Neuroscience and Music

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Neuroscience and music

It has been proved that listening to music affects the brain and the cognitive functions of it, that

music influences a great part of our life and that music has an almost magic healing power and

therefore it is used as a therapy to heal certain type of illnesses. Many studies have been

conducted and their outcome is that music is strictly related to the mental functions. In addition,

as the article “Cognitive Neuroscience of Music” by Petr Janata explains, “The organization of

Music in the brain is associated with certain brain areas, in the same way that language functions

are associated with other brain areas.” This means that music too enters in the category of the

cognitive functions and has a specific area where it resides. We learn that cognitive functions are

7 and they are: Language, perception, memory, action, attention, emotion and music. Having

said that, we shall take into account that the organization of music data may interfere with all of

the aforementioned functions or domains, but it clearly has separate neural substrates where it

acts. Indeed, for example, there have been situations in which patients that suffered of a brain

damage due to an accident lost their ability to speak (language function) but didn’t lose the

ability of understanding and recognizing music; or again other instances where patients lost their

ability to retain information (memory function) but didn’t lose the ability to remember a tune and

just simply recognizing a series of notes. It is possible that music engages all of the cognitive

functions altogether and this is the case of Music Performance. From a performer’s stand point

where he/ she is actively involved in producing sounds and not just sitting around and passively

listening, we learn that all the functions are called in and cooperate in their own different brain

areas where they reside: attention to not commit mistakes, perception of sound, memory of the

notes and musical ideas, language if there are lyrics, “covert action, such as mental imagery”

(Cognitive Neuroscience of Music) by Petr Janata. Lastly and perhaps the most meaningful and
essential side is emotions. Emotions are always involved when music is played or listened to

since it is exactly the receipt of the musical message that is conveyed, stored and cause of

feelings.

Many researchers pointed out that music has a huge influence on our motivation, confidence and

mental – physical health. For example, music serves as a stimulant in many instances: at the gym

when we focus our energy on a specific part of the body , we get “pumped up” by the music in

the background and the training quality enhances; again when we work with the laptop or do

homework we may experience a lack of attention and listening to some music could recharge our

focus; it serves as great aid when it comes to heal illnesses such as anxiety and depression.

Relaxing tunes are capable of producing hormones and dopamine in the brain and therefore re

establishing a certain balance and treating those pathologies. It has been documented that

soothing classical music helps with the insomnia: this is the genesis of the Goldberg Variations

by J.S.Bach. This piece was composed to please the dream of Count Kaiserling who, could not

fall asleep for he had a high degree of insomnia. The legend says that bach composed this busy

to put him to sleep and it worked. Of course this is more like a myth than documented, but it has

been ascertained that music improves sleep quality.

Classical music is recommended to be played for babies both in their sleep because it lullabies

them and also, when they are active and awake, listening to music inspires them to develop

cognitive functions as well as sharpens their senses, gaining more sensitivity and ultimately

learning how to be more creative and how to proper listen to human beings.

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