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IS 11896 (1986): Determination of apparent specific

gravity, true specific gravity and apparent porosity of
iron ore lump and sinter [MTD 13: Ores and Raw Materials]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
(Reaffirmed 2003)
 IS : 11896- 1986
( Suaerseding IS : 54839

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF
APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY, TRUE SPECIFIC
GRAVITY AND APPARENT POROSITY 0~
IRON ORE LUMPS AND SINTERS

Ores and Raw Materials Sectional Committee, SMDC 16

Chairman Representing
SHRI L. D. SAMANT Chowgule and Co Pvt Ltd, Mormugao Harbour
Members
SHRI V. K. AGARWAL Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd,
Renukoot
SHRI M. 1. ANSARI Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR ),
Bhubaneshwar
SHRI B. K. BASU M. N. Dastur and Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI D. PAL ( Alternate )
SHRI S. BARPANDA National Minerals Development Corporation
Ltd., Hyderabad
SHRI A. BISWAS R. V. Brlggs and Co (P) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI D. P. DE ( Alternate )
DR AMIT CHATTERJEE fpitata Sponge Iron Ltd, Jamshedpur
SHRI A. DAS The Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
SHRI B. N. SINGA ( AIternate )
SHRI S. Y. GHORPADB The Sandur Manganese and Iron Ores Ltd,
Yeshwantnagar; and The Indian Ferro
Alloy Producers Association, Bombay
SHRI D. GHOSH Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI K. RAMACHANDRAN( Alternate )
SHRI K. N. GUPTA National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ),
Jamshedour
SHRI K. S. MANI Mineral Deveiopment Board, New Delhi
SHRI A. K. SURI ( Alternate)
SHRI R.V. S. MANI The Institute of Indian Foundrymen.- I Calcutta
SHRI DIPANKAR GHOSH ( Alternate )
SHRI MANJIT SINGH SAIL ( Bokaro Steel Plant ), Bokaro
SHRI M. P. SINGH (Alternate)
SHRI R. C. MEHRA The Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation
of India Ltd, New Delhi
DR P. C. CHATURVEDI( Alternate )
SHRI M. N. MITRA Mitra S. K. Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI R. N. BANERIEE(Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )
@I Copyright 1987
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under theIndian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
( Continued from page 1 )
Members ‘Rz?pr&enting
DR S. G. NENE Bharat Aluminium Co Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI.%. ~.‘NAIR ( ,4&efnare )
DR N. PRAS~ SAIL (Research and ‘Development Centre for
Irti an& Wxzl.>, -Ran&i
DR T. M. SRWW~AN (Alfernate )
SHRI L. V. RAWWRRAJAN SAIL-(,+Durgapur Steel Plant 3, Dnrgapur
SHRI S. S. BBwk3 ( Wltefnkzte )
SHRI D. V. RAO ‘Kudretuukh ‘Iron-Ore Co Ltd, ‘Bangalore
Sam G. K. SHAH Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation
Ltd. -
SHRI S. V. JHALA ( Alternate )
SHRI B.‘M. SOW Naiietial Test H*use,‘%%kWta
SHRI T. K. Durr~ ( Alternate ),
SHRI N. SUBRAMAMAM SAIL ( Bhilai Steel Plant ), ‘Rhilai
&XI&IB. V. &H&WA (Alternate )
SI-IRI N. N. SUBRAHMANYAN Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur
SHRI K. SATYANARAYANA( Alternate )
SHRI 1. TAL%AR *SklL.( Indian Iron and St4 Co?), Calcutta
SHRI M. M. CHAKRAVART~( AItetnste )
SHRI~U. c. TmvAiU MetaUuPgical and Engineering CaiQauibaatr
( India ) Ltd, Ranchi
SHIH‘S. K. I%NDaL ( AfteFndte~)
SHRI S. D. VARANGAONKAR SAIL ( Rourkela Steel Plant ), Rourkcla
SHRI A. ‘B. 8IWA6TAvA ( ti&ti#zUte’)
DR T. V. VISWANATHAN Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
SHRI K..RAQHYENEXUN, Diraotor”Genera1, BIS ( Ex-o#‘icio ikferrrber )
Director (Strut & Met )
Secretary
SHRI S. K. GUAVA
Deputy Director ( Metals ), BTS

Physical Tests of Iron Ore Subcoxxxnittee,,SMDC 16 : 4

Convener
DR AMIT CHARERJEE Ipitata Sponge Iron Ltd, Jamshedpur
Members
SHRI D. B. ASTHANA National Mineral Development Corporation
Ltd, Hyderabad
SHRI J. BANERJEE SAIL Durgapur Steel Plant, Durgapur
SHRI S. S. BISWR~ ( Alternate >
SHRI A. DAS SAIL ( Indian Iron and Steel Co ), Burnpur
SHRI A. K. DAS The Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd. Jamshedpur
DR M. P. DEWANGAN Kudremukh Iron Ore Co Ltd, Bangalore
SHRI N. B. GUDE Chowgule and Co Private Ltd, Mormugao
Harbour
SHRI D. PAuIGA ( Alternate )
SHRI K. N. GUPTA National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ).
Jamshedpur
( Continued on page 7 )
2
 Indian Standard
METHOD FOR DETERhlJNAT~OW QF
APPARENT SBKIF%C GRAVITY, ‘kRU@ SPECIFZC
GRAVITY AND APPARENT POROSITY OF
IRON ORE LUMPS AND SINTER4

0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institu-
tion on 25 November 1986, after the draft finalized by Ores and Raw
Materials Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and
Metals Division, Council.
0.2 In recent years there has been a wide interest in assessing the quality
of blast furnace burden and, as such, the conditions are being laid down
to ensure requisite characteristics in the quality of raw materials. Appa-
rent porosity of iron ore lumps and sinters is one of the important
characteristic and this standard has been prepared for rationalizing the
methods used for determining apparent specific gravity and true specific
gravity for the determination of apparent porosity. The methods
described here are equally valid for other minerals and may be applied
when need arises.
0.3 IS : 5483-1969* covered the method of determination of specific
gravity of iron ores, pellets and sinters. Since apparent specific gravity,
true specific gravity and apparent porosity are the characteristics which
are more realistic for ascertaining the quality of blast furnace burden,
etc, the committee decided to publish a separate standard for the deter-
mination of these characteristics. A ccordingly, IS : 11348-1985t was
published for the methcds of determination of these characteristics of
iron ore pellets.
0.3.1 With the publicaticn of IS : 11348-1985t and this standard,
IS : 5483-1969* will stand superseded.
0.4 In reportirg the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with
this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960$.

*Method for determination of specific gravity of iron ores, pellets and sinters.
tMethod for measuring the apparent specific gravity and the porosity of iron
ore pellets.
JRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3
IS :11896;1986

1. SCOPE
1.1This standard prescribes the method for the determination of appa-
rent porosity of iron ore lumps and sinters by the methods used for
determining apparent and true specific gravity of iron ore.

2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall
apply.
2.1 Apparent Specific Gravity - The ratio of the mass of iron ore sample
to its apparent solid material volume.
NOTE- Sample is used, refers to iron ore lump or sinler.
2.1.1 Apparent Solid Volume - The volume of the iron ore sample
plus the volume of the sealed pores of iron ore sample.
2.2 True Specific Gravity - The ratio of the mass of iron ore sample to
its true volume.
2.2.1True Vohme - The volume of the solid material of an iron ore
sample.
2.3 Apparent Porosity - The ratio of the volume of the open pores to
the bulk volume, expressed as a percentage.
2.3.1 Bulk Volume - The volume of the solid material plus the
volume of the sealed and open pores of the iron ore sample.

3. TEST APPARATUS
3.1Glassware
a) Specific gravity bottle ( 50 ml >,
b) 500-ml beaker, and
c) Water bath.
3.2Balance - A laboratory balance having sensitiviy of 0’001 g.

4. TEST SAMPLE
4.1 The sample shall be representative of the material and shall be taken
in accordance with the procedure specified in IS : 1405-1982* and
IS : 11607-19867.

*Methods of sampling iron ores ( second revision ).

tMethods of sampling iron ore sinters.

4
 IS:l1896- 19%

4.2 The size of the sample shall be 1 mm to 2 mm for the determination

of apparent specific gravity and 45 pm for the determination of true
specific gravity.
.
5. PROCEDURE
5.1 Apparent Specific Gravity - The test shall be carried out according
to the following procedure.
5.1.1 Find out the mass of the empty specific gravity bottle (MI) and
filled with distilled water up to the mark (M2). Transfer about 5 g of
sample previously dried at 108 j, 3°C ( 1-2 mm size ) to the empty
specific gravity bottle ( if necessary dried ) and weigh (MS). Fill up
distilled water up to the same mark and weigh (M,).
5.1.2 Calculation - Obtain the apparent specific gravity (S,) up to the
third decimal place from the following formula:
MS - MI
Apparent specific gravity S, = M _ M
4 2

In case the apparent density is required, S, has to be multiplied by

the specific gravity of distilled water at 20°C.
5.2 True Specific Gravity - The test shall be carried out according to
the following procedure.
5.2.1 Find out the mass of the empty specific gravity bottle (Mb) and
transfer about 20 g of sample previously dried at 108 + 3°C ( 45 pm ) to
the empty specific gravity bott!e and wiegh (M,). Add sufficient benzene
to cover the sample and boil in a water bath by applying suction through
a standard water tap for 20 minutes. Cool to 20°C and top up benzene
up to the mark. Weigh the total content (M,). Empty the bottle
completely, rinse the bottle with benzene, fill it up with fresh benzene
up to mark and weight (M,).

5.2.2 Obtain the true specific gravity (S,) up to three decimal from the
following formula:
True specific gravity
(S ) = ( M6 - M5 ) x Sp gr of benzene at 20°C
2
( MS - M5 ) - ( MT - Me )
= ( Me - M5 ) X Sp gr of benzene at 20°C
MS f Ma - MC, - MY
= ( M6 - ME, ) x Value of Sp gr of benzene
MC, -k Me, - MS - My

5
 In case the true density is required, use the density of ‘benzene in-
stead of specific gravity in the above formula.
Nom- Benzol, xylene or toluene may also be used in place of benzene.
In the case of ores containing moisture, use of xylene or toluene IS recotimended.

5.3 Apparent Porosity

53.m Caktnlation - Obtain the apparent porosity (P) percent from the
following formula significant up to the first decimal place:
p = 4 s_Sl
z
6. NUMBER CW TEST AND PERMfSSlBLE TCMJCRNCES
6.1 Duplicate tests shall be carried out on each sample of lump ore or
sinter for apparent specific gravity 8s weI. as true specific gravity. If
the difference between the two values falls within permissible tolerances
given in 6.2 for both, the mean value shall be reported. If the difference
exceeds this permissible tolerance, another set of duplicate test shall be
conducted. If neither set of duplicate tests confirms to the permissible
tolerance, all four values shall be individually reported and their average
taken.
4.2 Permissible Tolerance - The difference between the two values in
each set of duplicate tests shall fall within the permissible tolerances
given below:
Lump ore 0’01
Sinter 0.03

6
( Continued from page 2 )
Members Representing
SHRI S. K. MANDAL Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants
( India ) ‘Ltd, ,Ranchi
SHRI M. N. MITRA Mitra S. K. Private Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI R. N. BANERIEE( Alternate )
SARI V. L. N. MLJRTHY . Sponge Iron India Ltd. Paloncha
SHRI S. B. RANADE SAIL ( Bokaro Steel Plant ), Bokaro
DR T. M. SHRINIVASAN SAILRinR$ D Centre for Iron and Steel ),
SHRI P. K. SENGUPTA( Afternate )
SHRI N. N. SUBRAHMANYUM Indian Bureau of Wines, NaeEpur
SHRI K. SA~YANARAYAMA (Afternate)
SHRI T. A. SUBRAMANIAM SAIL ( Rourkela Steel Plant ), -Rowkcla

7
JNTERNATgO&4L SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS 1

Base Units
Quantify .. Unit Symbol
Length metre m
Mass . kilogram kg
Time second S

Electric current ampere A

Thermodynamic . keivin ‘K
temperature
Luminous intensity candela cd
Amount of substance mole mol

Supplementary Units
Quantity Unit Symbcl
Plane angle radian rad
Solid angle steradian sr

Derived Units

Quantity Unit Symbol Definition

Force newton N 1N = 1 kg.m/sa
Energy joule J 1J = 1 N.m
Power watt W 1w = 1 J/s
Flux weber Wb 1 Wb = 1 v.s
Flux density tesla T 1T = 1 WbJm’
Frequency hertz Hz 1 Hz = 1 c/s@-‘)
Electric conductance siemens S 1s = 1 A/V
Electromotive force volt V 1v = 1 W/A
Pressure, stress Pascal Pa 1 Pa = 1 N/ma