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IS 6495 (1984): Method of Tumbler Test for Iron Oxides:

Lump Ores, Sinter and Pellets [MTD 13: Ores and Raw
Materials]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
(Reaffirmed 2003)
 IS : 6495 - 1984

Indian Standard
METHOD OF
TUMBLER TEST FOR IRON OXIDES:
LUMP ORES, SINTER AND PELLETS

( First Revision )
Ores and Raw Materials Sectional Committee, SMDC 16

Chairman Reprcrenting
SHRI L. D. SAMANT Chowgule & Co Pvt Ltd, Mormugao Harbour, Goa

Mmnbcrs
SHRI V. K. A~RAWAL Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd, Renukoot
SHRI S. V. BHA~WAT The Indian Ferro Alloy Producers Association,
Bombay
SHRI A. BISWAEI R. V. Briggs & Co ( P ) Ltd, Calcutta
SRRI K. P. DE ( Altsrnatc )
DR ATUITCHATTERJEE Ipitata Sponge Iron Ltd, Jamshedpur
DIRECTOR ( CENTRAL PETROLOQY Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
DIVISON )
SHRI S. Y. GHORPADE The Sandur Manganese & Iron Ores Ltd,
Yeswantnagar
SHRI V. K. KALIA ( Altcrnatu )
SHRI K. N. GUPTA National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ),
Jamshedpur
SERI V. K. LAXSHMANAN The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
SRRI B, N. SINQH ( Alternatr )
SHRI MANJIT SINGE Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant ),
Bokaro
SHRI M. P. SINHA ( Alternate )
SHRI R. C. MEHRA The Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of
India Ltd, New Delhi
DR S. M. REQE ( Alternate )
SHRI A. K. MITRA Mitra S. K. Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI M. N. MITRA ( Alternate )
SHRI M. M. MOUDQILL Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI K. RAMACRANDRAN ( Alternate )
SHRI N. K. MUKHERJEE Mineral Development Board, New Delhi
SHRI K. S. MANI ( Alternate )

( Continned on page 2 )

@ Copyright 1984
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the In&n CopvtigAf Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
 I

IS:6495 -1984

( Continued from page 1 )

Members Reprerenting
DR K.S. NARASrMRAN Regional Research Laboratary,Bhubaneswar
SHRI M. I. ANSARI ( Alternate )
DR S. G. NENE Bharat Aluminium Co Ltd, New Delhi
SI~RI K. B. Narn ( Alternate )
DR N. PRASAL) Steel Authority of India Ltd, R&D Centre, Ranchi
DR T. M. S~INIVASAN ( Alternate j
SI~RI G. S. RAMAKRISHNA RAO National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd,
Hyderabad
SHRI S. B.\RPANDA ( Alternate )
SHRIG.V.U.RAO Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay
SHRI N. K. Rno ( Alternate )
SHRI K.V. RAO Kudremukh Iron Ore Co Ltd, Bangalore
SHRI A. K. SAHA National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI A. K. DUTTA GUPTA ( Alternate )
SRRI D. K. SENGUPTA M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI D. S. BASU ( Alternate )
SHI~I C. K. SHAH Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Ltd,
Ahmadabad
SRRI S. V. JJIALA ( Alternate )
SHRI D. K. SOOD Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bhilali Steel Plant ),
Bhilai
SHRI N. N. SUBRAIZMANYAN Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur
SHRI K. SATYANARAYANA ( Alternate )
SHRI T. TALWAR Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur
6~ M. M. CHAKRAVARTY ( Alternate )
SHRI U. C. TIWARI Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants ( India)
Ltd, Ranchi
SHRT S. K. MANDAL ( Alternate )
SHRI P. S. VENKATACIIALAPATHY Engineering & Mineral Industrial Research
Laboratorv. Banaalore
SHRI P. S. V. ANANTNARAY.WA ( Alternate ) ’ ’ -
SHRI K. RWRAVSNDRAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member )
Director ( Strut & Met 1
Secretary
SRRI S. K. GUPTA
Deputy Director ( Metals ), IS1

Physical Tests of Iron Ore, SMDC 16 : 4

Concener
DR AMIT CHATTEP.JEE Ipitata Sponge Iron Ltd, Jamshedpur

Members
SHRI D. B. ASTHANA National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd,
Hyderabad
SHRI A. DAS Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur
SHRI R. A. SRI~~ANNARAYAN Das Visveswarya Iron & Steel Ltd, Bhadravati
SHRI K. JAGANATHA RAO ( Alternate )
( Continued on page 8 )

2
 IS:6495-1984

Indian Standard
METHOD OF
TUMBLER TEST FOR IRON OXIDES:
LUMP ORES, SINTER AND PELLETS

( First Revision )

0. FOREWORD I
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopt.ed by the Indian
Standards Institution on 15 February 1984, after the draft finalized by
the Ores and Raw Materials Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Structural and Metals Division Council.

0.2 Tumbler test provides a measure of the resistance of iron oxides:

lump ores, sinter and pellets to breakage or degradation by impact and
abrasion.

0.3 This standard was first published in 1972. In this revision, changes
have been made in the size range and mass of the sample, so as to bring
it in line with international standards.

0.4 In the’preparation of this standard assistance has been derived from

IS0 DIS/3271-1983 Iron ores - Determination of tumbler strength,
prepared by the International Organization for Standardization ( IS0 ).

0.5 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with

this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.
t

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes the method of tumbler test for the deter-
mination of resistance of iron oxides: lump ore, sinter and pellets to
degradation by impact and abrasion.

*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rtwised).

3
IS : 6495 - 1984

2. PRINCIPLE OF TEST

2.1 The test consists of placing the test sample in a standard tumbler
drum and rotating it after tightly closing the door. After the specified
number of revolutions, the sample is removed and screened by means of
standard sieves. The individual size fractions are weighed. From the
masses of different size fractions obtained after sieving the tumbler and
abrasion indices are calculated.

3. TERMINOLOGY

3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall
apply.
3.1 Tumbler Index - The turnbIer index is a relative measure of the
resistance of the material to breakage or degradation by impact.
3.2 Abrasion Index - The abrasion index is a relative measure of
the degradation of the material by abrasion. i
i
4. TEST SAMPLE i

4.1 Gross Sample - The gross sample taken for the determination of
tumbler strength of a lot or part of a lot shall be in accordance
with IS : 1405-1982* or IS : 9101-1979t.
4.2 Preparation of Sample - The reduced sample shall be taken
from the gross sample and oven dried at 105 & 5°C. The sample shall
be allowed to cool to room temperature before performing the test.
4.2.1 1rofl Ore Lump and Sinter - The reduced sample shall be sufficient
to obtain at least 100 kg of sinter or sized iron ore that will pass a 40 mm
sieve and be retained on a 10 mm sieve. The reduced sample shall
be separated into three fractions by screening through 25 mm, 16 mm and
10 mm sieves. From the materials on three sieves, the final sampIe
of 15 + 0.15 kg shall be prepared by taking proportionate mass of
material from each sieve. The mass of the different fractions shall be
recorded.
c
4.2.2 Pellets - The reduced sample shall be sufficient to obtain at
least 100 kg of pellets that shall pass 40 mm sieve. The sample so
obtained shall be separated into fractions by screening successively
through 16 mm, 9 mm and 6.3 mm sieves. The final sample of
15 -fi 0.15 kg shall be prepared by proportional mass of materials from
each sieve. The mass of different fractions shall be recorded.

*Methods of sampling iron ore ( secondreuision).

TMethods of sampling iron ore pellets.

.
___._.
 IS : 6495 - 1984

5. TEST APPARATUS

5.1 Tumbler Rotating Drum ( Fig. 1 ) - It shall consist of a circular

drum of 1 000 mm inside diameter and 500 mm inside length and shall
be constructed of steel plate at least 5 mm in thickness. The drum shall be
replaced whenever the thickness of the plate is reduced by wear to 3 mm
in any area. Two equally spaced steel angle lifters 50 x 50 x 5 mm
shall be solidly attached longitudinally over the entire length of the inner
side of the drum by riveting in such a manner as to prevent accumula-
tion of material between the lifter and the drum, One of the lifters shall
be attached to the door for ease of sample removal. The other shall be
) positioned 180 degrees from the first. The lifters should be fastened so
that the attached legs point towards the axis of the drum and away
from the direction of rotation, thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf
for lifting the sample. The lifters shall be replaced when the wear is
such that the shelf measures less than 47 mm. The door should be so
constructed as to fit into the drum to form a smooth continuous inner
surface with the shell of the drum without having any gap between
them and during the test shall be rigidly fastened to prevent loss of the
sample. The drum should be rotated on stub axles attached to the ends
of the drum by means of flanges, welded so as to provide smooth inner
surfaces. The apparatus shall be fitted with a revolution counter and
with an automatic device to stop the drum after predetermined number
of revolutions. The apparatus shall be powered with a minimum of
1.5 kW so as to ensure the drum attains full uniform speed in one revolu-
tion, rotates uniformly, and stops within one revolution. The height
of the drum axis shall not be more than 700 mm from the floor or the
receiving container, to avoid any appreciable degradation of the sample
during taking out the sample after thetest due to excessive height of drop.
5.2 Sieves - Square mesh sieves or plates having the following
designations shall be used:
40 mm, 25 mm, 16 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 6.3 mm, and 500 pm.
I
5.3 Scales - Three scales, one commercial type having a capacity of
100 kg, another having a capacity of 20 kg and the third having a
I capacity of 1 kg, each with a sensitivity of l/l 000 or better, shall be
used for weighing.
5.4 Riffle - For pellets having particle size up to 30 mm, richer divider
having an opening of 60 mm shall be used.

6. TEST PROCEDURE

6.1 The test sample shall be placed into the tumbler drum and the door
fitted tightly. The drum shall then be rotated at 25 & 1 rpm for a total
0f 200 revolutions. All the materials shall then be gently removed from

5
IS : 6495 - 1984

the drum by slowly opening the door and sieved on 6.3 mm and 500 pm
sieves and the mass of the fractions retained on 6.3 mm sieve and
that retained on and passing through 500 pm sieve shall be determined.

p-5.00 mm---j

-STUBAXLE

PLATE NOT LESS

THAN 5mm THICK

FRONT VIEW WITHOUT DOOR SIDE VIEW

FIG. 1 TUMBLER TEST APPARATUS

7. RECORD
7.1 The sieve analysis after the test shall be reported to the nearest 0.1
percent, as the percent retained on the 6.3 mm sieve and the percent
retained on and the percent passing through 500 pm sieve.
NOTE- The report of results shall mention the sampling point of the sample
tested. Since degradation and the degree of stabilization definitely depends on the
construction characteristics of the installations, the results obtained by two different
works are not necessarily comparable.

8. CALCULATIONS
8.1 The tumbler index (I) and the abrasion index (A) shall be calculat-
ed to the first decimal by rounding off the second decimal in accordance
with the following formulae:

z- = -!2. x 100
m
m-_(ml+m2)
A= x 100
m

where
m = mass of the sample before test,
6
 IS : 6495 - 1984

ml = mass of the sample retained on 6.3 mm sieve after

the test,
ma = mass of the sample passing through 6.3 mm and retained
on 500 pm sieves after the test.

‘9. NUMBER OF TESTS AND PERMISSIBLE TOLERANCES

9.1 Number of Tests

9.1.1 A duplicate test shall be made on each sample of iron ore lump,
sinter and pellets. If the difference between the paired values falls
within the permissible tolerance given in 9.2 the mean value shall be
reported.

9.1.2 If the difference between the first paired values exceeds the per-
missible tolerance, another duplicate test shall be made. If neither dupli-
cate test conforms to the permissible tolerance, all values shall be
individually reported and the four values shall be averaged.

9.2 Permissible Tolerance - The difference between the two values

,of the duplicate test shall fall within the permissible tolerance given in
Table 1.

TABLE 1 PERMISSIBLE TOLERANCE IN ABSOLUTE PERCENT

Tunuxmz STRENGTH TOLERKWEINPEROENT,

ABSOLUTE

Tumbler index ( T ), percent ( +6.3 mm ) 1.4

Abrasion index ( A ), percent ( - 500 ym ) O-8

9.3 Permissible Mass Loss - The difference between the initial mass
of the sample and the total of the fraction masses shall not exceed 1.0
percent of the initial sample mass. If this difference exceeds 1’0 percent,
the test shall be rejected.
IS : 6495 - 1984

ffwn page2 )
( conrinud

Members Representing
Da M. P. DEWANOAN Kudremukh Iron Ore Co Ltd, Malleswara,
Chikmaglur
SHRI D. B. GHOSH Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
SHRI N. B. GUDE Chowgule & Co Pvt Ltd, Mormugao Harbour
SHRI A. DESOUZA ( Altrrnate )
SRRI K. N. GUPTA National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur
SHRI N. JANKIRAIAN Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant ),
Bokaro
SHRI V. K. LAKSHMANAN The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
SHRI B. N. SINQH ( Alternute )
SHPI_S. K_ MANDAL . _. MECON Ltd, Ranchi
SERI VINOD KUMAR ( Alternate )
SERI A. K. MITRA Mitra S. K. Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI M. N. MITRA ( Alternate)
SHRI V. L. N. MURTHY Sponge Iron India Ltd, Paloucha
SERI V. M. DAPATARDAR ( Alternote )
DR T. M. SRINIVASAN Steeka;2$ority of India Ltd ( R&D Centre ),

SEKRIP. K. SENWPTA ( Alternate )

SFIFZIT. A. SOBRAXANIAM Steel Authority of India Ltd (Rourkela Steel
Plant ), Rourkela
SHRI N. N. SUBRAHMANY~ Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur
-.
SERI K. SATYANARAYANA ( AIternute )
Saar P. S. VENKATAOHALPATHY The Engineering & Mineral Industrial Research
Laboratory, Bangalore
SHRI P. S. V. ANANTANAKAYAN ( Alternate )