A. Endoderm

Short essay questions
1- Mention the skeletal and muscular derivatives of the second

pharyngeal arch.
2- Mention the derivatives of the first and second pharyngeal
pouches.
3- Enumerate 3of the congenital anomalies of the face.
4- Mention 3 congenital anomalies of the teeth.
5- Mention 3congenital anomalies of the nose.
6- Enumerate 5 derivatives of neural crest.
7- Mention the derivatives of prosencephalon.
8- Mention one congenital anomaly of the brain and its cause.
1. The pharyngeal pouches are made from:

A. Endoderm.
B. Ectoderm.
C. Intermediate mesoderm.
D. Lateral plate mesoderm.
2. Which of the following bones are formed from the first arch?
A. Malleus and incus.
B. Malleus and stapes.
C. Incus and stapes.
D. Incus and styloid process.
3. Which of the following pharyngeal arches is associated with

intrinsic muscles of larynx?
A. First.
B. Second.
C. Third.
D. Six.
4. The nerve supply of the first pharyngeal arch is the:

A. Glossopharyngeal.
B. Facial.
C. Mandibular.
D. Vagus.
5. The mesoderm of the maxillary process forms all the following,

EXCEPT the:
A. Maxilla.
B. Premaxilla
C. Zygomatic bone.
D. Parietal bone.
6. Which of the following pharyngeal pouches forms the superior

parathyroid?
A. Second.
B. Third.
C. Fourth.
D. Sixth.
7. The epithelial lining of the external auditory meatus is derived

mainly from:
A. Ectoderm of the first pharyngeal cleft.
B. Endoderm of the first pharyngeal pouch.
C. Ectoderm of the second pharyngeal cleft.
D. Endoderm of the second pharyngeal pouch.
8. Which of the following is a muscular derivative of the first

pharyngeal arch?
A. Stapedius.
B. Stylohyoid.
C. Medial petrygoid.
D. Muscles of facial expression.
9. The anterior belly of digastric muscle is derived from the:

A. 1st pharyngeal arch.
B. 2nd pharyngeal arch.
C. 1st pharyngeal pouch.
D. 2nd pharyngeal pouch.
10. The thymus gland originates mainly from the:

A. Ventral wing of the third pharyngeal pouch.
B. Dorsal wing of the third pharyngeal pouch.
C. Ventral wing of the fourth pharyngeal pouch.
D. Dorsal wing of the fourth pharyngeal pouch.
11. The nerve supply of the third pharyngeal arch is the:

A. Facial.
B. Vagus.
C. Mandibular.
D. Glossopharyngeal.
12. The most common site of the branchial fistula is at the:

A. Anterior border of sternomastoid muscle.
B. Posterior border of sternomastoid muscle.
C. Angle of mandible.
D. Tonsillar region.
13. The forehead is developed from the:
A. Maxillary swelling.
B. Frontonasal swelling.
C. Mandibular swelling.
D. Medial nasal swelling.
14. The lateral cleft lip occurs due to failure of fusion between the:
A. Mandibular and maxillary swellings.

B. Mandibular and lateral nasal swellings.
C. Lateral and medial nasal swellings.
D. Maxillary and medial nasal swellings.
15. The oblique facial cleft occurs due to failure of fusion between the:

B. Maxillary and lateral nasal swellings.
D. Maxillary and medial nasal swellings.
16. Which swelling forms the ala of the nose?
A. Mandibular.
B. Maxillary.
C. Medial nasal.
D. Lateral nasal.
17. The philtrum is developed from:
A. Intermaxillary segment.
B. Maxillary swelling.
D. Lateral nasal swelling.
18. The lower lip is developed from the:
A. Medial nasal swelling.

B. Lateral nasal swelling.
D. Maxillary swelling.
19. The macrostomia is due to incomplete fusion between:
A. Maxillary and mandibular swellings.

B. Lateral and medial nasal swellings.
C. Mandibular and lateral nasal swellings.
D.Maxillary and lateral nasal swellings
20. Which paranasal sinus is present at birth?
A. Maxillary sinus.
B. Frontal sinus.
C. Sphenoid sinus.
D. None of the above.
21. Failure of olfactory placodes development results in:
A. Polyrhinia.
B. Arhinia.
C. Hypertelorism.
D. Hypotelorism.
22. The nasal septum develops from
A. The merged medial nasal processes

B. Lateral nasal process
C. Mandibular process
D. Maxillary process
23. The nasolacrimal groove lies between the:

B. Mandibular and lateral nasal swellings.
D. Maxillary and lateral nasal swellings.
24. Abnormally large distance between the eyes is:
A. Polyrhinia.
B. Arhinia.
C. Hypertelorism.
D. Hypotelorism.
25. The primary palate is developed from the:
A. Medial nasal swellings.

26. The intermaxillary segment gives rise to all the following except the:
A. Philtrum.
B. Premaxillary part of the maxilla.
C. Primary palate.
D. Secondary palate.
26. The secondary palate is developed from the:
A. Intermaxillary segment.
27. The anterior 2/3 of the tongue are developed from the:
A. First pharyngeal arch

B. Second pharyngeal arch
C. Third pharyngeal arch
D. Fourth pharyngeal arch
28. The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is developed from the:
A. 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

B. 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arches
C. 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches
D. 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches
29. Dental lamina is derived from:
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm
D. mesenchyme
30. Dental papilla is derived from:
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Endoderm
D. Mesenchyme
31. Odontoblasts give rise to:
A. Enamel
B. Cementum
C. Teeth root
D. Dentin
32. Ameloblasts give rise to:
A. Cementum
B. Enamel
C. Teeth root
D. Dentin
33.Cementoblasts are originated from:
A. Mesoderm.
B. Endoderm.
C. Ectoderm.
D. Both ectoderm and endoderm.
34. Anodontia is:
A. Additional teeth formation.

B. Teeth erupt by the time of birth.
C. Discolored teeth.
D. Absence of one or more teeth.
35. Teeth deficient in enamel is due to
A. Tetracyclines
B. Vitamin D deficiency
C. Abnormal size of teeth
D. Idiopathic
36.Macrodontiais:
A. Large teeth
B. Small teeth
C. Natal teeth
D. Discolored teeth
37. The Central nervous system is developed from:
A. Ectoderm
B. Mesoderm.
C. Endoderm.
38. Cerebral cortex is developed from:
A. Metancephalon.
B. Telencephalon.
C. Myelencephalon.
D. Mesencephalon
39. Which of the following is NOT a derivative from Rhombencephalon
A. Pons
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Thalamus
40. Which of the following is a derivative of Neural crest?
A. Diencephalon.
B. Prosencephalon.
C. Pia matter.
D. Dura matter.
41. Which of the following structures is derived from telencephalon?
A. Basal ganglia.
B. Thalamus.
C. Cerebellum.
D. Medulla oblongata.
42. The midbrain is developed from:
E. Telencephalon.
F. Metencephalon.
G. Myelencephalon.
H. Mesencephalon.
43. Cells of the autonomic ganglia are derived from the:
A. Mesoderm.
B. Endoderm.
C. Neural crest.
D. Ectoderm.
44. Metencephalon derivatives are:
A. Cerebellum & pons.

B. Cerebrum & midbrain.
C. Cerebrum & thalamus.
D. Cerebellum & medulla oblongata.
45. Medulla oblongata is developed from are:
A. Telencephalon.
B. Metancephalon.
C. Myelencephalon.
D. Mesencephalon
46. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is resulted from:
A. Increase production of CSF.

B. Stenosis of interventricular foramen.
C. Obstruction distal to the ventricles.
D. Aqueductal stenosis.
47. Anencephaly is a result of:
A. Failure of the anterior neuropore to close.

B. Failure of the posterior neuropore to close.
C. Small cranial vault.
D. Dilation of the ventricles.
48. Dorsal component of otic vesicle gives rise to:
A. Cochlear duct.
B. Saccule.
C. Semicircular canals.
49. Membranous labyrinth is derived from:
A. Ectoderm.
B. Mesoderm.
C. Endoderm.
50. Stapes is derived from which pharyngeal arch?
A. First.
B. Second.
C. Third.
D. Forth.
51. The eardrum (tympanic membrane) is made up of:
A. Ectoderm and endoderm.

B. Mesoderm and endoderm.
C. Ectoderm and mesoderm.
D. Ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.
52. Preauricular appendages and pits lies ……to the auricle:
A. Anterior.
B. Posterior.
C. Superior.
D. Inferior.
53. The eye is developed as an outgrowth from:
A. Telencephalon
B. Mesencephalon
C. Diencephalon
D. Metencephalon
54. The lens is formed from:
A. Mesoderm.
B. Ectoderm.
C. Endoderm.
D. Ectoderm and endoderm.
55. The pigmented layer of the retina is formed from the:
A. Head ectoderm.
B. Proximal part of optic vesicle.
C. Inner layer of optic cup.
D. Outer layer of optic cup.
56. The pupil of the eye is formed from the:
A. Mouth of the optic cup.

B. Inner layer of optic cup.
C. Outer layer of optic cup.
D. Proximal part of optic vesicle.
57. The Optic stalk will form the:
A. Central artery of the retina.

B. Optic cup.
C. Optic nerve.
D. Retina.
58. Coloboma occurs due to:

A. The choroid fissure fails to close.
B. Complete absence of the iris.
C. Absence of lens.
D. Abnormal small eye ball.
59. Anophthalmia is due to:
A. Complete absence of the iris.

B. Absence of lens.
C. Abnormal small eye ball.
D. Complete absence of the eye.
60. Congenital aphakia means:
A. Absence of lens.
B. Absence of the iris.
C. Absence of the eye.
D. Single eye.

A. Endoderm

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Short essay questions

1- Mention the skeletal and muscular derivatives of the second

1. The pharyngeal pouches are made from:

3. Which of the following pharyngeal arches is associated with

4. The nerve supply of the first pharyngeal arch is the:

5. The mesoderm of the maxillary process forms all the following,

6. Which of the following pharyngeal pouches forms the superior

7. The epithelial lining of the external auditory meatus is derived

8. Which of the following is a muscular derivative of the first

9. The anterior belly of digastric muscle is derived from the:

10. The thymus gland originates mainly from the:

11. The nerve supply of the third pharyngeal arch is the:

12. The most common site of the branchial fistula is at the:

13. The forehead is developed from the:

A. Mandibular and maxillary swellings.

A. Mandibular and maxillary swellings.

17. The philtrum is developed from:

18. The lower lip is developed from the:

A. Medial nasal swelling.

19. The macrostomia is due to incomplete fusion between:

A. Maxillary and mandibular swellings.

20. Which paranasal sinus is present at birth?

21. Failure of olfactory placodes development results in:

22. The nasal septum develops from

A. The merged medial nasal processes

23. The nasolacrimal groove lies between the:

A. Mandibular and maxillary swellings.

24. Abnormally large distance between the eyes is:

25. The primary palate is developed from the:

A. Medial nasal swellings.

A. First pharyngeal arch

28. The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is developed from the:

A. 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

29. Dental lamina is derived from:

30. Dental papilla is derived from:

31. Odontoblasts give rise to:

32. Ameloblasts give rise to:

33.Cementoblasts are originated from:

34. Anodontia is:

A. Additional teeth formation.

35. Teeth deficient in enamel is due to

38. Cerebral cortex is developed from:

39. Which of the following is NOT a derivative from Rhombencephalon

40. Which of the following is a derivative of Neural crest?

41. Which of the following structures is derived from telencephalon?

43. Cells of the autonomic ganglia are derived from the:

44. Metencephalon derivatives are:

A. Cerebellum & pons.

45. Medulla oblongata is developed from are:

46. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is resulted from:

A. Increase production of CSF.

47. Anencephaly is a result of:

A. Failure of the anterior neuropore to close.

48. Dorsal component of otic vesicle gives rise to:

49. Membranous labyrinth is derived from:

50. Stapes is derived from which pharyngeal arch?

51. The eardrum (tympanic membrane) is made up of:

A. Ectoderm and endoderm.

52. Preauricular appendages and pits lies ……to the auricle: