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COAL MINING MONITORING
AND ALARM SYSTEM

Group - 2
HARSHITHA - 19BD1A1007
ANUSRI - 19BD1A1025
TANISHA - 19BD1A1052
RAKESH - 20BD5A1004
CONTENTS
01 ABSTRACT 08 ADVANTAGES
02 BLOCK DIAGRAM 09 DISADVANTAGES
03 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 10 FUTURE SCOPE
04 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 11 CONCLUSION
05 SOFTWARE REQUIRED 12 REFERENCES
06 WORKING
07 RESULT
ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IOT) based systems have revolutionized the way real world
systems are inter-connected through internet. At present the application of IOT
based systems is extend to real time detection and warning system. Fires are one of
the most widespread cause of deaths by accident. Instant alerting to the fire
department is necessary to ensure immediate action.
So here we propose an IOT base fire department alert system using firebase that
instantly and automatically alerts the fire department and informs about the
situation so that immediate action can be taken in coal mines. The system uses
sensor to efficiently detect fires and alert fire department over IOT.We use sensors
which are integrated with ESP32 which is connected to Firebase. We develop an
Android app where the details will be displayed to the fire department about the
situations in coal mines.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Buzzer
Transmitter side
Receiver side
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS
ESP 32
ESP32 is a low-cost System on Chip (SoC) Microcontroller
from Espressif Systems, the developers of the famous
ESP8266 SoC. It is a successor to ESP8266 SoC and comes
in both single-core and dual-core variations of the
Tensilica’s 32-bit Xtensa LX6 Microprocessor with
integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
MQ2
MQ2 gas sensor is an electronic sensor used for sensing

the concentration of gases in the air such as LPG,
propane, methane, hydrogen, alcohol, smoke and carbon
monoxide.
COMPONENTS
DHT 22
DHT22 is a highly accurate humidity and temperature
sensor. This sensor measures relative humidity values. It
uses the capacitive sensor element to measure Humidity.
For measuring temperature it uses NTC thermistor. This
sensor can be used in harsh conditions also. It is available
as a sensor as well as Module.
This vibration sensor module mainly includes a sensor

Vibrational Sensor
called the SW-420. This sensor is activated by opening
and closing the electrical contact. In the absence of
vibrations, this electrical contact is in a closed state.
Also, when there is a vibration, the electrical contact
opens and the resistance level rises.
COMPONENTS
Buzzer
The main function of buzzer is to convert the signal from

audio to sound. It is powered through DC voltage and used
in timers, alarm devices, printers, alarms, computers, etc.
A typical I2C LCD display consists of an HD44780-based LCD

character LCD display and an I2C LCD adapter. Let’s
learn more about them.
As the name suggests, these LCDs are ideal for
displaying only characters. A 16×2 character LCD, for
example, can display 32 ASCII characters across two
rows.
SOFTWARE
Arduino IDE
The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used
to write and upload code to the Arduino boards. The IDE
application is suitable for different operating systems such
as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It supports the
programming languages C and C++. Here, IDE stands for
Integrated Development Environment.
Firebase is a product of Google which helps developers

Firebase
to build, manage, and grow their apps easily. It helps
developers to build their apps faster and in a more
secure way. No programming is required on the firebase
side which makes it easy to use its features more
efficiently.
SOFTWARE
Kodular
Kodular is a free online suite for mobile apps development.

It mainly provides an online drag-and-drop Android app
creator, on which everyone can create any kind of app
without programming a single line of code.
WORKING
Power supply is given to both the ESP32's and further the sender
side ESP32 is connected to all the sensors for the sensing of the
physical parameters and when the values sensed exceed nominal
values the buzzer is turned ON to alert the people working at the
coal mine.
The receiver side ESP32 is connected to the LCD Display and the
data received through the transmission using MAC Address is
further sent to the firebase and displayed on the application
interface.
RESULT
RESULT
RESULT
ADVANTAGES
Increased Safety: Coal mining monitoring and alarm systems can help detect potential
safety hazards, such as gas leaks.
Real-time monitoring: The system provides real-time monitoring of critical parameters,
enabling prompt detection and response to any abnormalities or emergencies, reducing
downtime and minimizing losses.
Environmental protection: Coal mining monitoring and alarm systems can monitor and
manage environmental parameters, such as air quality, water quality, and noise levels.
Cost savings: The system can help prevent equipment failures, accidents, and production
delays, resulting in cost savings by reducing repair and replacement costs, insurance claims,
and legal liabilities.
DISADVANTAGES
Initial costs: Implementing a coal mining monitoring and alarm system may require significant
upfront costs for installation, equipment, and software.
Maintenance and ongoing costs: The system may require regular maintenance, updates, and
ongoing costs for monitoring, analysis, and software licenses, adding to the overall operational
expenses.
Technical challenges: Coal mining environments can be harsh and challenging, with dust,
moisture, and extreme temperatures, which may pose technical challenges for the reliability and
accuracy of monitoring equipment and sensors.
False alarms: The system may generate false alarms or notifications, leading to unnecessary
disruptions or evacuations, and potentially reducing the trust and effectiveness of the system.
FUTURE SCOPE
Advanced automation: Future coal mining monitoring and alarm systems may incorporate advanced
automation technologies, such as autonomous mining equipment, drones, and robotic systems, to
enhance safety, efficiency, and productivity.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML technologies can be leveraged to
analyze vast amounts of data from monitoring systems, enabling predictive analytics, anomaly detection,
and decision support for optimized mining operations and safety management.
Internet of Things (IoT) integration: IoT can enable seamless connectivity and data exchange among
various mining equipment, sensors, and systems, allowing for real-time monitoring, analysis, and control
of mining operations.
Wearable technologies: Future monitoring and alarm systems may incorporate wearable devices, such
as smart helmets or vests, with built-in sensors to monitor vital signs, location, and activity of miners,
providing real-time safety alerts and improving situational awareness.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): AR and VR technologies can be used for training,
simulation, and visualization of mining operations, allowing for immersive and interactive training
experiences, virtual inspections, and remote monitoring.
CONCLUSION
The system's results showed that the monitoring and alarm system was effective
in detecting potential hazards, providing real-time alerts to workers and improving
overall safety in the coal mine. The system's accuracy was also validated through
rigorous testing and simulation in a controlled environment.
In conclusion, the coal mine monitoring and alarm system project was successful
in achieving its objectives, improving safety in the mining environment and
providing a valuable tool for workers to monitor potential hazards in real-time.
REFERENCES
Y. Shi, J. Chen, J. Hao, J. Bi, M. Qi and X. Wang, "Statistical Analysis of Coal Mine
Accidents of China in 2018," 2019 Prognostics and System Health Management
Conference (PHM-Qingdao), (2019).
Ericsson, M., Löf, O. Mining's contribution to national economies between 1996 and
2016.
Hong Chen, Hui Qi, Ruyin Long, Maolong Zhang, Research on 10-year tendency of
China coal mine accidents and the characteristics of human factors, Safety
Science, Volume 50, Issue 4, (2012).
Hebblewhite, Bruce. (2009). Mine safety–through appropriate combination of
technology and management practice. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science. 1. 13-
19. 10.1016/j.proeps.2009.09.005, (2009)
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COAL MINING MONITORING

AND ALARM SYSTEM

02 BLOCK DIAGRAM 09 DISADVANTAGES

03 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 10 FUTURE SCOPE

04 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 11 CONCLUSION

05 SOFTWARE REQUIRED 12 REFERENCES

MQ2 gas sensor is an electronic sensor used for sensing

This vibration sensor module mainly includes a sensor

The main function of buzzer is to convert the signal from

A typical I2C LCD display consists of an HD44780-based LCD

Firebase is a product of Google which helps developers

Kodular is a free online suite for mobile apps development.

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