Light

Light
1
Light
• Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation within the portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is
usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometers.
• Speed of Light 3×10^8 ms-¹
Primary Colour RGB
Dual Nature of Light

• 1.Sometimes it behaves like a particle (called a photon), which explains how light
travels in straight lines.
2. Sometimes it behaves like a wave, which explains how light bends (or diffracts)
around an object.
3. Scientists accept the evidence that supports this dual nature of light.
Properties of Light
Reflection
Refraction
Total Internal Reflection
Dispersion of light
Interference
Diffraction
Scattering
Reflection of Light
• Reflection is when light bounces off an
object. ... Light reflects from a smooth
surface at the same angle as it hits the
surface.
• There are two laws of reflection of light.
The incidents rays, the reflected rays, the normal and the point of incidence are always lies
on the same plane.
The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
The incident rays makes ∠i and the reflected rays makes ∠r. So that ∠i = ∠r.
Example of Reflection:
Reflection of light in mirror.
Object seen due to reflection of light.
Glowing of stars.
Lighting of moon at night.
Refraction of Light
• In physics, refraction is the change in direction
of a wave passing from one medium to another
or from a gradual change in the medium.
Explain with Example
• Twinkling of stars in a clear sky.

• Pool of water appears to be less deep
than what it actually is.
• Camera lenses.
Total Internal Reflection

• Total internal reflection, in physics, complete reflection of a ray of light within a
medium such as water or glass from the surrounding surfaces back into the
medium. The phenomenon occurs if the angle of incidence is greater than a certain
limiting angle, called the critical angle.
What are the conditions of Total Internal Reflection?
• Following are the two conditions of total internal reflection:
The light ray moves from a more dense medium to a less dense medium.
The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.
Example:
the formation of a mirage

shining of empty test-tube in water
shining of crack in a glass-vessel
sparkling of a diamond
transmission of light rays in an optical fibre
Dispersion of Light
• 'Dispersion of Light' can be defined as the
splitting of white light when it passes through a
glass prism into its constituent spectrum of
colors (i.e. violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow,
orange and red).
Interference of Light
• When two light waves from different coherent sources meet
together, then the distribution of energy due to one wave is
disturbed by the other. This modification in the distribution
of light energy due to super- position of two light waves is called
"Interference of light".
Diffraction of Light
 Diffraction is caused by one wave of light being shifted by a

diffracting object. This shift will cause the wave to have interference
with itself.
 Diffraction of light is defined as the bending of light around corners
such that it spreads out and illuminates areas where a shadow is
expected.
Frequency And Wavelength
Scattering of Light
• Scattering of Light. Scattering of light means to
throw light in various random directions. Light is
scattered when it falls on various types of suspended
particles in is path.
Spectrum of Visible Light
• Red colour of sun at sunrise and sunset.

• White colour of sky at noon.
• Blue colour of sky.
• Red colour used as danger signal.
Quiz
Q1.Which of the following lens is used to minimize Myopia?
(a) Convex lens
(b) Concave lens
(c) Cylindrical lens
(d) None of these
Q2. Which one of the following colours is seen in the middle of a Rainbow?
(a) Blue
(b) Green
(c) Red
(d) Yellow
Q3. When beams of red, blue and green lights fall on the same spot, the colour of the light
becomes:
(a) Violet
(b) Red
(c) Yellow
(d) White
Q4.A dentist’s mirror is a:

(a) cylindrical mirror
(b) plane mirror
(c) convex mirror
(d) concave mirror
Q5. Sea seems blue due to-

(a) Excess deepness
(b) Reflection of sky and scattering of light by the drops of water
(c) Blue colour of water
(d) Upper layer of water
Q6.The light with the shortest wavelength is

(a) Red
(b) Yellow
(c) Blue
(d) Violet
• Q7.The image formed on Retina is :

(a) Equal to object but inverted
(b) Smaller than object but straight
(c) Smaller than object and Inverted
(d) Equal to object but straight
Q8.On which theory nature of light depends upon:

A. Wave theory
B. Particle theory
C. Both A and B
D. Only A
Question Answer
1 b
2 b
3 d
4 d
5 b
6 d
7 C
8 C

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Dual Nature of Light

Explain with Example

• Twinkling of stars in a clear sky.

Total Internal Reflection

• Following are the two conditions of total internal reflection:

the formation of a mirage

 Diffraction is caused by one wave of light being shifted by a

Frequency And Wavelength

Spectrum of Visible Light

• Red colour of sun at sunrise and sunset.

Q4.A dentist’s mirror is a:

Q5. Sea seems blue due to-

Q6.The light with the shortest wavelength is

• Q7.The image formed on Retina is :

Q8.On which theory nature of light depends upon:

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