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    Complex Numbers Formula

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    silvergod.ag
    The document discusses properties and theorems related to complex numbers. It covers topics like equality of complex numbers, properties of arguments and conjugates, DeMoivre's theorem, cube roots of unity, and geometric properties involving distances and divisions of complex numbers.

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    Complex Numbers Formula

    Uploaded by

    silvergod.ag
    8 views2 pages
    The document discusses properties and theorems related to complex numbers. It covers topics like equality of complex numbers, properties of arguments and conjugates, DeMoivre's theorem, cube roots of unity, and geometric properties involving distances and divisions of complex numbers.

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    The document discusses properties and theorems related to complex numbers. It covers topics like equality of complex numbers, properties of arguments and conjugates, DeMoivre's theorem, cube roots of unity, and geometric properties involving distances and divisions of complex numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Complex Numbers Formula

    Uploaded by

    silvergod.ag
    The document discusses properties and theorems related to complex numbers. It covers topics like equality of complex numbers, properties of arguments and conjugates, DeMoivre's theorem, cube roots of unity, and geometric properties involving distances and divisions of complex numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    COMPLEX NUMBER

    1. The complex number system


    z = a + ib, then a – ib is called congugate of z and is denoted by z .

    2. Equality In Complex Number:


    z1 = z2  Re(z1) = Re(z2) and  m (z1) = m (z2).

    3. Properties of arguments
    (i) arg(z1z2) = arg(z1) + arg(z2) + 2m for some integer m.
    (ii) arg(z1/z2) = arg (z1) – arg(z2) + 2m for some integer m.
    (iii) arg (z2) = 2arg(z) + 2m for some integer m.
    (iv) arg(z) = 0  z is a positive real number
    (v) arg(z) = ± /2  z is purely imaginary and z  0
    4. Properties of conjugate

    (i) |z| = | z | (ii) z z = |z|2 (iii) z1  z 2 = z1 + z2

    (iv) z1  z 2 = z1 – z2 (v) z1z 2 = z1 z2

     z1  z
    (vi)   = 1 (z2  0)
     z2  z2

    (vii) |z1 + z2|2 = (z1 + z2) ( z1  z 2 ) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z2 + z1 z2

    (viii) ( z1 ) = z (ix) If w = f(z), then w = f( z )

    (x) arg(z) + arg( z )


    5. Rotation theorem
    If P(z1), Q(z2) and R(z3) are three complex numbers and PQR = , then

     z3  z2  z 3  z 2 i
      = e
     z 1  z 2  z1  z 2

    6. Demoivre’s Theorem :
    If n is any integer then
    (i) (cos  + i sin  )n = cos n + i sin n
    (ii) (cos  1 + i sin  1) (cos  2 + i sin  2 ) (cos 3 + i sin  2 )
    (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n + i sin n) = cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) +
    i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n)
    7. Cube Root Of Unity :

    (i) The cube roots of unity are 1,


    1  i 3 , 1  i 3 .
    2 2
    (ii) If  is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 +  + ² = 0.
    In general 1 + r + 2r = 0; where r  I but is not the multiple of 3.

    8. Geometrical Properties:
    Distance formula : |z1 – z2|.

    mz 2  nz 1 mz 2  nz1
    Section formula : z = (internal division), z = (external
    mn m n
    division)
    (1) amp(z) =  is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle
     to the x axis.

    (2) z  a = z  b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a


    to b.

    z  z1
    (3) If = k  1, 0, then locus of z is circle.
    z  z2

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