Chem Unit 3

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Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number
International
Advanced Level
Chemistry
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
Unit 3: Practical Skills in Chemistry I
Sample Assessment Materials for first teaching September 2018 Paper Reference
Time: 1 hour 20 minutes WCH13/01

You must have: Total Marks
Scientific calculator, ruler
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where
appropriate.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• There is a Periodic Table on the back page of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*S58311A0116*
S58311A
©2018 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Chemistry 89

Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – September 2017 © Pearson Education Limited 2017
Answer ALL questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

1 The enthalpy change for the reaction between zinc and copper(II) sulfate solution can
be determined using the procedure shown.
The equation for the reaction is:
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Procedure
Step 1 Weigh about 5 g of zinc powder. This is an excess.
Step 2 Measure 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulfate solution into a polystyrene cup.
Step 3 Start a stop clock. Stir the solution continuously with a thermometer and
measure the temperature of the solution each minute for 3 minutes.
Step 4 At exactly 3.5 minutes, add the zinc powder to the copper(II) sulfate solution.

Step 5 Continue to stir the mixture and read the temperature each minute from 4 to
10 minutes.
(a) (i) Name the most suitable piece of apparatus for measuring 50 cm3 of
copper(II) sulfate solution.
(1)
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*S58311A0216*
90 Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Chemistry
(ii) The diagram shows part of the thermometer at 4 minutes. Record the
temperature in the table of results and plot the point on the graph.
(1)
60
50
40
Results
Time / minutes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature / °C 19.0 20.5 20.0 20.0 62.5 58.5 55.0 52.0 48.5 45.0
80
70
60
50
Temperature 40
/ °C
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time / minutes
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(b) The maximum temperature change for the reaction, ΔT, is estimated by drawing
two lines of best fit on the graph and extrapolating them.

(i) Give the reason why the point you plotted in (a)(ii) should not be included in
the lines of best fit.
(1)
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(ii) Estimate the maximum temperature change, ΔT.

Show your working on the graph.
(3)
ΔT = ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C
(iii) Give a reason why the temperature of the solution is measured for 3 minutes
before adding the zinc.
(1)

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(iv) Give the main reason why the temperature of the solution is measured over a
period of time after adding the zinc.
(1)
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(c) (i) Use the value you have obtained for the temperature rise (ΔT ) in (b)(ii)
to calculate the heat energy produced in the reaction between zinc and
copper(II) sulfate solution. Include units with your answer.
(Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution to be 4.2 J g–1 °C–1 and the
density of the solution to be 1.0 g cm–3.)
(1)
(ii) The solution contained 0.050 mol of copper(II) sulfate.

Calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction between zinc and
copper(II) sulfate solution.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures and include
a sign and units.
(3)
(d) Suggest one improvement to the procedure, other than changing the measuring
equipment or repeating the experiment, which would give a more accurate result.
(1)
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(Total for Question 1 = 13 marks)
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2 A student was given five boiling tubes, each containing one aqueous solution:
dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)

potassium carbonate, K2CO3(aq)
sodium iodide, NaI(aq)
dilute nitric acid, HNO3(aq)
sodium chloride, NaCl(aq).
The solutions were labelled A, B, C, D and E, but not necessarily in this order.
The student carried out three tests on each solution.
Test 1
● The student put about 2 cm3 of each solution into separate test tubes.
● The student added one spatula measure of solid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, to
each test tube.
● Observations were recorded in Table 1, in the column labelled Test 1.
Test 2

● The student put about 1 cm3 of each solution into separate test tubes.
● The student added an equal volume of aqueous silver nitrate solution, AgNO3, to
each test tube.
Test 3
● To the final mixture in each test tube from Test 2, the student added about 1 cm3
of dilute nitric acid, HNO3.
Solution Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
A effervescence no reaction unchanged
B no reaction yellow precipitate unchanged

C no reaction white precipitate unchanged
D effervescence white precipitate unchanged
E no reaction white precipitate effervescence
Table 1
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*S58311A0616*
(a) (i) Identify each of the solutions from the observations recorded in Table 1.
Write the letter that corresponds to each solution in Table 2.
(3)
Solution Letter
dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)
potassium carbonate, K2CO3(aq)
sodium iodide, NaI(aq)
dilute nitric acid, HNO3(aq)
sodium chloride, NaCl(aq)
Table 2
(ii) State how you use the observations to distinguish between potassium carbonate
and sodium chloride solutions.
(1)
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(b) The student suggested that a flame test could also be used to help to distinguish
between potassium carbonate solution and sodium chloride solution. State how
the flame colours would differ.
(1)
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(c) A further chemical test was carried out on the precipitates from Test 3 to confirm
the identity of the original solution.
Give this test, and its result, which would distinguish between sodium iodide
solution and sodium chloride solution.
(2)
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*S58311A0716*
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3 This question is about the reaction sequence involving compound F, which has the
molecular formula C3H8O.

Colourless liquid F Reaction 1 Colourless Liquid G
C3H8O PCl5 C3H7Cl
K2Cr2O7(aq) and
Reaction 3 Reaction 2
H2SO4(aq)
Colourless liquid, J Gas H

C3H6O C3H6
(a) In reaction 1, misty fumes were observed.

(i) Identify, by name or formula, the misty fumes.

(1)
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(ii) State what can be deduced about compound F from this observation.
(1)
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*S58311A0816*
(b) The infrared spectrum of liquid F is shown.
80
Transmittance (%)
40
3000 2000 1000

Wavenumber / cm−1
Give the wavenumber range of the absorption which confirms your deduction in (a)(ii).
(1)
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(c) Gas H, C3H6, was formed in Reaction 2. The functional group present in H was
identified by shaking a sample of H in a test tube with a few drops of bromine
dissolved in a non-polar organic solvent.
(i) Give the colour change observed for this reaction.
(1)
From ...................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To ...................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of C3H6 with bromine.

(1)
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*S58311A0916*
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(d) Reaction 3 was carried out by slowly adding a solution of acidified
potassium dichromate(VI) to liquid F in a cooled flask. The flask was set up for
distillation and gently heated. The product, J, was distilled directly out of the

reaction mixture.
(i) Draw a diagram of the apparatus suitable for the distillation of J from the
reaction mixture.
(3)

(ii) Draw the structures of two possible isomers of J, C3H6O, in the boxes.
(2)
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*S58311A01016*
(e) The identity of J can be confirmed by spectroscopy and by chemical tests.
(i) The infrared spectrum of J has absorbances at 2716 and 2893 cm–1.
Identify the bond responsible for these absorbances, and hence the
functional group in J.
(1)
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(ii) Give a chemical test and its expected result to confirm the identity of J.
(2)
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(f ) Name compound F.
(1)
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*S58311A01116*
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4 A class of students carried out experiments to determine the value of x in the formula
of hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O.

Hydrated sodium carbonate was heated until no more water of crystallisation
remained. Anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, was formed.
Na2CO3.xH2O → Na2CO3 + xH2O
The students were given the following instructions:
● weigh a sample of the hydrated sodium carbonate in a pre-weighed crucible
● heat the crucible containing the sample to remove the water of crystallisation
● allow the crucible to cool and then reweigh the crucible.
A student’s results are shown in Table 3.
(a) Complete Table 3.
(2)
Measurement Value / g
Mass of crucible empty 19.36

Mass of crucible + hydrated sodium carbonate 26.06
Mass of crucible + anhydrous sodium carbonate 21.98
Mass of hydrated sodium carbonate
Mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate
Mass of water removed
Table 3
(b) (i) Calculate the number of moles of water removed on heating the hydrated
sodium carbonate.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3,

formed after heating.
(2)
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*S58311A01216*
(iii) Use your answers from (b)(i) and (b)(ii) to calculate the value of x. Give your
answer to three significant figures.
(2)
(c) Each use of the balance to find a mass reading in the table has a maximum
uncertainty of ±0.005 g.
Calculate the percentage error in the measurement of the mass of the crucible
and hydrated sodium carbonate (26.06 g) before heating.
(1)
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*S58311A01316*
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(d) The Data Book value for x is 10.
One student obtained a value for x of 8.63 and another student obtained a value

for x of 10.79.
Explain the practical errors that could have led to each of these values.
(4)
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14
*S58311A01416*
(e) Devise an experiment involving a titration that could be used to determine the
value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O.
List the essential steps in the practical procedure.

You are not expected to explain how the data is used to calculate x.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS

15
*S58311A01516*
16
*S58311A01616*
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

International
Advanced Level
Friday 17 January 2020

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 20 minutes) Paper Reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
Candidates must have: Scientific calculator Total Marks

Ruler
Instructions
• centre
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
Information
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas,
descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar,
punctuation and spelling.
• There is a Periodic Table on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Checkallyouryouranswers
Show working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*P60471A0116*
P60471A
1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions.

1 Tests were carried out on some pairs of compounds.
(a) (i) Bromine water was added to separate solutions of sodium chloride and
sodium iodide.
State one different observation for each reaction.
(2)
sodium chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sodium iodide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Name a test, with the expected observation, to confirm the presence of the

sodium ion in these compounds.
(2)
Test Observation
(b) (i) Barium chloride solution and hydrochloric acid were added to separate
aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate.
State what would be seen for each compound which would allow you to
distinguish between them.
(2)
ammonium sulfate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ammonium nitrate .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2
*P60471A0216*
(ii) Give a test, with the expected result, to confirm the presence of the
ammonium ion (NH4+) in the ammonium compounds.
(2)
Test Result
(c) (i) Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution was added to two test tubes each
containing a different alcohol. The test tubes were placed in a warm water bath.
The alcohols were propan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
State what would be seen for each alcohol which would allow you to
(2)
propan-1-ol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-methylpropan-2-ol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................... ........................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give a chemical test, with the expected observation, to confirm the presence
of the hydroxy group.
(2)
Test Observation
(d) Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution was added to separate test tubes
containing samples of hexane and hexene. The test tubes were shaken gently.
State what would be seen for each compound which would allow you to
(2)
hexane............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hexene............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
*P60471A0316* Turn over
2 A class of students carried out experiments to determine the enthalpy change for the
reaction of magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid.

The following method was used.
Step 1 A 1.00 m length of magnesium ribbon was cleaned using sandpaper,
weighed and cut into 10 cm lengths.
50 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid (an excess) was placed into
Step 2
a polystyrene cup and the temperature measured.
Step 3 A 10 cm length of magnesium ribbon was added to the hydrochloric acid.
The solution was stirred gently and the maximum temperature recorded.
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Results
Measurement Value
Mass of 1.00 m of magnesium ribbon / g 0.86

Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid before
21.4
addition of magnesium ribbon / °C
Final temperature of solution / °C 29.2
(a) (i) Calculate the number of moles of magnesium in the 10 cm length of ribbon
used in this experiment. [Ar value: Mg = 24.3]
(2)
4
*P60471A0416*
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction including a sign and units.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
Data:
Specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2 J g–1 °C –1
The density of the reaction mixture = 1.0 g cm–3
(4)
(b) (i) The maximum uncertainty each time the thermometer was read was ± 0.1 °C.
Calculate the percentage uncertainty in measuring the temperature change in
this experiment.
(1)
(ii) Suggest one way of reducing the percentage uncertainty in measuring the
temperature change without changing the apparatus or just repeating the
experiment. Justify your answer.
(2)
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5
(c) One student carried out the same experiment but used a glass beaker instead of a
polystyrene cup.

State how this would affect the value of the enthalpy change obtained.
Justify your answer.
(2)
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(d) Explain why the magnesium ribbon was cleaned with sandpaper before being weighed.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P60471A0616*
Turn over
7
*P60471A0716*
BLANK PAGE
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
3 An experiment was carried out to determine the purity of solid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.
The following procedure was used.

4.89 g of impure sodium carbonate was weighed and dissolved in distilled water.
The solution and washings were transferred to a 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask, and the
liquid level made up to the mark with distilled water and the flask shaken.
A pipette was used to transfer 25.0 cm3 portions of the solution to conical flasks.
Each portion of the solution was then titrated with hydrochloric acid of concentration
0.200 mol dm–3.
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(a) The indicator used was methyl orange. State the colour change at the end-point.
(2)
From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ to .............................................................................
(b)

Results
Number of
1 2 3 4
titration
Burette reading
27.55 26.25 28.30 26.15
(final) / cm3
Burette reading
0.00 0.05 1.05 0.05
(start) / cm3
Volume of
HCl(aq) / cm3
(i) Complete the table and, using appropriate titrations, calculate the mean titre.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P60471A0816*
(ii) Calculate the percentage purity, by mass, of the sodium carbonate.
(5)

9
4 Bromoethane can be prepared by reacting ethanol with a mixture of sodium bromide
and concentrated sulfuric acid.

(a) Step 1 5 cm3 of ethanol and 5 cm3 of water are added to a round-bottomed flask.
The flask is placed in an ice bath and 5 cm3 of concentrated sulfuric acid
is added slowly. During this process the flask is shaken gently.
Explain why the sulfuric acid must be added slowly.
(2)
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(b) Step 2 6.0 g of solid potassium bromide is ground up into a fine powder using

a pestle and mortar. The powder is then added to the round-bottomed
flask containing the ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid. The mixture
is heated.
State why the potassium bromide is ground up to a fine powder. Justify your answer.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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10
*P60471A01016*
(c) Step 3 The crude bromoethane formed in Step 2 is distilled off.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus suitable for this distillation.
Include a thermometer but no clamps or stands.

(3)
11
(ii) State how anti-bumping granules prevent bumping in the distillation flask.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Step 4 The distillate from Step 3 is transferred to a separating funnel where
it separates into an aqueous layer and a layer containing impure
bromoethane.

aqueous layer
bromoethane layer
(i) State two physical properties of bromoethane that can be deduced from this diagram.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(ii) Describe how the aqueous layer could be removed from the separating funnel.
(1)
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12
*P60471A01216*
(e) Step 5 After removing the aqueous layer, sodium hydrogencarbonate solution
is added to the impure bromoethane in a separating funnel and the
two layers separated again.
State why sodium hydrogencarbonate solution is added to the impure bromoethane.

(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(f ) Step 6 The bromoethane is placed into a sample bottle and a drying agent is added.
(i) Identify, by name or formula, a suitable drying agent.
(1)
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(ii) Describe how the appearance of the bromoethane changes after the drying
agent has been added and the mixture allowed to stand.
(1)
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13
*P60471A01316*
*P60471A01416*
BLANK PAGE
14
15
*P60471A01516*
BLANK PAGE
*P60471A01616*
16

International
Advanced Level
Tuesday 5 May 2020

Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 20 minutes) Paper Reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
Candidates must have: Scientific calculator Total Marks

Ruler
Instructions
• centre
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
Information
Advice
• Checkallyouryouranswers
Show working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P62586A
1/1/1/
*P62586A0116*
Answer ALL the questions.

1 A white anhydrous crystalline solid A contains one cation and one anion.
Solid A was heated in a test tube and the following observations were made.
A brown gas was produced.
A glowing splint relit when placed in the mouth of the test tube.
A white solid remained in the test tube.
(a) Identify, by name or formula, the two gases formed.

(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Identify, by name or formula, the anion present in A.
(1)
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(c) A flame test was carried out on A and a green colour was observed.
Identify, by name or formula, the cation present in A.
(1)
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(d) Give the formula of solid A and the formula of the white solid formed on heating.
(2)
Solid A ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2
*P62586A0216*
(e) About 5 cm3 of an aqueous solution of A was placed in each of two test tubes.
Five drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide were added to one of the test tubes and
five drops of dilute sulfuric acid were added to the other.

In the table give the observations you would expect to make.
(2)
Addition of sodium hydroxide solution Addition of dilute sulfuric acid solution

3
2 (a) A student was provided with aqueous solutions of four compounds:
hydrochloric acid

potassium carbonate
silver nitrate
sodium chloride
Four bottles, labelled B, C, D and E, each contained one of the solutions.
The student mixed pairs of the solutions to determine which was in each bottle.
The results are shown.
Solutions
Observations
mixed
A white precipitate formed which did not dissolve on the addition of dilute
B and C
nitric acid
A precipitate formed which dissolved with effervescence on the addition of
B and D
dilute nitric acid
A white precipitate formed which did not dissolve on the addition of dilute

B and E
nitric acid
C and D Effervescence with bubbles of a colourless gas given off
C and E No change
D and E No change
Using the observations in the table, deduce the identity of the compound in each bottle.
(3)
B ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
C ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................

D ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
E ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
4
*P62586A0416*
(b) To identify the cations in sodium chloride and potassium carbonate, a student
carried out flame tests using the following method.
Step 1 A sample of solid sodium chloride was placed on a watch glass and a few drops
of concentrated nitric acid were added. The solid and acid were mixed to form
a paste.
Step 2 A length of copper wire was dipped into the paste.
Step 3 A Bunsen burner was set up with the air-hole closed. The copper wire containing
the paste was placed into the Bunsen burner flame and the colour observed.
Step 4 The procedure was repeated using solid potassium carbonate.
For each of the Steps 1, 2 and 3 give an improvement in the procedure explaining
why the change is necessary.
(6)
Step Improvement Explanation

2
5
3 This question is about three organic liquids, F, G and H.
(a) Tests were carried out on F and G.

Each liquid contained one functional group.
Test 1
A spatula measure of phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl5 , was added to about 1 cm3
of each liquid in separate test tubes.
Any gas evolved was tested with damp blue litmus paper.
F G
Steamy fumes were given off. Steamy fumes were given off.
Damp blue litmus paper turned red Damp blue litmus paper turned red
(i) Identify, by name or formula, the steamy fumes produced in Test 1.

(1)

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Test 2
About 1 cm3 of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution was added to 1 cm3 of
each liquid in separate test tubes.
F G
A colourless gas was given off that
No reaction
turned limewater cloudy
(ii) Identify, by name or formula, the gas produced in Test 2.

(1)
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6
*P62586A0616*
(iii) Using the results from Tests 1 and 2 and the information at the start of the
question, name the functional groups present in F and G.
(2)
Functional group in F Functional group in G
(iv) F and G both have a molar mass of 46 g mol−1.

Draw the displayed formula of F and G.
(2)
F G
(v) State whether or not it is possible to distinguish between F and G using

infrared spectra. Justify your answer.
Wavenumber values are not required.
(1)
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7
(b) The organic liquid H is a pheromone thought to be involved in communication
between rabbits.

H
H3C O
CH3
State the initial and final appearance of each mixture when the tests described
were carried out on liquid H.
(4)
Tests Observations
A few drops of H were shaken with
bromine water.

In a test tube, a few drops of H were added
to 1 cm3 of Benedict’s or Fehling’s solution.
The mixture was warmed in a water bath.
8
*P62586A0816*
4 The enthalpy change of neutralisation of hydrochloric acid may be determined using
the apparatus shown.
thermometer
polystyrene cup
reaction mixture
The equation for the reaction is
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Procedure
Step 1 Place 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid in a polystyrene cup.
Record the temperature of the hydrochloric acid.
Step 2 Record the temperature of 30.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide.
Step 3 Add the sodium hydroxide to the hydrochloric acid in the polystyrene cup.
Stir the mixture and record the maximum temperature reached.
(a) (i) Give a reason why an excess of sodium hydroxide was used.
(1)
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9
(ii) The diagram shows part of the thermometer when the temperature had
reached its maximum.

30
20
Record the temperature in the table of results and then complete the table by

giving the temperature change.
(1)
Results
Temperature
Measurement
/ oC
Temperature of 25 cm3 hydrochloric acid 21.5

Temperature of 30 cm3 sodium hydroxide 21.5
Mean starting temperature 21.5
Maximum temperature of the mixture
Temperature change
10
*P62586A01016*
(b) Calculate the enthalpy change of neutralisation of hydrochloric acid.
Include a sign and units in your answer.
[Assume: the density of both solutions and the mixture = 1.0 g cm−3
the specific heat capacity of the mixture = 4.2 J g−1 ° C−1]
(4)
(c) The experiment was repeated using a glass beaker instead of a polystyrene cup.
Explain how the value obtained for the enthalpy change of neutralisation would
be different.
(2)
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11
5 A student carried out an experiment to identify the metal M in the
hydrated carbonate M2CO3.10H2O.

A solution was made by dissolving 3.56 g of the hydrated metal carbonate in distilled
water and making the volume up to 250.0 cm3 in a volumetric flask.
25.0 cm3 of this solution was placed in a conical flask and titrated with 0.100 mol dm−3
of hydrochloric acid.
M2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2MCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(a) Name a suitable piece of apparatus to measure the 25.0 cm3 of solution.
(1)
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(b) Methyl orange indicator was used in this titration.

Give the colour change in the conical flask at the end-point.
(2)

Colour change from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... to ..............................................................
(c) The results of the titration are shown.
Number of
1 2 3
titration
Burette reading
25.25 26.00 24.85
(final) / cm3
Burette reading
0.00 1.00 0.05
(initial) / cm3
Titre / cm3

(i) Complete the table.
(1)
12
*P62586A01216*
(ii) Using appropriate titrations, calculate the mean titre.
(1)
(iii) Using your answer to (c)(ii), calculate the number of moles of HCl in the
mean titre.
(1)
(iv) Calculate the number of moles of M2CO3 in 25.0 cm3 of the solution.
Hence calculate the number of moles of M2CO3 in the 250.0 cm3
volumetric flask.
(2)
(v) Using your answer in (c)(iv) and the mass of M2CO3.10H2O in the 250 cm3 of
solution, calculate the molar mass of M2CO3.10H2O.
(1)
(vi) Use your answer to (c)(v) to identify metal M.

(2)
13
(d) The titration was repeated without using an indicator.
Describe how you would obtain large, dry crystals of the metal chloride, MCl,

from this titration solution.
Diagrams are not required.
(3)
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14
*P62586A01416*
15
*P62586A01516*
BLANK PAGE
*P62586A01616*
16

International
Advanced Level
Wednesday 20 January 2021

Morning (Time: 1 hour 20 minutes) Paper Reference WCH13/01
Chemistry

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
Information
• You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information,
ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of
grammar, punctuation and spelling.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
*P67747A0116*
P67747A
1/1/1/1
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 (a) A student was provided with five test tubes labelled A, B, C, D and E,
each containing a colourless aqueous solution.
The five solutions were known to be
barium chloride
nitric acid
potassium bromide
silver nitrate
sodium carbonate
The student carried out a series of tests to identify which test tube contained
which solution.
(i) The student tested each solution using universal indicator paper.
Only solution A turned the paper red.
Identify solution A.
(1)
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(ii) The student mixed 1 cm3 of solution A separately with 1 cm3 of each of the
other solutions.
There was no change for three of the mixtures but effervescence was
observed when solution A was added to solution C.
Identify solution C.
(1)
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(iii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between solution A and solution C.
Include state symbols.
(2)
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2
*P67747A0216*
(iv) The student then mixed 1 cm3 samples of the remaining solutions as shown
in Table 1.
Solutions mixed Observation
B and D no change
B and E cream precipitate
D and E white precipitate
Table 1
Identify the three remaining solutions.
(3)
Solution B
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Solution D
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Solution E
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(b) Three of the cations in the compounds in (a) can be identified using flame tests.
Complete Table 2.
(3)
Cation formula Flame colour
Table 2
3
2 Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with carbon dioxide in the air and should be
standardised before use. Ethanedioic acid may be used for this standardisation.
(a) A standard solution of ethanedioic acid, (COOH)2 , is prepared.
• 2.40 g of solid ethanedioic acid is dissolved in approximately 100 cm3 of
deionised water in a beaker.
• The solution is transferred into a 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask and made up to
the mark with deionised water.
(i) Give a possible reason why any solution remaining in the beaker is washed
into the volumetric flask before making up to the mark.
(1)
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(ii) Calculate the concentration of this standard solution of ethanedioic acid

in mol dm–3.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[Molar mass of ethanedioic acid = 90.0 g mol−1 ]
(2)
4
*P67747A0416*
(b) A different standard solution of ethanedioic acid is used to determine the
concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution J.
Procedure
Step 1 A burette is rinsed with deionised water.
Step 2 The burette is then rinsed with 0.0900 mol dm–3 ethanedioic acid and filled
with this acid solution.
Step 3 A pipette is used to transfer 25.0 cm3 portions of solution J to conical flasks.
Step 4 The portions are titrated with the ethanedioic acid solution using
phenolphthalein indicator.
(i) Explain why the burette is rinsed with ethanedioic acid solution in Step 2.
(1)
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(ii) The diagram shows how the student read the filled pipette in Step 3.
Identify the two mistakes the student made.
(2)
25 cm3
± 0.06
B20 °C pipette
mark
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5
(iii) The student completely emptied the pipette for each transfer in Step 3.
Explain the effect on the titre of completely emptying the pipette rather than
leaving a small amount of solution in the tip.
(2)
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(iv) State the colour change in the conical flask at the end-point.
(2)
From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... to .............................................................................................
(c) The titration results are shown.
Titration 1 2 3
Final reading / cm3 25.05 26.60 25.50
Initial reading / cm3 0.00 2.00 1.00
Titre / cm3
Titres used in calculation of mean
(i) Complete the table and calculate the mean titre.

(2)
6
*P67747A0616*
(ii) Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in mol dm–3.
The equation for the titration is
(COOH)2 + 2NaOH → (COONa)2 + 2H2O
(3)
7
3 This question is about the thermal decomposition of Group 2 carbonates.
A student heated a sample of a Group 2 carbonate until no more gas was produced.
The equation for the decomposition is
MCO3(s) → MO(s) + CO2(g)
250 cm3
measuring
test tube cylinder
metal carbonate
water
heat
(a) Give a reason why the delivery tube must be removed from the water bath before
removing the test tube from the heat source.
(1)
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(b) The results of the experiment are shown.
Measurement Value
Volume of carbon dioxide / cm3 95
Mass of test tube + carbonate / g 21.69
Mass of test tube / g 21.36
Mass of carbonate / g 0.33
8
*P67747A0816*
(i) Using the results of the experiment identify the Group 2 metal.
[Molar volume of gas at room temperature and pressure = 24.0 dm3 mol−1 ]
(3)
(ii) The student suggested that the experiment could be made more accurate by
increasing the mass of carbonate from 0.33 g to 1.00 g.
No changes to the size of the apparatus or the method of measurement of the
gas produced would be made.
Comment on this suggestion.
(2)
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9
(c) The enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of a carbonate, ΔrH ,
is difficult to measure directly.
An example of a Hess’s Law cycle to determine it indirectly is
∆rH
MCO3(s) MO(s) + CO2(g)
2HCl(aq) 2HCl(aq)
∆H1 −150 kJ mol−1
MCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
In an experiment to determine ΔH1 , 0.050 mol of MCO3 was placed in a

100 cm3 beaker. 60 cm3 of 2 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid (an excess) was added and
the mixture stirred. The maximum temperature rise measured was 6.0 °C.
[Heat capacity of solution produced = 4.18 J g−1 °C−1
Density of solution = 1.0 g cm−3 ]
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH1 , for the reaction between MCO3 and
hydrochloric acid in kJ mol−1. Include a sign with your answer.
(2)
(ii) Using your answer to (c)(i), calculate the enthalpy change, ΔrH , for the
thermal decomposition of this Group 2 carbonate in kJ mol−1.
Include a sign with your answer.
(1)
10
*P67747A01016*
4 The halogenoalkane 2-chloro-2-methylpropane may be prepared
from 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
Procedure
Step 1 Add 35 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 8.00 g of
2-methylpropan-2-ol in a conical flask.
Swirl the mixture gently for 20 minutes.
Step 2 Two distinct layers form. The upper (organic) layer contains the required
product. The lower aqueous layer is removed using a separating funnel.
Step 3 Add a solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate to the organic layer.
Swirl gently. Stopper the separating funnel and shake it.
Invert the separating funnel and open the tap.
Step 4 Return the separating funnel to its upright position, remove the stopper and
run off the aqueous layer. Transfer the organic layer into a clean conical flask.
Step 5 Add some anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Leave the flask to stand and decant off the liquid.
Step 6 Distil the liquid, collecting the product between 50°C and 52°C.
(a) (i) The concentrated hydrochloric acid used in Step 1 was labelled
Suggest two safety precautions, other than wearing safety spectacles and a
laboratory coat, to minimise the risk when using this reagent in Step 1.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why the product in the organic layer in Step 2 does not mix with the
aqueous layer.
(2)
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11
(iii) State why the tap of the separating funnel must be opened in Step 3.
(1)
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(iv) State why anhydrous sodium sulfate is added to the organic layer in Step 5.
(1)
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(v) Draw the apparatus required to distil the product and collect the distillate
between 50°C and 52°C in Step 6.
(4)
12
*P67747A01216*
(b) The equation for the reaction is
(CH3)3COH(l) + HCl(aq) → (CH3)3CCl(l) + H2O(l)
The final product after distillation weighed 2.62 g.
Calculate the percentage yield.
(3)
13
(c) The choroalkane produced is used in an experiment to compare its rate of
hydrolysis with two other halogenoalkanes.
A student dissolves separate 1.0 cm3 samples of each halogenoalkane in ethanol
and adds 2 cm3 of silver nitrate solution.
The time taken for a precipitate to form is recorded. The results are shown.
Halogenoalkane Time / s
2-chloro-2-methylpropane 5
1-chloro-2-methylpropane 320
1-bromo-2-methylpropane 140
The student concludes that both the structure of the halogenoalkane and the
identity of the halogen affect the rate of hydrolysis.
Explain how the results support this conclusion.
(3)
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14
*P67747A01416*
BLANK PAGE
15
*P67747A01516*
16
*P67747A01616*

International
Advanced Level
Time 1 hour 20 minutes

Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry May 2021
International Advanced Subsidiary / Advanced Level
UNIT 3: Practical Skills in Chemistry I

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
Information
Advice
• Good luck with your examination.
Turn over
*P64625A0116*
P64625A
1/1/1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 The white solids sodium sulfate and potassium carbonate may be distinguished using
a flame test.
(a) (i) Identify a material from which the flame test wire could be made.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe how to carry out a flame test on a solid, giving the expected
flame colour for each of these compounds.
(4)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2
*P64625A0216*
(b) Sodium sulfate and potassium carbonate may also be distinguished using
chemical tests.
Give a chemical test for each compound which would confirm the
identity of the anion. Include the expected results.
(4)
Test 1................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... ................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test 2................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................... ................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2 This question is about the reactions of three compounds with the formula C6H12O.
The compounds are cyclohexanol, Z-hex-3-en-1-ol and 1-methylcyclopentanol.
OH OH
OH
cyclohexanol Z-hex-3-en-1-ol 1-methylcyclopentanol
(a) Give a chemical test to show the presence of the OH group in all three compounds,
including the expected result.
(2)
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(b) (i) Give a chemical test to show the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond
in Z-hex-3-en-1-ol, including the expected result.
(2)
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(ii) The test you have given in (b)(i) is repeated with 1-methylcyclopentanol.
Give the observation for this test with 1-methylcyclopentanol.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P64625A0416*
(c) Separate samples of each of these compounds are warmed with
acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
Complete the table to give the colour changes observed, if any.
(2)
Compound Colour change

OH
OH
OH
5
(d) Spectroscopy provides information about the structure of these three compounds.
Some infrared data is given in the table.
Group Wavenumber range / cm−1

O H stretching in alcohols 3750 – 3200
O H stretching in carboxylic acids 3300 – 2500
C O stretching in aldehydes 1740 – 1720
C O stretching in ketones 1720 – 1700
C O stretching in carboxylic acids 1725 – 1700
2900 – 2820
C H stretching in aldehydes
2775 – 2700
C C stretching in alkenes 1669 – 1645
(i) Identify the wavenumber range and the bond responsible for one peak which
you would expect to see in the infrared spectra of all three compounds.
(1)
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(ii) Identify the wavenumber range and the bond responsible for one peak which
you would expect to see in the infrared spectra of only one of the compounds.
(1)
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(iii) Give a reason why there is a peak at m / z = 100 in the mass spectra of all
three compounds.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P64625A0616*
(iv) Fragmentation of 1-methylcyclopentanol results in a
significant peak at m / z = 85.
Suggest the structures of the two species formed when one bond in
1-methylcyclopentanol breaks resulting in the peak at m / z = 85.
(2)
7
3 A saturated solution of barium hydroxide was formed by adding barium oxide
to water until no more would dissolve. The equation for the reaction is
BaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ba(OH)2(aq)
The resulting mixture was filtered to remove excess solid.

The concentration of the barium hydroxide solution was found by titrating portions
of the saturated solution with hydrochloric acid of known concentration.
10.0 cm3 portions of the saturated barium hydroxide solution were placed in
conical flasks and titrated with 0.200 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid added from a burette.
Three drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the solution in
each conical flask.
(a) State the colour change observed at the end-point of the titration.
(2)
From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................ to .............................................................................................
(b) Some of the results are shown.
Titration 1 2 3 4
Final burette reading / cm3 22.60 44.45 23.05
Initial burette reading / cm3 0.10 22.60 1.25 23.20
Titre / cm3 22.50 21.85 21.90
(i) Complete the table.

(1)
(ii) Give a reason why the first titre should not be used to calculate the
mean titre.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P64625A0816*
(iii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid in the mean titre.
(2)
(iv) The equation for the reaction in the titration is
Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
Calculate the concentration of barium hydroxide, in g dm−3, giving your

answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(3)
9
(c) Solid samples of soluble barium compounds such as barium oxide are toxic by
inhalation due to the presence of barium ions.
Give a safety precaution that should be used to minimise this risk when adding
barium oxide to water.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Barium also forms a peroxide. A bottle of barium peroxide has the hazard symbol
Give the meaning of this symbol.

(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P64625A01016*
4 A sample of 1-bromobutane may be prepared by reacting butan-1-ol with
sodium bromide and 50 % concentrated sulfuric acid.
C4H9OH + NaBr + H2SO4 → C4H9Br + NaHSO4 + H2O
Procedure
Step 1 Add suitable quantities of butan-1-ol and sodium bromide solution to a
round-bottom flask. Place the flask in a cold water bath.
Add concentrated sulfuric acid drop by drop to the flask.
Step 2 Heat the mixture in the flask under reflux for about 45 minutes.
Step 3 Rearrange the apparatus for distillation and distil the reaction mixture.
The distillate collected contains 1-bromobutane and water in separate layers.
Remove as much of the water layer as possible.
Step 4 Transfer the impure 1-bromobutane to a separating funnel,
add sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and shake the mixture.
Run off the organic layer into a clean conical flask.
Step 5 Add anhydrous calcium chloride, stopper the flask and allow it to stand.
Decant the liquid.
Step 6 Distil the product over a suitable temperature range to give
pure 1-bromobutane.
Data
Property Butan-1-ol 1-Bromobutane

−3
Density / g cm 0.810 1.27
Molar mass / g mol−1 74 137
Boiling temperature / ° C 118 102
(a) Suggest why the percentage yield of 1-bromobutane might be lower if the
cold water bath was not used in Step 1.
(2)
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............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
(b) (i) State what must be added to the mixture in the flask before heating in Step 2.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you would use
to heat the mixture under reflux in Step 2.
(3)
12
*P64625A01216*
(c) Purification of the product occurs in Steps 3–6.
(i) State why sodium hydrogencarbonate solution is added in Step 4.
(1)
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Addition of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution in Step 4 causes

vigorous effervescence.
Explain how the problem associated with Step 4 should be dealt with.
(2)
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Give the purpose of the anhydrous calcium chloride used in Step 5.
(1)
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) State how the appearance of the organic liquid would change in Step 5.
(1)
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
(d) For the final distillation in Step 6, a thermometer with a scale giving readings to
the nearest 1° C was provided.
Give a suitable temperature range for the collection of the pure 1-bromobutane.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) A student was asked to prepare 20 cm3 of 1-bromobutane using the procedure
described. The student knew that the percentage yield would be less than 100 %.
(i) Give one possible reason for the yield being less than 100 %.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) After some research the student decided to use 21.0 g of butan-1-ol to
prepare 20 cm3 of 1-bromobutane.
Calculate the percentage yield that the student expected to obtain.
(4)
14
*P64625A01416*
BLANK PAGE
15
*P64625A01516*
16
*P64625A01616*
Centre Number Candidate Number
October 2021
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
 


Instructions
• centrethe
Information
Advice
Turn over
*P69461A0116*
P69461A
E:1/1/1/1/1/
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 This question is about some compounds of strontium.
(a) State a test for the strontium cation, giving the expected result.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) An unlabelled bottle was thought to contain solid strontium chloride.

A sample of the solid was dissolved in distilled water for tests to identify
the anion.
Complete the table to give the expected results of the anion tests.
(2)
Expected result for the

Reagent added for test
strontium chloride solution
Barium chloride acidified with ...................................................................................................................... . . . . . .
hydrochloric acid
...................................................................................................................... . . . . . .
Silver nitrate acidified with ...................................................................................................................... . . . . . .
nitric acid
...................................................................................................................... . . . . . .
(c) Anhydrous strontium sulfate undergoes thermal decomposition at

approximately 1300 °C.
SrSO4(s) → SrO(s) + SO2(g) + ½O2(g)
Suggest why this decomposition is unlikely to be possible in a school laboratory.

(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
*P69461A0216* 
(d) Anhydrous strontium nitrate decomposes at 570 °C.
Sr(NO3)2(s) → SrO(s) + 2NO2(g) + ½O2(g)
(i) Describe how to ensure the strontium nitrate decomposes fully.

(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State the colour of nitrogen dioxide gas.

(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Give the test for oxygen and the expected positive result.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) The solid residue from the decomposition was added to distilled water.
Give one observation for the reaction that takes place, identifying the product
of the reaction by name or formula.
(2)
Observation
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
 *P69461A0316* Turn over
2 Geraniol is used in perfumes and can be extracted from many plants.
Data on geraniol are shown.
Melting Boiling
Solubility in water Density / g cm−3
temperature / °C temperature / °C
insoluble −15 230 0.889
The structure of geraniol is shown.
OH
(a) Geraniol has two different types of functional group.

Name the functional groups, giving a chemical test and its positive result to show
the presence of each group.
(4)
First functional group:
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Second functional group:
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P69461A0416* 
(b) Geraniol is extracted by steam distillation.
water out
vent to sink
mixture to be
water steam distilled
water in
HEAT HEAT
collecting
flask
The steam distillation product is geraniol and water. The water may contain
dissolved impurities which have similar boiling temperatures to geraniol.
The contents of the collecting flask are transferred to a piece of apparatus used to
separate the geraniol from the water layer.
Draw a labelled diagram of this apparatus and its contents.
(3)
5
 *P69461A0516* Turn over
(c) The geraniol will still contain small quantities of water.
Describe how to produce a sample of pure, dry geraniol using a named
drying agent.
(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) The hazard labels for pure geraniol are shown.
.............................................................. .............................................................. ..............................................................
(i) Complete the table to identify the hazards indicated by the symbols.
(2)
6
*P69461A0616* 
(ii) State one precaution, other than wearing safety spectacles and a laboratory
coat, that should be taken when using pure geraniol to reduce the risk
associated with the hazard symbol shown.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) State the appearance of the flame when geraniol is ignited.

(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(f ) Geraniol reacts with excess hydrogen gas.

(i) State the essential condition required for this reaction.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Draw the skeletal formula of the product of this reaction.

(1)
OH
geraniol
7
 *P69461A0716* Turn over
3 A student carried out experiments to determine the enthalpy change for the
hydration of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4 , to form hydrated copper(II) sulfate
crystals, CuSO4∙5H2O .
To find the enthalpy change of solution of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate, 25.0 cm3 of
distilled water was placed in a polystyrene cup and the temperature measured at
one minute intervals.
After 2.5 minutes, 7.50 g of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate was added and the mixture
stirred continuously.
Time / minutes 0 1 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 7 8
Temperature / °C 21.1 21.0 21.0 X 34.2 37.6 36.9 36.1 35.2 34.3
8
*P69461A0816* 
(a) Plot a graph of temperature against time on the grid.
(3)
(b) Determine the maximum temperature change, ΔT, using your graph.
You must show your working on the graph.
(2)
ΔT = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
 *P69461A0916* Turn over
(c) The value of the enthalpy change from this experiment was −39.0 kJ mol−1.
Give one possible reason why this value is different from a data book value
of −61.4 kJ mol−1.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) After another experiment to find the enthalpy change of solution of

hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals, the student constructed the Hess cycle shown.
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change of hydration for the conversion of
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate to hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals.
(1)
(ii) Give one possible reason why the enthalpy change of hydration in (d)(i) could
not be found directly by experiment.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
*P69461A01016* 
BLANK PAGE
11
 *P69461A01116* Turn over
4 Students were set a challenge by their teacher to produce a chemical clock
measuring a 20 s time interval. They used an opaque solution that became
transparent, allowing a black cross to become visible after 20 s.
white paper with

large black ‘X’
The students investigated the effect of temperature on their results and plotted
a graph.
50
45
40
35
30
Time t / s
25
20
15
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Temperature / °C
(a) In this type of experiment 1 / t (where t is time) may be used as a measure of the
rate of reaction.
(i) Calculate the rate at 15 °C to a suitable number of significant figures.
Include units in your answer.
(3)
12
*P69461A01216* 
(ii) Sketch a line showing how the rate of reaction varies with temperature for
this reaction.
(1)
Rate
Temperature
(b) Evaluate the students' results and decide whether it is necessary to repeat
their experiments.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) State how you would change the conditions to make this chemical clock measure
40 s at 22 °C.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
 *P69461A01316* Turn over
5 A technician found a bottle of sodium hydroxide solution at the back of a cupboard.
The technician determined its concentration by titrating 25.0 cm3 samples against
0.500 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid from a burette.
The results obtained are shown.
(a) Complete the titre values.
(1)
Titration number
Rough 1 2 3 4
Final reading
24.90 21.25 42.85 21.80 43.15
/ cm3
Initial reading
2.30 0.00 21.25 0.50 21.80
/ cm3
Titre / cm3 21.35
(b) (i) State why the value from Titration 2 was not used to calculate the mean.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in mol dm−3.
(4)
14
*P69461A01416* 
(c) Each reading of the burette has an uncertainty of ±0.05 cm3.
Calculate the percentage uncertainty in Titration 4.
(1)
(d) State the colour change that would be seen at the end-point in this titration using
phenolphthalein as the indicator.
(2)
From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... to ................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
 *P69461A01516*
16
*P69461A01616* 

Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
 


Scientific calculator, ruler January 2022
Instructions
• centrethe
Information
Advice
Turn over
*P67129A0120*
P67129A
L:1/1/1/1/
1 This question is about ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a soluble ionic compound.
(a) An aqueous solution of NH4Cl contains both ammonium ions, NH 4+, and
chloride ions, Cl–.
(i) State what would be seen on the addition of acidified silver nitrate solution to
an aqueous solution of NH4Cl.
(1)
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(ii) Describe a test to confirm the presence of NH 4+ ions in a solution of NH4Cl.

Include the result of the positive test.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) A student investigated the enthalpy change when dissolving NH4Cl in

excess water.
NH4Cl(s) + aq ® NH 4+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

Procedure
Step 1 Accurately weigh 7.17 g of NH4Cl into a glass beaker.
Step 2 Fill a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder with deionised water.
Measure the temperature of the water using a thermometer.
Step 3 Pour the water from the measuring cylinder into the beaker and at the same
time start a stopwatch. Stir the solution in the beaker, using the thermometer.
Step 4 Record the temperature at 15 s, 30 s and then at 30 s intervals while continuing
to stir the solution.
The data from the experiment are shown on the graph.
2
*P67129A0220* 
20
19
18
17
Temperature / °C
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
Time / s
(i) Give two reasons why the student stirred the solution in Steps 3 and 4.
(2)
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(ii) Use the graph to determine the maximum temperature change, ΔT, in this
experiment. You must show your working on the graph.
(2)
3
 *P67129A0320* Turn over
(iii) Another student carried out the experiment using a polystyrene cup in place
of the glass beaker.
Explain how this student’s graph would be different.
You may annotate the graph as part of your answer.
(3)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The experimental results of another student were used in the equation shown
to calculate the enthalpy change, ΔH, for dissolving one mole of NH4Cl in
excess water.
m × c × ΔT
ΔH =
n
= +14 500 J mol–1
In the equation
m = mass of solution = 50 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g–1 °C–1
ΔT = maximum temperature change of solution
n = moles of NH4Cl
(i) State two assumptions made in this calculation.
You do not need to justify your answers.
(2)
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4
*P67129A0420* 
(ii) The total percentage uncertainty in this experiment was 2.6 %.
Show that the enthalpy change of 14.5 kJ mol–1 is consistent with a data book
value of 14.8 kJ mol–1.
(2)
5
 *P67129A0520* Turn over
2 This question is about two organic compounds, X and Y. Both are liquids which
contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
(a) The mass of hydrogen and of carbon present in 1.33 g of X were determined by
passing its combustion products through the apparatus shown.
1.33 g of X
pure O2(g) excess O2(g)
heat
soda lime(s)
silica gel(s) (absorbs CO2)
(absorbs H2O)
(i) State the measurements that should be made.

(2)
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(ii) Give two reasons why pure O2(g), and not air, should be used.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
*P67129A0620* 
(iii) The experiment showed that 1.33 g of X contains 0.14 g of hydrogen and
0.63 g of carbon.
Calculate the empirical formula of X, using these data.
You must show your working.
(3)
(b) When phosphorus(V) chloride is added to X, steamy white fumes are seen.
State what can be deduced about compound X from this observation only.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
 *P67129A0720* Turn over
(c) Compound X is converted into compound Y when refluxed with excess
sodium dichromate(VI) in sulfuric acid.
Compound Y is a liquid that is soluble in the reaction mixture.
Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that could be used to separate Y from
the reaction mixture.
(3)
8
*P67129A0820* 
(d) The infrared spectrum of Y is shown.
0.8
0.6
Transmittance
0.4
0.2
4000 3000 2000 1000

Wavenumber / cm–1
The table shows some infrared absorption data.
Bond Wavenumber range / cm–1
C H (alkane) 2962 – 2853
O H (alcohols and phenols) 3750 – 3200
O H (carboxylic acids) 3300 – 2500
C C (alkene) 1669 – 1645
C O (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids) 1740 – 1680
Explain how this spectrum shows that Y contains a carboxylic acid

functional group, quoting data from the table.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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9
 *P67129A0920* Turn over
(e) The mass spectrum of Y is shown.
100
80
60
Relative
intensity
40
20
0.0
0.0 20 40 60 80 100
m/z
(i) Show that the mass spectrum is consistent with Y having the
molecular formula C3H4O3 .
(1)
(ii) Suggest the structure of the ion causing the peak at m / z = 43 in the
mass spectrum of Y.
(1)
10
*P67129A01020* 
(f ) Compound X contains one type of functional group.
Compound Y contains two different functional groups.
Use the information in the question to deduce the structures of X and Y.
(2)
Compound X
Compound Y
11
 *P67129A01120* Turn over
3 A student used a precipitation titration to determine the value of x in the formula of a
sample of hydrated barium chloride, BaCl2 ∙ x H2O.
Procedure
Step 1 Prepare a solution by dissolving 1.57 g of BaCl2 · x H2O in deionised water,
making the solution up to the mark in a 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask and then
mixing thoroughly.
Step 2 Use a pipette to transfer 10.0 cm3 of the barium chloride solution into a
conical flask.
Add excess sodium sulfate solution and swirl the mixture.
Step 3 Fill a burette with 0.0324 mol dm–3 silver nitrate solution.
Step 4 Add three drops of potassium chromate(VI) solution to the conical flask and
titrate the contents, while swirling, with the silver nitrate solution.
The end‑point is shown by the appearance of a permanent
pale red precipitate.
Step 5 Repeat Steps 2 to 4 until concordant results are obtained.
During the titration, two precipitation reactions occur.
Reaction 1 Silver ions react with chloride ions forming silver chloride.
Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) ® AgCl(s)
Reaction 2 Once all chloride ions have reacted, silver ions react with chromate(VI)
ions to form a red precipitate of silver chromate(VI).
2Ag+(aq) + CrO 42–(aq) ® Ag2CrO4(s)
(a) (i) Give the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when sodium sulfate
solution is added to the conical flask in Step 2.
Include state symbols.
(1)
(ii) Give a possible reason why it is necessary to add sodium sulfate solution.
(1)
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12
*P67129A01220* 
(b) Suggest why the red precipitate of silver chromate(VI) only forms after all the
chloride ions have reacted.
(1)
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(c) Some data obtained in the experiment are shown.
Titration number 1 2 3 4
Burette reading (final) / cm3 16.15 32.05 48.30 47.40
Burette reading (initial) / cm3 0.00 16.15 32.50 31.55
Titre / cm3 16.15
(i) Complete the table and use the concordant results to calculate the mean titre.
(2)
13
 *P67129A01320* Turn over
(ii) Determine the value of x in the formula of the hydrated salt, BaCl2 · x H2O.
Use information from the procedure and your mean titre from (c)(i).
You must show your working.
(5)
14
*P67129A01420* 
BLANK PAGE
15
 *P67129A01520* Turn over
4 This question is about the preparation of anhydrous aluminium chloride, AlCl3 , which
reacts vigorously with water and must be stored in tightly sealed containers.
A sample of anhydrous AlCl3 was prepared by passing chlorine gas over hot
aluminium foil using the apparatus shown.
2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) ® 2AlCl3(s)
absorption tube
ceramic wool plugs potassium hydroxide
concentrated
hydrochloric acid
receiver bottle
anhydrous calcium
aluminium foil
chloride
ceramic
combustion tube
wool plugs
heat
potassium manganate(VII)
Procedure
Step 1 Assemble the apparatus with about 5 g of potassium manganate(VII) in the
pear‑shaped flask, 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid in the tap funnel
and a known mass of aluminium foil in the combustion tube.
Step 2 Carefully open the tap of the funnel, allowing the acid to enter the
pear‑shaped flask drop by drop. Wait for twenty seconds.
Step 3 Heat the aluminium foil until it glows brightly. Continue heating until the
reaction is complete. Allow the apparatus to cool before closing the tap of
the funnel.
Step 4 Remove the receiver bottle, quickly scrape the product into a sample tube and
seal with a lid.
16
*P67129A01620* 
(a) Granules of anhydrous calcium chloride are held between two ceramic wool plugs
in the combustion tube.
(i) Explain the purpose of the anhydrous calcium chloride.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give the reason why granules of anhydrous calcium chloride are used rather
than powder.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The reaction occurring in Step 2 produces chlorine gas.

(i) Identify the main hazard related to chlorine gas, giving the best way of
minimising the risk when using this gas.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give a reason why the concentrated hydrochloric acid is added ‘drop by drop’
to the pear‑shaped flask.
(1)
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17
 *P67129A01720* Turn over
(c) Suggest why the heating of the aluminium in Step 3 is delayed by 20 s after the
initial production of chlorine gas.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) State how you would know the reaction is complete in Step 3.
(1)
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(e) Suggest the purpose of the potassium hydroxide in the absorption tube.
(1)
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18
*P67129A01820* 
BLANK PAGE
19
 *P67129A01920*
20
*P67129A02020* 

Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
 


Scientific calculator, ruler May/June 2022
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• centrethe
Information
Advice
Turn over
*P70966A0116*
P70966A
Q:1/1/1/1/
1 An experiment is carried out to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction
between zinc and copper(II) sulfate solution.
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)

Procedure
• weigh 4.50 g of zinc powder into a weighing bottle
• use a measuring cylinder to transfer 50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3
aqueous copper(II) sulfate into a polystyrene cup, held in a 250 cm3 beaker
• stir the solution with a thermometer, record the temperature to the nearest 0.5 °C
and start a timer
• continue to stir the solution, recording the temperature every minute
• at exactly 3.5 minutes, add the zinc powder to the aqueous copper(II) sulfate,
stirring continuously
• record the temperature of the solution every minute from 4.0 to 9.0 minutes.
Time / min 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Temperature / °C 21.5 22.5 22.0 22.0 60.5 63.0 60.5 58.5 57.0 55.5
2
*P70966A0216* 
(a) (i) Plot a graph of temperature against time on the grid.
(1)
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
Temperature
/ °C
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
Time / min
(ii) Use the graph to determine the maximum temperature change, ΔT, in this
experiment. You must show your working on the graph.
(3)
ΔT = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °C
3
 *P70966A0316* Turn over
(iii) State why using a series of measurements gives a more accurate temperature
change than taking the initial and highest temperatures.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) (i) Show by calculation that the zinc powder is in excess.

(2)
(ii) Calculate the energy transferred in the reaction, in joules.

Assume that the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g–1 °C–1.
(1)
(iii) State a second assumption, other than the specific heat capacity of the
solution, that you have made in your calculation in (b)(ii).
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P70966A0416* 
(iv) Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, using your answers to
(b)(i) and (b)(ii).
(2)
(c) Identify two improvements in the experimental procedure that would

improve the accuracy of the result, other than repeating the experiment.
Justify your answers.
(2)
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5
 *P70966A0516* Turn over
2 The hydrogencarbonate of an unknown Group 1 metal, MHCO3 , is a white solid.
Two students carried out a titration experiment using hydrochloric acid.
The results were used to determine a value for the relative formula mass, Mr ,
of MHCO3 and thus obtain a value for the relative atomic mass, Ar , of M.
Both students made solutions containing 2.00 g of MHCO3.
The first student made a 250.0 cm3 standard solution.
The second student made a solution by placing the MHCO3 in a beaker, dissolving
the solid in a little deionised water, and then filling the beaker to the 250 cm3 mark.
Both students titrated 25.0 cm3 portions of their solution using hydrochloric acid with
a concentration of 0.150 mol dm–3. They used the same method and equipment.
The students repeated their titrations until they achieved concordant titres.
The first student obtained a mean titre of 13.35 cm3.
(a) Calculate the value for the Ar of the metal M from the data of the first student.
MHCO3 and HCl react in a 1 : 1 ratio.
You must show your working. Give your answer to two decimal places.
(4)
6
*P70966A0616* 
(b) Both students calculated values of the relative atomic mass of M.
Using their calculations and the total percentage uncertainty of their experiments,
they deduced that M was potassium.
The value for Ar calculated by the second student was 37.52.
(i) Calculate the experimental error for the second student.
[Ar of potassium = 39.1]
(1)
(ii) The second student calculated the Ar value of M to be 37.52 with a

total percentage uncertainty of 4.5 %.
Comment on the value of 37.52 obtained by this student by calculating the
range of values of Ar .
(3)
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7
 *P70966A0716* Turn over
(iii) The first student suggested that the burette was the biggest source of
experimental uncertainty.
Explain how the percentage uncertainty of the burette reading could be
reduced without changing the apparatus or simply repeating the experiment.
(2)
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(iv) The second student was told that using a beaker to prepare their standard
solution was incorrect.
Describe the steps the student should take to make a standard solution as
accurately as possible.
Assume that the student is supplied with 2.00 g of MHCO3 in a weighing bottle
and the usual laboratory glassware.
(4)
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8
*P70966A0816* 
(c) The solution formed from the reaction between MHCO3 and HCl can be
evaporated to give a white solid, MCl .
(i) State the test the students might use on the white solid to show that M was
potassium. Include the expected result.
(2)
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(ii) Describe a test and the expected result to confirm the presence of the
chloride ion in the white solid.
(3)
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9
 *P70966A0916* Turn over
3 Cyclohexene, C6H10 , was prepared by dehydrating cyclohexanol, C6H11OH, using
concentrated phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4 .
C6H11OH(l) → C6H10(l) + H2O(l)

Procedure
Step 1 Approximately 12 cm3 of cyclohexanol was measured into a small flask.
Step 2 5 cm3 of concentrated phosphoric(V) acid was added slowly to the flask with
cooling and swirling.
Step 3 Some anti‑bumping granules were added to the mixture.
Step 4 The flask was set up for distillation, using the apparatus shown, and the
distillate was collected between 80 °C and 90 °C.
water
out
water
in
heat
Step 5 The distillate was transferred to a separating funnel and washed with an
aqueous solution of sodium carbonate.
Step 6 The crude organic product was separated from the mixture, placed in a clean
separating funnel and washed with deionised water.
Step 7 The organic layer was separated and dried using a suitable drying agent.
Step 8 The dried organic layer was distilled, over a narrow range of temperature, to
give pure cyclohexene.
Substance Boiling temperature / °C Density / g cm–3
Cyclohexanol 162 0.96
Cyclohexene 83 0.81
Water 100 1.00
10
*P70966A01016* 
(a) Give the most suitable piece of apparatus for measuring the cyclohexanol
in Step 1.
(1)
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(b) Explain why adding phosphoric(V) acid slowly, with cooling and swirling,
in Step 2 results in a higher yield of cyclohexene.
(2)
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(c) In Step 3 anti‑bumping granules are present to promote smooth boiling in

the mixture.
Give a reason, other than damage to equipment, why bumping should
be avoided.
(1)
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11
 *P70966A01116* Turn over
(d) Explain why, in Step 4, the distillate is collected in a temperature range of
80 °C to 90 °C.
(2)
Substance Boiling temperature / °C
Cyclohexanol 162
Cyclohexene 83
Water 100
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(e) (i) State what is removed by washing the mixture with

sodium carbonate solution in Step 5.
Include an ionic equation for the reaction.
State symbols are not required.
(2)
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12
*P70966A01216* 
(ii) After the washing in Step 5, the separating funnel contains two layers.
Draw a diagram of the separating funnel, labelling its contents.
(2)
Substance Density / g cm–3
Cyclohexanol 0.96
Cyclohexene 0.81
Water 1.00
(iii) Suggest what might be removed by washing the product with

deionised water in Step 6.
(1)
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(f ) Identify from the list shown one substance that could be used as a drying agent
in Step 7 of this procedure. Justify your choice.
(2)
C2H5OH(l) Ca(OH)2(s) CuSO4 .5H2O(s)
H2SO4(l) MgSO4(s) Na2SO4 .10H2O(s)
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13
 *P70966A01316* Turn over
(g) Chemical tests may be used to show whether or not reactants and products are
present during the course of the procedure.
(i) State a chemical test and the expected observation for a C C double bond.
(2)
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(ii) State a chemical test and the expected observation for an –OH group.
(2)
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(iii) State whether or not the test in (g)(ii) could be used on the organic product to
show if cyclohexanol remains when Step 5 is complete.
(1)
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14
*P70966A01416* 
BLANK PAGE
15
 *P70966A01516*
16
*P70966A01616* 

Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
 


Instructions
• centrethe
Information
Advice
Turn over
*P71862A0112*
P71862A
B:1/1/1/1/
1 (a) In the test for sulfate ions, an acid is added, followed by aqueous barium chloride.
(i) Give a reason why the mixture needs to be acidified.
(1)
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(ii) Identify, by name or formula, a suitable acid. Justify your answer.

(2)
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(iii) A student is given a sample of white crystals to test for sulfate ions.
Describe how the test should be carried out, including the positive result.
(2)
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2
*P71862A0212* 
(b) A student is given a solid known to be either sodium bromide or barium chloride.
(i) State the test you would carry out on separate solid samples of
sodium bromide and barium chloride to show the cations present.
Include the positive result for each cation.
(3)
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(ii) State the test you would carry out on separate solutions of sodium bromide
and barium chloride to show the anions present.
Include the positive result for each anion.
(3)
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3
 *P71862A0312* Turn over
2 Some antacid medications to treat acid indigestion contain
magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 .
A student investigates how much magnesium carbonate is in an antacid tablet.
Procedure
• crush a 1.30 g tablet to form a powder
• add the powder to 75.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid
• stir the mixture until the reaction is complete
• make up to 250.0 cm3 with distilled water
• titrate 25.0 cm3 samples of the solution against 0.0250 mol dm−3 NaOH to
determine the number of moles of sulfuric acid that did not react.
Burette reading Rough 1 2 3
Final reading / cm3 13.45 25.60 37.85 12.35
Initial reading / cm3 0.00 13.45 25.60 0.15
Titre / cm3
(a) (i) Complete the table.

(1)
(ii) Calculate the mean titre for the titration.
(1)
(b) The equation for the titration reaction is
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(i) Calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid that reacted with the
sodium hydroxide in the mean titre, using your answer from (a)(ii).
(2)
4
*P71862A0412* 
(ii) Calculate the total number of moles of sulfuric acid used at the start of
the experiment.
(1)
(iii) Calculate the percentage of magnesium carbonate in the antacid tablet,

using your answers to (b)(i) and (b)(ii). You must show all your working.
(4)
MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O + CO2
[Mr MgCO3 = 84.3 Mass of tablet = 1.30 g]
(c) (i) Give one possible reason for carrying out a rough titration.
(1)
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(ii) Phenolphthalein indicator was used in the titration.

State the colour change seen at the end‑point.
(2)
From ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... to ................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
 *P71862A0512* Turn over
3 Precipitation reactions can be used to determine the formulae of compounds.
A bottle has a torn label which shows that it contains a nitrate with the
formula X(NO3)2 .
nitrate
(NO3)2
TOXIC
Procedure
• a technician dissolved a sample of 12.41 g of the nitrate in deionised water to
make 100 cm3 of solution
• the technician pipetted 5.0 cm3 of 1.50 mol dm−3 potassium iodide into each of a
series of test tubes
• each test tube then had a volume of the nitrate solution added to it as shown in
the table
• a cloudy yellow solution formed, and the precipitate was allowed to settle
• the height of the precipitate was then measured.
X(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → XI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
6
*P71862A0612* 
The results of the experiment are shown.
Volume of X(NO3)2 solution added Height of precipitate

/ cm3 / mm
0 0
4 4
8 8
12 10
16 11
20 10
(a) (i) Plot the data on the grid.

(2)
7
 *P71862A0712* Turn over
(ii) State why the height of the precipitate becomes approximately constant.
(1)
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(b) (i) Determine the minimum volume of nitrate solution needed to react
completely with 5.0 cm3 of potassium iodide solution.
You must show your working on the graph.
(2)
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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of potassium iodide in each test tube.
(1)
(iii) Calculate the concentration of the metal nitrate solution in g dm−3 using the
information given in the procedure.
(1)
(iv) Identify X by using your answers to (b)(i), (b)(ii) and (b)(iii) to determine the
Mr of the metal nitrate.
You must show all your working.
(4)
8
*P71862A0812* 
(v) Deduce the ionic equation for the formation of XI2 , using your answer
to (b)(iv).
Include state symbols in your answer.
(1)
(c) Suggest why some of the precipitate heights may be above the maximum height
expected. Assume there were no measurement errors.
(1)
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(d) The metal nitrate is toxic.

Draw the hazard symbol that should be displayed on the bottle.
(1)
9
 *P71862A0912* Turn over
4 Propan‑1‑ol, propan‑2‑ol and 2‑methylpropan‑2‑ol are all alcohols commonly used in
school laboratories.
Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is used to oxidise alcohols.
(a) State the colour change seen when an alcohol is oxidised with
(2)
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(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that is required to prepare

and collect a sample of propanal by heating propan‑1‑ol with
(4)
(c) An electric heater may be used to heat a sample of an alcohol with

(i) State why an electric heater should be used rather than a Bunsen burner to
heat these reaction mixtures.
(1)
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10
*P71862A01012* 
(ii) State why there is no reaction when 2-methylpropan-2-ol is heated with
(1)
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(iii) Identify, by name or formula, all the possible oxidation products of

propan‑1‑ol and propan‑2‑ol.
(1)
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(iv) Give a further chemical test and the positive result for each of the oxidation
products of propan‑1‑ol.
(4)
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11
 *P71862A01112*
12
*P71862A01212* 

Paper
reference WCH13/01
Chemistry
 


Instructions
• Fill in theis boxes
If pencil used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number andat candidate
the top of this page with your name,
number.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
Information
Advice
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
*P71877A0116*
P71877A
J:1/1/1/
1 A student is asked to identify an organic liquid P and an inorganic solid Q.
(a) P has the molecular formula C6H12. P is a straight‑chain molecule that contains
one functional group.
Bromine water is decolourised when shaken with P.
Identify the functional group present in P, giving a possible name for
the compound.
(2)
Functional group
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Name
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(b) Q is a Group 1 halide which produces a lilac colour in a flame test.

When a few drops of dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate are added to a
solution of Q, a yellow precipitate is formed.
Identify, by name or formula, the ions present in Q.
(2)
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(c) When a few drops of dilute bromine water are added to an aqueous solution of Q,
a red‑brown solution is formed.
(i) Give an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.
(2)
2
*P71877A0216* 
(ii) A portion of the organic liquid P is added to the red‑brown aqueous solution
formed in (c)(i).
The mixture is shaken and then allowed to stand for several minutes.
State what observations would be expected, including any changes in colour.
(3)
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3
 *P71877A0316* Turn over
2 In an experiment to measure the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol, a
student uses the apparatus shown.
stirrer
thermometer
beaker
draught shield
water
spirit burner
ethanol
(a) (i) Give a reason why it is important to shield the apparatus from draughts.
(1)
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(ii) Draw the hazard symbol which should be on a bottle of ethanol.

(1)
4
*P71877A0416* 
(b) A student devised the procedure shown to determine the enthalpy change of
combustion for ethanol.
• 150 cm3 of water is placed in the beaker and its temperature recorded
• the burner containing ethanol is weighed, placed under the beaker of water
and then lit
• after 5 minutes the burner is removed
• the temperature of the water in the beaker is recorded again
• the flame is extinguished, and the burner and its contents are reweighed.
(i) The student’s results are shown.
Quantity Value
Final water temperature / °C 29.1
Initial water temperature / °C 21.8
Temperature change / °C
Mass of burner + ethanol before burning / g 158.13
Mass of burner + ethanol after burning / g 157.81
Mass of ethanol burned / g
Complete the table.

(1)
5
 *P71877A0516* Turn over
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol in kJ mol–1, using the
student’s results.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures
and include a sign.
Data
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g–1 °C–1
Density of water = 1.00 g cm–3
Molar mass of ethanol = 46.0 g mol–1
(3)
(iii) In this procedure, after removing the burner there is a delay before the flame
is extinguished.
Explain the effect of this delay on the value of the enthalpy change of
combustion of ethanol determined in the experiment.
(2)
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6
*P71877A0616* 
(iv) The uncertainty in each reading of the thermometer was ±0.1°C.
Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the temperature change in the
student’s experiment.
(1)
(c) The student repeated the experiment using the same apparatus, in an attempt to
improve its accuracy. The water was heated for 15 minutes before measuring the
final temperature and reweighing the burner.
The data book value for the standard enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol
is –1367 kJ mol–1.
The teacher said that the changes would improve the percentage uncertainty in
the measurement of mass and temperature but have little effect on the accuracy
of the value obtained.
(i) State how the changes in the experiment improve the percentage
uncertainties in the measurement of mass and temperature. No calculation
is required.
(1)
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(ii) Explain how the difference between uncertainty and accuracy led the teacher
to make this statement.
(2)
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7
 *P71877A0716* Turn over
3 Citric acid is used as a descaler to remove limescale from kettles and coffee machines.
H2C COOH
HO C COOH citric acid
H2C COOH
A student determined the concentration of a citric acid descaler, labelled solution A,

which had a stated concentration of 200 g dm–3.
(a) Solution A was diluted by a factor of 10 and then used in a titration with a
solution of sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.267 mol dm–3.
Procedure
sing a pipette, 25.0 cm3 of solution A was transferred to a 250.0 cm3
Step 1 U
volumetric flask. The solution was then made up to the mark with
deionised water, inverted several times and labelled solution B.
clean pipette was used to transfer a 25.0 cm3 portion of solution B to a
Step 2 A
conical flask.
Step 3 A
few drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to the conical flask
and the contents titrated with the sodium hydroxide solution.
This step was repeated until concordant results were obtained.
(i) In Step 1, the student rinsed both the pipette and the volumetric flask with
deionised water before transferring 25.0 cm3 of solution A.
State the effect, if any, of these changes in procedure on the concentration
of solution B.
(2)
Pipette
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Volumetric flask
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8
*P71877A0816* 
(ii) Give a reason why the student inverted the volumetric flask several times
in Step 1.
(1)
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(iii) The sodium hydroxide solution was labelled with the hazard label.
The student wore safety glasses and placed the burette below head height
while filling it with sodium hydroxide solution.
State why the student took these precautions.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iv) State the colour change of the phenolphthalein indicator at the end‑point of
the titration in Step 3.
(2)
From ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ to .......................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
 *P71877A0916* Turn over
(v) The results of the student’s experiment are shown.
Titration Trial 1 2 3 4
Final volume / cm3 29.25 33.25 32.00 29.50 28.90
Initial volume / cm3 0.00 4.50 3.15 0.80 0.00
Volume added / cm3 29.25 28.75 28.90
Complete the table and calculate the mean titre, using all concordant values.
(1)
(vi) Give a reason why the student did not need to carry out titrations 3 and 4.
(1)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(vii) Give a reason why solution A was diluted before titrating it with this
sodium hydroxide solution.
(1)
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(b) (i) The unbalanced equation for the reaction between citric acid and
sodium hydroxide is shown.
H2CCOOH H2CCOONa
HOCCOOH + . .............. NaOH → HOCCOONa + ............... H2O
H2CCOOH H2CCOONa
Complete the equation. State symbols are not required.

(1)
10
*P71877A01016* 
(ii) Calculate the concentration of citric acid in solution A in g dm–3, using the
equation from (b)(i) and the results from (a)(v).
Give your answer to three significant figures.
Data
Concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution = 0.267 mol dm–3
Molar mass of citric acid = 192 g mol–1
(5)
(iii) Using the result of the experiment, the student concluded that the stated
concentration of the descaler (200 g dm–3) was incorrect.
State whether or not this difference in concentration would affect the use
of the descaler solution to remove limescale in kettles and coffee machines.
(2)
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
 *P71877A01116* Turn over
4 The alcohols K, L and M are isomers of butan‑1‑ol, C4H9OH.
(a) Give a chemical test, with the expected result, which would show the presence of
the –OH group in any alcohol.
(2)
Test
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Result
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(b) (i) A sample of butan‑1‑ol is warmed with a solution of potassium dichromate(VI)

in dilute sulfuric acid.
State the colour change which would be observed.
(2)
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(ii) The three isomers K, L and M are warmed separately with portions of a
solution of potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid.
No colour change is observed with isomer K.
Identify isomer K by name or formula.
(1)
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12
*P71877A01216* 
(iii) The other isomers L and M are oxidised when warmed with a solution of
potassium dichromate(VI) in dilute sulfuric acid.
Complete the table to show the displayed formulae of these two isomers and
the product of this oxidation reaction of isomer L.
(3)
Displayed formula of a product of the

Isomer Displayed formula of isomer
oxidation reaction
H C H
O
M H C C
C H H
H H
(iv) Give one chemical test, with the expected results, which would distinguish
these oxidation products of isomers L and M.
(3)
Test
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Result for oxidation product of isomer L
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Result for oxidation product of isomer M
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
 *P71877A01316*
BLANK PAGE
14
*P71877A01416* 
BLANK PAGE
15
 *P71877A01516*
16
*P71877A01616* 

Chem Unit 3

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Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

Time: 1 hour 20 minutes WCH13/01

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level in Chemistry 89

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Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

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(ii) Estimate the maximum temperature change, ΔT.

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(ii) The solution contained 0.050 mol of copper(II) sulfate.

(Total for Question 1 = 13 marks)

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Solution Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

A effervescence no reaction unchanged

B no reaction yellow precipitate unchanged

C no reaction white precipitate unchanged

D effervescence white precipitate unchanged

E no reaction white precipitate effervescence

dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)

potassium carbonate, K2CO3(aq)

sodium iodide, NaI(aq)

dilute nitric acid, HNO3(aq)

sodium chloride, NaCl(aq)

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

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Colourless liquid, J Gas H

(a) In reaction 1, misty fumes were observed.

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3000 2000 1000

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of C3H6 with bromine.

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(Total for Question 3 = 14 marks)

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Mass of crucible empty 19.36

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Mass of crucible + anhydrous sodium carbonate 21.98

Mass of hydrated sodium carbonate

Mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate

Mass of water removed

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3,

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List the essential steps in the practical procedure.

(Total for Question 4 = 16 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

Friday 17 January 2020

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Candidates must have: Scientific calculator Total Marks