ECE 107 - General Construction of Buses & Coaches

E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.106/Rev.6−E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.106/Rev.
6
20 June 2014
Agreement
Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for

Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be
Used on Wheeled vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal
Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions*
(Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)
Addendum 106: Regulation No. 107
Revision 6
Incorporating all valid text up to:
The 06 series of amendments of the Regulation - Date of entry into force: 10 June 2014
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category M2 or M3

vehicles with regard to their general construction
_________
UNITED NATIONS
* Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of
Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at
Geneva on 20 March 1958.
GE.14-
E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.106/Rev.6
E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.106/Rev.6
Regulation No. 107
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category M2

or M3 vehicles with regard to their general construction
Contents
Page
Regulation
1. Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Definitions ........................................................................................................................................ 5
3. Application for approval .................................................................................................................. 10
4. Approval........................................................................................................................................... 10
5. Requirements.................................................................................................................................... 11
6. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle or bodywork type .......................................... 12
7. Conformity of production ................................................................................................................. 13
8. Penalties for non-conformity of production ..................................................................................... 13
9. Production definitively discontinued ................................................................................................ 13
10. Transitional provisions ..................................................................................................................... 13
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests
and of Type Approval Authorities .................................................................................................... 14
12. Reserved ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Annexes
1 Part 1 - Appendix 1 - Approval documentation - Model Information documents
Model information document pursuant to Regulation No. 107 relating to type approval of
category M2 or M3 vehicles with regard to their general construction .............................. 15
Appendix 2 - Model information document relating to Regulation No. 107 relating
to type approval of bodywork for category M 2 or M3 vehicles with regard to their
general construction ........................................................................................................... 19
Appendix 3 - Model information document pursuant to Regulation No. 107 relating
to type approval of a M2 or M3 vehicle where the bodywork has previously obtained
the type approval as a separate technical unit, with respect to its general construction ..... 22
Part 2 - Appendix 1 – Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or
withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of a
vehicle/component/separate technical unit with regard to Regulation No. 107 ................ 24
Appendix 2 – Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or
vehicle/component/separate technical unit with regard to Regulation No. 107 ................. 26
Appendix 3 - Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or
vehicle/component/separate technical unit with regard to Regulation No. 107 ................. 28
3
2 Arrangements of approval marks ..................................................................................................... 30

3 Requirements to be met by all vehicles ............................................................................................ 32
Appendix - Verification of static tilting limit by means of calculation ............................................ 70
4 Explanatory diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 71
5 (Reserved) ........................................................................................................................................ 94
6 Guidelines for measuring the closing forces of power-operated doors and the reactive forces
of power-operated ramps .................................................................................................................. 95
7 Alternative requirements for vehicles of Classes A and B ............................................................... 98
8 Accommodation and accessibility for passengers with reduced mobility ....................................... 100
9 (Reserved) ........................................................................................................................................ 113
10 Type approval for a separate technical unit and type approval of a vehicle fitted with a
bodywork already approved as a separate technical unit .................................................................. 114
11 Masses and dimensions .................................................................................................................... 115
12 Additional safety prescriptions for trolleybuses ............................................................................... 123
4
1. Scope
1.1. This Regulation applies to every single-deck, double-deck, rigid or
articulated vehicle of category M2 or M3.1
1.2. However, the requirements of this Regulation do not apply to the following
vehicles:
1.2.1. Vehicles designed for the secure transport of persons, for example prisoners;
1.2.2. Vehicles specially designed for the carriage of injured or sick persons
(ambulances);
1.2.3. Off-road vehicles.
1.2.4. Vehicles specially designed for the carriage of school children.
1.3. The requirements of this Regulation apply to the following vehicles only to
the extent that they are compatible with their intended use and function:
1.3.1. Vehicles designed for use by police, security and armed forces;
1.3.2. Vehicles which contain seating intended solely for use when the vehicle is
stationary, but which are not designed to carry more than 8 persons
(excluding the driver) when in motion. Examples of these include mobile
libraries, mobile churches and mobile hospitality units. The seats in such
vehicles which are designated for use when the vehicle is in motion shall be
clearly identified to users.
1.4. Pending the addition of appropriate provisions, nothing in this Regulation
shall prevent a Contracting Party from specifying requirements for vehicles
to be registered in its territory for the fitting and technical requirements for
audible and/or visual route and/or destination display equipment, whether
fitted internally or externally.
2. Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation:
2.1. "Vehicle" means a vehicle of category M2 or M3 within the scope defined by
paragraph 1. above.
2.1.1. For vehicles having a capacity exceeding 22 passengers in addition to the
driver, there are three classes of vehicles:
2.1.1.1. "Class I": vehicles constructed with areas for standing passengers, to allow
frequent passenger movement;
2.1.1.2. "Class II": vehicles constructed principally for the carriage of seated
passengers, and designed to allow the carriage of standing passengers in the
gangway and/or in an area which does not exceed the space provided for two
double seats;
1
As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3, para. 2 -
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html
5
2.1.1.3. "Class III": vehicles constructed exclusively for the carriage of seated
passengers;
2.1.1.4. A vehicle may be regarded as belonging in more than one Class. In such a
case it may be approved for each Class to which it corresponds.
2.1.2. For vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers in addition to the
driver, there are two classes of vehicles:
2.1.2.1. "Class A": vehicles designed to carry standing passengers; a vehicle of this
class has seats and shall have provision for standing passengers.
2.1.2.2. "Class B": vehicles not designed to carry standing passengers; a vehicle of
this class has no provision for standing passengers.
2.1.3. "Articulated vehicle" means a vehicle which consists of two or more rigid
sections which articulate relative to one another; the passenger compartments
of each section intercommunicate so that passengers can move freely
between them; the rigid sections are permanently connected so that they can
only be separated by an operation involving facilities which are normally
only found in a workshop.
2.1.3.1. "Double-decker articulated vehicle" means a vehicle which consists of two or
more rigid sections which articulate relative to one another; the passenger
compartments of each section intercommunicate on at least one deck so that
passengers can move freely between them; the rigid sections are permanently
connected so that they can only be separated by an operation involving
facilities which are normally only found in a workshop.
2.1.4. "Low floor vehicle" is a vehicle of Class I, II or A in which at least 35 per
cent of the area available for standing passengers (or in its forward section in
the case of articulated vehicles, or in its lower deck in the case of double-
decker vehicles) forms an area without steps and includes access to at least
one service door.
2.1.5. "Bodywork" means a separate technical unit comprising all the special
internal and external equipment of the vehicle.
2.1.6. "Double-deck vehicle" means a vehicle where the provided spaces for
passengers are arranged, at least in one part, in two superimposed levels and
spaces for standing passengers are not provided in the upper deck.
2.1.7. "Separate technical unit" means a device intended to be part of a vehicle,
which may be type-approved separately but only in relation to one or more
specified types of vehicle.
2.1.8. "Trolleybus" means a vehicle, electrically driven by energy from external,
overhead contact wires. For the purposes of this Regulation, it also includes
such vehicles having an additional internal means of propulsion (dual mode
vehicles) or having a means of temporary external guidance (guided
trolleybuses).
2.1.9. "Vehicle without roof"2 means a vehicle without roof over all or part of its
deck. In the case of a double-decked vehicle this shall be the upper deck.
Space for standing passengers shall not be provided on any deck without
roof, independently of the class of vehicle.
2
The use of these vehicles may be subject to rules established by National Administrations.
6
2.2. "Definition of type(s)"

2.2.1. "Vehicle type" means vehicles, which do not differ in the following essential
aspects:
(a) Bodywork manufacturer;
(b) Chassis manufacturer;
(c) Vehicle concept (> 22 passengers or ≤ 22 passengers);
(d) Bodywork concept (single / double-deck, articulated, low-floor);
(e) Bodywork type if the bodywork has been approved as a separate
technical unit.
2.2.2. "Bodywork type" for the purposes of type-approval as a separate technical
unit means a category of bodywork which does not essentially differ in the
following aspects:
(a) Bodywork manufacturer;
(b) Vehicle concept (> 22 passengers or ≤ 22 passengers);
(c) Bodywork concept (single/ double-deck, articulated, low-floor);
(d) Mass of the completely equipped vehicle bodywork, differing by
10 per cent;
(e) Specified types of vehicle on which the type of the bodywork can be
installed.
2.3. "Approval of a vehicle or a separate technical unit" means the approval of a
vehicle type, or of a bodywork type as defined in paragraph 2.2. above with
regard to the constructional features specified in this Regulation.
2.4. "Superstructure" means the part of the bodywork which contributes to the
strength of the vehicle in the event of a roll-over accident.
2.5. "Service door" means a door intended for use by passengers in normal
circumstances with the driver seated.
2.6. "Double door" means a door affording two, or the equivalent of two, access
passages.
2.7. "Sliding door" means a door which can be opened or closed only by sliding it
along one or more rectilinear or approximately rectilinear rails.
2.8. "Emergency door" means a door intended for use by passengers as an exit
only exceptionally and in particular in an emergency.
2.9. "Emergency window" means a window, not necessarily glazed, intended for
use as an exit by passengers in an emergency only.
2.10. "Double or multiple window" means an emergency window which, when
divided into two or more parts by imaginary vertical line(s) (or plane(s)),
exhibits two or more parts respectively, each of which complies as to
dimensions and access with the requirements applicable to a normal
emergency window.
2.11. "Escape hatch" means an opening in the roof or the floor intended for use as
an emergency exit by passengers in an emergency only.
2.12. "Emergency exit" means an emergency door, emergency window or escape
hatch.
7
2.13. "Exit" means a service door, intercommunication staircase, half-staircase or

emergency exit.
2.14. "Floor or deck":
2.14.1. "Floor" means that part of the bodywork whose upper surface supports
standing passengers, the feet of seated passengers and the driver and any crew
member, and may support the seat mountings;
2.14.2. "Deck" means that part of the floor provided only for the passengers.
2.15. "Gangway" means the space providing access by passengers from any seat or
row of seats or each special area for wheelchair users to any other seat or row
of seats or each special area for wheelchair users or to any access passage
from or to any service door or intercommunication staircase and any area for
standing passengers; it does not include:
2.15.1. The space extending 300 mm in front of any seat, except where a sideways-
facing seat is situated above a wheel arch, in which case this dimension may
be reduced to 225 mm (see Annex 4, Figure 25);
2.15.2. The space above the surface of any step or staircase (except where the surface
of the step is contiguous with that of a gangway or access passageway); or
2.15.3. Any space which affords access solely to one seat or row of seats or a facing
pair of transverse seats or row of seats.
2.16. "Access passage" means the space extending inwards into the vehicle from
the service door up to the outermost edge of the upper step (edge of the
gangway), intercommunication staircase or half-staircase. Where there is no
step at the door, the space to be considered as access passage shall be that
which is measured according to Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.1. up to a distance
of 300 mm from the starting position of the inner face of the test gauge.
2.17. "Driver’s compartment" means the space intended for driver’s exclusive use
except in the case of an emergency and containing the driver’s seat, the
steering wheel, controls, instruments and other devices necessary for driving
or operating the vehicle.
2.18. "Mass of the vehicle in running order" means the mass of the unladen vehicle
with bodywork, and with coupling device in the case of a towing vehicle, in
running order, or the mass of the chassis with cab if the manufacturer does
not fit the bodywork and/or coupling device (including coolant, oils, 90 per
cent fuel, 100 per cent other liquids except used waters, tools, spare wheel
and driver (75 kg), and, for buses and coaches, the mass of the crew member
(75 kg) if there is a crew seat in the vehicle.
2.19. "Technically permissible maximum laden mass (M)" means the maximum
mass of the vehicle based on its construction and performance, stated by the
manufacturer. The technically permissible maximum laden mass is used to
determine the vehicle category.
2.20. "Passenger" means a person, other than the driver or a member of the crew.
2.21. "Passenger with reduced mobility" means all passengers who have a
difficulty when using public transport, such as disabled people (including
people with sensory and intellectual impairments, and wheelchair users,
people with limb impairments, people of small stature, people with heavy
luggage, elderly people, pregnant women, people with shopping trolleys, and
people with children (including children seated in pushchairs).
8
2.22. "Wheelchair user" means a person who due to infirmity or disability uses a
wheelchair for mobility.
2.23. "Member of the crew" means a person assigned to operate as a co-driver or
the possible assistant.
2.24. "Passenger compartment" means a space intended for passengers’ use
excluding any space occupied by fixed appliances such as bars, kitchenettes,
toilets or baggage/goods compartments.
2.25. "Power-operated service door" means a service door which is operated
exclusively by energy other than muscular energy and the opening and
closing of which, if not automatically operated, is remotely controlled by the
driver or a member of the crew.
2.26. "Automatically-operated service-door" means a power-operated service door
which can be opened (other than by means of emergency controls) only after
a control is operated by a passenger and after activation of the controls by the
driver, and which closes again automatically.
2.27. "Starting prevention device" means a device which prevents the vehicle being
driven away from rest when a door is not fully closed.
2.28. "Driver operated service door" means a service door which normally is
opened and closed by the driver.
2.29. "Priority seat" means a seat with additional space for a passenger with
reduced mobility and marked accordingly.
2.30. "Boarding device" means a device to facilitate wheelchair access to vehicles,
such as lifts, ramps, etc.
2.31. "Kneeling system" means a system which lowers and lifts totally or partially
the body of a vehicle relative to the normal position of travel.
2.32. "Lift" means a device or system with a platform that can be raised and
lowered to provide passenger access between the floor of a passenger
compartment and the ground or kerb.
2.33. "Ramp" means a device to bridge the gap between the floor of a passenger
compartment and the ground or kerb. In its position for use, it includes any
surface that may move as part of the ramp deployment or be available for use
only when the ramp is in its deployed position and over which a wheelchair is
intended to travel.
2.34. "Portable ramp" means a ramp that may be detached from the vehicle
structure and capable of being deployed by a driver or crew member.
2.35. "Demountable seat" means a seat that can be easily detached from the
vehicle.
2.36. "Front" and "rear" means the front or rear of the vehicle according to the
normal direction of travel and the terms; "forward", "foremost", "rearward"
and "rearmost" etc. shall be construed accordingly.
2.37. "Intercommunication staircase" means a staircase which allows
communication between the upper and lower decks.
2.38. "Separate compartment" means a space in the vehicle which may be
occupied by passengers or crew when the vehicle is in use and which is
separated from any other passenger or crew space, except where any partition
allows passengers to see into the next passenger space, and is connected by a
gangway without doors.
9
2.39. "Half staircase" is a staircase from the upper deck which terminates in an
emergency door.
2.40. "Service-door lighting" means a lighting device(s) of the vehicle designed to
illuminate the exterior vicinity of service doors and wheels.
2.41. "Overnight locking system" means a system designed to provide the
possibility to secure the service and emergency doors of the vehicle against
opening. Systems that are intended to be operated by passengers from inside
the vehicle shall not be regarded as overnight locking systems.
2.42. "Emergency lighting system" means a system that provides a minimum level
of lighting necessary to enable occupants to safely egress from the vehicle,
including the emergency exits.
2.43. "Safety sign" means a configuration of visual elements intended to convey a
safety-related message.
3. Application for approval

3.1. The application for approval of:
(a) A vehicle type or;
(b) A separate technical unit type or;
(c) A vehicle type fitted with bodywork type already approved as a
separate technical unit.
With regard to its constructional features shall be submitted by the
responsible manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.
3.2. In the case of an application for approval of a vehicle made by assembling a
chassis with type-approved bodywork, the term manufacturer refers to the
assembler.
3.3. A model for the information document relating to the constructional features
is given in Annex 1 - Part 1.
3.3.1. Appendix 1: For a vehicle type,
3.3.2. Appendix 2: For a bodywork type,
3.3.3. Appendix 3: For a vehicle type fitted with bodywork already approved as a
3.4. A vehicle(s) or a bodywork(s) representative of the type to be approved shall
be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for conducting the type-
approval tests.
4. Approval
4.1. If the vehicle or bodywork submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation
meets the requirements of paragraph 5. below, approval of that vehicle or
bodywork type shall be granted.
4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each vehicle type-approved. Its first
two digits (at present 06, corresponding to the 06 series of amendments) shall
indicate the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation
10
at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not
assign the same number to another vehicle or bodywork type within the
meaning of paragraph 2.2.
4.3. Notice of approval or of extension of approval of a vehicle or bodywork type
pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Contracting Parties
to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a form conforming to
the model in Annex 1 - Part 2 to this Regulation.
4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place
specified on the approval form, to every vehicle or bodywork conforming to
a vehicle or bodywork type approved under this Regulation, an international
approval mark consisting of:
4.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of
the country which has granted approval;3
4.4.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the
approval number, to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
above; and
4.4.3. An additional symbol consisting of the Roman numerals for the Class(es) in
which the vehicle or bodywork has been approved. A bodywork approved
separately shall additionally bear the letter S.
4.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other
Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted
approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
above need not be repeated; in such a case, the Regulation and approval
numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which
approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval under
this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol
prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1. above.
4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle or bodywork
data plate affixed by the manufacturer.
4.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval
marks.
5. Requirements
5.1. All vehicles shall comply with the provisions set out in Annex 3 to this
Regulation. Bodywork approved separately shall comply with Annex 10. The
approval of a vehicle incorporating a bodywork approved in accordance with
Annex 10 shall be completed in accordance with that annex.
5.2. Vehicles of Class I shall be accessible for people with reduced mobility,
including at least one wheelchair user and one pram or unfolded pushchair
according to the technical provisions laid down in Annex 8. In rigid vehicles of
Class I the area for the accommodation of a wheelchair may be combined with
3
The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3
to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3, Annex 3 -
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html
11
the area for the accommodation of an unfolded pushchair or pram. In such a

case, the area shall have signs fixed on or adjacent to the area with the
following text, equivalent text or pictogram:
"Please give up this space for a wheelchair user".
5.3. Contracting Parties shall be free to choose the most appropriate solution to
achieve improved accessibility in vehicles other than those of Class I.
However, if vehicles other than those of Class I are equipped with features or
devices for people with reduced mobility and/or wheelchair users, those
features or devices shall comply with the relevant requirements of Annex 8.
5.4. Nothing in this Regulation shall prevent the national authorities of a
Contracting Party from specifying that certain types of operation are reserved
for vehicles which are equipped for the transport of passengers with reduced
mobility in accordance with Annex 8.
5.5. Unless otherwise stated, all measurements shall be made when the vehicle is at its
mass in running order and it is standing on a smooth and horizontal ground
surface and in the normal condition for travel. If a kneeling system is fitted, it
shall be set so the vehicle is at its normal ride height for travel. In the case of
approval of bodywork as a separate technical unit the position of the body
relative to the flat horizontal surface shall be specified by the manufacturer.
5.6. Wherever there is a requirement in this Regulation for a surface in the vehicle
to be horizontal or at a specific angle when the vehicle is at its mass in
running order, in the case of a vehicle with mechanical suspension, the
surface may exceed this slope or possess a slope when the vehicle is at its
mass in running order, provided that this requirement is met when the vehicle
is in the loading condition declared by the manufacturer. If a kneeling system
is fitted to the vehicle, it shall not be in operation.
6. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle

or bodywork type
6.1. Every modification of the vehicle or bodywork type shall be notified to the
Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type. That Authority
may then either:
6.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable
adverse effect and that, in any case, the vehicle or bodywork still complies
with the requirements; or
6.1.2. Require a further test report from the Technical Service responsible for
conducting the tests.
6.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the modifications, shall be
communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3. of this Regulation
to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
6.3. The Type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a
series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Contracting
Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a
communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1, Appendix 2 to
this Regulation.
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7. Conformity of production
The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in
the Agreement, Appendix 2 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), with
the following requirements:
7.1. Vehicles and bodyworks approved to this Regulation shall be so
manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the
requirements set forth in paragraph 5. above.
7.2. The Type Approval Authority which has granted type approval may at any time
verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production facility. The
normal frequency of these verifications shall be once per two years.
8. Penalties for non-conformity of production

8.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle or bodywork type pursuant to
this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in
paragraph 5. above is not complied with.
8.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws
an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith notify the other
Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication
form conforming to the model in Annex 1, Appendix 2 to this Regulation.
9. Production definitively discontinued

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of
vehicle or bodywork under this Regulation, he shall so inform the Type
Approval Authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant
communication, that Authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the
1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication
form conforming to the model in Annex 1, Part 2 to this Regulation.
10. Transitional provisions

10.1. As from the official date of entry into force of the 04 series of amendments,
no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval
under this Regulation as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
10.2. As from 24 months after the date of entry into force of the 04 series of
amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant
approvals only if the vehicle type to be approved meets the requirements of
this Regulation as amended by of the 04 series of amendments.
10.3. As from 36 months after the entry into force of the 04 series of amendments,
Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may refuse to grant
national/regional approvals and first national registration (first entry into
service) of a vehicle which does not meet the requirements of the 04 series of
amendments to this Regulation.
10.4. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant
extensions of approval to the 03 series of amendments to this Regulation for
vehicles which are not affected by the 04 series of amendments.
13
10.5. Notwithstanding paragraphs 10.2. and 10.3. above, approvals of vehicles

granted to the 03 series of amendments to the Regulation, which are not
affected by the 04 series of amendments, shall remain valid and Contracting
Parties applying the Regulation shall continue to accept them.
no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant approval
under this Regulation as amended by the 05 series of amendments.
amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant
this Regulation as amended by the 05 series of amendments.
10.8. As from 36 months after the entry into force of the 05 series of amendments,
Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may refuse to grant
national/regional approvals and first national registration (first entry into
service) of a vehicle which does not meet the requirements of the 05 series of
amendments to this Regulation.
no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant or refuse
to accept type-approvals under this Regulation as amended by the 06 series of
amendments.
amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant type-
this Regulation as amended by the 06 series of amendments.
10.11. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant
extensions of type-approvals for existing types which have been issued
according to the 05 series of amendments to this Regulation.
amendments to this Regulation, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation
shall not be obliged to accept, for the purpose of national or regional type-
approval, a vehicle type-approved to the 05 series of amendments to this
Regulation.
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services

responsible for conducting approval tests and of
Type Approval Authorities
The Contracting Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation shall
communicate to the Secretariat of the United Nations the names and
addresses of the Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests
and of the Type Approval Authorities which grant approval and to which
forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval,
issued in other countries, are to be sent.
12. Reserved
14
Annex 1 - Part 1 - Appendix 1
Annex 1 – Part 1 – Appendix 1
Approval documentation - Model Information documents
Model information document pursuant to Regulation No. 107

relating to type approval of category M2 or M3 vehicles with
regard to their general construction
The following information, if applicable, shall be supplied in triplicate and include a list of
contents. Any drawings shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size
A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient detail.
If the systems, components or separate technical units have electronic controls, information
concerning their performance shall be supplied.
1. General
1.1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): ................................................................
1.2. Type: .................................................................................................................
1.2.1. Chassis: .............................................................................................................
1.2.2. Bodywork/complete vehicle: ............................................................................
1.3. Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle (b): ..........................
...........................................................................................................................
1.3.1. Chassis: ..............................................................................................................
1.3.3. Location of that marking ..................................................................................
1.3.3.1. Chassis: .............................................................................................................
1.3.3.2. Bodywork/complete vehicle: ............................................................................
1.4. Category of vehicle (c): ....................................................................................
1.5. Name and address of manufacturer: .................................................................
1.6. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): .....................................................................
2. General construction characteristics of the vehicle
2.1. Photographs and/or drawings of a representative vehicle: ................................
2.2. Dimensional drawing of the whole vehicle: .....................................................
2.3. Number of axles and wheels: ............................................................................
2.3.1. Number and position of axles with double wheels: ..........................................
2.3.2. Number and position of steered axles: ..............................................................
2.4. Chassis (if any) (overall drawing): ...................................................................
2.5. Material used for the side-members (d): ...........................................................
2.6. Position and arrangement of the engine: ...........................................................
15
2.7. Driving cab (forward, or normal) (z): ...............................................................

2.8. Hand of drive:
2.8.1. Vehicle is equipped to be driven in right/left 1 hand traffic.
2.9. Specify if the motor vehicle is intended to tow trailers and if the trailer is a
semi-drawbar or centre-axle trailer: ..................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3. Masses and dimensions (e) (in kg and mm) (refer to drawing where
applicable)
3.1. Wheel base(s) (fully loaded) (f): .......................................................................
3.2. Range of vehicle dimensions (overall) .............................................................
3.2.1. For chassis with bodywork:
3.2.1.1. Length (j): .........................................................................................................
3.2.1.2. Width (k): .........................................................................................................
3.2.1.3. Height (in running order) (l) (for suspension adjustable for height, indicate
normal running position): .................................................................................
3.2.1.4. Front overhang (m): ..........................................................................................
3.2.1.5. Rear overhang (n): ............................................................................................
3.3. Position of centre of gravity of the vehicle at its technically permissible
maximum laden mass in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions:
...........................................................................................................................
3.4. Mass of the vehicle with bodywork, and in the case of a towing vehicle of a
category other than M1, with coupling device, if fitted by the manufacturer, in
running order, or the mass of the chassis or chassis with cab, without
bodywork and/or coupling device if the manufacturer does not fit the
bodywork and/or coupling device (including liquids, tools, spare wheel and
driver, and, for buses and coaches, a crew member if there is a crew seat in
the vehicle) (o) (maximum and minimum for each variant): .............................
........................................................................................................................... .
3.4.1. Distribution of this mass among the axles and, in the case of a semi-trailer or
centre axle trailer, load on the coupling point (maximum and minimum for
each variant): ....................................................................................................
3.5. Technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer (y)
(maximum and minimum for each variant): .....................................................
3.5.1. Distribution of this mass among the axles (maximum and minimum for each
variant): .............................................................................................................
3.6. Technically permissible maximum load/mass on each axle: ............................
3.7. Technically permissible maximum mass on the coupling point: ......................
3.7.1. Of the motor vehicle: .........................................................................................
1
Delete where not applicable (there are cases where nothing needs to be deleted when more than one
entry is applicable).
16
4. Bodywork
4.1. Type of bodywork: Single deck/double-deck/articulated/low floor1
4.2. Materials used and methods of construction: .....................................................
5. Special provisions for vehicles used for the carriage of passengers comprising
more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat
5.1. Class of vehicle (Class I, Class II, Class III, Class A, Class B):
5.2. Area for passengers (m2): .................................................................................
5.2.1. Total (So): .........................................................................................................
5.2.2. Upper deck (Soa):1 ..............................................................................................
5.2.3. Lower deck (Sob):1. ............................................................................................
5.2.4. For standing passengers (S1): ............................................................................
5.3. Number of passengers (seated and standing): ...................................................
5.3.1. Total (N):2, 3 ......................................................................................................
5.3.2. Upper deck (Na):1, 2, 3 .........................................................................................
5.3.3. Lower deck (Nb):1, 2, 3 .........................................................................................
5.4. Number of passengers (seated):2 .......................................................................
5.4.1. Total (A):2, 3 .......................................................................................................
5.4.2. Upper deck (Aa):1, 2, 3 .........................................................................................
5.4.3. Lower deck (Ab):1, 2, 3 .........................................................................................
5.5. Crew seat: yes/no1
5.6. Number of service doors: ..................................................................................
5.7. Number of emergency exits (doors, windows, escape hatches,
intercommunication staircase and half staircase): ............................................
5.7.1. Total: .................................................................................................................
5.7.2. Upper deck:1 .....................................................................................................
5.7.3. Lower deck:1 .....................................................................................................
5.8. Volume of baggage compartments (m3): ..........................................................
5.9. Area for baggage transportation on the roof (m2): ............................................
5.10. Technical devices facilitating the access to vehicles (e.g. ramp, lifting
platform, kneeling system), if fitted: .................................................................
(b) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to
describe the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by
this information document, such characters shall be represented in the
documentation by the symbol "?" (e.g. ABC??123??).
2
In the case of an articulated vehicle, specify the number of seats in each rigid section.
3
If the vehicle is equipped to carry wheelchairs, indicate here the maximum number to be carried. If
passenger capacity is dependent on the number of wheelchairs to be carried, indicate permissible
combinations of seated, standing and wheelchair passengers.
17
(c) As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles

(R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3.
(d) If possible, designation according to Euro norm, otherwise give:
(i) Description of the material;
(ii) Yield point;
(iii) Ultimate tensile stress;
(iv) Elongation (in per cent);
(v) Brinell hardness.
(e) Where there is one version with a normal cab and another with a sleeper cab,
both sets of masses and dimensions are to be stated.
(f) ISO Standard 612 - 1978, term No. 6.4.
(j) Annex 11, paragraph 2.2.1.
(k) Annex 11, paragraph 2.2.2.
(l) Annex 11, paragraph 2.2.3.
(m) ISO Standard 612 - 1978, Term No. 6.6.
(n) ISO Standard 612 - 1978, Term No. 6.7.
(o) The mass of the driver and, if applicable, of the crew member is assessed
at 75 kg (subdivided into 68 kg occupant mass and 7 kg luggage mass
according to ISO Standard 2416 - 1992), the fuel tank is filled to 90 per cent
and the other liquid containing systems (except those for used water)
to 100 per cent of the capacity specified by the manufacturer.
(y) For trailer or a semi-trailer, which exert a significant vertical load on the
coupling device or the fifth wheel, this load, divided by standard acceleration
of gravity, is included in the maximum technically permissible mass.
(z) Forward control means a configuration in which more than half of the engine
length is rearward of the foremost point of the windshield base and the
steering wheel hub in the forward quarter of the vehicle length.
18
Model information document relating to Regulation No. 107

relating to type approval of bodywork for category M2 or M3
vehicles with regard to their general construction
1. General
1.2. Type: .................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
1.3.2. Location of that marking: .................................................................................
1.4. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method
of affixing of the type approval mark. ..............................................................
2.5. Material used for the side-members (d): ...........................................................
2.7. Driving cab (forward control or bonneted) (z): ................................................
2.8. Hand of drive: ...................................................................................................
3. Masses and dimensions (e) (in kg and mm) (refer to drawing where
applicable)
3.2. Range of vehicle dimensions (overall) .............................................................
3.2.1. For bodywork approved without chassis: ..........................................................
3.2.1.1. Length (j): .........................................................................................................
3.2.1.2. Width (k): .........................................................................................................
19
3.2.1.3. Height (in running order) (l) (for suspensions adjustable for height, indicate
4. Bodywork
4.1. Type of bodywork: Single deck/double-deck/articulated/low floor1
4.2. Materials used and methods of construction: ....................................................
5. Special provisions for vehicles used for the carriage of passengers comprising
more than eight seats in addition to the driver’s seat
5.1. Class of vehicle (Class I, Class II, Class III, Class A, Class B):
5.1.1. Chassis types where the type-approved body can be installed
(manufacturer(s) and vehicle(s) types): ............................................................
5.2. Area for passengers (m2): .................................................................................
5.2.1. Total (So): .........................................................................................................
5.2.1.1. Upper deck (Soa):1 .............................................................................................
5.2.1.2. Lower deck (Sob):1 ............................................................................................
5.2.2. For standing passengers (S1): ............................................................................
5.3.1. Total (N):2, 3 ......................................................................................................
5.3.2. Upper deck (Na):1, 2, 3 ........................................................................................
5.3.3. Lower deck (Nb):1, 2, 3 ........................................................................................
5.4. Number of passenger seats:2 .............................................................................
5.4.1. Total (A):2, 3 ......................................................................................................
5.4.2. Upper deck (Aa):1, 2, 3 ........................................................................................
5.4.3. Lower deck (Ab):1, 2, 3 .........................................................................................
5.5. Number of service doors: ..................................................................................
5.6. Number of emergency exits (doors, windows, escape hatches,
intercommunication staircase and half staircase): ............................................
5.6.1. Total: .................................................................................................................
5.6.2. Upper deck:1 ......................................................................................................
5.6.3. Lower deck:1 ......................................................................................................
5.7. Volume of baggage compartments (m3): ..........................................................
1
2
3
20
5.9. Technical devices facilitating the access to vehicles (e.g. ramp, lifting
platform, kneeling system), if fitted: .................................................................
5.10. Points of this Regulation to be accomplished and demonstrated for this
separate technical unit: .....................................................................................
Explanatory notes: See Appendix 1
21
Model information document
Pursuant to Regulation No. 107 relating to type approval of a

M2 or M3 vehicle where the bodywork has previously
obtained the type approval as a separate technical unit, with
respect to its general construction
1. General
1.2. Type: .................................................................................................................
1.2.1. Chassis: .............................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
1.3.1. Chassis: .............................................................................................................
1.3.3. Location of marking: ........................................................................................
1.3.3.1. Chassis: .............................................................................................................
1.3.3.2. Bodywork/complete vehicle: ............................................................................
1.4. Category of vehicle (c): ....................................................................................
1.5. Name and address of manufacturer: .................................................................
2.3.1. Number and position of axles with double wheels: ..........................................
2.5. Material used for the side members (d): ...........................................................
22
2.7. Hand of drive:

2.7.1. Vehicle is equipped to be driven in right/left 1 hand traffic.
3. Masses and Dimensions (e) (in kg and mm) (Refer to drawing where
applicable)
3.2. Range of vehicle dimensions (overall): ............................................................
3.2.1. For chassis with bodywork:
3.2.1.1. Length (j): .........................................................................................................
3.2.1.2. Width (k): .........................................................................................................
3.2.1.2.1. Maximum width: ...............................................................................................
3.2.1.3. Height (in running order) (l) (for suspensions adjustable for height, indicate
3.3. Mass of the vehicle with bodywork and, in the case of a towing vehicle of a
category other than M1, with coupling device, if fitted by the manufacturer, in
running order, or the mass of the chassis or chassis with cab, without
bodywork and/or coupling device if the manufacturer does not fit the
bodywork and/or coupling device (including liquids, tools, spare wheel and
driver, and, for buses and coaches, a crew member if there is a crew seat in
the vehicle): (o) (maximum and minimum for each variant): ............................
...........................................................................................................................
centre axle trailer, load on the coupling point (maximum and minimum for
each variant): ....................................................................................................
3.4. Technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer (y)
(maximum and minimum): ...............................................................................
centre-axle trailer, load on the coupling point (maximum and minimum): ......
...........................................................................................................................
3.5. Technically permissible maximum mass/load on each axle: ............................
Explanatory notes: See Appendix 1
1
23
Communication
(Maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
issued by: Name of administration:

......................................
......................................
......................................
1
Concerning:2 Approval granted

Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued
of a type of a vehicle/component/separate technical unit2 with regard to Regulation No. 107
Approval No.: ............................................ Extension No.: ........................................
Section I
1. Make (trade name of manufacturer): .................................................................
2. Type: ..................................................................................................................
3. Means of identification of type if marked on the vehicle/component/separate
technical unit:2, 3 ................................................................................................
3.1. Location of that marking: ..................................................................................
4. Category of vehicle:2, 4 ......................................................................................
5. Name and address of manufacturer: .................................................................
6. In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method
of affixing of the type approval mark: ...............................................................
7. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): .....................................................................
1
Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused or withdrawn approval (see
approval provision in the Regulation).
2
Delete where not application
3
If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the vehicle,
component or separate technical unit types covered by this Type-Approval certificate such characters
shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: "?" (e.g. ABC??123??).
4
As defined in the Consolidated resolution on the Construction of vehicles (R.E.3),
document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3, para.2.
24
Section II
1. Additional information (where applicable): See addendum
2. Technical Service responsible for carrying out the tests:...................................
3. Date of test report: ............................................................................................
4. Number of test report: .......................................................................................
5. Remarks (if any): see addendum
6. Place: .................................................................................................................
7. Date: ..................................................................................................................
8. Signature: ...........................................................................................................
9. The index to the information package lodged with the Type Approval
Authority, which may be obtained on request, is attached. ...............................
Addendum to type approval certificate No. ……….
concerning the type-approval of a vehicle with regard to Regulation No. 107
1. Additional information .....................................................................................
1.1. Category of vehicle (M2, M3):2 ..........................................................................
1.2. Bodywork concept (single/double-deck, articulated, low-floor2
1.3. Technically permissible maximum mass (kg): ..................................................
1.4. Length (overall): .........................................................................................mm
1.5. Width (overall): ..........................................................................................mm
1.6. Height (overall): .........................................................................................mm
1.7.1. Total (N):5, 6 .......................................................................................................
1.7.2. Upper deck (Na)2, 5, 6...........................................................................................
1.7.3. Lower deck (Nb)2, 5, 6 ..........................................................................................
1.7.4. Number of passengers seated: ...........................................................................
1.7.4.1. Total (A):5, 6 .......................................................................................................
1.7.4.2. Upper deck (Aa)2, 5, 6...........................................................................................
1.7.4.3. Lower deck (Ab)2, 5, 6 ..........................................................................................
1.8. Volume of baggage compartments (m3): ...........................................................
1.10. Technical devices facilitating access to vehicles (ramp, lifting platform,
kneeling-system): ...............................................................................................
1.11. Position of centre of gravity of the laden vehicle in the longitudinal,
transverse and vertical directions: ......................................................................
2. Remarks: ............................................................................................................
5
6
passenger capacity is dependant on the number of wheelchairs to be carried, indicate permissible
25
Communication

......................................
......................................
......................................
1

Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Section I
2. Type: ..................................................................................................................
technical unit:2, 3 ................................................................................................
3.1. Location of that marking: .................................................................................
7. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): ......................................................................
1
2
3
4
26
Section II
4. Number of test report: ........................................................................................
5. Remarks (if any): See addendum
6. Place: .................................................................................................................
7. Date: ..................................................................................................................
8. Signature: ...........................................................................................................
Authority, which may be obtained on request, is attached.
Addendum to type approval certificate No.........
concerning the Type-Approval of a bodywork as a separate technical unit
with regard to Regulation No. 107
1. Additional information
1.1. Category of vehicle where the body can be installed (M2, M3):2 .....................
1.2. Bodywork concept (single/double-deck, articulated, low-floor):2
1.3. Chassis type(s) where the body can be installed: ..............................................
1.4.1. Total (N):5, 6 ......................................................................................................
1.4.2. Upper deck (Na):2, 5, 6 ........................................................................................
1.4.3. Lower deck (Nb):2, 5, 6 ........................................................................................
1.4.4. Number of passengers seated: ...........................................................................
1.4.4.1. Total (A):5, 6 ......................................................................................................
1.4.4.2. Upper deck (Aa):2, 5, 6 ........................................................................................
1.4.4.3. Lower deck (Ab):2, 5, 6 ........................................................................................
1.5. Volume of baggage compartments (m3): ...........................................................
1.7. Technical devices facilitating access to vehicles (ramp, lifting platform,
kneeling-system): ..............................................................................................
2. Remarks: ...........................................................................................................
3. Points accomplished and demonstrated for this separate technical unit: ..........
5
6
27
Communication

......................................
......................................
......................................
1

Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Section I
2. Type: ..................................................................................................................
technical unit:2, 3 .................................................................................................
3.1. Location of that marking: .................................................................................
7. Address(es) of assembly plant(s): ......................................................................
1
2
3
4
28
Section II
4. Number of test report: ........................................................................................
5. Remarks (if any): See Addendum
6. Place: ................................................................................................................
7. Date: ..................................................................................................................
8. Signature: ...........................................................................................................
Authority, which may be obtained on request, is attached.
Addendum to Type-Approval certificate No.........
concerning the type approval for a vehicle type fitted with a bodywork already
approved as a separate technical unit with regard to Regulation No. 107.
1. Additional information
1.1. Category of vehicle (M2, M3):2 .........................................................................
1.2. Technically permissible maximum mass (kg):1 ................................................
1.3. Position of centre of gravity of the laden vehicle in the longitudinal,
transverse and vertical directions: .....................................................................
2. Remarks: ...........................................................................................................
29
Annex 2
Annex 2
Arrangements of approval marks

Model A
(See paragraph 4.4. of this Regulation)
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned
has, with regard to its constructional features, been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) for
Class III, pursuant to Regulation No. 107 under approval number 062439. The approval
number indicates that the approval was granted according to the requirements of Regulation
No. 107 as amended by the 06 series of amendments.
Model B
(See paragraph 4.5. of this Regulation)
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned
has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulations Nos. 107 and 43*. The
first two digits of the approval numbers indicate that, on the dates on which these approvals
were granted Regulation No. 107 included the 06 series of amendments and Regulation
No. 43 was in its original form.
* This number is given merely as an example.
30
Annex 2
Model C
(See paragraph 4.4.3. of this Regulation)
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle bodywork shows that the bodywork
type concerned has, with regard to its constructional features, been approved separately in
the Netherlands (E 4) for Class III as a separate bodywork (letter S), pursuant to Regulation
No. 107 under approval number 062439. The approval number indicates that the approval
was granted according to the requirements of Regulation No. 107 as amended by the
06 series of amendments.
31
Annex 3
Annex 3
Requirements to be met by all vehicles

1.-6. (Reserved)
7. Requirements
7.1 General
7.1.1. If the driver’s compartment is without a roof, the driver should have some
special protection against strong wind, sudden dust, heavy rain, etc.
7.2. Masses and dimensions
7.2.1. The vehicles shall comply with the requirements of Annex 11.
7.2.2. Area available for passengers.
7.2.2.1. The total surface area S0 available for passengers is calculated by deducting
from the total area of the floor of the vehicle:
7.2.2.1.1. The area of the driver’s compartment.
7.2.2.1.2. The area of steps at doors and the area of any other step with a depth of less
than 300 mm and the area swept by the door and its mechanism when it is
operated.
7.2.2.1.3. The area of any part over which the vertical clearance is less than 1,350 mm
measured from the floor disregarding permitted intrusion specified in
paragraphs 7.7.8.6.3. and 7.7.8.6.4. of this annex. In the case of vehicles of
Class A or B, this dimension may be reduced to 1,200 mm.
7.2.2.1.4. The area of any part of the vehicle to which access by passengers is
prevented as defined in paragraph 7.9.4. of this annex;
7.2.2.1.5. The area of any space reserved solely for the carriage of goods or baggage
and from which passengers are excluded.
7.2.2.1.6. The area required to provide a clear working area at serveries.
7.2.2.1.7. The floor area occupied by any staircase, half staircase, intercommunication
staircase or the surface of any step.
7.2.2.2. The surface area S1 available for standing passengers (only in the case of
vehicles of Class A, I and II, in which the carriage of standing passengers is
allowed) is calculated by deducting from S0:
7.2.2.2.1. The area of all parts of the floor in which the slope exceeds the maximum
permissible values as determined in paragraph 7.7.6. of this annex.
7.2.2.2.2. The area of all parts which are not accessible to a standing passenger when
all the seats are occupied, with the exception of folding seats.
7.2.2.2.3. The area of all parts where the clear height above the floor is less than the
gangway height specified in paragraph 7.7.5.1. of this annex (handholds shall
not be taken into account in this connection).
7.2.2.2.4. The area forward of a transverse vertical plane passing through the centre of
the seating surface of the driver’s seat (in its rearmost position).
32
Annex 3
7.2.2.2.5. The area 300 mm in front of all seats other than folding seats, except in the
case of a sideways-facing seat, in which case this dimension may be reduced
to 225 mm. In the case of variable seating arrangements, of any seat when
considered to be in use, see paragraph 7.2.2.4. above.
7.2.2.2.6. Any surface not being excluded by the provisions in paragraphs 7.2.2.2.1.
to 7.2.2.2.5. above, on which it is not possible to place a rectangle of
400 mm x 300 mm.
7.2.2.2.7. In vehicles of Class II, the area in which standing is not allowed.
7.2.2.2.8. In double-deck vehicles, any area of the upper deck.
7.2.2.2.9. The surface of the wheelchair space(s) when considered occupied by a
wheelchair user(s), see paragraph 7.2.2.4. above.
7.2.2.2.10. The surface of any wheelchair space(s) dedicated solely for the use of
wheelchair user(s).
7.2.2.3. There shall be on the vehicle a number (P) of seating places, other than
folding seats, which conform to the requirements of paragraph 7.7.8. below.
If the vehicle is of Class I, II or A the number of seating places on each deck
shall be at least equal to the number of square metres of floor on that deck
available for passengers and crew (if any) rounded down to the nearest whole
number; this number may, in vehicles of Class I, excluding the upper deck,
be reduced by 10 per cent.
7.2.2.4. In the case of a vehicle equipped with a variable seating capacity the area
available for standing passengers (S1) and the provisions of paragraph 3.3.1.
of Annex 11 shall be determined for each of the following conditions as
applicable:
7.2.2.4.1. With all possible seats occupied followed by the remaining area for standing
passengers and, if space remains, any wheelchair spaces occupied.
7.2.2.4.2. With all possible standing areas occupied followed by the remaining seats
available for seated passengers and, if space remains, any wheelchair spaces
occupied.
7.2.2.4.3. With all possible wheelchair spaces occupied followed by the remaining area
for standing passengers and then the remaining seats available for use
occupied.
7.2.3. Marking of vehicles
7.2.3.1. Space shall be provided in the driver’s area, in a position clearly visible to the
driver in his seating position, for the markings provided for in paragraph 3.3.
of Annex 11.
7.2.3.1.1. The maximum number of seating places the vehicle is designed to carry.
7.2.3.1.2. The maximum number of standing places, if any, the vehicle is designed to
carry.
7.2.3.1.3. The maximum number of wheelchairs which the vehicle is designed to carry,
if any.
7.2.3.2. (Reserved)
7.2.3.3. (Reserved)
33
Annex 3
7.2.3.3.1. The mass of baggage which may be carried when the vehicle is loaded with
the maximum numbers of passengers and crew and the vehicle is not
exceeding the technically permissible maximum mass, or the permissible
mass of any axle. This shall include the mass of baggage:
7.2.3.3.1.1. In baggage compartments (mass B, paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. of Annex 11);
7.2.3.3.1.2. On the roof if equipped for the carriage of baggage (mass BX,
paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. of Annex 11).
7.3. (Reserved)
7.4. Stability test
7.4.1. The stability of a vehicle shall be such that the point at which overturning
occurs would not be passed if the surface on which the vehicle stands were
tilted to both sides in turn to an angle of 28 degrees from the horizontal.
7.4.2. For the purposes of the above test, the vehicle shall be at its mass in running
order as described in paragraph 2.18. of this Regulation, with the addition of:
7.4.2.1. Loads equal to Q (as defined in paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. of Annex 11) shall be
placed on each passenger seat (of the upper deck only in the case of double-
deck vehicles).
If a single deck vehicle is intended for standees or with a crew member who is
not seated, the centre of gravity of the loads Q or 75 kg representing them, shall
be uniformly distributed over the standee or crew area respectively, at a height of
875 mm. If a double-deck vehicle is intended to be used with a crew member
who is not seated, the centre of gravity of the mass of 75 kg representing the crew
member shall be placed in the upper deck gangway at a height of 875 mm.
Where a vehicle is equipped to carry luggage on the roof, a uniformly distributed
mass (BX) of not less than that declared by the manufacturer in accordance with
paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. of Annex 11, representing such baggage shall be secured to
the roof. The other baggage compartments shall not contain any baggage.
7.4.2.2. If the vehicle has a variable seating capacity, standing capacity or is designed
to carry one or more wheelchairs, in respect of any area of the passenger
compartment in which such variations occur, the loads in paragraph 7.4.2.1.
above shall be the greater of:
(a) The mass represented by the number of seated passengers that may
occupy the area including the mass of any demountable seats; or
(b) The mass represented by the number of standing passengers that may
occupy the area; or
(c) The mass of wheelchairs and users that may occupy the area at a total
mass of 250 kg each placed at a height of 500 mm above the floor in
the centre of each wheelchair space; or
(d) The mass of seated passengers, standing passengers and wheelchairs
users and any combination of these that may occupy the area.
7.4.3. The height of any step used to prevent a wheel of the vehicle from slipping
sideways on a tilt test rig shall not be greater than two-thirds of the distance
between the surface upon which the vehicle stands before it is tilted and that
part of the rim of that wheel which is nearest to the surface when the vehicle
is loaded in accordance with paragraph 7.4.2. above.
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Annex 3
7.4.4. During the test, no parts of vehicle which are not intended to come into
contact in normal use shall not do so, nor shall any part become damaged or
deranged.
7.4.5. Alternatively, a calculation method can be used to show that the vehicle will
not overturn under the conditions described in paragraphs 7.4.1. and 7.4.2.
above. Such a calculation shall take into account the following parameters:
7.4.5.1. Masses and dimensions;
7.4.5.2. Height of centre of gravity;
7.4.5.3. Spring rates;
7.4.5.4. Vertical and horizontal tyre rates;
7.4.5.5. Characteristics of the control of air pressure in the air springs;
7.4.5.6. Position of the centre of moments;
7.4.5.7. Torsion resistance of the body.
The method of calculation is described in the appendix to this annex.
7.5. Protection against fire risks
7.5.1. Engine compartment
7.5.1.1. No flammable sound-proofing material or material liable to become
impregnated with fuel, lubricant or other combustible material shall be used
in the engine compartment unless the material is covered by an impermeable
sheet.
7.5.1.2. Precautions shall be taken, either by a suitable layout of the engine
compartment or by the provision of drainage orifices, to avoid, so far as
possible, the accumulation of fuel, lubricating oil or any other combustible
material in any part of the engine compartment.
7.5.1.3. A partition of heat-resisting material shall be fitted between the engine
compartment or any other source of heat (such as a device designed to absorb
the energy liberated when a vehicle is descending a long gradient, e.g. a
retarder, or a device for heating the interior of the body other, however, than
a device functioning by warm water circulation) and the rest of the vehicle.
All fixings, clips, gaskets, etc., used in conjunction with the partition shall be
fire resistant.
7.5.1.4. A heating device operating other than by hot water may be provided in the
passenger compartment if it is encased in material designed to resist the
temperatures generated by the device, emits no toxic fumes and is positioned
such that no passenger is likely to come into contact with any hot surface.
7.5.1.5. In the case of vehicles having the engine located to the rear of the driver's
compartment, the compartment shall be equipped with an alarm system
providing the driver with both an acoustic and a visual signal in the event of
excess temperature in the engine compartment and in each compartment
where a combustion heater is located.
7.5.1.5.1. The alarm system shall be designed so as to detect a temperature in the
engine compartment, and in each compartment where a combustion heater is
located in excess of the temperature occurring during normal operation.
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Annex 3
7.5.1.5.2. Paragraph 7.5.1.5.1. above is considered to be satisfied if the following areas

of the engine compartment, and each compartment where a combustion
heater is located, are monitored regarding excess temperature:
7.5.1.5.2.1. Areas in which, in case of leakage, flammable fluids (liquid or gas) may
come into contact with exposed components, e.g. the supercharger or the
exhaust-system, including engine mounted components, whose working
temperature is equal to or greater than the ignition temperature of the
flammable fluids (liquid or gas);
come into contact with shielded components, e.g. an independent heating
device, whose working temperature is equal to or greater than the ignition
temperature of the flammable fluids (liquid or gas); and
come into contact with components, e.g. the alternator, whose temperature, in
case of failure, may be equal to or greater than the ignition temperature of the
flammable fluids (liquid or gas).
7.5.1.5.3. The alarm system shall be operational whenever the engine start device is
operated, until such time as the engine stop device is operated, regardless of
the vehicle's attitude.
7.5.2. Electrical equipment and wiring
7.5.2.1. All cables shall be well insulated and all cables and electrical equipment shall
be able to withstand the temperature and humidity conditions to which they
are exposed. In the engine compartment, particular attention shall be paid to
their suitability to withstand the environmental temperature and the effects of
all likely contaminants.
7.5.2.2. No cable used in an electrical circuit shall carry a current in excess of that
acceptable for such a cable in the light of its mode of installation and the
maximum ambient temperature.
7.5.2.3. Every electrical circuit feeding an item of equipment other than the starter, the
ignition circuit (positive ignition), the glow-plugs, the engine-stopping device,
the charging circuit and the battery earth connection shall include a fuse or a
circuit breaker. Circuits feeding other equipments may, however, be protected
by a common fuse or a common circuit-breaker, provided that their sum rated
capacity does not exceed the capacity of a fuse or of a circuit-breaker. In the
case of multiplexing, the manufacturer shall give all the relevant technical
information at the request of the technical service responsible for conducting
the tests.
7.5.2.4. All cables shall be well protected and shall be held securely in position in
such a way that they cannot be damaged by cutting, abrasion or chafing.
7.5.2.5. Where the voltage exceeds 100 V RMS (Root Mean Square) in one or more
electrical circuits in a vehicle, a manually-operated isolating switch which is
capable of disconnecting all such circuits from the main electrical supply shall
be connected in each pole of that supply which is not electrically connected to
earth, and shall be located inside the vehicle in a position readily accessible to
the driver, provided that no such isolating switch shall be capable of
disconnecting any electrical circuit supplying the mandatory external vehicle
lights. This paragraph does not apply to high tension ignition circuits nor to
self-contained circuits within a unit of equipment in the vehicle.
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Annex 3
7.5.2.6. All electrical cables shall be so located that no part can make contact with
any fuel line or any part of the exhaust system, or be subjected to excessive
heat, unless suitable special insulation and protection is provided, as for
example to a solenoid-operated exhaust valve.
7.5.3. Batteries
7.5.3.1. All batteries shall be well secured and easily accessible.
7.5.3.2. The battery compartment shall be separated from the passenger compartment
and driver’s compartment and ventilated to outside air.
7.5.3.3. The battery terminals shall be protected against the risk of short circuit.
7.5.4. Fire extinguishers and first-aid equipment
7.5.4.1. Space shall be provided for the fitting of one or more fire extinguishers, one
being near the driver’s seat. In vehicles of Class A or B the space for each
required extinguisher shall be not less than 8 dm3 and for in Class I, II or III
not less than 15 dm3. In the case of a double-deck vehicle, an additional
extinguisher space shall be provided on the upper deck.
7.5.4.2. Space shall be provided for the fitting of one or more first-aid kits. The space
provided shall be not less than 7 dm3, the minimum dimension shall not be
less than 80 mm.
7.5.4.3. Fire extinguishers and first aid kits may be secured against theft or vandalism
(e.g. in an internal locker or behind breakable glass), provided that the
locations of these items are clearly marked and means are provided for
persons to extract them easily in an emergency.
7.5.5. Materials
No flammable material shall be permitted within 100 mm of the exhaust
system component, any high voltage electrical equipment or any other
significant source of heat unless the material is effectively shielded. Where
necessary, shielding shall be provided to prevent grease or other flammable
materials coming into contact with exhaust system or other significant heat
sources. For the purposes of this paragraph, a flammable material is
considered to be one which is not designed to withstand the temperatures
likely to be encountered in that location.
7.5.6. Fire detection
7.5.6.1. Vehicles shall be equipped with an alarm system detecting either an excess
temperature or smoke in toilet compartments, driver's sleeping compartments
and other separate compartments.
7.5.6.2. Upon detection, the system given in paragraph 7.5.6.1. above shall provide
the driver with both an acoustic and a visual signal in the driver's
compartment.
7.5.6.3. The alarm system shall be at least operational whenever the engine start
device is operated, until such time as the engine stop device is operated,
regardless of the vehicle's attitude.
7.6. Exits
7.6.1. Number of exits
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Annex 3
7.6.1.1. The minimum number of doors in a vehicle shall be two, either two service
doors or one service door and one emergency door. Every double-deck
vehicle shall have two doors on the lower deck (see also paragraph 7.6.2.3.
below). The minimum number of service doors required is as follows:
Number of
passengers Minimum number of service doors
Classes I & A Class II Classes III & B

9 - 45 1 1 1
46 - 70 2 1 1
71 - 100 3 2 1
(2 in the case of a
double-deck vehicle)
> 100 4 3 1
7.6.1.2. The minimum number of service doors in each rigid section of an articulated
vehicle shall be one except that this minimum number shall be two in the
case of front section of an articulated vehicle of Class I.
7.6.1.3. For the purpose of this requirement, service doors equipped with a power-
operated control system shall not be deemed to be emergency doors unless
they can be readily opened by hand, once the control prescribed in
paragraph 7.6.5.1. below has been actuated, if necessary.
7.6.1.4. The minimum number of emergency exits shall be such that the total
number of exits in a separate compartment is as follows:
Number of passengers and crew to be accommodated
in each compartment or deck Minimum total number of exits
1-8 2
9 - 16 3
17 - 30 4
31 - 45 5
46 - 60 6
61 - 75 7
76 - 90 8
91 - 110 9
111 - 130 10
>130 11
The number of exits for each separate deck (in the case of a double-deck
vehicle) and each separate compartment shall be determined separately.
Toilet compartments or galleys are not considered to be separate
compartments for the purposes of defining the number of emergency exits.
Escape hatches can only count as one of the above-mentioned number of
emergency exits.
7.6.1.5. Each rigid section of an articulated vehicle shall be treated as a separate
vehicle for the purpose of determining the minimum number and the position
of exits, except for paragraph 7.6.2.4. below. The connecting passage
between them shall not be considered as an exit. Toilet compartments or
galleys are not considered to be separate compartments for the purposes of
defining the number of emergency exits. The number of passengers shall be
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Annex 3
determined for each rigid section. The plane, which contains the horizontal
axis of the hinge between conjoined rigid sections of the vehicle, and
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle, when it moves straight,
shall be considered as the border between sections.
7.6.1.6. A double service door shall count as two doors and a double or multiple
windows as two emergency windows.
7.6.1.7. If the driver's compartment does not provide access to a passenger
compartment by means of a passageway that permits:
(a) The front edge of the cylindrical gauge referred to in Annex 4,
Figure 6 to reach at least the transverse vertical plane tangential to the
foremost point of the driver's seat back in its rearmost longitudinal
position, and
(b) From this plane, to move the panel shown in Annex 4, Figure 7
forwards from the contact position, with the cylindrical gauge until it
reaches at least the vertical plane tangential to the foremost point of
the driver's seat cushion,
then the requirements of the following paragraphs 7.6.1.7.1. to 7.6.1.7.5.
below shall be met:
7.6.1.7.1. The driver's compartment shall have two exits, which shall not both be in the
same lateral wall. When one of the exits is a window, this window it shall
have a minimum area of 400,000 mm2, it shall be possible to inscribe in this
area a rectangle measuring 500 mm x 700 mm and it shall comply with the
requirements set out in paragraph 7.6.8. below for emergency windows.
7.6.1.7.2. One or two seats are permitted alongside the driver for additional people, in
which case both of the exits referred to in paragraph 7.6.1.7.1. above shall be
doors.
The driver's door shall be accepted as the emergency door for the occupants
of those seats, provided that it is possible to move a test gauge from the
occupants' seats to the exterior of the vehicle through the driver's door (see
Annex 4, Figure 27).
Verification of the access to the driver's door shall be subject to the
requirements of paragraph 7.7.3.2. below, by using the test gauge having a
dimension of 600 x 400 mm, as described in paragraph 7.7.3.3. below.
The service door shall be in the side of the vehicle opposite to that containing
the driver's door and shall be accepted as the emergency door for the driver.
7.6.1.7.3. Paragraphs 7.6.3. to 7.6.7., 7.7.1., 7.7.2. and 7.7.7. of this annex shall not
apply to the exits provided for the driver's compartment as referred to in
paragraphs 7.6.1.7.1. and 7.6.1.7.2. above.
7.6.1.7.4. In the circumstances described in paragraphs 7.6.1.7.1. and 7.6.1.7.2. above,
the exits provided in the driver's compartment, and for the occupants of any
seats alongside the driver shall not count as one of the doors required by
paragraphs 7.6.1.1. to 7.6.1.2. above, nor as one of the emergency exits
required by paragraph 7.6.1.4. of this annex for any other passenger
compartment.
7.6.1.7.5. Up to five additional seats may be fitted in a compartment incorporating the
driver's compartment and any seats alongside the driver, provided that the
additional seats and the space for these seats comply with all requirements of
this Regulation and at least one of the emergency exits required by
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Annex 3
paragraph 7.6.1.4. above is a door giving access to the passenger

compartment complying with the requirements of paragraph 7.6.3.1.2. of this
annex for emergency doors.
7.6.1.8. If the driver's compartment is accessible from a passenger compartment by
means of a passageway complying with the requirements of
subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 7.6.1.7. above, and any seats adjacent
to this driver's compartment, are accessible from that same passenger
compartment by means of a passageway complying with one of the
conditions described in paragraph 7.7.5.1.1. of this annex, no external exit is
required from the driver's compartment.
7.6.1.9. If, under the circumstances described in paragraph 7.6.1.8. above, a driver's
door is provided in vehicles of Classes A or B it may count as an emergency
door for passengers provided:
7.6.1.9.1. The driver's door satisfies the requirements relating to the dimensions of
emergency door indicated in paragraph 7.6.3.1.2. of this annex;
7.6.1.9.2. The driver's door fulfils the requirements of paragraph 7.6.1.7.2. above;
7.6.1.9.3. The space reserved for the driver's seat shall communicate with the main
passengers' compartment through an appropriate passage; such requirement
shall be deemed to be fulfilled if the test gauge described in
paragraph 7.7.5.1. below is able to be moved unobstructed from the gangway,
until the front end of the gauge reaches the vertical plane tangential to the
foremost point of the driver's seat back (this seat being situated in its
rearmost longitudinal position) and, from this plane, the test gauge described
in paragraph 7.7.3.3. below is able to be moved to the emergency door in the
direction established by such paragraph (see Annex 4, Figure 28) with seat
and steering wheel adjustment in their mid-position.
7.6.1.10. Paragraphs 7.6.1.8. and 7.6.1.9. above do not preclude there being a door or
other barrier between the driver’s seat and the passenger compartment
provided that this barrier can be released quickly by the driver in an
emergency. A driver’s door in a compartment protected by such a barrier
shall not be counted as an exit for passengers.
7.6.1.11. Vehicles of Classes II, III and B shall be fitted with escape hatches,
additional to the emergency doors and windows. In the case of double-deck
vehicles, these hatches shall be fitted in the upper deck roof only. The
minimum number of hatches shall be:
Number of passengers (in the upper deck in the case of
double-deck vehicles) Minimum number of hatches
Not exceeding 30 l
Exceeding 30 2
Except as provided in paragraph 7.6.1.12., hatches may also be fitted in the

case of Classes I and A vehicles. There shall not be any escape hatches fitted
in the roof of a trolleybus.
7.6.1.12. Hatches shall not be fitted in positions where technical components are
installed which present possible danger to passengers using the escape
hatches (e.g. high voltage systems, systems containing dangerous liquids
and/or gas, etc.).
7.6.1.13. Each intercommunication staircase shall be considered to be an exit from the
upper deck of a double-deck vehicle.
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Annex 3
7.6.1.14. All persons accommodated in the lower deck of a double-deck vehicle shall,
in an emergency situation, have access to the exterior of the vehicle without
having to enter the upper deck.
7.6.1.15. The upper deck gangway of a double-deck vehicle shall be connected by one
or more intercommunication staircases to the access passageway of a service
door or to the lower deck gangway within 3 m of a service door:
7.6.1.15.1. At least one and one-half staircases shall be provided in the case of vehicles
of Class I if more than 50 passengers are carried on the upper deck;
7.6.1.15.2. At least one and one-half staircases shall be provided in the case of vehicles
of Class II and Class III if more than 30 passengers are carried on the upper
deck.
7.6.1.16. In the case of a vehicle without a roof, the exits on the deck without a roof
shall be such as to fulfil those prescriptions that are not incompatible with the
absence of the roof.
7.6.1.17. In the case of vehicles of Class A or B, if there is a door opposite the driver's
door it may count as one of the required exits for passengers provided:
7.6.1.17.1. There is not more than one passenger's seat beside the driver's compartment,
and
7.6.1.17.2. It complies with the provisions of paragraph 7.6.1.9. above.
7.6.2. Positioning of exits
7.6.2.1. Vehicles of Classes I, II and III shall meet the requirements shown below.
7.6.2.1.1. The service door(s) shall be situated on the side of the vehicle that is nearer
to the side of the road corresponding to the direction of traffic for which the
vehicle is designed and as declared by the manufacturer in the
communication form of Annex 1, Part I, Appendix 1, paragraph 2.8., to this
Regulation. At least one of them shall be in the forward half of the vehicle.
This shall not preclude:
7.6.2.1.1.1. The provision of a specially designed door in the rear or side faces of a
vehicle for use in place of a service door by wheelchair passengers, or
7.6.2.1.1.2. The provision of an additional door in the rear face of a vehicle principally
for loading/unloading of goods or luggage, but which may be used by
passengers where circumstances so require, or
7.6.2.1.1.3. The provision of one or more additional service door(s) on the opposite side
of the vehicle in the case of vehicles designed for use in circumstances which
require boarding / alighting of passengers on both sides of the vehicle.
Vehicles so equipped shall be provided with control(s) that allow the driver
to inhibit normal operation of the doors that are not currently in use.
7.6.2.2. Vehicles of Classes A and B shall meet the following requirements:
7.6.2.2.1. The service door(s) shall be situated on the side of the vehicle that is nearer
to the side of the road corresponding to the direction of the traffic for which
the vehicle is designed and as declared by the manufacturer in the
communication form of Annex 1, Part I, Appendix 1, paragraph 2.8., to this
Regulation.
7.6.2.2.2. The exits shall be placed in such a way that there is at least one exit on each
side of the vehicle.
7.6.2.2.3. The forward half and the rearward half of the passenger compartment shall
each contain at least one exit.
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Annex 3
7.6.2.3. If the passenger’s compartment has an area S0 equal or greater than 10 m2,
two of the doors referred to in paragraph 7.6.1.1. above shall be separated
such that the distance between transverse vertical planes through their centres
of area is not less than:
7.6.2.3.1. In the case of a single deck vehicle, 40 per cent of the overall length of the
passenger compartment measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle.
In the case of an articulated vehicle, this requirement shall be fulfilled if two
doors of the different sections are separated such that the distance between
the doors is not less than 40 per cent of the overall length of the combined
passenger compartment (all sections).
If one of these two doors forms part of a double door this distance shall be
measured between the two doors which are furthest apart.
7.6.2.3.2. In the case of a double-deck vehicle, two of the doors referred to in
paragraph 7.6.1.1. above shall be separated such that the distance between
transverse vertical planes through their centres of area is not less than
either 25 per cent of the overall length of the vehicle or 40 per cent of the
overall length of the passenger compartment on the lower deck; this shall not
apply if the two doors are on different sides of the vehicle. If one of these two
doors forms part of a double door, this distance shall be measured between
the two doors which are furthest apart.
7.6.2.4. The exits (on each deck in the case of a double-deck vehicle) shall be placed
in such a way that their number on each of the two sides of the vehicle is
substantially the same. (This shall not imply the need to provide additional
exits over and above the number specified in paragraph 7.6.1. above). Any
exists in excess of the required minimum number need not be substantially on
each of the two sides.
7.6.2.5. At least one exit shall be situated either in the rear face or in the front face of
the vehicle:
7.6.2.5.1. In the case of Class I and A vehicles, the requirements of paragraph 7.6.2.5.
above are fulfilled if an escape hatch is fitted; or, if paragraph 7.6.1.12.
applies, an additional exit to those specified in paragraph 7.6.1. above, is
fitted on each side of the vehicle.
7.6.2.5.2. In the case of double-deck vehicles, the requirements of paragraph 7.6.2.5.
above shall apply only to the upper deck.
7.6.2.6. The exits on the same side of the vehicle shall be suitably separated along the
length of the passenger compartment.
7.6.2.7. A door shall, provided that it is not a service door, be permitted in the rear
face of the vehicle.
7.6.2.8. Required escape hatches shall be positioned as follows:
(a) If there is only one hatch, it shall be situated in the middle third of the
passenger compartment; or
(b) If there are two hatches, they shall be separated by a distance of at
least 2 m measured between the nearest edges of the apertures in a line
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
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Annex 3
7.6.3. Minimum dimensions of exits

7.6.3.1. Vehicles of Class I, II or III shall meet the following requirements:
7.6.3.1.1. Service doors shall have an aperture creating an access in accordance with
the requirements shown in paragraph 7.7.1. of this annex.
7.6.3.1.2. Emergency doors shall have an aperture with a minimum height of 1,450 mm
and a minimum width of 600 mm.
7.6.3.1.3. Emergency windows shall have a minimum area of 400,000 mm2. It shall be
possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle measuring 500 mm x 700 mm.
7.6.3.1.4. In the case of an emergency window situated in the rear face of the vehicle,
either it shall meet the requirements shown in paragraph 7.6.3.1.3. above, or
it shall be possible to inscribe in the aperture of this emergency window a
rectangle 350 mm high and 1,550 mm wide, the corners of which may be
rounded to a radius of curvature not exceeding 250 mm.
7.6.3.1.5. Escape hatches shall have an aperture with a minimum area of 450,000 mm².
It shall be possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle measuring
600 mm x 700 mm.
7.6.3.2. Vehicles of Class A or B may meet either the requirements shown in
paragraph 7.6.3.1. above (Class A meeting Class I requirements and Class B
meeting Class II and III requirements) or those contained in Annex 7,
paragraph 1.1.
7.6.4. Technical requirements for all service doors
7.6.4.1. Every service door shall be capable of being easily opened from inside and
from outside the vehicle when the vehicle is stationary (but not necessarily
when the vehicle is moving). However, this requirement shall not be
construed as precluding the possibility of locking the door from the outside,
provided that the door can always be opened from the inside.
7.6.4.2. Every control or device for opening a door from the outside shall be between
1,000 mm and 1,500 mm from the ground and not more than 500 mm from
the door. In vehicles of Classes I, II and III every control or device for
opening a door from the inside shall be between 1,000 mm and 1,500 mm
from the upper surface of the floor or step nearest the control and be not more
than 500 mm from the door. This shall not apply to controls located within
the driver’s area.
7.6.4.3. Every one-piece manually-operated service door which is hinged or pivoted
shall be so hinged or pivoted that if the open door comes into contact with a
stationary object while the vehicle is moving forwards it tends to close.
7.6.4.4. If a manually-operated service door is fitted with a slam lock it shall be of the
two-stage type.
7.6.4.5. On the inside of a service door there shall not be any device intended to cover
the inside steps when the door is closed. This does not exclude the presence
in the step well, when the door is closed, of the door operating mechanism
and other equipment attached to the inside of the door which does not form
an extension of the floor on which passengers may stand. This mechanism
and equipment should not be dangerous for the passengers.
7.6.4.6. If the direct view is not adequate, optical or other devices shall be installed to
enable the driver to detect from his seat the presence of a passenger in the
immediate interior and exterior vicinity of every side service door which is
not an automatically-operated service door.
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Annex 3
In the case of double-deck vehicles of Class I, this requirement also applies to

the interior of all service doors and to the immediate vicinity of each
intercommunication staircase on the upper deck.
In the case of a service door in the rear face of the vehicle not
exceeding 22 passengers, this requirement is satisfied if the driver is able to
detect the presence of a person 1.3 m tall standing 1 m behind the vehicle.
Driving mirrors may be used to meet the requirements of this paragraph
provided that the field of view required for driving is still met.
In the case of doors situated behind the articulated section of an articulated
vehicle, mirrors shall not be deemed to be a sufficient optical device.
7.6.4.7. Every door which opens towards the interior of the vehicle and its
mechanism shall be so constructed that its movement is not likely to cause
injury to passengers in normal conditions of use. Where necessary,
appropriate protection devices shall be fitted.
7.6.4.8. If a service door is located adjacent to a door to a toilet or other internal
compartment the service door shall be proofed against unintentional
operation. However, this requirement shall not apply if the door is locked
automatically when the vehicle is moving at a speed exceeding 5 km/h.
7.6.4.9. In the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers, the
service doors of which are in the rear face of the vehicle, the leaves shall not
be capable of being opened more than 115° nor less than 85° and, when open,
shall be capable of being held automatically in that position. This does not
preclude the ability to override that stop and open the door beyond that angle
when it is safe to do so; for example, to enable reversing against a high
platform for loading or to open the doors through 270° to allow a clear
loading area behind the vehicle.
7.6.4.10. The service door in any open position shall not obstruct the use of, or
required access to, any mandatory exit.
7.6.4.11. If an overnight locking system is provided, the following shall apply:
7.6.4.11.1. The locking system shall have been automatically deactivated when the
ignition is in the "ON" position, or
7.6.4.11.2. A warning shall be provided to the driver indicating that the overnight
locking system remains in operation at one or more door(s) when the ignition
is in the "ON" position. One signal may be used for more than one door.
7.6.5. Additional technical requirements for power-operated service doors
7.6.5.1. In the event of an emergency, every power-operated service door shall be
capable, when the vehicle is stationary or driving at a speed less than or equal
to 5 km/h, of being opened from inside and, when not locked, from outside
by controls which, whether or not the power supply is operating:
7.6.5.1.1. Override all other door controls;
7.6.5.1.2. In the case of interior controls, are placed on, or within 300 mm of, the door,
at a height (except in the case of interior controls for the door referred to in
Annex 8, paragraph 3.9.1) of not less than 1,000 mm above the first step;
7.6.5.1.3. Can be easily seen and clearly identified when approaching the door and
when standing in front of the door and, if additional to the normal opening
controls, be clearly marked for emergency use;
7.6.5.1.4. Can be operated by one person when standing immediately in front of the door;
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Annex 3
7.6.5.1.5. May activate a starting prevention device;

7.6.5.1.6. Cause the door to open to a width that the gauge as defined in
paragraph 7.7.1.1. below can pass through within 8 seconds after the
operation of the control, or enable the door to be easily opened by hand to a
width that the gauge as defined in paragraph 7.7.1.1. below can pass through
within 8 seconds after the operation of the control;
7.6.5.1.7. May be protected by a device which can be easily removed or broken to gain
access to the emergency control; the operation of the emergency control, or
the removal of a protective cover over the control, shall be indicated to the
driver both audibly and visually, and
7.6.5.1.8. In the case of a driver-operated door which does not comply with the
requirements of paragraph 7.6.5.6.2. above, shall be such that after they have
been operated to open the door and returned to their normal position, the door
will not close again until the driver subsequently operates a closing control.
7.6.5.1.9. The doors shall be prevented from opening if the vehicle moves at a speed
higher than 5 km/h.
7.6.5.2. A device may be provided which is operated by the driver from the driving
seat to deactivate the outside emergency controls in order to lock the service
doors from outside. In this case, the outside emergency controls shall be
reactivated automatically either by the starting of the engine or before the
vehicle reaches a speed of 20 km/h. Subsequently, deactivation of the outside
emergency controls shall not occur automatically, but shall require a further
action by the driver.
7.6.5.3. Every driver-operated service door shall be capable of operation by the driver
when in the driving seat using controls which, except in the case of a foot
control, are clearly and distinctively marked.
7.6.5.4. Every power-operated service door shall activate a visual tell-tale, which
shall be plainly visible to the driver when seated in the normal driving
position in any normal ambient lighting condition, to warn that a door is not
fully closed. This tell-tale shall signal whenever the rigid structure of the
door is between the fully open position and a point 30 mm from the fully
closed position. One tell-tale may serve for one or more doors. However, no
such tell-tale shall be fitted in respect of a front service door which does not
comply with the requirements of paragraphs 7.6.5.6.1.1. and 7.6.5.6.1.2.
below.
7.6.5.5. Where controls are provided for the driver to open and close a power-
operated service door, they shall be such that the driver is able to reverse the
movement of the door at any time during the closing or opening process.
7.6.5.6. The construction and control system of every power-operated service door
shall be such that a passenger is unlikely to be injured by the door or trapped
in the door as it closes.
7.6.5.6.1. This requirement shall be considered satisfied if the following two
requirements are met:
7.6.5.6.1.1. The first requirement is that when the closing of the door at any measuring
point described in Annex 6 is resisted by a clamping force not exceeding
150 N, the door shall reopen automatically to its fullest extent and, except in
the case of an automatically-operated service door, remain open until a
closing control is operated. The clamping force may be measured by any
method to the satisfaction of the Type Approval Authority. Guidelines are
given in Annex 6 to this Regulation. The peak force may be higher than
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Annex 3
150 N for a short time provided that it does not exceed 300 N. The reopening
system may be checked by means of a test bar having a section of
height 60 mm, width 30 mm with corners radiused to 5 mm.
7.6.5.6.1.2. The second requirement is that whenever the doors are closed onto the wrist
or fingers of a passenger:
7.6.5.6.1.2.1. The door reopens automatically to its fullest extent and, except in the case of
an automatically-operated service door, remains open until a closing control
is operated, or
7.6.5.6.1.2.2. The wrist or fingers can be readily extracted from the doors without risk of
injury to the passenger. This requirement may be checked by hand, or by
means of the test bar mentioned in paragraph 7.6.5.6.1.1. above, tapered at
one end over a length of 300 mm from a thickness of 30 mm to a thickness of
5 mm. It shall not be treated with polish nor lubricated. If the door traps the
bar it shall be capable of being easily removed, or
7.6.5.6.1.2.3. The door is maintained at a position allowing the free passage of a test bar
having a section of height 60 mm, width 20 mm, with corners radiused
to 5 mm. This position shall not be more than 30 mm distant from the fully
closed position.
7.6.5.6.2. In the case of a front service door the requirement of paragraph 7.6.5.6.
above shall be considered satisfied if the door:
7.6.5.6.2.1. Fulfils the requirements of paragraphs 7.6.5.6.1.1. and 7.6.5.6.1.2. above, or
7.6.5.6.2.2. Is fitted with soft edges; these shall not, however be so soft that if the doors
are closed on the test bar mentioned in paragraph 7.6.5.6.1.1. above the rigid
structure of the doors will reach the fully closed position.
7.6.5.7. Where a power-operated service door is held closed only by the continued
application of the power supply there shall be provided a visual warning
device to inform the driver of any failure in the power supply to the doors.
7.6.5.8. A starting prevention device, if fitted, shall be effective only at speeds of less
than 5 km/h and shall be incapable of operation above that speed.
7.6.5.9. If the vehicle is not fitted with a starting prevention device, an audible
warning to the driver shall be activated if the vehicle is driven away from rest
when any power-operated service door is not fully closed. This audible
warning shall be activated at a speed exceeding 5 km/h for doors complying
with the requirements of paragraph 7.6.5.6.1.2.3. above.
7.6.6. Additional technical requirements for automatically-operated service doors
7.6.6.1. Activation of the opening controls.
7.6.6.1.1. Except as provided in paragraph 7.6.5.1. above, the opening controls of every
automatically-operated service door shall be capable of being activated and
deactivated only by the driver from his seat.
7.6.6.1.2. Activation and deactivation may be either direct, by means of a switch, or
indirect, for example by opening and closing the front service door.
7.6.6.1.3. Activation of the opening controls by the driver shall be indicated inside and,
where a door is to be opened from outside, also on the outside of the vehicle;
the indicator (e.g. illuminated push-button, illuminated sign) shall be on or
adjacent to the door to which it relates.
7.6.6.1.4. In the case of direct actuation by means of a switch the functional state of the
system shall be clearly indicated to the driver, by, for example, the position
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Annex 3
of the switch or an indicator lamp or an illuminated switch. The switch shall

be specially marked and arranged in such a way that it cannot be confused
with other controls.
7.6.6.2. Opening of automatically-operated service doors.
7.6.6.2.1. After activation of the opening controls by the driver it shall be possible for
passengers to open the door as follows:
7.6.6.2.1.1. From inside, for example by pressing a push-button or passing a light barrier,
and
7.6.6.2.1.2. From outside, except in the case of a door intended only as an exit and
marked as such, by, for example, pressing an illuminated push-button, a
push-button beneath an illuminated sign, or a similar device marked with a
suitable instruction.
7.6.6.2.2. The pressing of the push-buttons mentioned in paragraph 7.6.6.2.1.1. above,
and the use of the means of communication with the driver mentioned in
paragraph 7.7.9.1. below, may send a signal which is stored and which, after
the activation of the opening controls by the driver, effects the opening of the
door.
7.6.6.3. Closing of automatically-operated service doors.
7.6.6.3.1. When an automatically-operated service door has opened it shall close again
automatically after a time interval has elapsed. If a passenger enters or leaves
the vehicle during this time interval, a safety device (e.g. a footboard contact,
light barrier, one-way gate) shall ensure that the time until the door closes is
sufficiently extended.
7.6.6.3.2. If the passenger enters or leaves the vehicle while the door is closing, the
closing process shall be interrupted automatically and the door shall return to
the open position. The reversal may be actuated by one of the safety devices
referred to in paragraph 7.6.6.3.1. above or by any other device.
7.6.6.3.3. A door that has closed automatically in accordance with paragraph 7.6.6.3.1.
above shall be capable of being opened again by a passenger in accordance
with paragraph 7.6.6.2. below; this shall not apply if the driver has
deactivated the opening controls.
7.6.6.3.4. After deactivation of the opening controls of the automatically-operated
service doors by the driver, open doors shall close in accordance with
paragraphs 7.6.6.3.1. and 7.6.6.3.2. above.
7.6.6.4. Inhibition of the automatic closing process on doors marked for special service,
e.g. for passengers with prams, passengers with reduced mobility, etc.
7.6.6.4.1. The driver shall be able to inhibit the automatic closing process by actuation
of a special control. A passenger shall also be able to inhibit the automatic
closing process directly by pressing a special push-button.
7.6.6.4.2. The inhibition of the automatic closing process shall be indicated to the
driver, e.g. by a visual tell-tale.
7.6.6.4.3. Re-establishment of the automatic closing process shall in any case be
capable of being done by the driver.
7.6.6.4.4. Paragraph 7.6.6.3. above shall apply to the subsequent closing of the door.
7.6.7. Technical requirements for emergency doors
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7.6.7.1. Emergency doors shall be capable of being easily opened from inside and
from outside when the vehicle is stationary. However, this requirement shall
not be construed as precluding the possibility of locking the door from the
outside, provided that the door can always be opened from the inside by the
use of the normal opening mechanism.
7.6.7.2. Emergency doors, during their use as such, shall not be of the power-operated
type unless, once either a service door control prescribed in
paragraph 7.6.5.1. above, or a control for a dedicated emergency door
complying with the provisions of paragraph 7.6.5.1. has been actuated and
returned to its normal position, the doors do not close again until the driver
subsequently operates a closing control. Activation of one of the controls
prescribed in paragraph 7.6.5.1. above shall cause the door to open to a
width that the gauge as defined in paragraph 7.7.2.1. below can pass
through within a maximum of 8 seconds after the operation of the control, or
enable the door to be easily opened by hand to a width that the gauge can
pass through within a maximum of 8 seconds after the operation of the
control. In addition emergency doors shall not be of the sliding type except in
the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers. For these
vehicles a sliding door, which has been shown to be capable of being opened
without the use of tools after a frontal barrier collision test in accordance with
Regulation No. 33, can be accepted as an emergency door.
7.6.7.3. Every control or device for opening an emergency door (on the lower deck in
the case of a double-deck vehicle) from the outside shall be
between 1,000 mm and 1,500 mm from the ground and not more than 500 mm
from the door. In vehicles of Classes I, II and III every control or device for
opening an emergency door from the inside shall be between 1,000 mm
and 1,500 mm from the upper surface of the floor or step nearest to the control
and be not more than 500 mm from the door. This shall not apply to controls
located within the driver's area.
Alternatively, the control referred to in paragraph 7.6.7.2. above for opening
a power-operated door may be placed according to paragraph 7.6.5.1.2.
above.
7.6.7.4. Hinged emergency doors fitted to the side of the vehicle shall be hinged at
their forward edge and shall open outwards. Check straps, chains or other
restraining devices shall be permitted, provided that they do not prevent the
door from opening to, and remaining open at, an angle of at least
100 degrees. If a means is provided sufficient to give free passage to the
emergency door access gauge, the 100 degrees minimum angle requirement
shall not apply.
7.6.7.5. Emergency doors shall be proofed against unintentional operation. However,
this requirement shall not apply if the emergency door is locked
automatically when the vehicle is moving at a speed exceeding 5 km/h.
7.6.7.6. All emergency doors shall be provided with an audible device to warn the
driver when they are not securely closed. The warning device shall be
operated by movement of the door catch or handle and not by movement of
the door itself.
7.6.7.7. If an overnight locking system is provided, the following shall apply:
7.6.7.7.1. The locking system shall have been automatically deactivated when the
ignition is in the "ON" position, or
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Annex 3
7.6.7.7.2. A warning shall be provided to the driver indicating that the overnight
locking system remains in operation at one or more door(s) when the ignition
is in the "ON" position. One signal may be used for more than one door.
7.6.8. Technical requirements for emergency windows.
7.6.8.1. Every hinged or ejectable emergency window shall open outwards. Ejectable
types shall not become totally detached from the vehicle when operated. The
operation of ejectable windows shall be such that inadvertent ejection is
effectively prevented.
7.6.8.2. Every emergency window shall:
7.6.8.2.1. Either be capable of being easily and instantaneously operated from inside
and from outside the vehicle by means of a device recognised as satisfactory,
or
7.6.8.2.2. Be made of readily-breakable safety glass. This latter provision precludes the
possibility of using panes of laminated glass or of plastic material. A device
shall be provided adjacent to each emergency window, readily available to
persons inside the vehicle, to ensure that each window can be broken. The
device for breaking the glass for the emergency windows at the rear of the
vehicle shall be positioned either centrally above or below the emergency
window or, alternatively, a device shall be positioned adjacent to each end of
the window.
7.6.8.3. Every emergency window which can be locked from the outside shall be so
constructed as to be capable of being opened at all times from inside the
vehicle.
7.6.8.4. If the emergency window is of a type horizontally hinged at the top edge, an
appropriate device shall be provided to hold it fully open. Every hinged
emergency window shall operate so as not to obstruct clear passage from
inside or outside the vehicle.
7.6.8.5. The height of the lower edge of an emergency window fitted in the side of
the vehicle from the general level of the floor immediately below it
(excluding any local variations such as the presence of a wheel or
transmission housing) shall be not more than 1,200 mm nor less than 650 mm
in the case of a hinged emergency window, or 500 mm in the case of a
window made of breakable glass.
However, in the case of a hinged emergency window, the height of the lower
edge may be reduced to a minimum of 500 mm provided that the window
aperture is equipped with a guard up to a height of 650 mm to prevent the
possibility of passengers falling out of the vehicle. Where the window
aperture is equipped with a guard, the size of the window aperture above the
guard shall not be less than the minimum size prescribed for an emergency
window.
7.6.8.6. Every hinged emergency window which is not clearly visible from the
driver’s seat shall be fitted with an audible warning device to warn the driver
when it is not completely closed. The window lock, and not the movement of
the window itself, shall actuate this device.
7.6.9. Technical requirements for escape hatches.
7.6.9.1. Every escape hatch shall operate so as not to obstruct the clear passage from
inside or outside the vehicle.
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7.6.9.2. Roof escape hatches shall be ejectable, hinged or made of readily-breakable

safety glass. Floor hatches shall be either hinged or ejectable and shall be
fitted with an audible warning device to warn the driver when it is not
securely closed. The floor escape hatch lock, and not the movement of the
hatch itself, shall actuate this device. Floor escape hatches shall be proofed
against unintentional operation. However this requirement shall not apply if
the floor hatch is locked automatically when the vehicle is moving at a speed
exceeding 5 km/h.
7.6.9.3. Ejectable types shall not become totally detached from the vehicle when
operated such that the hatch is not a danger to other road users. The operation
of ejectable escape hatches shall be such that inadvertent operation is
effectively prevented. Floor ejectable hatches shall eject only into the
passenger compartment.
7.6.9.4. Hinged escape hatches shall hinge along the edge towards the front or rear of
the vehicle and shall hinge through an angle of at least 100 degrees. Hinged
floor escape hatches shall hinge into the passenger compartment.
7.6.9.5. Escape hatches shall be capable of being easily opened or removed from the
inside and from the outside. However, this requirement shall not be construed
as precluding the possibility of locking the escape hatch for the purpose of
securing the vehicle when unattended, provided that the escape hatch can
always be opened or removed from the inside by the use of the normal
opening or removal mechanism. In the case of a readily-breakable hatch, a
device shall be provided adjacent to the hatch, readily available to persons
inside the vehicle, to ensure that the hatch can be broken.
7.6.10. Technical requirements for retractable steps
Retractable steps if fitted shall comply with the following requirements:
7.6.10.1. The operation of retractable steps may be synchronised with that of the
corresponding service or emergency door;
7.6.10.2. When the door is closed no part of the retractable step shall project more
than 10 mm beyond the adjacent line of the body work;
7.6.10.3. When the door is open and the retractable step is in the extended position, the
surface area shall conform to the requirements of paragraph 7.7.7. of this
annex;
7.6.10.4. In the case of a power-operated step, it shall not be possible for the vehicle to
move from rest, under its own power, when the step is in the extended
position. In the case of a manually operated step, an audible indication shall
alert the driver when the step is not fully retracted.
7.6.10.5. A power-operated step shall not be capable of being extended when the
vehicle is in motion. If the device to operate the step fails, the step shall
retract and remain in the retracted position. However, the operation of the
corresponding door shall not be hindered in the event of such a failure or by
the step being damaged or obstructed.
7.6.10.6. When a passenger is standing on a power-operated retractable step, the
corresponding door shall be incapable of being closed. Compliance with this
requirement shall be checked by placing a mass of 15 kg, representing a
small child, at the centre of the step. This requirement shall not apply to any
door within the driver’s direct field of view.
7.6.10.7. (Reserved)
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Annex 3
7.6.10.8. The corners of retractable steps facing forwards or rearwards shall be

rounded to a radius of not less than 5 mm; the edges shall be rounded to a
radius of not less than 2.5 mm;
7.6.10.9. When the passenger door is open, the retractable step shall be securely held
in the extended position. When a mass of 136 kg is placed in the centre of a
single step or a mass of 272 kg is placed in the centre of a double step the
deflection at any point on the step, measured relative to the body of vehicle,
shall not exceed 10 mm.
7.6.11. Safety signs
7.6.11.1. All safety signs shall comply with requirements contained in paragraph 6.5.
of ISO standard 3864-1:2011.
7.6.11.2. Each safety sign required by this Regulation shall be used to communicate
only one safety message. The information provided shall be in the form of
pictograms, however, words, letters and numbers may supplement the
pictogram in combination on the same sign. It shall be located and orientated
so as to be easily understood.
7.6.11.2.1. Safety signs shall follow the principles shown in the example layouts below,
i.e. a header section depicting the safety message, a second section containing
instructional information and a third, optional, footer section for non-critical
text.
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Annex 3
7.6.11.2.2. Pictograms indicating required actions by the user shall show a person, or the
relevant part of a person, operating the equipment or device.
7.6.11.2.3. Pictograms indicating a required movement shall, where appropriate, show
an arrow pointing in the direction of motion. Where a rotational movement is
required, a curved arrow shall be used.
7.6.11.2.4. Where devices are to be operated, panels removed or doors opened, the
pictogram shall indicate the action in progress.
7.6.11.2.5. The lower case letter(s) of supplementary words, single letters and numbers
shall have a minimum height of 8 mm. Words shall not be in upper case
letters only.
7.6.11.3. All safety signs that are visible from the inside of the vehicle shall be of
photo-luminescent material having luminance decay characteristics
conforming, as a minimum, to sub-classification C in Table 2 of ISO
Standard 17398:2004, when measured in accordance with paragraph 7.11. of
that standard.
7.6.11.4. Safety signs shall not be located in positions where they may be obscured
during operation of the vehicle. However, a curtain or blind may be
positioned over an emergency window provided an additional safety sign
indicates that the emergency window is located behind the curtain or blind.
7.6.11.5. Each emergency exit, and any other exit that meets the prescriptions for an
emergency exit, shall be marked by one of the relevant pictograms described
in Table 3 of ISO Standard 7010:2011; pictograms shall be legible from both
the inside and the outside of the vehicle.
7.6.11.6. Safety signs shall be positioned adjacent to, or surround, or be on, all internal
and external emergency controls and device(s) for breaking emergency
window(s).
7.6.11.7. No part of a safety sign shall obscure any misuse protection that may be
present, e.g. a cover.
7.6.11.8. The language in which any textual safety sign intended to comply with
paragraphs 7.6.11.1. to 7.6.11.7. above are to be inscribed shall be
determined by the approving authority bearing in mind the country /
countries in which the applicant intends to market the vehicle in liaison if
necessary with the competent authorities of the country / countries
concerned. If the authority of the country / countries where the vehicle is to
be registered has the language changed, this change shall imply no new type
approval process.
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Annex 3
7.6.12. Service-door lighting

7.6.12.1. Service-door lighting may be provided to illuminate the flat, horizontal
portion of the ground defined in paragraph 7.6.12.2.2. below so as to aid
passengers boarding and alighting the vehicle and to enable the presence of a
passenger within this portion of the ground to be detected by the driver from
his seat.
7.6.12.2. Service-door lighting, if fitted, shall:
7.6.12.2.1. Be of white colour;
7.6.12.2.2. Illuminate a flat, horizontal portion of the ground having a width of 2 m
measured from a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane of
the vehicle which passes through the outermost point of the closed service
door and over a length extending from a transverse plane which passes
through the foremost edge of the closed service door to a transverse plane
passing through the centre line of the foremost wheels situated to the rear of
the service door, or, in the case where there are no such wheels, to a
transverse plane passing through the rear of the vehicle;
7.6.12.2.3. Have limited dazzle outside a zone on the ground having a maximum width
of 5 m measured from the side of the vehicle and a maximum length limited
by a transverse plane passing through the front of the vehicle and a transverse
plane passing through the rear of the vehicle;
7.6.12.2.4. If the lower edge of the lighting device is less than 2 m from the ground, not
project more than 50 mm beyond the overall width of the vehicle measured
without this device and have radii of curvature of not less than 2.5 mm;
7.6.12.2.5. Be activated and deactivated manually by a separate switch; and
7.6.12.2.6. Be installed so that the device can only be switched on when a service door is
operated and the vehicle speed does not exceed 5 km/h and is switched off
automatically before the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 5 km/h.
7.7. Interior arrangements
7.7.1. Access to service doors (see Annex 4, Figure l)
7.7.1.1. The free space extending inwards into the vehicle from the side wall in which
the door is mounted shall permit the free passage of one test gauge having the
dimensions of either test gauge 1 or test gauge 2 specified in Annex 4,
Figure 1.
The test gauge shall be maintained parallel with the door aperture as it is
moved from the starting position, where the plane of the face nearest to the
interior of the vehicle is tangential to the outermost edge of the aperture, to
the position where it touches the first step, after which it shall be kept at right
angles to the probable direction of motion of a person using the entrance.
7.7.1.2. (Reserved).
7.7.1.3. When the centre line of this test gauge has traversed a distance of 300 mm
from its starting position and the test gauge is touching the surface of the step
or floor, it shall be retained in that position.
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Annex 3
7.7.1.4. The cylindrical figure (see Annex 4, Figure 6) used for testing the gangway
clearance shall then be moved starting from the gangway, in the probable
direction of motion of a person leaving the vehicle, until its centre line has
reached the vertical plane which contains the top edge of the uppermost step,
or until a plane tangential to the upper cylinder touches the dual panel,
whichever occurs first, and retained in that position (see Annex 4, Figure 2).
7.7.1.5. Between the cylindrical figure, at the position set out in paragraph 7.7.1.4.,
and the dual panel, at the position set out in paragraph 7.7.1.3.above, there
shall be a free space whose upper and lower limits are shown in Annex 4,
Figure 2. This free space shall permit the free passage of a vertical panel
whose form and dimensions are the same as the cylindrical form
(paragraph 7.7.5.1. below), central section and a thickness of no more than
20 mm. This panel shall be moved, from the cylindrical form tangential
position, until its external side is in contact with the dual panel interior side,
touching the plane or planes defined by the step upper edges, in the probable
direction of motion of a person using the entrance (see Annex 4, Figure 2).
7.7.1.6. The free passage clearance for this figure shall not include any space
extending to 300 mm in front of any uncompressed seat cushion of a forward
or rearward facing seat, or 225 mm in the case of sideways-facing seats and
to the height of the top of the seat cushion (see Annex 4, Figure 25).
7.7.1.7. In the case of folding seats, this space shall be determined with the seat in the
position of use.
7.7.1.8. However, one or more folding seat(s) for use by the crew may obstruct the
access passage to a service door when in the position of use provided that:
7.7.1.8.1. It is clearly indicated, both in the vehicle itself and on the communication
form (see Annex 1), that the seat is for the use of crew only;
7.7.1.8.2. When the seat is not in use it folds automatically as necessary to enable the
requirements of paragraphs 7.7.1.1. or 7.7.1.2. and 7.7.1.3., 7.7.1.4. and
7.7.1.5. of this annex to be met;
7.7.1.8.3. The door is not considered to be a mandatory exit for the purpose of
paragraph 7.6.1.4. of this annex;
7.7.1.8.4. When the seat is in the position of use, and when it is in the folded position,
no part of it shall be forward of a vertical plane passing through the centre of
the seating surface of the driver’s seat in its rearmost position and through the
centre of the exterior rear-view mirror mounted on the opposite side of the
vehicle.
7.7.1.9. In the case of vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers a
doorway and the route by which passengers gain access to it shall be
considered unobstructed if they have:
7.7.1.9.1. Measured parallel with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, there is a
clearance of not less than 220 mm at any point and 550 mm at any point
being more than 500 mm above the floor or steps (Annex 4, Figure 3).
7.7.1.9.2. Measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, there is a
clearance of not less than 300 mm at any point and 550 mm at any point
being more than 1,200 mm above the floor or steps or less than 300 mm
below the ceiling (Annex 4, Figure 4).
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Annex 3
7.7.1.10. The service door and emergency door dimensions in paragraph 7.6.3.1. and
the requirements of paragraphs 7.7.1.1. to 7.7.1.7., 7.7.2.1. to 7.7.2.3.,
7.7.5.1. and 7.7.8.5. of this annex shall not apply to a vehicle of class B with
a technically permissible maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes and up to
12 passenger seats in which each seat has unobstructed access to at least two
doors.
7.7.1.11. The maximum slope of the floor in the access passage shall not exceed 5 per cent.
7.7.1.12. The surface of access passages shall be slip-resistant.
7.7.2. Access to emergency doors (see Annex 4, Figure 5)
The following requirements shall not apply to driver’s doors used as
emergency exits in vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers.
7.7.2.1. Except as provided for in paragraph 7.7.2.4. below, the free space between
the gangway and the emergency door aperture shall permit the free passage
of a vertical cylinder 300 mm in diameter and 700 mm high from the floor
and supporting a second vertical cylinder 550 mm in diameter, the aggregate
height of the assembly being 1,400 mm.
The diameter of the upper cylinder may be reduced at the top to 400 mm
when a chamfer not exceeding 30 degrees from the horizontal is included.
7.7.2.2. The base of the first cylinder shall be within the projection of the second
cylinder.
7.7.2.3. Where folding seats are installed alongside this passage, the free space for the
cylinder shall be required to be determined when the seat is in the position for
use.
7.7.2.4. As an alternative to the dual cylinder, the gauging device described in
paragraph 7.7.5.1. below may be used (see Annex 4, Figure 6).
7.7.3. Access to emergency windows
7.7.3.1. It shall be possible to move a test gauge from the gangway to the exterior of
the vehicle through every emergency window.
7.7.3.2. The direction of motion of the test gauge shall be in the direction in which a
passenger evacuating the vehicle would be expected to move. The test gauge
shall be kept perpendicular to that direction of motion and shall not meet any
obstacle.
7.7.3.3. The test gauge shall be in the form of a thin plate having a size of
600 mm x 400 mm with corners radiused by 200 mm. However, in the case
of an emergency window in the rear face of the vehicle, the test gauge may
alternatively have a size of 1400 mm x 350 mm with corners radiused
by 175 mm.
7.7.4. Access to escape hatches
7.7.4.1. Escape hatches in the roof
7.7.4.1.1. Except in the case of Class I and A vehicles, at least one escape hatch shall
be located such that a four-sided truncated pyramid having a side angle
of 20 degrees and a height of 1,600 mm touches part of a seat or equivalent
support. The axis of the pyramid shall be vertical and its smaller section shall
contact the aperture area of the escape hatch. Supports may be foldable or
movable provided they can be locked in their position of use. This position
shall be taken for verification.
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Annex 3
7.7.4.1.2. When the structural thickness of the roof is more than 150 mm, the smaller
section of the pyramid shall contact the aperture area of the escape hatch at
the level of the outside surface of the roof.
7.7.4.2. Escape hatches in the floor.
In the case of an escape hatch fitted in the floor, the hatch shall give direct
and free access to the exterior of the vehicle and be fitted where there is a
clear space above the hatch equivalent to the height of the gangway. Any heat
source or moving components shall be at least 500 mm from any part of the
hatch aperture.
It shall be possible to move a test gauge in the form of a thin plate having
dimensions 600 mm x 400 mm with corners radiused by 200 mm in a
horizontal position from a height above the floor of the vehicle of 1 m to the
ground.
7.7.5. Gangways (see Annex 4, Figure 6)
7.7.5.1. The gangway(s) of a vehicle shall be so designed and constructed as to
permit the free passage of a gauging device consisting of two co-axial
cylinders with an inverted truncated cone interposed between them, the
gauging device having the dimensions shown in Annex 4, Figure 6.
The gauging device may come into contact with strap hangers, if fitted, or
other flexible objects such as seat belt components and move them easily
away.
In vehicles of Classes I and A, the gauging device according to Annex 4,
Figure 6 shall not come into contact with any monitor or display device
mounted from the ceiling above the gangway.
In vehicles of Classes II, III and B, the gauging device according to Annex 4,
Figure 6 may come into contact with any monitor or display device mounted
from the ceiling above the gangway provided the maximum force necessary
to move any such monitor or display device out of the way, when applying
the gauging device along the gangway in both directions, does not exceed
20 Newton. After being moved out of the way, the monitor or display device
shall remain in the retracted position.
7.7.5.1.1. If there is no exit forward of a seat or row of seats
7.7.5.1.1.1. In the case of forward-facing seats, the front edge of the cylindrical gauge
defined in paragraph 7.7.5.1. above shall reach at least until the transverse
vertical plane tangential to the foremost point of the foremost front row seat
back and be retained in that position. From this plane, it shall be possible to
move the panel shown in Annex 4, Figure 7, in such a way that starting from
the contact position with the cylindrical gauge, the panel side facing the
exterior of the vehicle is displaced forwards a distance of 660 mm.
7.7.5.1.1.2. In the case of sideways facing seats, the forward part of the cylindrical gauge
shall reach at least the transversal plane which coincides with a vertical plane
passing through the centre of the forward seat. (Annex 4, Figure 7).
7.7.5.1.1.3. In the case of rearward facing seats, the forward part of the cylindrical gauge
shall reach at least the transverse vertical plane tangential to the face of the
seat cushions of the forward row or seat (Annex 4, Figure 7).
7.7.5.2. (Reserved)
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Annex 3
7.7.5.3. On vehicles of Class III the seats on one side or on both sides of the gangway
may be movable laterally, it being then possible to reduce the width of the
gangway to a figure corresponding to a lower cylinder diameter of 220 mm,
on condition that the operation of a control on each seat, readily accessible to
a person standing in the gangway, shall be sufficient to cause the seat to
return easily and, if possible, automatically, even when it is loaded, to the
position corresponding to a minimum width of 300 mm.
7.7.5.4. On articulated vehicles, the gauging device defined in paragraph 7.7.5.1.
above shall be able to pass unobstructed through the articulated section on
any deck where the two sections permit through passage by passengers. No
part of the soft covering of that section, including parts of bellows, shall
project into the gangway.
7.7.5.5. Steps may be fitted in the gangways. The width of such steps shall not be less
than the width of the gangway at the top of the steps.
7.7.5.6. Folding seats allowing passengers to sit in the gangway shall not be
permitted. Folding seats shall, however, be permitted in other areas of the
vehicle so long as they do not obstruct the passage down the gangway of the
gangway test gauge when in the open (seating) position.
7.7.5.7. Laterally-sliding seats which in one position encroach on the gangway shall
not be permitted except on vehicles of Class III and subject to the conditions
prescribed in paragraph 7.7.5.3. above.
7.7.5.8. In the case of vehicles to which paragraph 7.7.1.9. of this annex applies, a
gangway shall not be necessary provided the access dimensions specified in
that paragraph are respected.
7.7.5.9. The surface of gangways shall be slip-resistant.
7.7.6. Slope of gangway
The slope of the gangway shall not exceed:
7.7.6.1. In the longitudinal direction:
7.7.6.1.1. Eight per cent in the case of a vehicle of Class I, II or A, or
7.7.6.1.2. 12.5 per cent in the case of a vehicle of Classes III and B, and
7.7.6.2. In the transversal direction, 5 per cent for all classes.
7.7.7. Steps (see Annex 4, Figure 8)
7.7.7.1. The maximum and minimum height, and the minimum depth, of steps for
passengers at service and emergency doors, and within the vehicle, are
specified in Annex 4, Figure 8.
7.7.7.1.1. Any transition from a sunken gangway to a seating area shall not be
considered to be a step. However, the vertical distance between the gangway
surface and the floor of the seating area shall not exceed 350 mm.
7.7.7.2. The height of a step shall be measured at the centre of its width at the outer
edge, the tyre equipment and pressure being as specified by the manufacturer
for the technically permissible maximum laden mass (M).
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Annex 3
7.7.7.3. The height of the first step in relation to the ground shall be measured with
the vehicle on level ground, at its mass in running order as defined in
paragraph 2.18. of this Regulation, and the tyre equipment and pressure being
as specified by the manufacturer for the technically permissible maximum
laden mass (M) declared in accordance with paragraph 2.19. of this
Regulation.
7.7.7.4. Where there is more than one step, each step may extend into the area of the
vertical projection of the next step by up to 100 mm and the projection over
the tread below shall leave a free surface of at least 200 mm (see Annex 4,
Figure 8) with all step nosings being designed such as to minimize the risk of
tripping. All step nosings shall contrast visually with their immediate
surroundings.
7.7.7.5. The width and shape of every step shall be such that a rectangle as indicated
in the table below can be placed on that step with not more than 5 per cent of
the area of the appropriate rectangle overhanging the step. At a double
doorway each half of the doorway shall fulfil this requirement.
Number of passengers > 22 ≤ 22
Area First step (mm) 400 x 300 400 x 200

Other steps (mm) 400 x 200 400 x 200
7.7.7.6. All steps shall have a slip-resistant surface.

7.7.7.7. The maximum slope of the step in any direction shall not exceed 5 per cent.
7.7.8. Passenger seats (including folding seats) and space for seated passengers
7.7.8.1. Minimum seat width (see Annex 4, Figure 9)
7.7.8.1.1. The minimum width of the seat cushion, dimension "F" (Annex 4, Figure 9),
measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of that seating
position, shall be:
7.7.8.1.1.1. 200 mm in the case of Class I, II, A or B; or
7.7.8.1.1.2. 225 mm in the case of Class III.
7.7.8.1.2. The minimum width of the available space for each seating position,
dimension "G" (Annex 4, Figure 9), measured from a vertical plane passing
through the centre of that seating position at height between 270 mm
and 650 mm above the uncompressed seat cushion, shall be not less than:
7.7.8.1.2.1. 250 mm in the case of individual seats; or
7.7.8.1.2.2. 225 mm in the case of continuous rows of seats for two or more passengers.
7.7.8.1.3. For vehicles not exceeding a width of 2.35 m:
7.7.8.1.3.1. The width of the available space for each seating position, measured from a
vertical plane passing through the centre of that seating position at heights
between 270 mm and 650 mm above the uncompressed seat cushion, shall be
200 mm (see Annex 4, Figure 9A). In case of compliance with this paragraph
the requirements of paragraph 7.7.8.1.2. above shall not apply; and
7.7.8.1.3.2. In the case of vehicles of Class III, the minimum width of the seat cushion,
dimension "F" (Annex 4, Figure 9A), measured from a vertical plane passing
through the centre of that seating position, shall be a minimum of 200 mm. In
case of compliance with this paragraph the requirements of
paragraph 7.7.8.1.1.2. above shall not apply.
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Annex 3
7.7.8.1.4. For vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers, in the case of
seats adjacent to the wall of the vehicle, the available space does not include,
in its upper part, a triangular area 20 mm wide by 100 mm high (see Annex 4,
Figure 10). In addition, the space needed for safety belts and their anchorages
and for the sun visor should be considered as exempted.
7.7.8.1.5. In measuring the gangway width, no account shall be taken of whether or not
the available space defined above protrudes into the gangway.
7.7.8.2. Minimum depth of seat cushion (dimension K, see Annex 4, Figure 11)
The minimum depth of a seat cushion shall be:
7.7.8.2.1. 350 mm in vehicles of Class I, A or B, and
7.7.8.2.2. 400 mm in vehicles of Class II or Class III.
7.7.8.3. Height of seat cushion (dimension H, see Annex 4, Figure 11a)
The height of the uncompressed seat cushion relative to the floor shall be
such that the distance from the floor to a horizontal plane tangential to the
front upper surface of the seat cushion is between 400 mm and 500 mm: this
height may however be reduced to not less than 350 mm at the wheel arches
(taking into account the allowances permitted in paragraph 7.7.8.5.2. below)
and at the engine/transmission compartment.
7.7.8.4. Seat spacing (see Annex 4, Figure 12)
7.7.8.4.1. In the case of seats facing in the same direction, the distance between the
front of a seat squab and the back of the squab of the seat preceding it
(dimension H), shall, when measured horizontally and at all heights above
the floor between the level of the top surface of the seat cushion and a
point 620 mm above the floor, not be less than:
Classes I, A and B 650 mm

Classes II and III 680 mm
7.7.8.4.2. All measurements shall be taken, with the seat cushion and squab
uncompressed, in a vertical plane passing through the centreline of the
individual seating place.
7.7.8.4.3. Where transverse seats face one another the minimum distance between the
front faces of the seat squabs of facing seats, as measured across the highest
points of the seat cushions, shall be not less than 1,300 mm.
7.7.8.4.4. Measurements shall be taken with reclining passenger seats and adjustable
driving seats with their seat backs and other seat adjustments in the normal
position of use specified by the manufacturer.
7.7.8.4.5. Measurements shall be taken with any folding table fitted to a seat back in the
folded (stowed) position.
7.7.8.4.6. Seats which are mounted on a track or other system which permits the
operator or the user to easily vary the interior configuration of the vehicle
shall be measured in the normal position of use specified by the manufacturer
in the application for approval.
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Annex 3
7.7.8.5. Space for seated passengers (see Annex 4, Figure 13)

7.7.8.5.1. For a seat behind a partition or other rigid structure other than a seat, a
minimum clear space in front of each required passenger seating space (as
defined in paragraph 7.7.8.6. below) shall be provided as shown in Annex 4,
Figure 13. A partition whose contour corresponds approximately to that of
the inclined seat back may intrude into this space. In the case of seats
alongside the driver’s seat in vehicles of Class A or B, intrusion of the
dashboard, instrument panel, gear change control, windscreen, sun visor, seat
belts and seat belt anchorages shall be allowed.
7.7.8.5.2. For a seat behind a seat and/or a seat facing the gangway, a minimum clear
foot space of at least 300 mm depth and a width according to
paragraph 7.7.8.1.1. of this annex, shall be provided as shown in Annex 4,
Figure 11b. The local presence in this space of seat legs, passenger footrests
and of intrusions as provided by paragraph 7.7.8.6. below shall be permitted
provided that adequate space remains for the passengers’ feet. This foot space
may partly be situated in and/or above the gangway but shall not create any
obstruction when measuring the minimum gangway-width in accordance
with paragraph 7.7.5. In the case of seats alongside the driver’s seat in
vehicles of Class A or B, intrusion of the seat belts and seat belt anchorages
shall be allowed.
7.7.8.5.3. The minimum number of priority seats complying with the requirements of
Annex 8, paragraph 3.2. shall be four in Class I, two in Class II and one in
Class A. A seat that folds out of the way when not in use shall not be
designated as a priority seat.
7.7.8.6. Free height over seating positions
7.7.8.6.1. In the case of single deck vehicles, over each seating position and, except in
the case of the seat(s) alongside the driver in a vehicle of Class A or B, its
associated foot space, there shall be measured a free space with a height of
not less than 900 mm measured from the highest point of the uncompressed
seat cushion and at least 1,350 mm from the mean level of the floor in the
foot space. In the case of vehicles to which paragraph 7.7.1.10. of this annex
applies, and also for the seat(s) alongside the driver in a vehicle of Class A or
B, these dimensions may be reduced to 1,200 mm measured from the floor
and 800 mm measured from the highest point of the uncompressed seat
cushion.
In the case of double-deck vehicles, each seating position shall have a free
height of not less than 900 mm measured from the highest point of the
uncompressed seat cushion. In the case of the upper deck, this free height
may be reduced to 850 mm.
7.7.8.6.2. This free space shall be extended over the zone defined:
7.7.8.6.2.1. By longitudinal vertical planes 200 mm either side of the median vertical
plane of the seating position, and
7.7.8.6.2.2. By a transverse vertical plane through the rearmost upper point of the seat
back and by a transverse vertical plane 280 mm in front of the foremost point
of the uncompressed seat cushion, measured in each case at the median
vertical plane of the seating position.
7.7.8.6.3. From the edges of the free space defined by paragraphs 7.7.8.6.1.
and 7.7.8.6.2. above, the following zones may be excluded:
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Annex 3
7.7.8.6.3.1. In the case of the upper part of the outboard seats, adjacent to the inner wall
of the vehicle, a zone with a rectangular cross-section 150 mm in height
and 100 mm in width (see Annex 4, Figure 14).
7.7.8.6.3.2. In the case of the upper part of the outboard seating position, a zone with
triangular cross-section whose apex is situated 700 mm from the top and
whose base is 100 mm in width (see Annex 4, Figure 15). The space needed
for safety belts and their anchorages and for the sun visor is also excluded;
7.7.8.6.3.3. In the case of the foot well of an outboard seating position, a zone of a cross-
sectional area not exceeding, 0.02 m2 (0.03 m2 for low floor vehicles) and
having a maximum width not exceeding 100 mm (150 mm for low floor
vehicles) (see Annex 4, Figure 16).
7.7.8.6.3.4. In the case of a vehicle for up to 22 passengers, in the case of the seating
places nearest to the rear corners of the body, the outer rear edge of the free
space, viewed in plan, may be rounded to a radius not exceeding 150 mm
(see Annex 4, Figure 17).
7.7.8.6.4. In the free space defined by paragraphs 7.7.8.6.1., 7.7.8.6.2. and 7.7.8.6.3.
above, the following additional intrusions shall be permitted:
7.7.8.6.4.1. Intrusion of the back of another seat, its supports and its attachments (e.g.
folding table);
7.7.8.6.4.2. In the case of a vehicle for up to 22 passengers, intrusion of a wheel arch
provided that one of the following two conditions is fulfilled:
7.7.8.6.4.2.1. The intrusion does not extend beyond the median vertical plane of the seating
position (see Annex 4, Figure 18), or
7.7.8.6.4.2.2. The nearest edge of the area 300 mm in depth available for the feet of the
seated passenger is advanced no more than 200 mm from the edge of the
uncompressed seat cushion and to not more than 600 mm in front of the squab
of the seat, these measurements being made in the median vertical plane of the
seating position (see Annex 4, Figure 19). In the case of two seats facing each
other this provision shall apply to only one of the seats and the remaining space
for the feet of seated passengers shall be at least 400 mm.
7.7.8.6.4.3. In the case of seats alongside the driver’s seat in vehicles with up
to 22 passengers, intrusion of the dashboard / instrument panel, windscreen,
sun visors, seat belts, seat belt anchorages and front dome.
7.7.8.6.4.4. Intrusion of hopper type windows when open and their fittings.
7.7.9. Communication with the driver
7.7.9.1. On vehicles of Classes I, II and A, a means shall be provided to enable
passengers to signal that the driver should stop the vehicle. The controls for
all such communication devices shall be capable of being operated with the
palm of the hand. There shall be appropriate communication devices
distributed adequately and evenly throughout the vehicle and no more
than 1,500 mm from the floor; this does not exclude the possibility of
installing higher additional communication devices. Controls shall contrast
visually with their immediate surroundings. Activation of the control shall
also be indicated to the passengers by means of one or more illuminated
signs. The sign shall display the words "bus stopping" or equivalent, and/or a
suitable pictogram and shall remain illuminated until the service door(s)
open. Articulated vehicles shall have such signs in each rigid section of the
vehicle. Double-deck vehicles shall have them on each deck. The provisions
of paragraph 7.6.11.4. of this annex apply to any textual markings used.
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Annex 3
The provisions of paragraph 7.6.11.4. apply to any textual markings used.

7.7.9.2. Communication with the crew compartment
If a crew compartment is fitted without access to the driver or passenger
compartments, a means of communication between the driver and this crew
compartment shall be provided.
7.7.9.3. Communication with the toilet compartment
Toilet compartments shall be fitted with a means of summoning assistance in
an emergency.
7.7.10. Hot drink machines and cooking equipment
7.7.10.1. Hot drink machines and cooking equipment shall be so installed or guarded
that no hot food or drink is likely to be spilled on any passenger due to
emergency braking or cornering forces.
7.7.10.2. On vehicles fitted with hot-drink machines or cooking equipment, all
passenger seats shall have adequate provision for setting down hot food or
drink whilst the vehicle is in motion.
7.7.11. Doors to interior compartments
Every door to a toilet or other interior compartment:
7.7.11.1. Shall be self-closing, and shall not be fitted with any device to hold it open if,
when open, it could obstruct passengers in an emergency;
7.7.11.2. Shall, when open, not conceal any handle, control device for opening or
obligatory marking associated with any service door, emergency door,
emergency exit, fire extinguisher or first aid kit;
7.7.11.3. Shall be provided with a means to enable the door to be opened from outside
the compartment in an emergency;
7.7.11.4. Shall not be capable of being locked from the outside unless it can always be
opened from the inside.
7.7.12. Intercommunication staircase of a double-deck vehicle (see Annex 4,
Figure 1).
7.7.12.1. The minimum width of any intercommunication staircase shall be so
designed as to permit the free passage of the single door access template as
defined in Figure 1 of Annex 4. The panel shall be moved starting from the
gangway of the lower deck up to the last step, in the probable direction of
motion of a person using the staircase.
7.7.12.2. Intercommunication staircases shall be so designed, that, during heavy
braking of the vehicle moving in the forward direction, there is no danger of
a passenger being projected downwards.
This requirement is considered to be fulfilled if at least one of the following
conditions is met:
7.7.12.2.1. No part of the staircase is forward descending;
7.7.12.2.2. The staircase is equipped with guards or a similar provision;
7.7.12.2.3. There is an automatic device in the upper part of the staircase which prevents
the use of the staircase when the vehicle is in motion; this device shall be
easily operable in an emergency.
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Annex 3
7.7.12.3. It shall be verified, by use of the cylinder of paragraph 7.7.5.1. of this annex,
that access conditions from the gangways (upper and lower) to the staircase
are adequate.
7.7.13. Driver's compartment
7.7.13.1. The driver shall be protected from standing passengers and from passengers
seated immediately behind the driver's compartment who may be projected
into the driver's compartment in the event of braking or cornering. This
requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if:
7.7.13.1.1. The rear of the driver’s compartment is enclosed by a partition; or
7.7.13.1.2 In the case of passenger seats located immediately behind the driver's
compartment either a guard or, in the case of a vehicle of Class A or B, a
safety-belt is fitted. For vehicles having an area available for standing
passengers immediately behind the driver's compartment, the option of fitting
a safety-belt shall not apply. Where fitted, a guard shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs 7.7.13.1.2.1. to 7.7.13.1.2.3. below
(see Annex 4, figure 30).
7.7.13.1.2.1. The minimum height of the guard measured from the floor on which the
passenger's feet rest shall be 800 mm.
7.7.13.1.2.2. The width of the guard shall extend inwards from the wall of the vehicle at
least as far as 100 mm beyond the longitudinal centre line of the innermost
relevant passenger seat, but in any case shall extend at least as far as the
innermost point of the driver's seat.
7.7.13.1.2.3. The distance between the uppermost edge of an area destined to hold any
object (e.g. a table) and the uppermost edge of a guard shall be at
least 90 mm.
7.7.13.2. The driver's compartment shall be protected from objects liable to roll into it
from the passenger area immediately behind the compartment in the case of
heavy braking. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied when a ball
of 50 mm diameter cannot roll into the driver's compartment from the
passenger area immediately behind the compartment.
7.7.13.3. The driver shall be protected from the sun and from the effects of glare and
reflections caused by artificial interior lighting. Any lighting likely to affect
adversely and significantly the driver's vision shall be capable of being
operated only while the vehicle is at rest.
7.7.13.4. The vehicle shall be provided with devices allowing defrosting and demisting
of the windscreen.
7.7.14. Driver's seat
7.7.14.1. The driver's seat shall be independent of other seats.
7.7.14.2. The seat back shall either be curved or the driver's area shall be provided with
armrests positioned in such a way that the driver is neither constrained during
vehicle manoeuvring operations, nor becomes unbalanced by transverse
accelerations which can occur in service.
7.7.14.3. The minimum width of the seat cushion, (dimension F, see Annex 4,
Figure 9) measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of the
seat, shall be:
7.7.14.3.1. 200 mm in the case of Class A or B;
7.7.14.3.2. 225 mm in the case of Class I, II or III.
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Annex 3
7.7.14.4. The minimum depth of the seat cushion, (dimension K, see Annex 4,
Figure 11a) measured from a vertical plane passing through the centre of the
seat, shall be:
7.7.14.4.1. 350 mm in the case of Class A or B;
7.7.14.4.2. 400 mm in the case of Class I, II or III.
7.7.14.5. The minimum overall width of the seat back measured up to a height
of 250 mm above the horizontal plane tangential to the uppermost surface of
the uncompressed seat cushion shall be 450 mm.
7.7.14.6. The distance between armrests shall ensure a free space for the driver, as
defined in paragraph 7.7.14.2. above, of not less than 450 mm.
7.7.14.7. The seat shall be adjustable in its longitudinal and vertical positions and in its
seat back inclination. It shall lock automatically in the selected position and,
if fitted with a swivelling mechanism, it shall lock automatically when in the
driving position. The seat shall be equipped with a suspension system.
7.7.14.7.1. The suspension system and the vertical position adjustment are not
mandatory for vehicles of Class A or B.
7.8. Artificial interior lighting
7.8.1. Internal electrical lighting shall be provided for the illumination of:
7.8.1.1. All passenger compartments, crew compartments, toilet compartments and
the articulated section of an articulated vehicle;
7.8.1.2. Any step or steps;
7.8.1.3. The access to any exits and the area immediately around the service door(s)
including, when in use, any boarding device fitted;
7.8.1.4. The internal markings and internal controls of all exits;
7.8.1.5. All places where there are obstacles;
7.8.1.6. In the case of a double-decked vehicle without a roof, at least one lighting
device shall be provided as near as practicable to the top of every staircase
leading to the upper deck.
7.8.2. There shall be at least two internal lighting circuits such that failure of one
will not affect the other. A circuit serving only permanent entry and exit
lighting can be considered as one of these circuits.
7.8.3. Vehicles of Classes II, III and B shall be equipped with an emergency
lighting system:
7.8.3.1. It shall be possible for the driver to activate the emergency lighting system
from the driver's seating position.
7.8.3.2. The operation of the emergency control of any service or emergency door
shall activate the emergency lighting system.
7.8.3.3. The emergency lighting system, once activated, shall remain active for at
least 30 minutes unless de-activated by the driver.
7.8.3.4. The power supply for the emergency lighting shall be suitably located within
the vehicle to minimise the risk of its continued operation being prejudiced as
the result of an accident.
7.8.3.5. All units providing the emergency lighting shall produce a white light.
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Annex 3
7.8.3.6. The uniformity of illuminance of the lighting shall be assessed in accordance

with the following measures:
Maximum lightinglevel recorded
Maximum uniformity of illu min ance 
Average lightinglevel recorded
Minimum lightinglevel recorded

Minimumuniformity of illu min ance 
Average lightinglevel recorded
7.8.3.7. The emergency lighting system shall provide a minimum illuminance of

10 lux directly under each light unit in the passenger compartment at a height
of 750 mm above the centreline of all access passages and gangways.
7.8.3.8. The uniformity of the illuminance over the length of the passenger
compartment at a height of 750 mm above all access passages and gangways
shall be between 0.15 and 2.
7.8.3.9. The emergency lighting system shall provide a minimum illuminance of
1 lux at floor level in the centreline of all access passages and gangways and
at the centre of any step, at step level.
7.8.3.10. Conformity with the uniformity requirements shall be demonstrated over a
period of at least 30 minutes from initiation of the emergency lighting by
measurements taken at distances not exceeding 2 metres.
7.8.4. Individual lights for each of the items in paragraph 7.8.1. above are not
required providing adequate illumination can be maintained during normal
use.
7.8.5. Control of the mandatory interior lighting shall be by manual switches under
the control of the driver or automatically controlled.
7.9. Articulated section of articulated vehicles
7.9.1. The articulated section that interconnects rigid portions of the vehicle shall be
so designed and constructed as to allow at least one rotary movement about at
least one horizontal axis, and at least one vertical axis.
7.9.2. When the articulated vehicle at its mass in running order is stationary on a
horizontal level surface, there shall not be between the floor of either of the
rigid sections and the floor of the rotating base or of the element replacing
that base an uncovered gap of a width exceeding:
7.9.2.1. 10 mm when all the wheels of the vehicle are on the same plane, or
7.9.2.2. 20 mm when the wheels of the axle adjacent to the articulated section are
resting on a surface which is 150 mm higher than the surface on which the
wheels of the other axles are resting.
7.9.3. The difference in level between the floor of the rigid portions and the floor of
the rotating base, measured at the joint, shall not exceed:
7.9.3.1. 20 mm in the conditions described in paragraph 7.9.2.1. above, or
7.9.3.2. 30 mm in the conditions described in paragraph 7.9.2.2. above.
7.9.4. On articulated vehicles means shall be provided to physically prevent access
by passengers to any part of the articulated section where:
7.9.4.1. The floor has an uncovered gap not complying with the requirements of
paragraph 7.9.2.;
7.9.4.2. The floor cannot carry the mass of the passengers;
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Annex 3
7.9.4.3. The movements of the walls constitute a danger to passengers.

7.10. Direction-holding of articulated vehicles
When an articulated vehicle is moving in a straight line, the longitudinal
median planes of its rigid portion shall coincide and form a continuous plane
without any deflection.
7.11. Handrails and handholds
7.11.1. General requirements
7.11.1.1. Handrails and handholds shall be of adequate strength.
7.11.1.2. They shall be so designed and installed as to present no risk of injury to
passengers.
7.11.1.3. Handrails and handholds shall be of a section enabling passengers to grasp
them easily and firmly. Every handrail shall provide a length of at least
100 mm to accommodate a hand. No dimension of the section shall be
smaller than 20 mm or greater than 45 mm except in the case of handrails on
doors and seats and, in the case of a vehicle of Class II, III or B, in access
passages. In these cases handrails having a minimum dimension of 15 mm
shall be permitted provided that one other dimension is of at least 25 mm.
Handrails shall not have sharp bends.
7.11.1.4. The clearance between a hand-rail or hand-hold, along the majority of its
length, and the adjacent part of the vehicle body or walls shall be at
least 40 mm. However, in the case of a handrail on a door or a seat, or in the
access passage of a vehicle of Class II, III or B, a minimum clearance
of 35 mm shall be permitted.
7.11.1.5. The surface of every handrail, handhold or stanchion shall contrast visually
with their immediate surroundings and be slip-resistant.
7.11.2. Additional requirements for handrails and handholds for vehicles designed to
carry standing passengers
7.11.2.1. Handrails and/or handholds shall be provided in sufficient number for each
point of the floor area intended, in conformity with paragraph 7.2.2. of this
annex for standing passengers. For this purpose, strap hangers, if fitted, may
be counted as handholds, provided that they are held in their position by
suitable means. This requirement shall be deemed to be fulfilled if, for all
possible sites of the testing device shown in Annex 4, Figure 20 hereto, at
least two handrails or handholds can be reached by the device’s moveable
arm. The testing device may be freely turned about its vertical axis.
7.11.2.2. When applying the procedure described in paragraph 7.11.2.1. above, only
such hand-rails and handholds shall be considered which are not less
than 800 mm and not more than 1,950 mm above the floor.
7.11.2.3. For every position that can be occupied by a standing passenger, at least one
of the two required handrails or handholds shall be not more than 1,500 mm
above the level of the floor at that position. This does not apply to an area
adjacent to a door where the door or its mechanism in open position would
prevent the use of this handhold. Also, exception may be given in the middle
of large platforms, but the sum of these exceptions shall not exceed 20 per
cent of the total standing area.
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Annex 3
7.11.2.4. Areas which can be occupied by standing passengers and are not separated by
seats from the side walls or rear wall of the vehicle shall be provided with
horizontal handrails parallel to the walls and installed at a height of between
800 mm and 1,500 mm above the floor.
7.11.3. Handrails and handholds for service doors
7.11.3.1. Door apertures shall be fitted with handrails and/or handholds on each side.
In the case of double doors this requirement can be fulfilled by fitting one
central stanchion or one central handrail.
7.11.3.2. Handrails and/or handholds to be provided for service doors shall be such
that they include a grasping point available to a person standing on the
ground adjacent to the service door or on any of the successive steps. Such
points shall be situated, vertically, between 800 mm and 1,100 mm above the
ground or above the surface of each step, and horizontally:
7.11.3.2.1. For the position appropriate to a person standing on the ground, not more
than 400 mm inwards from the outer edge of the first step; and
7.11.3.2.2. For the position appropriate to a particular step, not outwards from the outer
edge of the step considered, and not more than 600 mm inwards from that
same edge.
7.11.4. (Reserved)
7.11.5. Handrails and handholds for intercommunication staircases in double-deck
vehicles.
7.11.5.1. Suitable handrails or handholds shall be provided at each side of all
intercommunication staircases. These shall be positioned between 800 mm
and 1,100 mm above the tread edge of each step.
7.11.5.2. The handrails and/or handholds to be provided shall be such that they include
a grasping point available to a person standing on the lower or upper deck
adjacent to the intercommunication staircase, and at any of the successive
steps. Such points shall be situated vertically between 800 mm and 1,100 mm
above the lower deck or each above the surface of each step, and,
7.11.5.2.1. For the position appropriate to a person standing on the lower deck, not more
than 400 mm inwards from the outer edge of the first step, and
7.11.5.2.2. For the position appropriate to a particular step, not outwards from the outer
edge of the step considered, and not more than 600 mm inwards from the
same edge.
7.12. Guarding of step wells and exposed seats
7.12.1. Where any seated passenger is likely to be thrown forward into a step well as
a result of heavy braking, either a guard or, in the case of a vehicle of Class A
or B, a safety-belt shall be fitted. Where fitted, the guard shall have a
minimum height from the floor on which the passenger’s feet rest of 800 mm
and shall extend inwards from the wall of the vehicle at least as far
as 100 mm beyond the longitudinal centre line of any seating position where
the passenger is at risk or to the riser of the innermost step; whichever is the
lesser dimension.
7.12.2. On the upper deck of a double-deck vehicle, the intercommunication
staircase well shall be protected by an enclosed guard having a minimum
height of 800 mm measured from the floor. The lower edge of the guard shall
not be more than 100 mm from the floor.
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Annex 3
7.12.3. The front windscreen ahead of passengers occupying upper deck front seats
of a double-deck vehicle shall be provided with a padded guard. The higher
edge of that protection shall be situated vertically between 800 mm
and 900 mm above the floor where the passenger’s feet rest.
7.12.4. The riser of each step in an intercommunication staircase of a double-deck
vehicle shall be closed.
7.13. Baggage racks and occupant protection
The occupants of the vehicle shall be protected from objects liable to fall
from baggage racks under braking or cornering forces. If baggage
compartments are fitted, they shall be designed in such a way that baggage is
prevented from falling in the event of sudden braking.
7.14. Trap doors, if fitted
7.14.1. Every trap door, that is not an escape hatch, on the floor of a vehicle shall be
so fitted and secured that it cannot be dislodged or opened without the use of
tools or keys and no lifting or securing device shall project by more than
eight mm above floor level. Edges of projections shall be rounded.
7.15. Visual entertainment
7.15.1. Forms of visual entertainment for passengers, for example television
monitors or videos shall be located out of the driver’s view when the driver is
seated in his normal driving position. This shall not preclude any television
monitor or similar device used as part of the driver’s control or guidance of
the vehicle, for example to monitor service doors.
7.16. Trolleybuses
7.16.1. Trolleybuses shall meet the provisions of Annex 12.
7.17. Passenger protection in vehicles without a roof
Every vehicle without a roof shall have:
7.17.1. A continuous front panel over the full width of that part of the vehicle that
does not have a roof, with a height of not less than 1,400 mm from the
general level of the floor adjacent to the front panel;
7.17.2. A continuous protection around the side and rear of that part of the vehicle
that does not have a roof, with a height of not less than 1,100 mm at the sides
and 1,200 mm at the rear of the vehicle, measured from the general level of
the floor adjacent to the panels. The protection shall consist of continuous
side and rear panels with a height of not less than 700 mm from the general
level of the floor adjacent to the panels, combined with one or more
continuous guard rail(s) that fulfils the following characteristics:
(a) No dimension of its section shall be less than 20 mm, or more
than 45 mm;
(b) The size of any aperture between a guard rail and any adjacent guard
rail or panel shall not exceed 200 mm;
(c) It shall be firmly attached to the structure of the vehicle;
(d) Doors at exits shall be considered to form part of this protection.
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Annex 3
7.18. Vision and communication aid

In the case of a vehicle without a roof, the driver shall be provided with a
visual means, such as a mirror, periscope or video camera/monitor, to enable
the behaviour of passengers in the area without a roof to be observed. In
addition, an intercommunication system shall be provided to enable the
driver to communicate with these passengers.
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Annex 3 - Appendix
Annex 3 - Appendix
Verification of static tilting limit by means of calculation

1. A vehicle may be shown to meet the requirement specified in paragraph 7.4.
of Annex 3 by a calculation method approved by the Technical Service for
conducting the tests.
2. The Technical Service responsible for conducting the tests may require tests
to be carried out on parts of the vehicle to verify the assumptions made in the
calculation.
3. Preparations for calculation
3.1. The vehicle shall be represented by a spatial system.
3.2. Due to the location of the centre of gravity of the body of the vehicle and the
different spring rates of the vehicle suspension and tyres, axles do not
generally lift simultaneously on one side of the vehicle as a result of lateral
acceleration. Therefore, lateral tilting of the body over each axle has to be
ascertained on the supposition that the wheels of the other axle(s) remain on
the ground.
3.3. To simplify matters, it shall be assumed that the centre of gravity of the
unsprung masses lies in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle on the line
passing through the centre of the wheel rotation axle. The small shifting of
the roll centre due to deflection of the axle can be neglected. The air
suspension control should not be taken into account.
3.4. The following parameters, at least, shall be taken into account:
Vehicle data such as wheel base tread width and sprung/unsprung masses,
location of the centre of gravity of the vehicle, deflection and rebound and
the spring rate of the vehicle suspension, considering also non-linearity,
horizontal and vertical spring rate of the tyres, torsion of the superstructure
and location of the roll centre of the axles.
4. Validity of the calculation method
4.1. The validity of the calculation method shall be established to the satisfaction
of the Technical Service, e.g. on the basis of a comparative test with a similar
vehicle.
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Annex 4
Annex 4
Explanatory diagrams
Figure 1
Access to service doors
(See Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.1.)
Test gauge 1 Test gauge 2
Height of the upper panel (mm)

(Dimension "A" Figure 1)
Vehicle class Test gauge 1 Test gauge 2

Class A 950 950

Class B 700 950
Class I 1,100 1,100
Class II 950 1,100
Class III 850 1,100

For vehicles of Class A or B, the lower panel may be displaced horizontally relative to the upper
panel provided that it is in the same direction.
71
Annex 4
Figure 2
Access to service doors
(See Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.1.4.)
Figure 3
Determination of unobstructed access to door (dimensions in mm)
(See Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.1.9.1.)
72
Annex 4
Figure 4
Determination of unobstructed access to door (dimensions in mm)
Roof line
300
min 550
min
300
1,200
min
max
Figure 5
Access to emergency doors
73
Annex 4
Figure 6
Gangway mannequin
74
Annex 4
Single deck
Class B (mm) C (mm) D (mm) E (mm) F (mm)

1 1
A 550 350 500 1,900 900
B 450 300 300 1,500 900
2 1 1
I 550 450 500 1,900 900
1 1
II 550 350 500 1,900 900
III 450 3003 5001 1,9001,4 9004
Double-deck
I LD 550 4502 500 1,8005 1,0205

UD 550 4502 500 1,680 900
II LD 550 350 500 1,8005 1,0201
UD 550 350 500 1,680 900
3 5
III LD 450 300 500 1,800 1,0205
UD 450 3003 500 1,680 900
1
The height of the upper cylinder and herewith the overall height may be reduced by 100 mm
in any part of the gangway to the rear of:
(a) A transverse plane situated 1.5 m forward of the centre line of the rear axle (foremost rear
axle in the case of vehicles with more than one rear axle), and
(b) A transverse vertical plane situated at the rear edge of the service door or of the rearmost
service door if there are more than one service door.
2
The diameter of the lower cylinder may be reduced from 450 mm to 400 mm in any part of
the gangway to the rear of the most forward of the following two planes:
(a) A transverse vertical plane situated 1.5 m forward of the centre line of the rear axle
(foremost rear axle in the case of vehicles with more than one rear axle); and
(b) A transverse vertical plane situated at the rear edge of the rearmost service door in
between the axles.
For the purpose of the above, each rigid section of an articulated vehicle shall be considered
separately.
3
220 mm in the case of laterally movable seats (see paragraph 7.7.5.3. of Annex 3).
4
In the case of a vehicle with part of its deck directly over the driver’s compartment, the overall
height of the gauging device may be reduced (by reducing the height of the lower cylinder)
from 1,900 mm to 1,680 mm in any part of the gangway forward to a transverse vertical plane
which coincides with the centre line of the front axle.
5
The overall height of the gauging device may be reduced (by reducing the height of the lower
cylinder):
(a) From 1,800 mm to 1,680 mm in any part of the gangway of the lower deck to the rear of a
transverse vertical plane situated 1,500 mm forward to the centre of the rear axle (foremost
rear axle in the case of vehicles with more than one rear axle);
(b) From 1,800 mm to 1,770 mm in the case of a service door which is situated forward the
front axle in any part of the gangway situated between two transverse vertical planes
situated 800 mm forwards and behind the centre line of the front axle.
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Annex 4
Figure 7
Forward limitation of the gangway (dimensions in mm)
(See Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.5.1.1.1.)
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Annex 4
Figure 8
Steps for passengers (dimensions in mm)
Height above ground level, vehicle unladen
Classes I and A II, III and B

1
First step from Max. height (mm) 340 3801, 2, 3
Ground "D" Min. depth (mm) 300
Other steps "E" Max. height (mm) 2504 3505
Min. height (mm) 120
Min. depth (mm) 200

230 mm for vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers.
1
700 mm in the case of an emergency door.
1,500 mm in the case of an emergency door in the upper deck of a double-deck vehicle.
850 mm maximum in the case of an emergency door in the lower deck of a double-deck
vehicle.
2
430 mm in the case of a vehicle with solely mechanical suspension.
3
For at least one service door; 400 mm for other service doors.
4
300 mm in the case of steps at a door behind the rearmost axle.
5
250 mm in gangways for vehicles having a capacity not exceeding 22 passengers.
Notes:
1. At a double doorway the steps in each half of the access passage shall be treated separately.
2. "E" need not be the same for each step.
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Annex 4
Figure 9
Width of passenger seats (dimensions in mm)
G (mm) minimum
F (mm) min Continuous seats Individual seats

*
200 225 250
*
225 for Class III.
Figure 9A
Width of passenger seats (dimensions in mm)
G (mm) min
F (mm) min Continuous seats Individual seats

200 200 200
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Annex 4
Figure 10
Permitted intrusion at shoulder height (dimensions in mm)v
Transversal section of the minimum available space at shoulder height for a seat adjacent to
the wall of the vehicle
G = 225 mm if continuous seat

G = 250 mm if individual seat
G = 200 mm for vehicles less than 2.35 m wide
Figure 11a
Seat-cushion depth and height
(See Annex 3, paragraphs 7.7.8.2. and 7.7.8.3.)
H = 400/500 mm (*)
K = 350 mm min. (**)
(*)
350 mm at wheel arches and engine compartment.
(**)
400 mm in vehicles of Classes II and III.
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Annex 4
Figure 11b
Space for feet of seated passengers behind a seat or at a seat facing the gangway
300 mm min 150 mm min

600 mm max
30 ° max
– 8 ° min
700 mm min
Figure 12
Seat spacing
Classes I, A and B 650 mm

Classes II and III 680 mm
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Annex 4
Figure 13
Space for seated passengers behind a partition or other rigid structure
other than a seat
Figure 14
Permitted intrusion into space above seat (dimensions in mm)
Transversal section of the minimum free space above a seating place adjacent to the wall of
the vehicle
1,350
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Annex 4
Figure 15
Permitted intrusion above a seating position
100 mm
Outboard seating position
700 mm
900 mm
200 mm
Highest point of an
uncompressed seat cushion
I (mm)
400 to 500
(for Classes A, B, I and II min 350 mm at wheel arches and engine compartment(s))
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Annex 4
Figure 16
Permitted intrusion in lower part of passenger space (dimensions in mm)
(*)
150 mm in the case of low-floor vehicles.
(**)
0.03 m2 in the case of low floor vehicles.
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Annex 4
Figure 17
Permitted intrusion at rear corner seats
View of the prescribed area of the seat (two side seats at the rear)
Figure 18
Permitted intrusion of a wheel arch not extending beyond the vertical centre line of
the side seat
(See Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.8.6.4.2.1.)
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Annex 4
Figure 19
Permitted intrusion of a wheel arch extending beyond the vertical centre line of the
side seat (dimensions in mm)
(See Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.8.6.4.2.2.)
85
Annex 4
Figure 20
Testing device for positioning of handholds
Thickness: 20 mm
86
Annex 4
Figure 21
Reference wheelchair
Overall length, l: 1,200 mm

Overall width, b: 700 mm
Overall height, h: 1,090 mm
Note: A wheelchair user seated in the wheelchair adds 50 mm to the overall length and makes a
height of 1,350 mm above the ground.
Figure 22
Minimum clear space for the wheelchair user at the wheelchair space
(dimensions in mm)
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Annex 4
Figure 23
Accessibility symbols
(See Annex 8, paragraphs 3.2.8., 3.6.6. and 3.10.4.)
Figure 23 A
Pictogram for wheelchair users
or
Colour: Blue basis with white symbol

Size: At least 130 mm diameter
Reference for the design principles of safety symbols: ISO 3864-1:2002
Figure 23 B
Pictogram for passengers with reduced mobility other than wheelchair users
Colour: Blue basis with white symbol

Size: At least 130 mm diameter
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Annex 4
Figure 23 C
Pictogram for pram and pushchair area
Colour: blue basis with white symbol

Size: at least diameter 130 mm
Figure 24
(Reserved)
Figure 25
Passenger foot space
89
Annex 4
Figure 26
Reserved
Figure 27
Access to driver’s door
Gangway test gauge

Test gauge of 600 mm x 400 mm as
in Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.3.3.
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Annex 4
Figure 28
Access to driver’s door
Gangway test gauge

Test gauge
Test gauge of 600 mmcm
of 60 x 400
x mm
40 as
cm as
described in Annex 3, paragraph 7.7.3.3.
described in paragraph 5.7.3.3.
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Annex 4
Figure 29
Example of a backrest for a rearward-facing wheelchair
750 mm min
270 mm
420 mm
270 mm
300 mm
830 mm max
Padded surface
through this
must pass
350 mm
area
480 mm
8 degrees max
Backrest
4 degrees min
830 mm
870 mm
120 mm
100 mm
1,300 mm min
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Annex 4
Figure 30
93
Annex 5
Annex 5 - (Reserved)
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Annex 6
Annex 6
Guidelines for measuring the closing forces of power-

operated doors
And the reactive forces of power-operated ramps

1. General
The closing of a power-operated door and the operation of a power-operated
ramp are dynamic processes. When a moving door or ramp hits an obstacle,
the result is a dynamic reaction force, the history of which (in time) depends
on several factors (for example, mass of the door or ramp, acceleration,
dimensions).
2. Definitions
2.1. Closing or reactive force F(t) is a time function, measured at the outer edge
of the door or ramp (see paragraph 3.2. below).
2.2. Peak force FS is the maximum value of the closing or reactive force.
2.3. Effective force FE is the average value of the closing or reactive force related
to the pulse duration:
t
1 2
FE   F(t)dt
T t1
2.4. Pulse duration T is the time between the t1 and t2:
T = t 2 ̶ t1
Where,
t1 = threshold of sensitivity, where the closing or reactive force
exceeds 50 N;
t2 = fade-away threshold, where the closing or reactive force becomes less
than 50 N.
2.5. The relation between the above parameters is shown in Figure 1 below (as an
example):
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Annex 6
Figure 1
2.6. Clamping or mean reactive force FC is the arithmetical mean value of the
effective forces, measured at the same measuring point subsequently more
times:
in
 (F )i E
FC  i 1
n
3. Measurements
3.1. Conditions of measurement:
3.1.1. Temperature range: 10 °C to 30 °C
3.1.2. The vehicle shall be standing on a horizontal surface. In the case of ramp
measurements, this surface shall be fitted with a rigidly mounted block or
other similar device having a face against which the ramp can react.
3.2. Measurement points shall be:
3.2.1. In the case of doors:
3.2.1.1. At the main closing edges of the door:
One in the middle of the door;
One 150 mm above the lower edge of the door.
3.2.1.2. If equipped with clamping prevention devices for the opening process:
At the secondary closing edges of the door at that point which is considered
to be the most dangerous place of clamping.
3.2.2. In the case of ramps:
3.2.2.1. At the outer edge of the ramp situated perpendicularly to its direction of
movement:
One in the middle of the ramp;
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Annex 6
One 100 mm inboard from each of the edges parallel to the direction of travel
of the ramp.
3.3. At least three measurements shall be taken at each of the measuring points to
determine the clamping or mean reactive force according to paragraph 2.6.
above.
3.4. The signal of the closing or reactive force shall be recorded by means of a
low-pass filter with a limiting frequency of 100 Hz. Both the threshold of
sensitivity and the fade-away threshold to limit the pulse duration shall be set
at 50 N.
3.5. The deviation of the reading from the rated value shall not be more
than ±3 per cent.
4. Measuring device
4.1. The measuring device shall consist of two parts: one handle and one
measuring part which is a load cell (see Figure 2).
4.2. The load cell shall have the following characteristics:
4.2.1. It shall consist of two sliding housings with the outer dimension of 100 mm
in diameter and 115 mm in width. Inside the load cell a compression spring
shall be fitted between the two housings such that the load cell can be pressed
together if an appropriate force is applied.
4.2.2. The stiffness of the load cell shall be 10 ± 0.2 N/mm. The maximum spring
deflection shall be limited to 30 mm so that a maximum peak force of 300 N
is achieved.
Figure 2
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Annex 7
Annex 7
Alternative requirements for vehicles of Classes A and B

1. Vehicles of Classes A and B shall comply with the requirements of Annex 3
with the exception that:
(a) In place of paragraph 7.6.3.1. of Annex 3, a vehicle may comply with
paragraph 1.1. of this annex;
(b) In place of paragraph 7.6.2. of Annex 3, a vehicle may comply with
paragraph 1.2. of this annex.
1.1. Minimum dimensions for exits
The several kinds of exits shall have the following minimum dimensions:
Aperture Minimum dimensions Remarks
Service Door Entry height: The service door entry height shall be measured as the
vertical distance measured on a vertical plane of the
Class
horizontal projections of the mid-point of the door aperture
A 1,650 mm and the top surface of the lowest step.
B 1,500 mm
Aperture Height The vertical height of the service door aperture shall be such
as to permit the free passage of the dual panel referred to in
paragraph 7.7.1.1. of Annex 3. The upper corners may be
reduced with round-offs, with a radius of not more than 150
mm.
Width: For Class B vehicles where the service door aperture height
lies between 1,400 mm and 1,500 mm a minimum single
Single door:
door aperture width of 750 mm shall apply. For all the
650 mm
vehicles the width of any service door may be reduced by
Double door: 100 mm when the measurement is made at the level of the
1,200 mm handholds and by 250 mm in cases where intruding wheel
arches or the actuating mechanism for automatic or remote-
control doors or the rake of the windscreen so require.
Emergency Height: 1,250 mm The width may be reduced to 300 mm in cases where
door intruding wheel arches so require, providing that the width
Width: 550 mm
of 550 mm is respected at the minimum height of 400 mm
above the lowest part of the door aperture. The upper
corners may be reduced with round-offs, with a radius of not
more than 150 mm.
Emergency Aperture area: It shall be possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle of 500
Window 400,000 mm2 mm x 700 mm.
Escape hatch Aperture area: It shall be possible to inscribe in this area a rectangle of
450,000 mm² 600 mm x 700 mm.
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1.1.1. A vehicle to which paragraph 7.7.1.10. of Annex 3 applies shall meet the
requirements of paragraph 7.6.3.1. of Annex 3 or paragraph 1.1. of this annex
as regards emergency windows and escape hatches, and the following
minimum requirements as regards service doors and emergency doors:
Aperture Dimensions Remarks
Service Door Aperture height: This dimension may be reduced by a radius at the
corners of the aperture not exceeding 150 mm.
1,100 mm
Width: This dimension may be reduced by a radius at the
corners of the aperture not exceeding 150 mm.
Single door:
The width may be reduced by 100 mm when the
650 mm measurement is made at the level of the handholds
Double door: and by 250 mm in cases where intruding wheel
1,200 mm arches or the actuating mechanism for automatic
or remote-control doors or the rake of the
windscreen so require.
Emergency Height: 1,100 mm The width may be reduced to 300 mm in cases
door where intruding wheel arches so require,
Width: 550 mm
providing that the width of 550 mm is respected at
the minimum height of 400 mm above the lowest
part of the door aperture. The upper corners may
be reduced with round-offs with a radius of not
more than 150 mm.
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Annex 8
Accommodation and accessibility for passengers with

reduced mobility
1. General
This annex contains the provisions which apply to a vehicle designed for easy
access for passengers with reduced mobility and wheelchair users.
2. Scope
These requirements shall apply to vehicles permitting easier access for
persons with reduced mobility.
3. Requirements
3.1. Steps
The height of the first step from the ground of at least one service door shall
not exceed 250 mm for vehicles of Class I and A and 320 mm for vehicles of
Classes II, III and B. In the case where only one service door meets this
requirement there shall be no barrier or sign which prevents that door from
being used as both an entrance and an exit.
As an alternative for vehicles of Classes I and A, the first step from the
ground shall not exceed 270 mm in two door openings, one entrance and one
exit.
A kneeling system and/or retractable step may be engaged.
The height of steps in an access passage at the above-mentioned door(s), and
in the gangway, shall be not more than 200 mm for vehicles of Classes I
and A and 250 mm for vehicles of Classes II, III and B.
The transition from a sunken gangway to a seating area shall not be
considered to be a step.
3.2. Priority seats and space for passengers with reduced mobility
3.2.1. Seats shall be either forward or rearward facing and shall be situated in a
position near to a service door(s) suitable for boarding and alighting and
compliant with paragraph 3.1. above.
3.2.2. There shall be adequate space for a guide dog under, or adjacent to, at least
one of the priority seats. This space shall not form a part of the gangway.
3.2.3. Armrests shall be fitted on seats between the seating position and the
gangway and shall be capable of being moved easily out of the way to permit
clear access to the seat. In the case of seats facing each other one of the
gangway seats may alternatively be fitted with a vertical stanchion. This
stanchion shall be positioned so that the seat occupant is kept securely on the
seat and easy access to the seat is possible.
3.2.4. The minimum width of a priority seat cushion, measured from a vertical
plane passing through the centre of that seating position, shall be 220 mm on
each side.
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3.2.5. The height of the uncompressed seat cushion relative to the floor shall be
such that the distance from the floor to a horizontal plane tangent to the front
upper surface of the seat cushion is between 400 mm and 500 mm.
3.2.6. The foot space at priority seating positions shall extend forward of the seat
from a vertical plane through the forward edge of the seat cushion. The foot
space shall not have a slope in any direction of more than 8 per cent. For
vehicles of Classes I and A, the vertical distance between the floor of the
seating area and the adjacent gangway shall be not more than 250 mm.
3.2.7. Each priority seating position shall have a free height of not less than
1,300 mm for vehicles of Classes I and A and 900 mm for vehicles of Class
II, measured from the highest point of the uncompressed seat cushion. This
free height shall extend over the vertical projection of the minimum required
seat width of 440 mm and the associated foot space.
Intrusion of a seat back or other object into this space shall be permitted
provided that a minimum clear vertical space extending 230 mm in front of the
seat cushion is maintained. Where the priority seat is positioned facing a
bulkhead more than 1,200 mm in height this space shall be 300 mm. From the
edges of the free space defined above, intrusions are permitted in accordance
with paragraphs 7.7.8.6.3.1. to 7.7.8.6.3.4. of Annex 3 as if reference to the
clear space in paragraphs 7.7.8.6.1. and 7.7.8.6.2. of Annex 3 is a reference to
the clear space defined above. The provisions of paragraph 7.7.8.1.4. of
Annex 3 may apply. Intrusions of handholds or handrails as mentioned in
paragraph 3.4.2. below may protrude by a maximum of 100 mm from the
sidewall into the clear space over the vertical projection of the foot space.
3.2.8. Vehicles fitted with a priority seat shall have pictogram(s) in accordance with
Annex 4, Figure 23B visible from the outside, both on the front nearside of
the vehicle and adjacent to the relevant service door(s). A pictogram shall be
placed internally adjacent to the priority seat.
3.3. Communication devices
3.3.1. Communication devices shall be placed adjacent to any priority seat and
within any wheelchair area and shall be at a height between 700 mm
and 1,200 mm above the floor.
3.3.2. Communication devices situated in the low floor area shall be at a height
between 800 mm and 1,500 mm where there are no seats.
3.3.3. (Reserved)
3.3.4. If a vehicle is fitted with a ramp or lift, a means of communication with the
driver shall be fitted outside, adjacent to the door, and at a height
between 850 mm and 1,300 mm from the ground. This requirement shall not
apply to a door situated in the direct field of vision of the driver.
3.4. Handrails to priority seating
3.4.1. A handrail at a height of between 800 mm and 900 mm above the floor level
shall be provided between the priority seats as described in
paragraph 7.7.8.5.3. of Annex 3 and at least one service door suitable for
boarding and alighting. A break is permitted where it is necessary to gain
access to a wheelchair space, a seat located at a wheel arch, a staircase, an
access passage or a gangway. Any break in the handrail shall not
exceed 1,050 mm and a vertical handrail shall be provided on at least one
side of the break.
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3.4.2. Handrails or handholds shall be placed adjacent to priority seating positions

to facilitate entry and exit of the seat, and shall be designed in such a way as
to allow the passenger to grasp them easily.
3.5. Floor slope
The slope of any gangway, access passage or floor area between any priority
seat or wheelchair space and at least one entrance and one exit or a combined
entrance and exit shall not exceed 8 per cent. Such sloping areas shall be
provided with a slip-resistant surface.
3.6. Wheelchair accommodation provisions
3.6.1. For each wheelchair user provided for in the passenger compartment there
shall be a special area at least 750 mm wide and 1,300 mm long. The
longitudinal plane of the special area shall be parallel to the longitudinal
plane of the vehicle and the floor surface of the special area shall be slip
resistant and the maximum slope in any direction shall not exceed 5 per cent.
In the case of a rearward facing wheelchair complying with the requirements
specified in paragraph 3.8.4. of this annex, the slope in the longitudinal
direction shall not exceed 8 per cent provided that this slope inclines upwards
from the front end to the rear end of the special area.
In the case of a wheelchair space designed for a forward facing wheelchair,
the top of preceding seat-backs may intrude into the wheelchair space if a
clear space is provided as shown in Annex 4, Figure 22.
3.6.2. There shall be at least one doorway through which wheelchair users can pass.
In the case of vehicles of Class I, at least one wheelchair access door shall be
a service door. The wheelchair access door shall bear a boarding device
complying with the provisions of paragraph 3.11.3. (a lift) or 3.11.4. (a ramp)
of this annex.
3.6.3. A door for wheelchair access, that is not a service door, shall have a
minimum height of 1,400 mm. The minimum width of all doors providing
wheelchair access to the vehicle shall be 900 mm which may be reduced
by 100 mm when the measurement is made at the level of handholds.
3.6.4. It shall be possible for a wheelchair user to move freely and easily from the
outside of the vehicle through at least one of the doors for wheelchair access
into the special area(s) with the reference wheelchair, the dimensions of
which are shown in Annex 4, Figure 21.
3.6.4.1. By "moving freely and easily", it is meant that there exists:
(a) Sufficient space available for the wheelchair user to manoeuvre
without the assistance of a person;
(b) There are no steps, gaps or stanchions which could be an obstacle to
the free movement of the wheelchair user.
3.6.4.2. For the application of the above provisions, the test shall be performed, in the
case of vehicles of Classes I and A fitted with more than one wheelchair
space, for each wheelchair space with all other wheelchair spaces occupied
by the reference wheelchair.
3.6.5. In vehicles of Classes I and A fitted with a ramp for wheelchair access, it
shall be possible for a reference wheelchair having the dimensions shown in
Annex 4, Figure 21 to enter and exit a vehicle with the wheelchair moving in
a forward direction.
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3.6.6. Vehicles fitted with a wheelchair space shall have pictogram(s) in accordance
with Annex 4, Figure 23A visible from the outside, both on the front nearside
of the vehicle and adjacent to the relevant service door(s).
One of these pictograms shall be placed internally adjacent to each
wheelchair space indicating whether the wheelchair is to be positioned facing
the front or the rear of the vehicle.
3.7. Seats and standing passengers in the wheelchair space
3.7.1. Folding seats may be fitted in a wheelchair space. However, such seats when
folded and out of use shall not intrude into the wheelchair space.
3.7.2. A vehicle may be equipped with demountable seats fitted in the wheelchair
space provided that such seats may be easily removed by the driver or a crew
member.
3.7.3. For vehicles of Classes I, II and A, where the foot space of any seat, or part
of a folding seat when in use, intrudes into a wheelchair space, those seats
shall have signs fixed on or adjacent to them with the following text,
equivalent text or pictogram:
The provisions of paragraph 7.6.11.4. of Annex 3 apply to any textual
markings used.
3.7.4. In vehicles where any wheelchair space is designated for use exclusively by a
wheelchair user as provided for in paragraph 7.2.2.2.10. of Annex 3, those
spaces shall be clearly marked with the following text, equivalent text or
pictogram:
"Area designated for use exclusively by a wheelchair user"
markings used.
3.8. Stability of wheelchairs
3.8.1. In vehicles required to have occupant restraint systems fitted, the wheelchair
space shall be designed for the wheelchair user to travel facing forwards and
shall be fitted with restraint systems complying with either the requirements
specified in paragraph 3.8.2. or those specified in paragraph 3.8.3. below.
In vehicles not required to have occupant restraint systems fitted, the
wheelchair space shall be fitted with restraint systems complying with the
requirements specified in paragraph 3.8.2. or 3.8.3., or shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraph 3.8.4. below.
3.8.2. Forward-facing wheelchair - static test requirements
3.8.2.1. Each wheelchair space shall be provided with a restraint system capable of
restraining the wheelchair and the wheelchair user.
3.8.2.2. This restraint system and its anchorages shall be designed to withstand forces
equivalent to the ones required for the passenger seats and occupant restraint
systems.
3.8.2.3. A static test shall be carried out in accordance with the following requirements:
3.8.2.3.1. The forces referred hereto shall be applied in forward and rearward
directions, separately and on the restraint system itself;
3.8.2.3.2. The force shall be maintained for a period of not less than 0.2 seconds;
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3.8.2.3.3. The restraint system shall be capable of withstanding the test. Permanent
deformation, including partial rupture or breakage of the restraint system
shall not constitute failure if the required force is sustained for the specified
time. Where applicable, the locking device enabling the wheelchair to leave
the vehicle shall be operable by hand after removal of the traction force.
3.8.2.4. In forward direction in the case of a separate wheelchair and wheelchair user
restraint system
3.8.2.4.1. For category M2:
3.8.2.4.1.1. 1,110 ± 20 daN in the case of a lap belt. The force shall be applied on the
wheelchair user restraint system in the horizontal plane of the vehicle and
towards the front of the vehicle if the restraint system is not attached to the
floor of the vehicle. If the restraint system is attached to the floor, the force
shall be applied in an angle of 45 ± 10 degrees to the horizontal plane of the
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle;
3.8.2.4.1.2. 675 ± 20 daN in the horizontal plane of the vehicle and towards the front of
the vehicle on the lap portion of the belt and 675 ± 20 daN in the horizontal
plane of the vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the torso portion
of the belt in the case of 3-point belt;
3.8.2.4.1.3. 1,715 ± 20 daN in an angle of 45 ± 10 degrees to the horizontal plane of the
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the wheelchair restraint system;
3.8.2.4.1.4. The forces shall be applied simultaneously;
3.8.2.4.2.1. 740 ± 20 daN in the case of a lap belt. The force shall be applied on the
wheelchair user restraint system in the horizontal plane of the vehicle and
towards the front of the vehicle if the restraint system is not attached to the
floor of the vehicle. If the restraint system is attached to the floor, the force
shall be applied in an angle 45 ± 10 degrees to the horizontal plane of the
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle;
3.8.2.4.2.2. 450 ± 20 daN in the horizontal plane of the vehicle and towards the front of
the vehicle on the lap portion of the belt and 450 ± 20 daN in the horizontal
plane of the vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the torso portion
of the belt in the case of 3-point belt;
3.8.2.4.2.4. The forces shall be applied simultaneously.
3.8.2.5. In forward direction in the case of a combined wheelchair and wheelchair
user restraint system.
3.8.2.5.1. For category M2;
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the wheelchair user restraint
system in the case of a lap belt;
3.8.2.5.1.2. 675 ± 20 daN in an angle of 45 ± 10 degrees to the horizontal plane of the
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the lap portion of the belt
and 675 ± 20 daN in the horizontal plane of the vehicle and towards the front
of the vehicle on the torso portion of the belt in the case of 3-point belt;
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vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the wheelchair user restraint
system in the case of a lap belt;
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the lap portion of the belt
and 450 ± 20 daN in the horizontal plane of the vehicle and towards the front
of the vehicle on the torso portion of the belt in the case of 3-point belt;
vehicle and towards the front of the vehicle on the wheelchair restraint
system;
3.8.2.6. In rearward direction:
3.8.2.6.1. 810 ± 20 daN in an angle of 45 ± 10 degrees to the horizontal plane of the
vehicle and towards the rear of the vehicle on the wheelchair restraint system.
3.8.2.7. In every case the forces shall be applied to the wheelchair user restraint
system by means of a traction device appropriate to the belt type as specified
in Regulation No. 14.
3.8.3. Forward-facing wheelchair - hybrid test requirements
3.8.3.1. A wheelchair space shall be fitted with a wheelchair restraint system suitable
for general wheelchair application and shall allow the carriage of a
wheelchair and a wheelchair user facing the front of the vehicle;
3.8.3.2. A wheelchair space shall be fitted with a wheelchair user restraint system
which shall comprise of a minimum of two anchorage points and a pelvic
restraint (lap belt) designed and constructed of components intended to
perform in a similar manner to those of a seat belt conforming to
Regulation No. 16;
3.8.3.3. Any restraint system fitted to a wheelchair space shall be capable of being
easily released in the case of an emergency;
3.8.3.4. Any wheelchair restraint system shall either:
3.8.3.4.1. Meet the dynamic test requirements described in paragraph 3.8.3.8. and be
securely attached to vehicle anchorages meeting the static test requirements
in paragraph 3.8.3.6. below; or
3.8.3.4.2. Be securely attached to vehicle anchorages such that the combination of
restraint and anchorages meets the requirements of paragraph 3.8.3.8.
3.8.3.5. Any wheelchair user restraint shall either:
3.8.3.5.1. Meet the dynamic test requirements described in paragraph 3.8.3.9. and be
securely attached to vehicle anchorages meeting the static test requirements
in paragraph 3.8.3.6. below; or
3.8.3.5.2. Be securely attached to vehicle anchorages such that the combination of
restraint and anchorages meets the dynamic test requirements described in
paragraph 3.8.3.9. when attached to anchorages set up as described in
paragraph 3.8.3.6.7.
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3.8.3.6. A static test shall be carried out on the anchorage points for both the
wheelchair restraint system and the wheelchair user restraint in accordance
with the following requirements:
3.8.3.6.1. The forces specified in paragraph 3.8.3.7. below shall be applied by means of
a device reproducing the geometry of the wheelchair restraint system;
3.8.3.6.2. The forces specified in paragraph 3.8.3.7.3. below shall be applied by means
of a device reproducing the geometry of the wheelchair user restraint and by
means of a traction device specified in Regulation No. 14.
3.8.3.6.3. The forces in paragraph 3.8.3.6.1.above and paragraph 3.8.3.6.2. shall be
applied simultaneously in the forward direction and at an angle
of 10 ± 5 degrees above the horizontal plane;
3.8.3.6.4. The forces in paragraph 3.8.3.6.1. above shall be applied in the rearward
direction and at an angle of 10 ± 5 degrees above the horizontal plane;
3.8.3.6.5. The forces shall be applied as rapidly as possible through the central vertical
axis of the wheelchair space; and
3.8.3.6.6. The force shall be maintained for a period of not less than 0.2 seconds.
3.8.3.6.7. The test shall be carried out on a representative section of the vehicle
structure together with any fitting provided in the vehicle which is likely to
contribute to the strength or rigidity of the structure.
3.8.3.7. The forces specified in paragraph 3.8.3.6. above are:
3.8.3.7.1. In the case of anchorages provided for a wheelchair restraint system fitted to
a category M2 vehicle:
3.8.3.7.1.1. 1,110 ± 20 daN applied in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and towards
the front of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200 mm and not more
than 300 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, and
3.8.3.7.1.2. 550 ± 20 daN applied in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and towards the
rear of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200 mm and not more
than 300 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;
3.8.3.7.2. In the case of anchorages provided for a wheelchair restraint system fitted to
a category M3 vehicle
front of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200 mm and not more
than 300 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, and
rear of the vehicle at a height of not less than 200 mm and not more
than 300 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space;
3.8.3.7.3. In the case of anchorages provided for a wheelchair user restraint system the
forces shall be in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 14.
The forces shall be applied by means of a traction device as appropriate to the
belt type as specified in Regulation No. 14.
3.8.3.8. A wheelchair restraint system shall be subject to a dynamic test carried out in
accordance with the following requirements:
3.8.3.8.1. A representative wheelchair test trolley of mass 85 kg shall, from a speed of
between 48 km/h to 50 km/h to rest, be subject to a deceleration-time pulse:
3.8.3.8.1.1. Exceeding 20 g in the forward direction for a cumulative period of at
least 0.015 seconds;
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3.8.3.8.1.2. Exceeding 15 g in the forward direction for a cumulative period of at

least 0.04 seconds;
3.8.3.8.1.3. Exceeding a duration of 0.075 seconds;
3.8.3.8.1.4. Not exceeding 28 g and for not more than 0.08 seconds;
3.8.3.8.1.5. Not exceeding a duration of more than 0.12 seconds, and
3.8.3.8.2. A representative wheelchair test trolley of mass 85 kg shall, from a speed of
between 48 km/h to 50 km/h to rest, be subject to a deceleration-time pulse:
3.8.3.8.2.1. Exceeding 5 g in the rearward direction for a cumulative period of at
least 0.015 seconds;
3.8.3.8.2.2. Not exceeding 8 g in the rearward direction and for not more
than 0.02 seconds;
3.8.3.8.3. The test in paragraph 3.8.3.8.2. above shall not apply if the same restraints
are used for the forward and rearward direction or if an equivalent test has
been conducted;
3.8.3.8.4. For the above test, the wheelchair restraint system shall be attached to either:
3.8.3.8.4.1. Anchorages fixed to the test rig which represents the geometry of the
anchorages in a vehicle for which the restraint system is intended, or
3.8.3.8.4.2. Anchorages forming part of a representative section of the vehicle for which
the restraint system is intended, set up as described in paragraph 3.8.3.6.7.
above.
3.8.3.9. A wheelchair user restraint shall comply with the test requirements specified
in Regulation No. 16 or an equivalent test to the deceleration-time pulse in
paragraph 3.8.3.8.1. above. A seat belt approved to Regulation No. 16 and so
marked shall be deemed to comply.
3.8.3.10. A test in paragraph 3.8.3.6., 3.8.3.8. or 3.8.3.9. above shall be deemed to
have failed unless the following requirements are met:
3.8.3.10.1. No part of the system shall have failed, or shall have become detached from
its anchorage or from the vehicle during the test;
3.8.3.10.2. Mechanisms to release the wheelchair and user shall be capable of release
after completion of the test;
3.8.3.10.3. In the test in paragraph 3.8.3.8. above the wheelchair shall not move more
than 200 mm in the longitudinal plane of the vehicle during the test;
3.8.3.10.4. No part of the system shall be deformed to such an extent after completion of
the test that, because of sharp edges or other protrusions, the part is capable
of causing injury.
3.8.3.11. Its operating instructions shall be clearly displayed adjacent to it.
3.8.4. Rearward facing wheelchair - static test requirements
3.8.4.1. Vehicles not required to have occupant restraint systems fitted may, as an
alternative to the provisions of paragraph 3.8.2. or 3.8.3. above, be provided
with a wheelchair space designed for the wheelchair user to travel
unrestrained with the wheelchair facing rearwards against a support or
backrest, in accordance with the following provisions:
3.8.4.1.1. One of the longitudinal sides of the space for a wheelchair shall rest against a
side or wall of the vehicle or a partition;
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3.8.4.1.2. A support or backrest perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle

shall be provided in the forward end of the wheelchair space;
3.8.4.1.3. The support or backrest shall be designed for the wheels or the back of the
wheelchair to rest against the support or backrest in order to avoid the
wheelchair from tipping over and shall comply with the provisions of
paragraph 3.8.5. below;
3.8.4.1.4. A handrail or handhold shall be fitted to the side or wall of the vehicle or a
partition in such a way to allow the wheelchair user to grasp it easily. This
handrail shall not extend over the vertical projection of the wheelchair space,
except by not more than 90 mm and only at a height not less than 850 mm
above the floor of the wheelchair space;
3.8.4.1.5. A retractable handrail or any equivalent rigid device shall be fitted on the
opposite side of the wheelchair space in order to restrict any lateral shift of
the wheelchair and to allow the wheelchair user to grasp it easily;
3.8.4.1.6. A sign shall be fixed adjacent to the wheelchair area with the following text:
"This space is reserved for a wheelchair. The wheelchair shall be placed
facing rearwards resting against the support or backrest with the brakes on".
markings used.
3.8.5. Backrest and support requirements
3.8.5.1. A backrest fitted to a wheelchair space in accordance with paragraph 3.8.4.
shall be fitted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and shall
be capable of bearing a load of 250 ± 20 daN applied to the centre of the
padded surface of the backrest, at a height of not less than 600 mm and of not
more than 800 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair
space, for a minimum of 1.5 seconds by means of a block 200 mm x 200 mm
in the horizontal plane of the vehicle towards the front of the vehicle. The
backrest shall not deflect more than 100 mm or suffer permanent deformation
or damage.
3.8.5.2. A support fitted to a wheelchair space in accordance with paragraph 3.8.4.
shall be fitted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and shall
be capable of withstanding a force of 250 ± 20 daN applied to the centre of
the support, for a minimum of 1.5 seconds in the horizontal plane of the
vehicle towards the front of the vehicle in the middle of the support. The
support shall not deflect more than 100 mm or suffer permanent deformation
or damage.
3.8.6. Example of a backrest meeting the requirements of paragraph 3.8.4.1.3.
above (see Annex 4, Figure 29).
3.8.6.1. The bottom edge of a backrest shall be at a height of not less than 350 mm
and of not more than 480 mm measured vertically from the floor of the
wheelchair space.
3.8.6.2. The top edge of a backrest shall be at a height of not less than 1,300 mm
measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space.
3.8.6.3. A backrest shall have a width of:
3.8.6.3.1. Not less than 270 mm and of not more than 420 mm up to a height of
830 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space, and
3.8.6.3.2. Not less than 270 mm and of not more than 300 mm at heights exceeding
830 mm measured vertically from the floor of the wheelchair space.
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3.8.6.4. A backrest shall be fitted at an angle of not less than four degrees and of not
more than eight degrees to the vertical with the bottom edge of the backrest
positioned closer to the rear of the vehicle than the top edge.
3.8.6.5. The padded surface of a backrest shall form a single and continuous plane.
3.8.6.6. The padded surface of a backrest shall pass through any point on an
imaginary vertical plane situated to the rear of the front end of the wheelchair
space and situated not less than 100 mm and not more than 120 mm from the
front end of the wheelchair space measured horizontally and not less
than 830 mm and not more than 870 mm from the floor of the wheelchair
space measured vertically.
3.9. Door controls
3.9.1. If a door referred to in paragraph 3.6. is fitted with opening controls for use
under normal circumstances, these controls shall:
3.9.1.1. In the case of exterior controls, be on or adjacent to that door at a height
between 850 mm and 1,300 mm from the ground and be not more than 900 mm
from the door, and
3.9.1.2. In the case of interior controls in vehicles of Classes I, II and III, be on or
adjacent to that door at a height of between 850 mm and 1,300 mm from the
upper surface of the floor nearest the control and be not more than 900 mm in
any direction from the door aperture.
3.10. Provisions for the accommodation of unfolded prams and pushchairs
3.10.1. A dedicated area shall be provided for the accommodation of at least one
unfolded pram or pushchair.
3.10.2. The dimensions of the unfolded pram or pushchair area shall not be less than
750 mm wide and 1,300 mm long. Its longitudinal plane shall be parallel to the
longitudinal plane of the vehicle and the floor surface shall be slip resistant.
3.10.3. Accessibility to prams and pushchairs areas shall be provided in accordance
with the following provisions:
3.10.3.1. It shall be possible for an unfolded pram or pushchair to be moved freely and
easily from the outside of the vehicle through at least one of the service doors
into the special area(s)
3.10.3.1.1. By "moving freely and easily", it is meant that:
(a) There is sufficient space available for the pram or pushchair to be
manoeuvred;
(b) There are no steps, gaps or stanchions which could be an obstacle to the
free movement of the pram or pushchair.
3.10.4. The area shall be fitted with the pictogram shown in Annex 4, Figure 23 C.
3.10.4.1. The same pictogram shall be placed both on the front nearside of the vehicle
and adjacent to the service door that gives access to the pram or pushchair area.
3.10.5. The following requirements shall apply to the stability of the unfolded pram or
pushchair:
3.10.5.1. One of the longitudinal sides of the space for a pram or pushchair shall rest
against a side or wall of the vehicle or a partition;
3.10.5.2. A support or backrest perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle shall
be provided in the forward end of the pram or pushchair space;
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3.10.5.3. The support or backrest shall be designed to avoid the pram or pushchair from
tipping over and shall comply with the provisions of paragraph 3.8.5. above;
3.10.5.4. A handrail or handhold shall be fitted to the side or wall of the vehicle or a
partition in such a way to allow the accompanying person to grasp it easily.
This handrail shall not extend over the vertical projection of the pram or
pushchair space, except by not more than 90 mm and only at a height not less
than 850 mm above the floor of the pram or pushchair space;
3.10.5.5. A retractable handrail or any equivalent rigid device shall be fitted on the
opposite side of the pram or pushchair space in order to restrict any lateral shift
of the pram or pushchair.
3.10.6. The area shall be provided with a specific control, e.g. a push-button, to enable
the passenger with an unfolded pram or pushchair to request that the vehicle be
stopped at the next bus stop. The general requirements of paragraph 7.7.9.1. of
Annex 3 shall apply.
3.10.7. The control shall be fitted with the pictogram described in Figure 23 C of
Annex 4. The dimensions of the pictogram may be reduced as needed.
3.10.8. The area to accommodate the unfolded pram or pushchair may adjoin the area
for the wheelchair and be in its extension. Intrusions of stanchions to provide
handholds for standing passengers may be permitted provided the requirement
of paragraph 3.10.3. of this annex is met.
3.10.9. Additional wheelchair areas may be combined with the area for the
accommodation of an unfolded pram or pushchair provided the relevant
requirements are met. In such a case, the area shall have signs fixed on or
adjacent to them with the following text, equivalent text or pictogram:
3.11. Provisions for boarding devices
3.11.1. General requirements:
3.11.1.1. The controls actuating the boarding devices shall be clearly marked as such.
The extended or lowered position of the boarding device shall be indicated by
a tell-tale to the driver.
3.11.1.2. In the event of the failure of a safety device, lifts, ramps and kneeling
systems shall be incapable of operation, unless they can be safely operated by
manual effort. The type and location of the emergency operating mechanism
shall be clearly marked. In the event of power failure, lifts and ramps shall be
capable of manual operation.
3.11.1.3. Access to one of the service or emergency doors on the vehicle may be
obstructed by a boarding device providing the following two conditions are
satisfied from both inside and outside the vehicle.
3.11.1.3.1. The boarding device does not obstruct the handle or other device for opening
the door.
3.11.1.3.2. The boarding device can be readily moved to leave the doorway clear for use
in an emergency.
3.11.2. Kneeling system
3.11.2.1. A switch shall be required to enable operation of the kneeling system.
3.11.2.2. Any control which initiates the lowering or raising of any part or the whole of
the bodywork relative to the road surface shall be clearly identified and be
under the direct control of the driver.
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3.11.2.3. The lowering process shall be capable of being stopped and immediately
reversed by a control both within the reach of the driver, whilst seated in the
cab, and also adjacent to any other operating controls provided for the
operation of the kneeling system.
3.11.2.4. Any kneeling system that is fitted to a vehicle shall not allow the vehicle to
be driven at a speed of more than 5 km/h when the vehicle is lower than the
normal height of travel.
3.11.3. Lift
3.11.3.1. General provisions
3.11.3.1.1. Lifts shall only be capable of operation when the vehicle is at standstill. Any
movement of the platform shall be prevented unless a device preventing the
wheelchair from rolling off has been activated or has automatically come into
operation.
3.11.3.1.2. The lift platform shall not be less than 800 mm wide, and not less
than 1,200 mm long and shall be capable of operating when carrying a mass
of at least 300 kg.
3.11.3.2. Additional technical requirements for power-operated lifts
3.11.3.2.1. The operating control shall be designed in such a way that, if released, it
automatically returns to the off position. As it does so the movement of the
lift shall immediately be stopped and it shall be possible to initiate a
movement in either direction.
3.11.3.2.2. A safety device (e.g. reversing mechanism) shall protect areas not visible to
the operator, where the movement of the lift might trap or crush objects.
3.11.3.2.3. In the event of one of these safety devices coming into operation, the
movement of the lift shall immediately be stopped and movement in the
opposite direction initiated.
3.11.3.3. Operation of power operated lifts
3.11.3.3.1. Where the lift is at a service door situated within the direct field of vision of
the driver of the vehicle, the lift may be operated by the driver when in the
driver’s seat.
3.11.3.3.2. In all others cases, the controls shall be adjacent to the lift. They shall be
capable of being activated and deactivated only by the driver from his seat.
3.11.3.4. Manually operated lift
3.11.3.4.1. The lift shall be designed for operation by controls adjacent to the lift.
3.11.3.4.2. The lift shall be so designed that excessive forces are not required to operate it.
3.11.4. Ramp
3.11.4.1. General provisions
3.11.4.1.1. The ramp shall only be capable of operation when the vehicle is at standstill.
3.11.4.1.2. Edges on the outside shall be rounded to a radius of no less than 2.5 mm.
Corners on the outside shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 5 mm.
3.11.4.1.3. The useable surface of a ramp shall be at least 800 mm wide. The slope of the
ramp, when extended or folded out on to a kerb of 150 mm in height, should
not exceed 12 per cent. The slope of the ramp, when extended or folded out
to the ground, should not exceed 36 per cent. A kneeling system may be used
to achieve this test.
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3.11.4.1.4. Any ramp which when ready for use exceeds 1,200 mm in length shall be
fitted with a device to prevent the wheelchair rolling off the sides.
3.11.4.1.5. Any ramp shall be capable of operating safely with a load of 300 kg.
3.11.4.1.6. The outer edge of ramp surfaces available for use by a wheelchair shall be
clearly marked with a band of colour 45 mm to 55 mm in width which
contrasts visually with the remainder of the ramp surface. The band of colour
shall extend along the outermost edge and along both edges parallel to the
direction of travel of the wheelchair.
Marking of any trip hazard or where part of the ramp surface also forms part
of the step is permissible.
3.11.4.1.7. A portable ramp shall be secure when in its position for use. A portable ramp
shall be provided with a suitable position where it can be safely stowed and
where it is readily available for use.
3.11.4.2. Modes of operation
3.11.4.2.1. Deployment and stowage of the ramp may be either manual or power-operated.
3.11.4.3. Additional technical requirements for power-operated ramps
3.11.4.3.1. Deployment and stowage of the ramp shall be indicated by flashing yellow
lights and an audible signal.
3.11.4.3.2. Deployment and stowage of the ramp that may create a risk of injury shall be
protected by a safety device(s).
3.11.4.3.3. These safety devices shall stop the movement of the ramp when the ramp is
subject to a mean reactive force not exceeding 150 N. The peak force may be
higher than 150 N for a short time provided that it does not exceed 300 N.
The reactive force may be measured by any method to the satisfaction of the
Type Approval Authority. Guidelines for measuring the reactive forces are
given in Annex 6 to this Regulation.
3.11.4.3.4. The horizontal movement of a ramp shall be interrupted when a mass
of 15 kg is placed upon it.
3.11.4.4. Operation of power-operated ramps
3.11.4.4.1. Where the driver has adequate view of the ramp sufficient to monitor its
deployment and use, to ensure the safety of passengers, the ramp may be
operated by the driver when in the driver’s seat. This requirement may be met
by a suitable indirect vision device(s).
3.11.4.4.2. In all others cases, the controls shall be adjacent to the ramp. They shall be
capable of being activated and deactivated only by the driver from his seat.
3.11.4.5. Operation of manually-operated ramp
3.11.4.5.1. The ramp shall be so designed that excessive forces are not required to
operate the ramp.
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Annex 9
Annex 9 - (Reserved)
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Annex 10
Annex 10
Type approval for a separate technical unit and type

approval of a vehicle fitted with a bodywork already
approved as a separate technical unit
1. Separate technical unit type approval.
1.1. In order to be granted separate technical unit type approval to this Regulation
for a vehicle bodywork, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to the
satisfaction of the Type Approval Authority the accomplishment of the
conditions declared by the manufacturer. The remaining conditions to this
Regulation shall be accomplished and demonstrated according to
paragraph 2. below.
1.2. Approval may be granted subject to conditions to be met by the completed
vehicle (such as, for example, characteristics of suitable chassis, restriction
on use or installation), these restrictions being recorded on the approval
certificate.
1.3. Any such conditions shall be communicated to the purchaser of the vehicle
bodywork or the next stage builder of the vehicle in an appropriate form.
2. Type approval of a vehicle fitted with a bodywork already approved as a
2.1. In order to be granted Type approval to this Regulation for a vehicle fitted
with a bodywork which has already been granted approval as a separate
technical unit, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
Type Approval Authority compliance with the requirements of this
Regulation that would not have already been accomplished and demonstrated
according to paragraph 1. above, considering any previous Type-Approval as
uncompleted vehicle.
2.2. Any requirements established according to paragraph 1.2. above shall be
fulfilled.
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Annex 11
Masses and dimensions

1. This annex applies to the masses and dimensions of motor vehicles of
categories M2 and M3 in so far as they are necessary for the approval of a
vehicle in respect of its general construction.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this annex:
2.1. "Group of axles" means axles being part of a bogie. A two-axle group is
called a tandem and a tri-axle group a tri-axle bogie. By convention, a solo
axle is considered as a group of one axle.
2.2. "Vehicles dimensions" means the dimensions of the vehicle based on its
construction, as stated by manufacturer.
2.2.1. "Vehicle length" is a dimension which is measured according to ISO standard
612-1978, term No. 6.1.
In addition to the provisions of that standard, when measuring the vehicle
length the following devices shall not be taken into account:
(a) Wiper and washer devices;
(b) Front or rear marking-plates;
(c) Customs sealing devices and their protection;
(d) Devices for securing the tarpaulin and their protection;
(e) Lighting equipment;
(f) Mirrors and other devices for indirect vision;
(g) Watching aids;
(h) Air-intake pipes;
(i) Length stops for demountable bodies;
(j) Access steps and hand-holds;
(k) Ram rubbers and similar equipment;
(l) Lifting platforms, access ramps and similar equipment in running
order, not exceeding 300 mm, provided that the loading capacity of
the vehicle is not increased;
(m) Coupling devices for motor vehicles;
(n) Trolley booms of electrically-propelled vehicles;
(o) External sun visors.
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2.2.2. "Vehicle width" is a dimension which is measured according to ISO standard

612-1978, term No. 6.2.
width the following devices shall not be taken into account:
(a) Customs sealing devices and their protection;
(b) Devices for securing the tarpaulin and their protection;
(c) Tyre failure tell-tale devices;
(d) Protruding flexible parts of a spray-suppression;
(e) Lighting equipment;
(f) Access ramps in running order, lifting platforms and similar
equipment in running order provided that they do not exceed 10 mm
from the side of the vehicle and the corners of the ramps facing
forwards or rearwards are rounded to a radius of not less than 5 mm;
the edges shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 2.5 mm;
(g) Mirrors and other devices for indirect vision;
(h) Tyre-pressure indicators;
(i) Retractable steps;
(j) The deflected part of the tyre walls immediately above the point of
contact with the ground;
(k) Watching aids;
(l) Retractable lateral guidance devices on buses and coaches intended for
use on guided bus systems, if not retracted;
(m) Service-door lighting devices.
2.2.3. "Vehicle height" is a dimension which is measured according to ISO
standards 612-1978, term No. 6.3.
height the following devices shall not be taken into account:
(a) Aerials;
(b) Pantographs or trolley booms in their elevated position.
For vehicles with an axle-lift device, the effect of this device shall be taken
into account.
2.3. "Technically permissible maximum mass on the axle (m)" means the mass
corresponding to the maximum permissible static vertical load exerted by the
axle on the road surface, based on the construction of the vehicle and of the
axle and as stated by the vehicle manufacturer.
2.4. "Technically permissible maximum mass on a group of axles (µ)" means the
mass corresponding to the maximum permissible static vertical load exerted
by the group of axles on the road surface, based on both the construction of
the vehicle and of the group of axles and as stated by the vehicle
manufacturer.
2.5. "Towable mass" means the total load exerted on the road surface by the
axle(s) of the towed vehicle(s).
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2.6. "Technically permissible maximum towable mass (TM)" means the maximum
towable mass stated by the manufacturer.
2.7. "Technically permissible maximum mass on the coupling point of a vehicle"
means the mass corresponding to the maximum permissible static vertical
load on the coupling point based on the construction of the vehicle and/or
coupling device and as stated by the manufacturer. By definition, this mass
does not include the mass of the coupling device of the vehicle.
2.8. "Technically permissible maximum laden mass of the combination (MC)"
means the total mass of a combination of vehicle and trailer(s) as stated by
the manufacturer.
2.9. "Axle-lift device" means a device permanently fitted to a vehicle for the
purpose of reducing or increasing the load on the axle(s), according to the
loading conditions of the vehicle:
(a) Either by raising the wheels clear off the ground/lowering them to the
ground;
(b) Or without raising the wheels off the ground, (e.g. in the case of air
suspension systems, or other systems);
In order to reduce the wear on the tyres when the vehicle is not fully
laden, and/or make starting (moving off) on slippery ground easier for
motor vehicles or vehicle combinations, by increasing the load on the
driving axle.
3. Requirements
3.1. Measurement of the mass of the vehicle in running order and of its
distribution among the axles
The mass of the vehicle in running order and its distribution on the axles are
measured on the vehicle(s) submitted in accordance with paragraph 3.4. of
this Regulation placed in a stationary position with their wheels set straight
ahead. If the measured masses differ by no more than 3 per cent from the
masses stated by the manufacturer for the corresponding technical
configurations within the type, or by no more than 5 per cent if the vehicle is
of category M2 not exceeding 3,500 kg, the masses in running order and their
distribution among the axles as stated by the manufacturer are used for the
purpose of the requirements below. Otherwise the measured masses shall be
used and the technical service may then, if necessary, carry out additional
measurements on vehicle(s) other than those submitted in accordance with
paragraph 3.4. of this Regulation.
3.2. Mass distribution calculations
3.2.1. Calculation procedure
3.2.1.1. For the purpose of the mass distribution calculations hereafter laid down, the
manufacturer shall provide the technical service in charge of the tests, with
the information (in tabular or any other appropriate form) necessary to
identify for each technical configuration within the vehicle type the
corresponding technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle,
the technically permissible maximum masses on the axles and groups of
axles, the technically permissible maximum towable mass, and the
technically permissible maximum laden mass of the combination.
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3.2.1.2 Suitable calculations shall be carried out in order to make sure that the
following requirements are fulfilled for each technical configuration within
the type. For this purpose, the calculations may be limited to the worst cases.
3.2.1.3. In the following requirements, the notations M, mi, µj TM, and MC
respectively designate the following parameters, for which the requirements
of paragraph 3.2. above shall be fulfilled:
M= the technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle;
mi = the technically permissible maximum mass on the axle designated
"i", where "i" varies from 1 to the total number of axles of the vehicle;
µj = the technically permissible maximum mass on the solo axle or group
of axles designated "j", where "j" varies from 1 to the total number of
solo axles and groups of axles;
TM = the technically permissible maximum towable mass, and
MC = the technically permissible maximum laden mass of the combination.
3.2.1.4. In the case of a solo axle, designated "i" as an axle and "j" as a group of
axles, mi = µj by definition.
3.2.1.5. In the case of vehicles fitted with loadable axles, the calculations required by
paragraph 3.2.1.2. above shall be carried out with the suspension of the axles
loaded in the normal running configuration. In the case of vehicles fitted with
retractable axles, the calculations required by paragraph 3.2.1.2. above shall
be carried out with the axles lowered.
3.2.1.6. For groups of axles, the manufacturer shall indicate the laws of distribution
among the axles of the total mass applied on to the group (for instance by
stating the distribution formulae or producing distribution graphs).
3.2.2. Loading limitations
3.2.2.1. The sum of the masses mi shall not be less than the mass M.
3.2.2.2. For each group of axles designated "j", the sum of the masses mi on its axles
shall not be less than the mass µj. In addition, each of the masses mi shall not
be less than the part of µj applying on the axle "i" as determined by the
mass distribution laws for that group of axles.
3.2.2.3. The sum of the masses µj shall not be less than the mass M.
3.2.2.4. MC shall not exceed M + TM.
3.2.3. Loading conditions
3.2.3.1. The mass of the vehicle in running order, plus the mass Q multiplied by the
number of seated and standing passengers, plus the masses WP, B and BX as
defined in paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. below, plus the technical permissible
maximum mass on the coupling point, if a coupling is fitted by the
manufacturer, shall not exceed the mass M.
3.2.3.2. When the vehicle in running order is laden as described in
paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. below, the mass corresponding to the load on each axle
shall not exceed the mass mi on each axle, and the mass corresponding to the
load on each solo axle or group of axles shall not exceed the mass µj on that
group of axles. Moreover, the mass corresponding to the load on the driving
axle or the sum of masses, corresponding to the loads on the driving axles
shall be at least 25 per cent of M.
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3.2.3.2.1. The vehicle in running order is loaded with: a mass corresponding to the
number P of seated passengers, of mass Q; a mass corresponding to the
number SP of standing passengers, of mass Q uniformly distributed over the
surface available for standing passengers S1; where appropriate, a mass WP
uniformly distributed over each wheelchair space; a mass equal to B (kg)
uniformly distributed in the baggage compartments; a mass equal to BX (kg)
uniformly distributed over the surface area of the roof equipped for the
carriage of baggage, where:
P is the number of seating places.
S1 is the area for standing passengers. In the case of vehicles of Classes III
or B, S1 = 0.
SP, declared by the manufacturer, shall not exceed the value S1/SSp, where Ssp
is the conventional space provided for one standing passenger specified in the
table below.
WP (kg), is the number of wheelchair spaces multiplied by 250 kg
representing the mass of a wheelchair and user.
B (kg), declared by the manufacturer, shall have a numeric value not less than
100 x V. This shall include baggage compartments or racks that may be
attached to the outside of the vehicle.
V is the total volume of baggage compartments in m3. When approving a
vehicle of Class I or A, the volume of baggage compartments accessible only
from the outside of the vehicle shall be disregarded.
BX, declared by the manufacturer, shall have a numeric value not less
than 75 kg/m2.
Double-deck vehicles shall not be equipped for the carriage of baggage on
the roof and therefore BX for double-deck vehicles shall be zero.
Q and SSp have values laid down in the following table:
Ssp (m2/passenger) conventional

Vehicle class Q (kg) mass of one passenger space for one standing passenger
Classes I and A 68 0.125

Class II 71* 0.15
*
Classes III and B 71 None

Including 3 kg for hand baggage.
3.2.3.2.2. In the case of a vehicle equipped with a variable seating capacity, area
available for standing passengers (S1) and/or equipped for the carriage of
wheelchairs, the requirements of paragraphs 3.2.3.1. and 3.2.3.2. above shall
be determined for each of the following conditions as applicable:
3.2.3.2.2.1. With all possible seats occupied followed by the remaining area for standing
passengers (up to the standing capacity limit declared by the manufacturer, if
reached, excluding areas designated for use exclusively by wheelchair users)
and, if space remains, any wheelchair spaces occupied;
3.2.3.2.2.2. With all possible standing areas occupied (up to the standing capacity limit
declared by the manufacturer, excluding areas designated for use exclusively
by wheelchair users), followed by the remaining seats available for seated
passengers and, if space remains, any wheelchair spaces occupied;
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3.2.3.2.2.3. With all possible wheelchair spaces occupied followed by the remaining area
for standing passengers (up to the standing capacity limit declared by the
manufacturer, if reached) and then the remaining seats available for use
occupied.
3.2.3.3. When the vehicle is in running order or laden as specified in
paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. above, the mass corresponding to the load on the front
axle or group of axles shall not be less than the percentage of the mass of the
vehicle in running order or of the technically permissible maximum laden
mass "M" laid down in the following table:
Classes I and A Class II Classes III and B
Rigid Articulated Rigid Articulated Rigid Articulated

1 1
20 20 25 20 25 20
1
This figure is reduced to 20 per cent for 3 axle vehicles of Classes II and III having two steered axles.
3.2.3.4. Where a vehicle is to be approved to more than one class, paragraphs 3.2.3.1.
and 3.2.3.2. above shall apply to each class.
3.3. Marking of vehicles
3.3.1. The vehicle shall be clearly marked on the inside in a position visible to the
driver in his seating position:
3.3.1.1. In letters or pictograms not less than 10 mm high and numbers not less
than 12 mm high, with:
3.3.1.1.1. The maximum number of seating places the vehicle is designed to carry;
3.3.1.1.2. The maximum number of standing places, if any, the vehicle is designed to carry;
3.3.1.1.3. The maximum number of wheelchairs which the vehicle is designed to carry,
if any.
3.3.1.2. In letters or pictograms not less than 10 mm high and numbers not less
than 12 mm high, with:
3.3.1.2.1. The mass of baggage which may be carried when the vehicle is fully loaded
according to paragraph 3.2.3. of this annex.
3.3.1.2.2. As appropriate this shall include the mass of baggage:
3.3.1.2.2.1. In baggage compartments (mass B, paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. above);
3.3.1.2.2.2. On the roof if equipped for the carriage of baggage (mass BX,
paragraph 3.2.3.2.1. above).
3.3.2. Space shall be provided adjacent to the above markings allowing the vehicle
to be marked, in letters or pictograms not less than 10 mm high and numbers
not less than 12 mm high, with the mass of baggage B and BX which may be
carried when the vehicle is loaded with the maximum number of passengers
and crew and the vehicle is not exceeding the maximum laden mass, or the
maximum mass of any axle or group of axles at which the vehicle can be put
into service in the Contracting Party where it is to be registered. Contracting
Parties that require the marking of this mass shall, in agreement with the
manufacturer, determine the mass of baggage to be marked and take the
necessary measures to ensure that vehicles are so marked prior to their
registration.
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3.4. Manœuvrability
3.4.1. Any vehicle shall be able to manoeuvre on either side for a complete circular
trajectory of 360° inside an area defined by two concentric circles, the outer
circle having a radius of 12.50 m and the inner circle having a radius
of 5.30 m, without any of the vehicle's outermost points (with the exception
of the protruding parts excluded from the measurement of the vehicle width)
projecting outside the circumferences of the circles. For vehicles with axle-
lift devices, this requirement also applies with the retractable axle(s) in the
lifted position or loadable axle(s) in the unladen condition.
3.4.1.1. The requirements of paragraph 3.4.1. above shall be verified with the
outermost front point of the vehicle guided along the contour of the outer
circle (see Figure A).
3.4.2. With the vehicle stationary, a vertical plane tangential to the side of the vehicle
and facing outwards from the circle shall be established by marking a line on
the ground. In the case of an articulated vehicle, the two rigid portions shall be
aligned with the plane. When the vehicle moves from a straight line approach
into the circular area described in paragraph 3.4.1. above, no part of it shall
move outside of that vertical plane by more than 0.60 m (see Figures B and C).
Figure A
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Annex 11
Figure B
R = 12.5 m
r = 5.3 m
U = maximum 0.6 m
Figure C
R = 12.5 m
r = 5.3 m
U = maximum 0.6 m
3.4.3. The requirements of paragraphs 3.4.1. to 3.4.2. above may also be verified, at
the request of the manufacturer, with an appropriate equivalent calculation or
geometric demonstration.
3.4.4. In the case of incomplete vehicles, the manufacturer shall declare the
maximum permissible dimensions for which the vehicle is to be checked
against the requirements of 3.4.1. and 3.4.2. above.
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Annex 12
Additional safety prescriptions for trolleybuses

1. Definitions and operating parameters
For the purpose of this annex:
1.1. "Line voltage" means the voltage provided to the vehicle from the external
power supply.
Trolleybuses shall be designed to operate at a rated line voltage of either:
(a) 600 V (a working range of 400 to 720 V); or
(b) 750 V (a working range of 500 to 900 V).
1.2. The electrical circuits of a trolleybus are classified as:
1.2.1. "High voltage circuits" means circuits energised at line voltage;
1.2.2. "Low voltage circuits" means circuits energised at a nominal voltage
of 12 V, 24 V or 42 V.
1.2.3. "Three phase circuits" means circuits supplied with a three-phase voltage not
exceeding 400 V AC.
1.3. Rated climatic conditions
Trolleybuses shall be designed to operate reliably under the following
environmental conditions:
1.3.1. A temperature range of minus 40 °С to plus 40 °С;
1.3.2. A relative humidity of 98 per cent at temperatures up to 25 °С;
1.3.3. An atmospheric pressure range of 866 kPa to 1,066 kPa;
1.3.4. An altitude range from sea level to a maximum of 1,000 m above the sea
level.
1.4. "Self-extinguishing material" means a material that does not continue to burn
when the ignition source is removed.
2. Power collection
2.1. Electrical power shall be obtained from the contact wires by means of one or
more power collection devices, normally comprising two trolley booms. (A
single trolley boom or a pantograph may be used in guided applications). A
trolley boom shall consist of a roof mounting (trolley base), a pole, an
electrical power collector (trolley head) and a replaceable contact surface
insert. Trolley booms shall be mounted so that they can turn in both
horizontal and vertical directions.
2.2. Poles shall be made of an insulated material or of metal covered with
insulating material and shall be resistant to mechanical shocks.
2.3. Power collectors shall be designed to maintain adequate positive contact with
the contact wires when the wires are located at between 4 and 6 metres above
the ground and, in the case of trolley booms, to allow the longitudinal axis of
the trolleybus to deviate at least 4.0 metres to either side of the mean axis of
the contact wires.
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Annex 12
2.4. If the power collector becomes accidentally detached from the contact wire
(de-wired), the upper end of the power collector(s) shall not be raised higher
than 7.2 metres above the road, or 1 metre maximum above the contact wires
at the time of de-wiring, nor lower than 0.5 metres above the roof of the
trolleybus.
2.5. Each trolley boom shall be equipped with a device which retracts the boom
automatically if the pole unwires.
2.6. The trolley head, if dismounted from its normal position on the pole, shall be
remain attached to the pole and shall not fall down.
2.7. The insulation resistance between the electric power collector and the roof
mounting/trolley base shall be at least 10 М:
2.8. Power collectors may be equipped with remote control from the driver’s
compartment, at least for retraction.
2.9. Provision shall be made to enable the driver to replace, if necessary, contact
surface inserts while the vehicle is in operation on the road.
3. Traction and auxiliary equipment
3.1. Electrical components installed on the trolleybus shall be protected against
over-voltage and short-circuit current. The protection shall preferably be
assured by circuit breakers that are reset automatically, remotely or manually.
3.2. Electrical components shall be protected against commutation or atmospheric
over-voltage.
3.3. Circuit breakers shall provide interruption of particular damaged circuits.
3.4. If any circuit includes a single-pole circuit breaker, it shall be installed in the
positive wire of the circuit.
3.5. All electrical circuits and circuit branches shall be of dual wiring. The
trolleybus body can be used for current earth return only for low voltage
circuits.
3.6. Battery cases, covers and trays shall be made of non-flammable or self-
extinguishing materials.
3.7. Electrical components energized at the line voltage shall have additional
insulation from the vehicle.
3.8. Electrical components, with the exception of traction resistors, shall be
protected against penetration of moisture and dust into the body and onto
insulated and current conducting parts.
3.9. Within the rated climate conditions, with the trolleybus dry and clean, the
insulation resistance of electrical circuits, when all rotating machines and
apparatus are switched on, shall not be less than:
3.9.1. Body to high voltage circuits 5 M
3.9.2. High voltage circuits to low voltage circuits 5 M
3.9.3. Body to positive pole of low voltage circuits 1 M
3.10. Wiring and apparatus:
3.10.1. Only multi-core wires shall be used for high voltage circuits. All high
voltage DC wiring shall have insulation rated for 3,000 V DC or AC.
3.10.2. Mounted wiring should not be stressed mechanically.
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Annex 12
3.10.3. Wiring insulation shall not propagate burning.

3.10.4. Wiring of different voltages shall be mounted separately.
3.10.5. Wiring conduits shall be made of non-flammable material.
3.10.6. [Reserved]
3.10.7. Wiring located under the floor of the trolleybus shall be contained in conduit
that protects it against the ingress and propagation of water and dust.
3.10.8. Fastening and arrangement of wiring and cables shall be designed to prevent
damage by abrasion (chafing) of insulation. Grommets of elastomeric
material shall be provided at points where wiring penetrates metal structure.
The bend radius of conduits containing wiring shall be at least five times the
external diameter of the conduit.
3.10.9. The location of wiring in the vicinity of circuit breakers shall be designed so
as to prevent arcing onto the wiring.
3.10.10. Precautions shall be taken to avoid damage of wiring from heated resistors
and other electrical components. In critical areas thermo-resistant wires shall
be used.
3.10.11. Wiring holders, connectors and other mounting devices shall be made of non-
flammable or self-extinguishing materials. Electrical components of the self-
extinguishing materials shall only be installed outside the passenger
compartment.
3.10.12. All electrical circuits shall undergo an excess voltage test. The test voltage
shall be AC with a frequency of 50 Hz and approximately sinusoidal form.
The time of application of the test voltage shall be 1 min.
3.10.12.1. The test voltage Utest for electrical equipment and wiring for high voltage
circuits shall be:
Utest = 2.5 U + 2,000 V AC,
Where U is the rated line voltage
3.10.12.2. The test voltage for low voltage circuits shall be Utest = 750 V AC.
3.11. Electrical machines, apparatus, devices and wiring shall withstand
mechanical loads, applied to mounting points, as follows:
3.11.1. Sine-wave form vibration of 0.5 - 55 Hz frequency and 10 m/s2 maximum
amplitude including resonance if produced;
3.11.2. Vertical discrete shocks of 30 m/s2 peak shock acceleration lasting 2 - 20 ms.
4. Electrical safety of passengers and crew
4.1. At the rated climate conditions, with the trolleybus dry and clean and
connected to both positive and negative power supply via the power
collection devices, the earth leakage current from the body shall not be higher
than 0.2 mA.
4.2. The trolleybus shall be equipped with an on-board device for permanent
monitoring of leakage current or voltage between the chassis and the road
surface. The device shall disconnect the high voltage circuits from the contact
system if the leakage current exceeds 3 mA at a line voltage of 600 V DC, or
if the leakage voltage exceeds 40 V.
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Annex 12
4.3. Stanchions and handrails at doorways shall be made of insulating material or

covered with mechanically durable insulation or insulated from the trolleybus
body. The insulation resistance shall at least be 1.0 M over a contact area
of 10,000 ± 500 mm2.
4.4. The first steps shall be made of insulating material or covered with
mechanically durable insulation. The insulation resistance shall at least
be 1.0 M over a contact area of 30,000 ± 500 mm2.
4.5. Door panels shall be made of insulating material or insulated from the
trolleybus body. The insulation resistance shall be at least 1.0 M over a
contact area on the panel of 30,000 ± 500 mm2.
4.6. The external body panels adjacent to the door apertures shall be covered with
insulating material. The insulated area shall extend in width at least 500 mm
each side of the door apertures and in height at least 2,000 mm from the
roadway. The insulation resistance in respect to the trolleybus body shall not
be less than 1.0 M over a contact area of 20,000 ± 500 mm2.
4.7. If the trolleybus is equipped with double-insulated converters,
paragraphs 4.3. to 4.6. above need not be applied.
5. The driver’s compartment
5.1. In the driver’s compartment, there should not be any high voltage equipment
accessible by the driver.
5.2. As a minimum, the instrument panel shall include:
5.2.1. Indicator of voltage in the contact system;
5.2.2. Indicator of zero voltage in the contact system;
5.2.3. Indicator of state of main automatic line voltage circuit breaker;
5.2.4. Indicator of charge/discharge of the batteries;
5.2.5. Indicator of body voltage or leakage current exceeding the limits specified in
paragraph 4.2. above.
126

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E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.106/Rev.6−E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.106/Rev.

Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for

Addendum 106: Regulation No. 107

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category M2 or M3

Regulation No. 107

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of category M2

2 Arrangements of approval marks ..................................................................................................... 30

2.2. "Definition of type(s)"

2.13. "Exit" means a service door, intercommunication staircase, half-staircase or

3. Application for approval

the area for the accommodation of an unfolded pushchair or pram. In such a

6. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle

8. Penalties for non-conformity of production

9. Production definitively discontinued

10. Transitional provisions

10.5. Notwithstanding paragraphs 10.2. and 10.3. above, approvals of vehicles

11. Names and addresses of Technical Services

Annex 1 – Part 1 – Appendix 1

Approval documentation - Model Information documents

Model information document pursuant to Regulation No. 107

2.7. Driving cab (forward, or normal) (z): ...............................................................

(c) As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles

Annex 1 - Part 1 - Appendix 2

Model information document relating to Regulation No. 107

Annex 1 - Part 1 - Appendix 3

Model information document

Pursuant to Regulation No. 107 relating to type approval of a

2.7. Hand of drive:

Annex 1 - Part 2 - Appendix 1

issued by: Name of administration:

Concerning:2 Approval granted

of a type of a vehicle/component/separate technical unit2 with regard to Regulation No. 107

Approval No.: ............................................ Extension No.: ........................................

Annex 1 - Part 2 - Appendix 2

issued by: Name of administration:

Concerning:2 Approval granted

of a type of a vehicle/component/separate technical unit2 with regard to Regulation No. 107

Approval No.: ............................................ Extension No.: ........................................

Annex 1 - Part 2 - Appendix 3

issued by: Name of administration:

Concerning:2 Approval granted

of a type of a vehicle/component/separate technical unit2 with regard to Regulation No. 107

Approval No.: ............................................ Extension No.: ........................................

Arrangements of approval marks

* This number is given merely as an example.

Requirements to be met by all vehicles

7.5.1.5.2. Paragraph 7.5.1.5.1. above is considered to be satisfied if the following areas

Classes I & A Class II Classes III & B

paragraph 7.6.1.4. above is a door giving access to the passenger

Except as provided in paragraph 7.6.1.12., hatches may also be fitted in the

7.6.3. Minimum dimensions of exits

In the case of double-deck vehicles of Class I, this requirement also applies to

7.6.5.1.5. May activate a starting prevention device;

of the switch or an indicator lamp or an illuminated switch. The switch shall

7.6.9.2. Roof escape hatches shall be ejectable, hinged or made of readily-breakable

7.6.10.8. The corners of retractable steps facing forwards or rearwards shall be

7.6.12. Service-door lighting

Number of passengers > 22 ≤ 22

Area First step (mm) 400 x 300 400 x 200