24HA2303713

Academic Literacy for Law Student

Module Code: HALL 130

Date: 12 May 2023

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2
Contents
QUESTION 1 ............................................................................................................. 1
QUESTION 2 ............................................................................................................. 2
QUESTION 3 ............................................................................................................. 3
QUESTION 4 ............................................................................................................. 5
QUESTION 5 ............................................................................................................. 6
QUESTION 6 ............................................................................................................. 7
QUESTION 7 ............................................................................................................. 9
QUESTION 7.1 ....................................................................................................... 9
QUESTION 7.2 ....................................................................................................... 9
QUESTION 7 ........................................................................................................... 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 11
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QUESTION 1
Printing was introduced to Europe by Johannes Gutenberg when he invented the
moveable printing press. His invention was a mechanical movable type printing. This
resulted in the Printing Revolution. This event had a great impact on the Age of
Enlightenment and the Scientific revolution. It allowed for the spread of learning to
occur by laying the foundation for the modern knowledge-based economy. In 1439,
he was the first to use a moveable printing type. His contribution includes the use of
oil-based ink and the wooden printing press. His system aided in the mass
production of printed books and economically benefited both printers and readers.
His method of making type was faster, more economical, and durable.

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QUESTION 2
1. The foreman then administered cardiopulmonary resuscitation to keep his brother
alive until the EMT appeared. However, the foreman’s brother died in the
ambulance on the way to the hospital.
2. “We need two copies of each document”, the office manager explained.
3. Mr Garcia sat next to his granddaughter, Julia Jackson, while his thirteen-year-old
grandson, Jacob Jackson, sat in the row directly behind them.
4. Joannie, enthusiastically inquired: “How many gifts under the tree are for me?”
5. The Barnett and Rivera courts specify that for a search warrant to be valid, the
warrant must particularly describe what is to be searched.

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QUESTION 3
• Kelebogile should start her email by correctly sending it to the correct email
address.
• If it is necessary to add e-mail addresses if anyone needs a carbon copy of
the email or if a broadcast message needs to be sent to many, remember not
to send it to everyone in your contact list. Only send the email to the meant
recipients (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• Thereafter she needs to state the subject in the subject line, stating what the
email is about. This can simply be one, two or three words, for example:
“Enquiry about clerkship”, etc. The subject line needs to always be filled in
with a topic that is related to the reader. Keep the subject line specific or
meaningful, appropriate, relevant, and thoughtful (Potgieter & Van Wyk,
2017).
• The subject line should be used wisely. It should be short and precise and
specific (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• Keep the email short and brief (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• When starting the email, she needs to correctly greet the respected
professional, for example: “Good day Professor” or “Dear Mr” etc. It is
important to use the correct salutation when addressing the respected
professional individual. It is important to keep the e-mail more formal
(Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• It is important for her to think about show she wants to sound or come across
in the e-mail. The tone needs to be adapted to what she would like to convey
in the message (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• Consideration needs to be given to who she is writing. She needs to keep the
audience in mind and know what the person’s knowledge or background is. In
this instance, the lecturer has knowledge in the legal world and would
understand references to article clerkship and what is entails (Potgieter & Van
Wyk, 2017).
• The first introductory line should explain who you are, and you are emailing
about. This needs to be precise and to the point. For example, “My name is
Kelebogile and I am a final year LLB student seeking advice on how to go
about my applications for articles of clerkship.” The first sentence should tell
the reader what the email is about (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).

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• The second line/ paragraph should state what she wants from the Professor.
If she would like a face-to-face appointment, she should ask for this. If she
would like a list of possible law firms she should apply to, she should ask for
this. If she wants to book a zoom meeting or telephonic arrangement, or have
a discussion in class about it, she should state this in her second line/
paragraph and be precise. Whatever she is seeking or wants information on
or needs assistance with needs to be stated with precise detail and correctly.
• Lastly, it is important to thank the person for the assistance and close the
email with a good conclusion line. Remember to always say please and thank
you (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017). For example: “Thank you for your
assistance”, or “I look forward to hearing from you”.
• She should think, write, and wait a bit. It is important to not write so quickly
when sending an e-mail and do it without thinking things through properly
(Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• Always sign off the e-mail (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017),” Best wishes”, or
“Kind regards”, or “Regards” are inserted at the bottom and the name and
surname of Kelebogile should be stated lastly and her credentials.
• It is also very important for her to proofread her e-mail and be sure of what
she sends. Emails are something that should not be done in a rush. Never
use all CAPITALS or all lower-case in the e-mail. The rules of grammar need
to be followed. The use of capitals in an e-mail lets the reader know that you
are shouting, and this can be received in an offensive manner (Potgieter &
Van Wyk, 2017).
• Logical and correct language should be used and in the case of an E-mail,
English is the best option. This is the language of learning in South Africa and
understood by the majority. The general rule is that text speaking should be
avoided in e-mails as this is a professional platform. Avoid textspeak like “plz”
and “LOL”. Written out and correct spell words (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).
• Always proofread again before clicking on “send” (Potgieter & Van Wyk,
2017).

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QUESTION 4
Synonym Meaning
Belief Religion A personal set or
institutionalized system of
religious attitudes, beliefs
and practices OR a
cause, principle, or
system of beliefs held to
with ardour and faith
(Webster, n.d.)
Repercussion Consequence Something produced by a
cause or necessarily
following from a set of
conditions (Webster,
n.d.).
Torment Torture Something that causes
agony or pain (Webster,
n.d.).
Expropriation Dispossession To put out of possession
or occupancy (Webster,
n.d.).
Impotence Ineffectiveness Not producing an
intended effect OR not
capable of performing
efficiently or as expected
(Webster, n.d.)

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QUESTION 5
Facts

In the case of Nkosi v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others; Mr.
Nkosi was a prisoner who was charged and convicted of murder in the High Court.
After his conviction, he filed an application to have his sentence reviewed and set
aside. He claimed that his constitutional rights were violated as he was not given an
opportunity to make representations before the decision to prosecute him was made.
He also argued that he was not provided with adequate legal representation during
his trial.

Issue

The main issue in this case was whether Mr. Nkosi's constitutional rights were
violated during his prosecution and trial, specifically his right to a fair trial and his
right to make representations before being prosecuted.

Rule of Law

The rule of law states that all individuals are entitled to a fair trial and to be presumed
innocent until proven guilty. This includes the right to legal representation and the
right to make representations before being prosecuted.

Application

The court found that Mr. Nkosi's constitutional rights were indeed violated during his
prosecution and trial. The court held that the decision to prosecute him was made
without giving him an opportunity to make representations, which was a violation of
his constitutional rights. Additionally, the court found that Mr. Nkosi was not provided
with adequate legal representation during his trial. As a result, the court set aside Mr.
Nkosi's sentence and ordered a retrial.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the court found that Mr. Nkosi's constitutional rights were violated
during his prosecution and trial. The court ordered a retrial to ensure that Mr. Nkosi's
right to a fair trial is protected. This case serves as an important reminder that all
individuals are entitled to a fair trial and to have their constitutional rights protected,
regardless of their circumstances.

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QUESTION 6
Problem and solution structure: This structure presents one or more problems and
provides one or more solutions to solve it (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017). It is often
used in persuasive writing, such as opinion essays and proposals. Signal questions
can be used: “What is the problem?”, “Why is this a problem?”, “What is being done
to solve this problem?”,” What can be done to solve this problem?” (Potgieter & Van
Wyk, 2017).

Description Structure: This structure focuses on describing a person, object, place,

or event. It is commonly used in creative writing, such as poetry and descriptive
essays. This structure explains an idea or topic, person, event, place, or object by
providing characteristics, features or giving examples. A signal question can include
asking what is important to remember about it (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).

Compare and/or contrast structure: This structure is used to identify similarities

and differences between two or more things (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017). It is often
used in academic writing to compare different theories, ideas, or arguments. Signal
questions can include by asking to describe what is similar and/or different about two
or more subjects (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).

Chronological sequencing: This structure arranges information in the order in

which events, actions or steps in a process occurred (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017). It
is commonly used in narratives, biographies, and historical accounts or business
charters. Signal questions can include asking what items, events, or steps are listed
and in what order did they occur (Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).

Cause and effect structure: This structure presents information in terms of cause
and-effect relationships. It is useful in explaining why something happened and in
analysing the impact of certain events. Signal questions to ask are “What
happened?”, or “Why did it happen?”, or “What are the effects of the occurrence?”
(Potgieter & Van Wyk, 2017).

Argumentative structure: This structure presents a thesis statement or main

argument and then provides evidence and reasoning to support it. It is commonly
used in academic writing, such as research papers and essays. This is used to
present an argument in a clear and convincing way (Vidakovic, 2023).

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Explanatory structure: This structure is used to explain a concept, process, or
phenomenon. It is often used in scientific writing, such as lab reports and research
papers.

Logical Structure: This structure arranges the data in the order of the validity of
various claims. It is a writing style that is used in academic writing. Essays and
research papers, and theses (Vidakovic, 2023).

Classification Structure: This structure aids in efficiently organizing the information

in the writing. The information can be classified by putting it into categories. In the
example of writing a book review article, it can be separated by genre, author,
subject, etc (Vidakovic, 2023).

Spatial Structure: This structure is used to arrange information according to

physical location or area. It is helpful when writing descriptive literature especially in
regard to location of places you have visited and would like to visit (Vidakovic, 2023).

By using these structures, writers can organize their ideas and present information in
a clear and effective manner. The choice of structure will depend on the purpose and
context of the writing, as well as the intended audience.

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QUESTION 7
QUESTION 7.1
The 1977 Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions Relating to the Protection
of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Additional Protocol I) is significant
because it modernized and expanded the protections provided to victims of armed
conflicts. The Protocol addressed gaps and deficiencies in the existing Geneva
Conventions, especially with respect to the conduct of hostilities and the treatment of
prisoners of war. It introduced new rules on the conduct of hostilities, including
prohibitions on indiscriminate attacks, the use of certain weapons, and attacks on
civilian objects. The Protocol also clarified and expanded the definition of prisoner of
war status, providing additional protections for captured combatants.

QUESTION 7.2
Yes, the statement is correct. Combatants who commit grave breaches of
international humanitarian law can lose their prisoner-of-war status and the benefits
that come with it. The article explains that combatants who do not respect the laws
and customs of war and who engage in acts such as "murder, mutilation, torture, or
other acts of violence" can be deprived of prisoner-of-war status. If a combatant
loses prisoner-of-war status, they are no longer entitled to the privileges and
protections afforded to prisoners of war under the Geneva Conventions, including
humane treatment and release at the end of hostilities

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QUESTION 7
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB
Accept Acceptance Acceptable Acceptably
Energizing Energy Energetic Energetically
Believe Belief Believable Believably
Comforted Comfort Comfortable Comfortably
Accuse Accusation Accusing Accusingly
Expect Expectation Expected Expectedly

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Potgieter, M. & Van Wyk, A., 2017. Academic Literacy for Law Students A content-
based approach. Cape Town: Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd.
Vidakovic, I., 2023. Text.cortex. [Online]
Available at: https://textcortex.com/post/types-of-structure-in-writing
[Accessed 10 May 2023].
Webster, M., n.d. Merriam Webster Dictionary. [Online]
Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/enter
[Accessed 23 March 2023].

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