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    Hamilton-Cayley Theorem

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    hazelbeux
    The Hamilton-Cayley Theorem states that every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation. This implies that when a square matrix is transformed into a polynomial, that polynomial will equal zero. The theorem was proven by Arthur Cayley and Rowan Hamilton in 1858. Students will learn to compute the characteristic polynomial of a matrix and verify the theorem holds for specific matrices.

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    Hamilton-Cayley Theorem

    Uploaded by

    hazelbeux
    21 views4 pages
    The Hamilton-Cayley Theorem states that every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation. This implies that when a square matrix is transformed into a polynomial, that polynomial will equal zero. The theorem was proven by Arthur Cayley and Rowan Hamilton in 1858. Students will learn to compute the characteristic polynomial of a matrix and verify the theorem holds for specific matrices.

    Original Description:

    a theorem which states that " Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation."

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    The Hamilton-Cayley Theorem states that every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation. This implies that when a square matrix is transformed into a polynomial, that polynomial will equal zero. The theorem was proven by Arthur Cayley and Rowan Hamilton in 1858. Students will learn to compute the characteristic polynomial of a matrix and verify the theorem holds for specific matrices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views4 pages

    Hamilton-Cayley Theorem

    Uploaded by

    hazelbeux
    The Hamilton-Cayley Theorem states that every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation. This implies that when a square matrix is transformed into a polynomial, that polynomial will equal zero. The theorem was proven by Arthur Cayley and Rowan Hamilton in 1858. Students will learn to compute the characteristic polynomial of a matrix and verify the theorem holds for specific matrices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Hamilton-Cayley Theorem

    Lesson Summary:

    Hamilton-Cayley Theorem or Cayley Hamilton Theorem is a theorem which states that,


    “Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation.” This implies that when a square
    matrix is transformed into a polynomial then this polynomial will be equal to zero. This theorem
    was given in the year 1858 by Arthur Cayley and Rowan Hamilton.

    The Cayley–Hamilton theorem states that substituting the matrix A in the polynomial
    results in the zero matrices, such as:

    P(A) = 0

    Example no. 1

    A= [ 131 151 ]
    Step 1. Calculate the characteristic polynomial.

    P(λ) = (A-λI)

    = det [ 3−λ1 15
    1−λ ]
    = (3 – λ) (1 – λ) – (15)(1)

    = (3 – 3λ – λ + λ²) – 15

    = λ² - 4λ + 12

    Step 2. Substitute the matrix into the polynomial.

    P(λ) = λ² - 4λ + 12

    P(A) = (A)² - 4(A) + 12I = 0


    [ ] [ ][ ]
    2
    13 15 13 15 12 0
    = −4 +
    1 1 1 1 0 12

    = [ 244 6016]−[ 124 604 ]+[ 120 120 ]


    = [ 24−12+
    4−4+0
    12 60−60+0
    16−4−12 ]
    = [ 00 00]

    Example no. 2

    A= [ 31 20 ]
    P(λ) = (A – λI) = det [ 3−λ1 −λ2 ]
    = (3-λ) (-λ) – (2)(1)

    = λ² - 3λ - 2

    P(λ) = λ² - 3λ – 2 = 0

    P(A) = (A)² - 3(A) – 2 = 0

    [ ] [ ][ ]
    2
    3 2 3 2 2 0
    = −3 −
    1 0 1 0 0 2

    = [ 113 62]−[ 93 60]−[ 20 02]


    = [ 11−9−2
    3−3−0
    6−6−0
    2−0−2 ]
    = [ 00 00]
    Learning Outcomes:

     Students will be able to state the Cayley-Hamilton theorem: Every square matrix ( A )
    satisfies its own characteristic equation.
     Students will be able to compute the characteristic polynomial of a given square matrix.
     Students will be able to verify the Cayley-Hamilton theorem for specific matrices by
    showing that the matrix satisfies its characteristic polynomial.

    Learning Task\Activities:

    DIRECTION: Solve for the characteristic polynomial of the given matrices and show that the
    matrix satisfies its characteristic polynomial.

    1. A= [ 14 32]
    A=[
    2 5 ]
    2 −1
    2.

    [ ]
    2 −1 2
    3. A = −1 2 −1
    1 −1 2
    Prepared by:

    Aruta Angely C.

    Arizo, Quennie Rose N.

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