TRS501 VOCABULARY LIST

PRONUNCIATION
GROU https://www.oxfordle
WORD MEANING (Vietnamese equivalent)
P arnersdictionaries.com
/
SLOTS 1-2: Language and Linguistics / pp. 4-5
1. gesture (n) /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show
a particular meaning ( cử chỉ hành động )
1 2. means (n) /miːnz/ a/ way of achieving or doing something (phương thức , cách thức )
2 3. facilitate(v) /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ to make an action or a process possible or easier (tạo điều kiện làm cho dễ
dàng )
3 4. systematic (adj) /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/ done according to a system or plan, in a complete, efficient or determined
way (mang tính hệ thống )
4 5. myth (n) /mɪθ/ a common believed but false idea SYN fallacy ( truyện hoang đường)
5 6. inferior (adj) /ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)/ not good or not as good as somebody/something else OPP superior (không
tốt hoặc không tốt bằng ai đó/cái gì khác tốt hơn)
1 7. comparative (adj) /kəmˈpærətɪv/ connected with studying things to find out how similar or different they are
(so sánh)
2 8. cognition (n) /kɒɡˈnɪʃn/ the process by which knowledge and understanding is developed in the mind
(nhận thức )

9. quip (v) /kwɪp/ to make a quick and clever remark (lời châm biếm)
10. imply (v) /ɪmˈplaɪ/ to suggest that something is true or that you feel or think something, without
saying so directly; to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it
directly ( ngụ ý , bao hàm)
11. classification (n) /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ a group, class, division, etc. into which somebody or something is put (sự
phân loại , loại)
12. evolve (v) /ɪˈvɒlv/ to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form;
to develop something in this way (tiến hóa , tiến triển)
13. distinction (n) /dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/ the act of separating people or things into different groups (sư phân biệt)
14. blur (v) /blɜː(r)/ to become or make it become difficult to recognize a clear difference
between things (làm mờ)
15. complexities (n) [plural] /kəmˈpleksəti/ the features of a problem or situation that are difficult to understand (sự
phức tạp)
16. stem from (v) / result to be the result of something (bắt nguồn từ)
from
17. alternate (v) /ɔːlˈtɜːnət/ Switch (xen kẽ , chuyển tiếp)
18. fit in (v) be accepted ( có thể chấp nhận , làm cho khớp với , ăn khớp )
19. convey (v) / express (v) /kənˈveɪ/ express or say (truyền đạt)
20. taboo (adj) /təˈbuː/ forbidden (điều cấm kỵ)
21. utterance (n) /ˈʌtərəns/ spoken word or language (lời muốn nói , lời nói)
22. substandard (adj) /ˌsʌbˈstændəd/ less than average or acceptable (dưới tiêu chuẩn)
23. competence (n) /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/ ability to do something well (khả năng )
24. grasp (n) /ɡrɑːsp/ Understanding (thấu hiểu )
25. bring about (phr.v) to make something happen
26. collapse (n) /kəˈlæps/ a sudden failure of something
27. defect (n) /ˈdiːfekt/ a fault in something or in the way it has been made that means that it is not
perfect
28. executive (adj) /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ connected with managing a business or an organization, and with making
plans and decisions
29. implication (n) /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ 1. a possible effect or result of an action or a decision a possible effect or
result of an action or a decision
2. something that is suggested or indirectly stated
30. repercussion (n) /ˌriːpəˈkʌʃn/ consequence
31. retirement (n) /rɪˈtaɪəmənt/ the period of your life after you have stopped work, usually because you
have reached a particular age

32. violation (n) /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/ the act of going against or refusing to obey a law, an agreement, etc.
33. inclusive (adj) /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ open to everyone
34. initiative (n) /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ a plan or program designed to improve a situation or address a problem
35. primary (adj) /ˈpraɪməri/ most important
36. promote (v) /prəˈməʊt/ help something develop or become more popular
37. single-minded (adj) /ˌsɪŋɡl ˈmaɪndɪd/ having one aim
38. substantial (adj) /səbˈstænʃl/ large (rộng lớn)
39. supplier (n) /səˈplaɪə(r)/ a person or company that provides goods or services (nhà cung cấp)
40. target (v) /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ make something have an effect on a limited group or area
41. commitment (n) /kəˈmɪtmənt/ a promise to do/ support something
42. consumption (n) /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ the act of buying and using products
43. dedicated (adj) /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/ working hard at something because it is very important to you
/ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and
44. productivity (n) the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is
needed to produce them
/ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ the opinion that people have about what s.o/s.th is like, based on what has
45. reputation (n) happened in the past
46. staggering (adj) /ˈstæɡərɪŋ/ so great, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe
47. turnover (n) /ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r)/ the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by other
people
48. ultimately (adv) /ˈʌltɪmətli/ in the end, finally
49. anomaly (n) /əˈnɒməli/ a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or expected

50. atmosphere (n) /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or a star
51. cycle (n) /ˈsaɪkl/ a series of events being repeated many times, always in the same order
(vòng lặp)
52. dramatically (adv) /drəˈmætɪkli/ very suddenly and to a very great and often surprising degree
53. factor (n) /ˈfæktə(r)/ one of several things that cause or influence something
54. variability (n) /ˌveəriəˈbɪləti/ the fact of something being likely to vary
55. absorb (v) /əbˈzɔːb/ to take in and keep heat, light, energy, sound, etc. instead of reflecting it
( hấp thụ )
56. drive (v) /draɪv/ to influence something or cause it to make progress
57. emission (n) /ɪˈmɪʃn/ a gas or other substance that is sent into the air (sự phát ra , sự truyền ra)
58. emit (v) /iˈmɪt/ to send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
59. potential (n) /pəˈtenʃl/ the possibility of something happening or being developed or used
60. retain (v) /rɪˈteɪn/ to keep something; to continue to have something
61. shift (n) /ʃɪft/ a change in opinion, mood, policy, etc.
62. characterize (v) /ˈkærəktəraɪz/ to describe or show the qualities of somebody/something in a particular
way
63. equator (n) /ɪˈkweɪtə(r)/ an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the north and
south poles
64. humid (adj) /ˈhjuːmɪd/ warm and slightly wet
65. predictable (adj) /prɪˈdɪktəbl/ if something is predictable, you know in advance that it will happen or what
it will be like
66. reverse (v) /rɪˈvɜːs/ to change something completely so that it is the opposite of what it was
before
67. vary (v) /ˈveəri/ to change or be different according to the situation
68. abundant (adj) /əˈbʌndənt/ existing in large quantities
69. account for (v) to make up a particular amount or part of something
70. decay (n) /dɪˈkeɪ/ the natural chemical change that causes the slow destruction of something
71. excess (n) /ɪkˈses/ larger amount of something than is suitable
72. potency (n) /ˈpəʊtnsi/ the strength of something
73. trap (v) /træp/ to prevent from escaping
74. cue (n) /kjuː/ an action or event that is a signal for somebody to do something
75. enable (v) /ɪˈneɪbl/ to make it possible for somebody/something to do something
76. ensure (v) /ɪnˈʃɔː(r)/ to make sure that something happens or is definite
77. input (n) /ˈɪnpʊt/ time, knowledge, ideas, etc. that you put into work, a project, etc. in order to
make it succeed; the act of putting something in

78. nonsense (n) /ˈnɒnsns/ spoken or written words that have no meaning or make no sense

79. prior to before

81. adherent (n) /ədˈhɪərənt/ a person who supports a particular set of ideas
82. arbitrary (adj) /ˈɑːbɪtrəri/ not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes
seeming unfair
83. draw (v) /drɔː/ to attract or interest somebody
84. innate (adj) /ɪˈneɪt/ inborn
85. mainstream (adj) /ˈmeɪnstriːm/ considered normal because it reflects what is done or accepted by most
people
86. sweeping (adj) /ˈswiːpɪŋ/ having an important effect on a large part of something

87. take it from there to continue something that was begun by someone else
88. universal (adj) /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group
89. boundary (n) /ˈbaʊndri/ a dividing line
90. cognitive (adj) /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ connected with mental processes of understanding
91. complementary (adj) /ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri/ two people or things that are complementary are different but together
form a useful or attractive combination of skills, qualities or physical features

92. constraint (n) /kənˈstreɪnt/ a thing that limits something, or limits your freedom to do something

93. empirical (adj) /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories
94. iffy (adj) /ˈɪfi/ not certain
95. in isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ separately; alone
96. presume (v) /prɪˈzjuːm/ to assume
97. apparent (adj) /əˈpærənt/ obvious
98. dimension (n) /dɪˈmenʃn/ an aspect, or way of looking at or thinking about something
99. expectation (n) /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ a belief that something will happen because it is likely
100. invisible (adj) /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/ that cannot be seen
101. perspective (n) /pəˈspektɪv/ viewpoint
102. punctuality (n) /ˌpʌŋktʃuˈæləti/ the fact of happening or doing something at the agreed or correct time and
not being late
103. underlying (adj) /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly
104. derive (v) /dɪˈraɪv/ to get something from something else
105. feminine (adj) /ˈfemənɪn/ relating to women or girls
106. masculine (adj) /ˈmæskjəlɪn/ relating to men or boys
107. sexist (adj) /ˈseksɪst/ unfair or unequal treatment of people based on their being male or female
108. stereotype (n) /ˈsteriətaɪp/ an often untrue and overly general belief about all members of a group
109. tendency (n) /ˈtendənsi/ the chance that something will happen or that a person will behave in certain
way
110. tough (adj) /tʌf/ very strict or determined
111. trait (n) /treɪt/ characteristic or quality of a person
112. ambiguity (n) /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/ the state of being difficult to understand or explain because of involving
many different aspects
113. aversion (n) /əˈvɜːʃn/ a strong feeling of not liking somebody/something
114. bureaucracy (n) /bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi/ the system of official rules and ways of doing things that a government or
an organization has, especially when these seem to be too complicated
115. innovative (adj) ˈɪnəvətɪv/ introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing something, etc.
116. stability (n) /stəˈbɪləti/ the quality or state of being steady and not changing or being upset in any
way
117. uncertainty (n) /ʌnˈsɜːtnti/ the state of being uncertain
118. spectrum (n) /ˈspektrəm/ a complete range of something, going from one extreme to the opposite
119. optimism (n) /ˈɒptɪmɪzəm/ a belief that good things will happen
120. destiny (n) /ˈdestəni/ the things that will happen to someone in the future, especially those that
cannot be changed or controlled
121. pessimistic (adj) /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that a situation will
have a bad result
122. pursue (v) /pəˈsjuː/ go or chase after something that someone wants
123. strict (adj) /strɪkt/ used to describe a rule that must be followed
124. block (v) /blɒk/ to stop something from moving or flowing
125. concentration (n) ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/ the amount of a substance in a liquid or in another substance
126. fluctuate (v) /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ 1. to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc., especially from one
extreme to another
2. rise and fall irregularly in number or amount
127. massive (adj) /ˈmæsɪv/ very large, heavy and solid
128. model (n) /ˈmɒdl/ a copy of something, usually smaller than the original object
129. output (n) /ˈaʊtpʊt/ the amount of something that a person, a machine, etc. produces
130. tissue (n) /ˈtɪʃuː/ a collection of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals and
plants
131. accelerate (v) /əkˈseləreɪt/ (to make something) to happen faster or earlier
132. displacement (n) /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ the act of forcing somebody/something away from their home or position
133. expand (v) /ɪkˈspænd/ to become greater in size, number or importance
134. relocate (v) /ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/ to move or to move somebody/something to a new place to work or
operate
135. thaw (v) /θɔː/ melt
136. thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/ connected with heat
137. volume (n) /ˈvɒljuːm/ the amount of something
138. biodiversity (n) /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants
which make a balanced environment
139. consequential (adj) /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwenʃl/ happening as a result or an effect of something
140. decline (n) /dɪˈklaɪn/ a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of something
141. extinction (n) /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing
142. intense (adj) /ɪnˈtens/ very great; very strong
143. mammal (n) /ˈmæml/ any animal that gives birth to live young, not eggs, and feeds its young on
milk. cows, humans and whales are all mammals
144. relevant (adj) /ˈreləvənt/ 1. directly related to a subject or to something happening or being discussed
2. correct or suitable for a particular purpose
145. uninhabitable (adj) /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbl/ not fit to live in; impossible to live in
146. adverse (adj) /ədˈvɜːs/ negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result
147. capacity (n) /kəˈpæsəti/ 1. the ability of a person or organization to do something
2. the number of things or people that a container or space can hold
148. evaporation (n) /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃn/ the process of a liquid changing or being changed into a gas
149. exacerbate (v) /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/ to make something worse, especially a disease or problem
150. saturate (v) /ˈsætʃəreɪt/ to fill something/somebody completely with something so that it is impossible
or useless to add any more
151. trigger (v) /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ to make something happen suddenly; to cause something to start
152. vulnerable (adj) /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
153. concur (v) /kənˈkɜː(r)/ 1. to agree with someone or have the same opinion as them
2. If two or more events concur, they happen at the same time.
154. durable (adj) /ˈdjʊərəbl/ staying in good condition for a long time, even if used a lot
155. fracture (v) /ˈfræktʃə(r)/ to break or crack; to make something break or crack
156. longevity (n) /lɒnˈdʒevəti/ long life or the long time that something lasts
157. nonrenewable (adj) /ˌnɒn rɪˈnjuːəbl/ cannot be replaced after they have been used
158. legislate (v) /ˈledʒɪsleɪt/ to make a law about something
159. reduction (n) /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ a decrease in the size, price, or amount of something
160. advantageous (adj) /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/ helpful and likely to make you successful
161. novel (adj) /ˈnɒvl/ not like anything known before, and unusual or interesting
162. component (n) /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ one of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system
163. comprehensive (adj) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ including all the necessary facts, details, or problems that need to be dealt
with
164. carry a risk (v) /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/ to do something that may result in loss, failure
165. contamination (n) /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/ the process of making a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting
something such as chemicals or poison in it
166. viable (adj) /ˈvaɪəbl/ capable of working successfully
167. outlet (n) /ˈaʊtlet/ 1. a pipe or hole through which liquid or gas can flow out
2. a shop that sells things for less than the usual price, especially things from
a particular company or things of a particular type
168. filter (n) /ˈfɪltə(r)/ something that you pass water, air through in order to remove unwanted
substances and make it clean or suitable to use
169. promising (adj) /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ showing signs of being successful or good in the future
170. nourish (v) /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ to give a person or other living thing the food and other substances they
need in order to live, grow, and stay healthy
171. noteworthy (adj) /ˈnəʊtwɜːði/ important or interesting enough to deserve your attention
172. aesthetic (adj) /iːsˈθetɪk/ connected with beauty and the study of beauty
173. composed of /kəmˈpəʊzd/ assembled or made out of something
174. denture (n) /ˈdentʃə(r)/ a set of artificial teeth worn by someone who does not have their own teeth
any longer
175. deterioration (n) /dɪˌtɪəriəˈreɪʃn/ the process of becoming progressively worse
176. filling (n) /ˈfɪlɪŋ/ a quantity of material that fills or is used to fill something
177. orthopedic (adj) /ˌɔːθəˈpiːdɪk/ relating to the medical treatment of problems that affect people’s bones or
muscles
178. position (n) /pəˈzɪʃn/ 1. an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject
2. the situation that someone is in, especially when this affects what they can
and cannot do
179. versatility (n) /ˌvɜːsəˈtɪləti/ ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities
180. hierarchical (adj) /ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkl/ arranged according to people’s or thing’s level of importance
181. nutritious (adj) /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ containing many of the substances needed for life and growth
182. lavish (adj) /ˈlævɪʃ/ spending, giving, or using more than is necessary or reasonable; more than
enough
183. roasted (adj) /ˌdraɪ ˈrəʊstɪd/ cooked in an oven or over a fire
184. mobility (n) /məʊˈbɪləti/ the ability to move easily from one job, area, or social class to another
185. staple (n) /ˈsteɪpl/ a basic food, or a main product or material
186. noble (adj) /ˈnəʊbl/ belonging to a high social rank in a society, especially by birth
187. virtually (adv) /ˈvɜːtʃuəli/ almost or very nearly
188. appeal (n) /əˈpiːl/ a quality that makes people like sth/sb
189. cuisine (n) /kwɪˈziːn/ a style of cooking
190. ornate (adj) /ɔːˈneɪt/ having a lot of complicated decoration
191. go to great lengths to try very hard to achieve sth
192. mythical (adj) /ˈmɪθɪkl/ imaginary or not real
193. sustenance (n) /ˈsʌstənəns/ the ability of food to provide people or animals with what they need to
make them strong and healthy
194. conquest (n) /ˈkɒŋkwest/ the act of getting control of a country by fighting
195. mystical (adj) /ˈmɪstɪkl/ having spiritual powers or qualities that are difficult to understand or
explain
196. flourish (v) /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ to develop well and become successful
197. pen (v) /pen/ to write something, especially using a pen
198. genre (n) /ˈʒɒnrə/ a particular type or style of literature, art, film, or music that you can
recognize because of its special features
199. prominent (adj) /ˈprɒmɪnənt/ important or well known
200. lyricism (n) /ˈlɪrɪsɪzəm/ the expression of strong emotion in poetry, art, music, etc.
201. reverence (n)c /ˈrevərəns/ a feeling of admiring and respecting sb/sth very much
202. clergy (n) /ˈklɜːdʒi/ the priests or ministers of a religion, especially of the Christian church
203. immoral (adj) /ɪˈmɒrəl/ not considered to be good or honest by most people
204. critique (n) /krɪˈtiːk/ a detailed explanation of the problems of something such as a set of
political ideas
205. layperson (n) /ˈleɪpɜːsn/ a person who is a member of a church but is not a priest or member of the
clergy
206. depiction (n) /dɪˈpɪkʃn/ the way that something is represented or shown
207. monastery (n) /ˈmɒnəstri/ a building in which monks live and worship
208. extravagant (adj) /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/ spending a lot more money or using a lot more of something than you can
afford or than is necessary
209. severely (adv) /sɪˈvɪəli/ very badly or seriously
210. authenticity (n) /ˌɔːθenˈtɪsəti/ the quality of being real or true
211. doctrine (n) /ˈdɒktrɪn/ a belief or set of beliefs, especially political or religious ones, that are
taught and accepted by a particular group
212. bizarre (adj) /bɪˈzɑː(r)/ very strange and unusual
213. ordeal (n) /ɔːˈdiːl/ a very unpleasant and painful or difficult experience
214. devotion (n) /dɪˈvəʊʃn/ loyalty and love or care for someone or something
215. quest (n) /kwest/ a long search for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve
something difficult
216. dictate (v) /dɪkˈteɪt/ to speak something aloud for a person or machine to record, so that what is
said can be written down
217. endure (v) /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ to continue to exist for a long time
218. humble (adj) /ˈhʌmbl/ ordinary; not special or very important
219. evolve (v) /ɪˈvɒlv/ to develop gradually, or to make someone or something change and
develop gradually
220. invader (n) /ɪnˈveɪdə(r)/ an army or country that uses force to enter and take control of another
country
221. floor plan (n) /ˈflɔː plæn/ a drawing that shows the shape, size, and arrangement of rooms in a
building as viewed from above
222. stunning (adj) /ˈstʌnɪŋ/ extremely beautiful or attractive
223. fortify (v) /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/ to make something stronger, especially in order to protect it
224. wonder (n) /ˈwʌndə(r)/ an object that causes a feeling of great surprise and admiration
225. exclusively (adv) /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ only
226. extensively (adv) /ɪkˈstensɪvli/ in a way that covers a large area or has a great range
227. iconic (adj) /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular
opinions or a particular time
228. mastery (n) /ˈmɑːstəri/ great skill in a particular job or activity
229. phenomenal (adj) /fəˈnɒmɪnl/ extremely successful or special, especially in a surprising way
230. portray (v) /pɔːˈtreɪ/ to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book, or
other artistic work
231. undoubtedly (adv) /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ used to emphasize that something is true
232. coincidence (n) /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ an occasion when two or more similar things happen at the same time,
especially in a way that is unlikely and surprising
234. gesture (n) /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ an action that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have
little practical effect
235. dispute (v) /dɪˈspjuːt/ to disagree with or express doubts about something
236. engage (v) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ to become involved, or have contact, with someone or something
237. indicate (v) /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ to show, point, or make clear in another way

238. foreground (n) /ˈfɔːɡraʊnd/ the people, objects, countryside, etc. in a picture or photograph that seem
nearest to you and form its main part
239. textile (n) /ˈtekstaɪl/ a cloth made by hand or machine
240. artery (n) /ˈɑːtəri/ one of the tubes in your body that carries blood from your heart to the rest
of your body
241. refined (adj) /rɪˈfaɪnd/ a natural substance that is refined is now pure because other things have
been removed from it
242. fleece (n) /fliːs/ a type of soft artificial cloth used for making clothes, that looks and feels
like a sheep’s fleece
243. vessel (n) /ˈvesl/ a tube that carries liquids such as blood through the body
244. generation (n) /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ a group of products that were made at about the same time, intended as an
improvement on those that came before them
245. woven (adj) /ˈwəʊvn/ made by crossing threads over and under each other
246. in the works being planned, or being dealt with
247. ambitious (adj) /æmˈbɪʃəs/ if a plan or idea is ambitious, it needs a lot of skill and effort to be
successful or be achieved
248. platform (n) /ˈplætfɔːm/ a flat raised area or structure
249. rejuvenate (v) /rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt/ to make someone look or feel young and energetic again
250. stimulus (n) /ˈstɪmjələs/ something that causes growth or activity
251. spontaneously (adv) /spɒnˈteɪniəsli/ in a way that is natural, often sudden, and not planned or forced
252. transplant (v) /trænsˈplɑːnt/ to move tissue or an organ from one person’s body to another’s
253. scab (n) /skæb/ a rough surface made of dried blood that forms over a cut or broken skin
while it is healing
254. malfunctioning (adj) /ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn/ fail to work properly
255. composite (n) a material made up of more than one substance that is used for building
/ˈkɒmpəzɪt/ things

256. customize (v) /ˈkʌstəmaɪz/ to change the way something looks or works so that it is exactly what you
want or need
257. fracture (n) /ˈfræktʃə(r)/ if something hard, such as a bone, fractures, or is fractured, it breaks or
cracks
258. heal (v) /hiːl/ to make or become well again, especially after a cut or other injury
259. marketable (adj) /ˈmɑːkɪtəbl/ easily sold
260. alter (v) / change /ˈɔːltə(r)/ to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of
something to change
261. innovate (v) /ˈɪnəveɪt/ to introduce changes and new ideas
262. chronic (adj) /ˈkrɒnɪk/ (Especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time
263. robust (adj) /rəʊˈbʌst/ strong and unlikely to break or fail
264. combat (v) /ˈkɒmbæt/ to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing

265. to date until now