ............................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ................................................................................................ iv
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 An Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design ...................................................................... 1
1.2 Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy............................................................................... 2
2 Description of the Building.................................................................... 4
2.1 Building Description .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Location of Building .............................................................................................................. 5
3 Numerical modeling ............................................................................... 5
4 Structural analysis ................................................................................. 9
4.1 Load cases considered ............................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Load combination ................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Mass Source ........................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 Dead loads .............................................................................................................................. 9
4.5 Live load ............................................................................................................................... 11
4.6 Seismic Loading ................................................................................................................... 12
4.7 Story Drift and displacement Calculations........................................................................... 13
4.8 Modal analysis and modal mass participation...................................................................... 16
4.9 Base Shear and Seismic weight ............................................................................................ 17
4.10 Analysis of Internal Forces Developed in Frames............................................................ 17
5 Design .................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Column design summary...................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Beam Design Summary........................................................................................................ 23
5.3 Slab and staircase Design Summary ................................................................................... 30
5.4 Foundation Design Summary ............................................................................................... 30
6 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 31
7 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 31
ANNEXES.................................................................................................... 32
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 32
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS ..................................................................... 33
SAMPLE BEAM DESIGN BY ETABS .................................................................................... 33
SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN ................................................................................................... 34
SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 36
SAMPLE FOOTING DESIGN.................................................................................................. 39
SAMPLE STAIRCASE DESIGN ........................................................................................... 41
ii
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 : Ground floor Plan of Building .......................................................................................... 4
Figure 2-2 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas ........................................................................................... 5
Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in ETABS ............................................................................................ 6
Figure 3-2 : 1st/2nd Floor plan modeled in ETABS ............................................................................... 6
Figure 3-3 : 3rd Floor plan modeled in ETABS ................................................................................... 7
Figure 3-4 : 4th Floor plan modeled in ETABS .................................................................................. 7
Figure 3-5 :Top Floor Level plan modeled in ETABS ...................................................................... 8
Figure 3-6 : Typical Elevation on grid 2-2 .......................................................................................... 8
Figure 3-7 : Typical Elevation on grid B-B .......................................................................................... 8
Figure 4-1 : Wall load ......................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4-2 : Floor finish load .............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 4-3 : Staircase dead load .......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4-4 : Live load ......................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4-5 : Terrace live load.............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 4-6 : Staircase live load .......................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4-7 : Drift ratio in Eqx Service loading ................................................................................... 13
Figure 4-8 : Drift ratio in Eqy service loading ................................................................................... 14
Figure 4-9 : Drift ratio in Eqx ultimate loading ................................................................................ 14
Figure 4-10 : Drift ratio in Eqy ultimate loading ................................................................................ 15
Figure 4-11 : Displacement in Eqx Service loading ........................................................................... 15
Figure 4-12 : Displacement in Eqy service loading ............................................................................ 16
Figure 4-13 : Sample Bending Moment Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL ............. 18
Figure 4-14 : Sample Shear force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2 -1.2DL+1.5LL) .................... 18
Figure 4-15 : Sample Axial force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL ....................... 18
Figure 5-1 : Rebar of column in Grid A ............................................................................................. 19
Figure 5-2 : Rebar of column in Grid B .............................................................................................. 20
Figure 5-3 : Rebar of column in Grid C .............................................................................................. 20
Figure 5-4 : Rebar of column in Grid D ............................................................................................. 21
Figure 5-5 : Rebar of beam in 1st Floor.............................................................................................. 23
Figure 5-6 : Rebar of beam in 2nd Floor ........................................................................................... 23
Figure 5-7 : Rebar of beam in third Floor ........................................................................................... 23
Figure 5-8 : Rebar of beam in Fourth floor Level ............................................................................. 24
Figure 5-9 : Rebar of beam in Fifth floor Level ................................................................................ 24
Figure 5-10 : Base reaction for footing design ................................................................................... 30
iii
List of Tables
Table 2-1 : Building Description .......................................................................................................... 4
Table 4-1 : Mass source ........................................................................................................................ 9
Table 4-2 : Dead loads unit weight ....................................................................................................... 9
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied ............................................................................................................. 10
Table 4-4 : Live load applied .............................................................................................................. 11
Table 4-5 : Seismic Coefficient Calculation as per NBC 105:2020 ................................................... 12
Table 4-6 : Modal mass Participation ratio from ETABS .................................................................. 16
Table 4-7 : Base Shear of structure ..................................................................................................... 17
Table 5-1 : Column Design Summary ................................................................................................ 21
Table 5-2 : Beam Design Summary .................................................................................................... 25
Table 5-3 : Footing Design Summary................................................................................................. 30
iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report focuses on structural design of residential building located at Lalitpur. It summarizes
design assumption, methodology and follows up of codes and standards for the building with proper
consideration of the earthquake resistant design criteria following the Nepal National Building Code
NBC 105:2020.
The primary objective of the project is to analyze and design the structural elements of the buildings
based on NBC standards. The seismic coefficient method is adopted to analyze the earthquake
response of the building.
Finite element analysis showed that the anticipated performance of the buildings subjected to the
design earthquake meets NBC code seismic hazard level requirement for building. The building
response for drift, displacement is also calculated.
The structure is designed to complying the guidelines and the NBC standards.
Story drifts are within the acceptable limits under DBE level earthquakes.
** The structural design is carried on the architectural drawing provided. This report solely emphases and confines itself
to technical aspects of the structure and does not comment on other aspects of the structure.
v
1 Introduction
1.1 An Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design
Nepal lies in an earthquake prone zone. It is located in the boundary between Indian plate and Tibetan
plate. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. Earthquakes are the most sudden, dramatic and
devastating natural calamities. Although they last only for few seconds to minutes, they are the most
devastating ones. Past records of the earthquake show that eighteen major earthquakes have hit Nepal
till now. So, special consideration of earthquake forces while designing a building is mandatory in
Nepal.
Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building
earthquake-proof. Although earthquake proof structures may be viable in terms of engineering but
they are not financially viable. However, it is possible to design and build earthquake-resilient (more
precisely seismic resilient) structures. According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe
earthquake occurs, the building won’t collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this
background, it is ensured that this building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads
including the earthquake forces making it seismic resistant.
The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of a building, equally important, is its
construction. The role of a contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at site. He is required to execute the work according to drawings supplied by the
consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of the
building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown that
quality of material and workmanship play an important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings.
Hence, quality assurance of construction works is the key to good seismic performance of a building.
Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be minor, moderate and
strong. Relatively, minor shakings occur frequently, moderate shakings occasionally and strong
shakings rarely. For instance, on average annually about 800 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0-5.9 on
Richter scale occur in the world while the number is only about 19 for magnitude of range 7.0-7.9 on
Richter scale. So, should we design and construct a building to resist that rare earthquake shaking that
may come only once in 500 years or even once in 2000 years at the chosen project site, even though
the life of the building itself may be only 50 or 100 years? Since it costs money to provide additional
1
earthquake safety in buildings, a conflict arises: Should we do away with the design of buildings for
earthquake effects? Or should we design the buildings to be “earthquake proof” wherein there is no
damage during the strong but rare earthquake shaking? Clearly, the former approach can lead to a
major disaster, and the second approach is too expensive. Hence, the design philosophy should lie
somewhere in between these two extremes.
The engineers do not attempt to make earthquake proof buildings that will not get damaged even
during the rare but strong earthquakes; such buildings will be too robust and also too expensive.
Instead, the engineering intention is to make buildings earthquake resistant and affordable; such
buildings resist the effects of ground shaking, although they may get damaged severely but would not
collapse during the strong earthquake. Thus, safety of people and contents is assured in earthquake-
resistant buildings, and thereby a disaster is avoided. This is a major objective of seismic design codes
throughout the world.
a) Under minor shakings which occur frequently, the main members of the buildings that carry vertical
and lateral forces should not be damaged; however non-structural parts may sustain repairable
damages. It is assured that the building will be fully operational within a short time and the repair costs
will be small
b) Under moderate shakings which are occasional, the structural elements may sustain repairable
damage, while the non-structural elements may be heavily damaged; the building will be operational
followed by repair and re-strengthening of the damaged structural elements and replacing of damaged
non-structural elements.
c) Under strong shakings which are rare, the main members may sustain severe damage, but the
building should not collapse; the building may become dysfunctional for further use, but will stand so
that people can be evacuated and property recovered.
The degree to which the building is to be assured against the possibility of damage must be considered
while designing the building. Important buildings like hospitals, health posts, fire stations, post offices
communication towers, electric power houses which play a critical role in post-earthquake activities
must remain functional immediately after the earthquake and hence require higher degree of assurance
2
against possible damage. Public buildings, educational buildings, busy commercial complex etc.
where the risk of human loss is high and some critical structures like nuclear power plants, dams, etc.
whose collapse may cause secondary disasters are also designed to assure higher level of safety against
earthquakes. Other buildings like residential buildings, offices, mercantile buildings etc. are designed
for lower level of safety, while the design philosophy mentioned above is always maintained.
However, the level of safety to be assured in the design may also depend upon the demand of the
client.
Design of buildings to resist earthquakes involves controlling the damage to acceptable levels at a
reasonable cost. Contrary to the common thinking that any crack in the building after an earthquake
means the building is unsafe for habitation, some damage in non-structural elements may be
unavoidable. Different types of damages (mainly visualized through cracks; especially so in concrete
and masonry buildings) may occur in buildings during earthquakes. Some of these cracks are
acceptable (in terms of both their size and location), while others are not. In general, qualified technical
professionals may only be knowledgeable of the causes and severity of damage in earthquake-resistant
buildings.
3
2 Description of the Building
2.1 Building Description
The building to be analyzed and designed here is a four and half story residential to be constructed
on behalf of Mrs Parbati Devi Chand The proposed site is located at lalitpur district. The ground
floor plan of the building is presented below in Figure 2-1. The building description is presented in
Table 2-1: Building Description.
3 Numerical modeling
A three dimensional finite element model of the whole structural system is created in ETABS.v18.
The structural system is considered as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Main components
to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. Beams and columns are modeled as frame elements
while slabs are modeled as four-noded shell elements. The support condition at the base is idealized
as a fixed support and hence any moment release at the base of columns is neglected. The moment
release at the beam/column joints is also neglected. Self-weight of the parapet wall is applied onto the
beams in the form of uniformly distributed loads. The inner partition wall load is applied by creating
null beam as positioned in architectural drawing.
5
Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in ETABS
6
Figure 3-3 : 3rd Floor plan modeled in ETABS
7
Figure 3-5 :Top Floor Level plan modeled in ETABS
8
4 Structural analysis
For the purpose of structural analysis various Nepal Standard Code and Indian Standard codes are
followed for loadings, load combinations and other analysis procedures.
I. 1.2DL±1.5LL
II. DL+0.3LL+0.6SLL±EQx
III. DL+0.3LL+0.6SLL±EQy
9
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied
9” wall 12.67 KN/m
9” wall with opening 9.51 KN/m
5” wall 6.34 KN/m
Parapet wall load 2.2 KN/m
Floor finish 1.25 KN/m2
Staircase dead load on supporting beam 10.168 KN/m
10
Figure 4-3 : Staircase dead load
Period of vibration
se
0.75
For reinforcement moment resisting frame T1=1.25k1h 0.691 c
se
Lower period of flat part of spectrum(Ta) 0.5 c
se
Upper period of flat part of spectrum(Tc) 2 c
se
Peak spectral acceleration normalized by PGA(α) 2.25 c
Coefficient that controls the descending branch of the
spectrum 0.8
12
Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor (Ch (T))
Ch (T) 2.25
Elastic site spectra for horizontal loadingC (T) =Ch(T) Z I 0.788
13
Maximum story drift due to service seismic load along x: 0.0049
Maximum allowable drift ratio in Serviceability Limit State is 0.006 as per NBC 105 2020
14
Figure 4-10 : Drift ratio in Eqy ultimate loading
Maximum story drift due to Ultimate seismic load along y: 0.0050x4=0.02
Maximum allowable drift ratio in Ultimate Limit State is 0.025 as per NBC 105 2020
15
Figure 4-12 : Displacement in Eqy service loading
Name Ecc Ratio Top Story Bottom Story C K Weight Used Base Shear
kN kN
0.126 699.137
Story5 1.1 5548.7062
eqx SLS 0.1 Base
Base 726.8805
Story5 1.1 5548.7062
0.131
eqx ULS 0.1
Base 0.126 699.137
Story5 1.1 5548.7062
eqy SLS 0.1
Base 0.131 726.8805
Story5 1.1 5548.7062
eqy ULS 0.1
17
Figure 4-13 : Sample Bending Moment Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL
Figure 4-14 : Sample Shear force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2 -1.2DL+1.5LL)
Figure 4-15 : Sample Axial force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL
5 Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material properties (grade
of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and amount of steel required.
The design of reinforced concrete members is carried out using limit state method as per IS 456: 2000.
18
The limit state method is the modern and latest design methodology. This method evolved around
1970’s. Limit state method is based on the concept of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide
adequate safety at the ultimate loads and adequate serviceability at service loads. For the design of the
members, IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have been checked for vertical
loads due to dead load and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of
view that reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for
more rigidity of building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal
reinforcement in beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination. Spacing
of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -
1993. Some sample designs are shown later on in this report.
Beams and columns have been designed using ETABS while slab, staircase and foundations are
designed manually. Samples of manual design calculation of critical slab, footings and staircase are
shown in this report in ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS. The structural design of
sections and reinforcements are presented in the drawing.
19
Figure 5-2 : Rebar of column in Grid B
20
Figure 5-4 : Rebar of column in Grid D
21
2nd 1405 4 16 4 16 1607.68
3rd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1437 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 1482 4 20 4 16 2059.84
2nd 1368 4 16 4 16 1607.68
C1-16"x16" B2 3rd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
5th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 2729 4 25 4 20 3218.5
2nd 2553 4 20 4 20 2512
C3-16"x16" B3 3rd 1476 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
5th 1396 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 2565 4 25 4 20 3218.5
2nd 2192 4 20 4 20 2512
C3-16"x16" C3 3rd 1397 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
5th 1421 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 2137 4 20 4 20 2512
2nd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
C2-16"x16" C4 3rd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
5th 1422 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 2034 4 20 4 16 2059.84
2nd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
C1-16"x16" D1
3rd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1655 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 2049 4 20 4 16 2059.84
2nd 1437 4 16 4 16 1607.68
C1-16"x16" D2 3rd 1442 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
5th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
1st 2203 4 20 4 20 2512
2nd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
C2-16"x16" D3 3rd 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
4th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
5th 1321 4 16 4 16 1607.68
For more details refer structural drawing.
22
5.2 Beam Design Summary
23
Figure 5-8 : Rebar of beam in Fourth floor Level
24
Table 5-2 : Beam Design Summary
Diameter of Rebar
Beam
Floor Left Middle Right
ID
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
First floor
A-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
A-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
A-3/4
First floor
B-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
B-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
C-3/4 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
D-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
D-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
1-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
1-B/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-B/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-B/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-C/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
25
First floor
4-A/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
A-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
A-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
A-3/4 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
B-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
B-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
C-3/4 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
D-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
D-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
1-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
1-B/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
2-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
2-B/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
3-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
3-B/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
3-C/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second Floor
4-A/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
26
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
A-1/2 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
A-2/3 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
A-3/4 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
B-1/2 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
B-2/3 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
C-3/4 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
D-1/2 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
D-2/3 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
1-A/B 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
1-B/D 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
2-A/B 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
27
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
2-B/D 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
3-A/B 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
3-B/C 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
3-C/D 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Third floor 2-16+1- 2-16+1-
2-16+1-12(th)+2- 12(th) 12(th) 2-16+1-12(th)+2-
4-A/C 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th) 12(ext) 2-16+1-12(th)
Fourth floor
A-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
A-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
A-3/4 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
B-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
B-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
C-3/4 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
D-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
D-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
1-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
1-B/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
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Fourth floor
2-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
2-B/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
3-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
3-B/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
3-C/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
4-A/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
A-3/4 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
B-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
C-3/4 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
D-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
2-B/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
3-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
3-B/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
3-C/D4 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Top floor
4-A/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Note:-Th=Throughout rebar, Ext =Extra rebar, secondary beam size=230x300 with 3 nos 12 mm bar at top and bottom
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5.3 Slab and staircase Design Summary
Slab
Size: 125mm
Reinforcement:
Let’s provide 8mm@150mm c/c both ways with usual layouts/curtailments wherever required
For more details, refer structural drawings
Staircase
Waist slab thikness: 125mm
Reinforcement:
Let’s provide 12mm@150mm c/c as main reinforcement and 6 mm@150mm c./c as distribution
reinforcement with usual layouts/curtailments wherever required
For more details, refer structural drawings
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F2(A1,A2) 2300x2300 400 16 mm dia @5” c/c both
way
F3(B1,D2) 2600x2600 400 16 mm dia @5” c/c both
way
F4(B2) 2900x2900 400 16 mm dia @5” c/c both
way
CF1(A3,A4,B3,C3,C4) 7840x3950 400 16 mm dia @5” c/c both
way both at top and
bottom
Strap beam
SB1 400x400 3 no2 16 mm bar both at top and bottom
with 10 mm striupps ar 6” c/c
Tie beam
LTB1 & UTB1 230 x300 Longitudinal bars: 3-12dia top &
bottom Stirrups : 2-legged 8 dia @ 6" c/c
Strap beam
For more details, refer structural drawing
6 CONCLUSION
After the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the gravity as
well as Seismic Loads. The section sizes and reinforcements are sufficient enough to withstand all
kinds of possible axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces. The building is designed to make it good
enough to assure Life Safety under Design Basis Earthquake considered for Zoning factor 0.35,
Importance Factor 1.0 and soft soil condition as per NBC205:2020. Bearing capacity of the soil is
taken as 120 KN/m2. M25 grade of concrete is used for columns, beams, slabs and foundations. Ductile
detailing as per IS13920:1993 has been extensively adopted while detailing.
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A performance of a building depends
upon a work and material quality during the construction more than the intensions pursued during
structural design. A large percentage of structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of
construction. Therefore, to assure the proper safety, material and work quality should be maintained
during the construction. Structural designer will be responsible for all the designs but not for any faulty
constructions happened at site beyond his supervision. Following recommendations are made by the
structural designer.
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1. It is recommended to strictly follow the section sizes and reinforcements provided in the structural
drawings.
2. It is recommended that the site engineer should be responsible to handle the problems that may arise
during construction. He/she shall also be responsible for maintaining the material and process quality
during construction.
3. It is strictly recommended that any changes in the design shall be done only with the consultation
of the structural designer.
4. It is strictly recommended to maintain the standards in the grade of cement and reinforcement steel.
It is recommended to run a cube test to ensure the strength and quality of the concrete ratio used. It is
also recommended test the reinforcement steels to ensure the quality of steel used.
ANNEXES
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)
for buildings and structures (second revision)
Part 1 – Dead loads Part
2 – Imposed load
SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
32
Pillai, U.C. and Menon,D. Reinforced Concrete Design, second edition, Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2003
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 406.4 228.6 0 35 35
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500
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Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-87.22 3.5918 0 -90.8119
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
406.4 406.4 58 30
Material Properties
34
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
25000 25 1 500 500
Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
35
N/N: Not Needed
2.0 Loading:
Dead Load: (DL) 3.125 KN/m2
Other Dead Load: (ODL) 2.25 KN/m2
Live Load: (LL) 2 KN/m2
Total Load: (w) 7.375 KN/m2
Factored Load: (wu) 11.0625 KN/m2
1.036
36
Short span moments:
Support S 9.457 KN-m
Mid Span M 7.08 KN-m
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SAMPLE FOOTING DESIGN
Footing has been designed using safe
All the pressure is less than 120 kn/m2 ,so the size is adequate.
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Fig : displacement under laoding
Strap beam has been placed with size 400x400 with both top and bottom with 3-16 mm bars
40
Fig rebar requirement in footing
1 Data
Grade of steel(fy) 500 N/mm2
Grade of concrete(fck) 25 N/mm2
Nominal cover 15 mm
diameter of main bars 12 mm
diameter of distribution bars 8 mm
Tread 250 mm
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Rise 160 mm
thickness of waist slab 125 mm
Effective Depth= 104 mm
Thickness of landing slab 125 mm
support width 0.23 m
3 Load on landing
self weight of slab = 3.13 KN/m2
floor finish 1.20 KN/m2
live load 3.00 KN/m2
load per m sq. 7.33 KN/m2
factored load 10.99 KN/m2
load/m 10.99 KN/m
4 Crtitical Flight
4.1 Rebar calculation
span of landing A 1.12 m
span of landing B 0 m
span of flight 2.03 m
Span of landing A with support 1.235
Span of landing B with support 0.115
effective span of flight with
support 2.03
effective span 3.38
reaction at B support 24.58 kN
reaction at A support 16.97 kN
point of maximum moment(x) 1.437 m
Max.bending moment 12.92 KNm
Ast required 303.43 mm2
42
spacing required 372.7289 mm
spacing provided 150 mm
Ast Provided 753.98224 mm2
Providing 12mm dia. @ 150mm
c/c as main rebar
43
44