EFFECTIVENESS OF IPIL-IPIL LEAVES (Leucaena leucocephala) EXTRACT AS

ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR OKRA PLANTS

A Research Study Presented by

CZARLENE F. DE GUZMAN
SABRINA EHRA I. GO
SECRET
Grade 10-Einstein

In Partial Fulfillment in Research II.

Aurora National Science High School

Brgy. Buhangin Baler, Aurora

S.Y. 2022-2023
 INTRODUCTION

Rationale
 Okra, scientifically known as Abelmoschus esculentus, is a warm-season

vegetable plant that bears elongated green pods. 1 Its nutritional value cannot be

overlooked. It is rich in dietary fiber, essential vitamins (A, C, K, B6, and folic acid),

and vital minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Furthermore, it contains

antioxidants such as flavonoids and polyphenols2. Beyond its health benefits, okra has

a prominent place in culinary traditions worldwide. Okra's unique texture and ability

to thicken dishes make it a popular addition to many regional cuisines 3. These plants

rely on the application of fertilizers, commonly synthetic ones. Many believe that the

root of nitrogen pollution lies in synthetic fertilizers. It is thought that, because

synthetic fertilizers are the biggest contributor to this problem, its use should be

radically limited and completely eliminated from the food system. Synthetic fertilizers

contribute to the Earth's degradation in many ways. These products emit greenhouse

gases which make nitrogen pollution the main problem. Moreover, they also kill

marine life once washed into rivers and causing algal blooms 4. Excessive chemical

composition found in these inorganic fertilizers results in negative impact to soil

fertility.5 Additionally, it is known that eating crops grown with inorganic fertilizers
1 “Canning of Vegetables.” 2016. In Elsevier EBooks, 3–84.
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-85709-679-1.00001-5.

2 Gemede, Habtamu Fekadu, Gulelat Desse Haki, Fekadu Beyene, Ashagrie Zewdu,
and Sudip Kumar Rakshit. 2015. “Proximate, Mineral, and Antinutrient
Compositions of Indigenous Okra ( Abelmoschus Esculentus ) Pod Accessions:
Implications for Mineral Bioavailability.” Food Science and Nutrition 4 (2): 223–33.
https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.282.

3 Kumar, Ashok, Praveen Kumar, and Ramarao Nadendla. "A review on: Abelmoschus
esculentus (Okra)." International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied
Sciences 3, no. 4 (2013): 129-132.

4 The Breakthrough Institute. “The Environmental Case for Synthetic Fertilizer.” The
Breakthrough Institute, September 13, 2021. https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/food-
agriculture-environment/synthetic-fertilizer-infographic.
5 Schill, Jerry. “Reasons to Reduce Synthetic Fertilizer Use | Schill Grounds
Management.” Schill Grounds Management (blog), October 28, 2022.
https://www.schilllandscaping.com/blog/reasons-reduce-synthetic-fertilizer-use.
are less nutritious. After all, synthetic fertilizers primarily target rapid plant growth

rather than their nutritional value.6 Moving on from the Earth and on to the humans

themselves, chemically produced fertilizers impose just as many risks to human

health. These products commonly contain lead, mercury, cadmium and uranium which

might have a negative effect on the kidneys, liver or lungs.7

The researchers found a viable solution, that being organic fertilizers. Organic

fertilizers, unlike the latter mentioned, have a lot of advantages. It can improve soil

fertility. It is only by applying organic fertilizer that soil fertility can be improved,

with the physical and chemical properties of the soil increasing. 8 In addition, their

capacity of storing water improves vegetative growth and reproductive development

with a view to improving plant quality. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the

roots of Leucaena leucocephala.9 These microorganisms transform air nitrogen,

phosphorus, and potassium into a nutrient that plants can use.10 This results in a longer

supply of nutrients, thus reducing the risk of leaching and burning of roots. Besides

being harmless, organic fertilizers can also be very user friendly. Therefore, for such

6 Davies, Erica. “Harmful Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Human Health •

Drugwatcher.Org.” Drugwatcher, November 22, 2022.
https://www.drugwatcher.org/bad-health-effects-of-fertilizers/.

7 R. Kumar, and Keshar Dev. 2017. “Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Human

Health and Environment: A Review.” International Advanced Research Journal in
Science, Engineering and Technology 4 (6). https://doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.

8 Brempong, Mavis Badu, and Abigail Addo-Danso. “Improving Soil Fertility with
Organic Fertilizers.” IntechOpen eBooks, July 6, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103944.

9 Sithole, Nonkululeko, Zivanai Tsvuura, Kevin P. Kirkman, and Anathi Magadlela.

“Nitrogen Source Preference and Growth Carbon Costs of Leucaena Leucocephala
(Lam.) de Wit Saplings in South African Grassland Soils.” Plants. Multidisciplinary
Digital Publishing Institute, October 21, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112242.

10 Cherlinka, Vasyl. “Nitrogen Fixation: N-Fixing Plants And Bacteria.” EOS Data
Analytics, June 7, 2023. https://eos.com/blog/nitrogen-fixation/.
natural products you do not need to wear any protective clothing or equipment. 11 It

delivers nutrients at a slow, but sustainable rate. It also prevents over-fertilization. 12

The use of natural and sustainable sources of nutrients can provide an alternative to

synthetic fertilizers, while also improving soil health and crop productivity. Various

types of organic fertilizers have been introduced into the community, however, the

researchers found an accessible and abundant plant with potential components of a

good fertilizer. Ipil ipil, or its scientific name Leucaena Leucocephala can be found

anywhere in the Philippines. It was referred to as a “miracle tree” for a while because

of its numerous uses. Ipil-ipil leaves have a high protein and nitrogen content,

implying that they could be utilized as fertilizer alternatives. Mulching ipil-ipil leaves

can be a significant supply of soil nutrients. 13 Other than it is properties, this plant is

known to be a fast grower. It takes less time and effort to grow. Additionally,

exploring the potential of indigenous plants such as ipil-ipil can promote the

preservation of local knowledge and practices and contribute to cultural sustainability.

The significant importance is for small-scale farmers and the agriculture industry as a

whole.

Statement of the Problem

11 “Advantages of Using Organic Fertilizers | Royal Brinkman,” n.d.

https://royalbrinkman.com/knowledge-center/crop-care/advantages-organic-fertilizers

12 NATURE SAFE FERTILIZERS. “Fertilizer Burn and Other Signs of Over

Fertilizing | Nature Safe Fertilizers.” Nature Safe Fertilizers, November 10, 2022.
https://www.naturesafe.com/knowlegde-center/blog/signs-of-over-fertilizing

13 Mabaquiao, Lyndelle, Antolino, John et. al “Effectiveness of Powderized Madre de

Cacao Gliricidia Sepium and Ipil-Ipil Leucaena Leucocephala Leaves as an
Alternative Fertilizer for Pechay Brassica Rapa Chinensis.” Studocu, April 2021.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/central-philippine-university/bs-nursing/
madre-de-cacao-and-ipil-ipil-leaves-as-pechay-fertilizer/30012288.
 This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Ipil-ipil leaves (Leucaena

leucocephala) extract as organic fertilizer for okra plants.

Specifically aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effective amount of Ipil-ipil leaves (Leucaena leucocephala)

extract:

a. 75% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract: 25% of Tap Water

b. 50% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract: 50% of Tap Water

c. 25% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract: 75% of Tap Water

d. 100% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract

2. How may the effectiveness of Ipil-ipil leaves (Leucaena leucocephala)

extract be described in terms of:

a. height; and

b. color of the leaves; and

c. diameter of leaves; and

d. number of pods?

3. How may the product be described in terms of:

a. odor;

b. color;

c. shelf life; and

d. cost?

4. Is there a significant effect/difference between Ipil-ipil leaves (Leucaena

leucocephala) extract and commercial product?

Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference between Ipil-ipil leaves (Leucaena

leucocephala) extract and the commercial product.

Ha: There is a significant difference between Ipil-ipil leaves (Leucaena leucocephala)

extract and the commercial product.

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to find out the effectiveness of Ipil-ipil leaves

(Leucaena leucocephala) extract as organic fertilizer for okra plants.

This study would be beneficial to the following:

Farmers - Farmers will benefit from reduced health risks, more effective insecticides,

and more affordable fertilizers. This will benefit the whole community. Further

research found that the goal of this research is to help plant production. It is to help

the farmers from getting any health issues from toxic runoff and soil erosion. As well

as the peace of mind of environmentalists.

Home Gardeners - Home gardeners will reap benefits from the produced fertilizer

because of its affordability, application, and overall efficacy. The product will be

processed from a plant that is plentiful in the country as a whole, making it more

accessible and affordable than commercially available products. Additionally, using

the product does not put human health at risk, eradicating the need for extra effort to

put on protective gear. Overall, the use of and the product itself will enhance the

plant's quality and growth.

Consumers - This product will benefit consumers by increasing the availability of

fresh, high-quality products and potentially lowering their prices. Fertilization

enhances the nutrient content, taste, and appearance of the pods, making it a healthier

and more appealing food choice. Additionally, by supporting sustainable farming

practices that reduce the use of pesticides and promote environmental responsibility,

consumers can enjoy safer and more environmentally friendly okra options.

Future Researchers - This study will benefit future researchers by adding to existing

knowledge, identifying research gaps, offering innovative methodologies, and

inspiring new ideas. It also provides opportunities for replication, interdisciplinary

insights, and potential collaborations, ultimately advancing research fields and

offering educational resources for future generations of scientists.

Scope and Limitations

For the development and production of the organic fertilizer, the ipil-ipil to be

used will be gathered from an ipil-ipil tree in Barangay 4 Maria Aurora and Baler,

Aurora. Specifically, it will make use of fully grown to ensure the efficacy of the

fertilizer. Five (5) samples will be carried out for trials. Each sample will be replicated

three (3) times. The researchers will firstly gather all the materials needed, including

the planting, and extracting materials, as well as the ipil-ipil leaves itself. The leaves

will be washed and disinfected in clean tap water, then air-dried until there is no water

left. Once dried, the leaves will be microwaved. A blender will be utilized to grind the

leaves, then put into a glass with ethanol to extract the needed components. After

letting the mixture sit for two days, the liquid will be filtered using filtration paper,

and then the filtered liquid will be gathered to distill. After the fertilizer is completely

prepared, it will be sampled on okra plants. The researchers will plant okra seeds in a

designated plot. There are five plots. Each plot has at least 20 okra seeds. Finally, the

researchers will begin evaluating the effectiveness using a spray of the produced
organic fertilizer, and compare it to commercially sold fertilizer. The extraction of the

substance will be done at Aurora National Science High School. After the extraction,

the actual experimentation will be done at Sanchez Street Brgy. Sabang Baler, Aurora.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Ipil-ipil

There's a scientific name for Ipil ipil, Leucaena leucocephala. The plant is

native to southern Mexico and northern Central America. This plant isn't the only one

with this name. It's given a lot of names, such as white leadtree, jumbay, river

tamarind, subabul and white popinac.14 White leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala), is

native to Central America and has spread and/or naturalized all over the World due to

a shrub variety used as a shade tree for coffee, cocoa, hemp plantations, pepper,

vanilla, and other essences.15 A leguminous species of the Fabaceae family, native to

Mexico and Central America, it is commonly known as leucaena leucocephala.16

Ipil-ipil Leaves

Each 100 gram of ipil ipil leaves contains 85 calories, 15.4 grams of

carbohydrates, 12 grams of protein, 6.5 grams of fat, 3 grams of iron components, 100

mg phosphor, 1.5 mg calcium, vitamin A, B1, and C. It is what its leaves contain.

14 Vinajay. “8 Health Benefits of Ipil Ipil Leaves No One Knows.”

DrHealthBenefits.Com, October 18, 2017.
https://drhealthbenefits.com/herbal/leaves/health-benefits-ipil-ipil-leaves.

15 “Share An Online Entry ‘Leucaena Leucocephala as Protein Source,” August 4,

2021. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/12705.

16 Sharma, Padma, Amarpreet Kaur, Daizy R. Batish, Shalinder Kaur, and Bhagirath S.
Chauhan. “Critical Insights Into the Ecological and Invasive Attributes of Leucaena
Leucocephala, a Tropical Agroforestry Species.” Frontiers in Agronomy 4 (May 24,
2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.890992.
 Fertilizer can be easily made by combining ipil-ipil leaves with water and two

teaspoons of coffee. The green biomass material was created from Ipil-ipil (Leucaena

leucocephala) and wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) green leaves.

It's easy to make fertilizer with ipil-ipil leaves mixed up in water and two teaspoons of

coffee.17 The green biomass material was made from the green leaves of Ipil-ipil

(Leucaena leucocephala) and wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia).18

Method of Extraction

A protocol for the extraction of any type of plant material with water using a

simple blender to grind dried leaves with water, then a series of centrifuges to remove

solid waste, and finally a series of filtrations to obtain an aqueous extract that is

sterile.19 The use of biomass residues after energy conversion as animal feed is

prevented by the presence of mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala. Using a fast

colourimetric technique, quantification of mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala has

been performed. Moreover, to assess the efficiency of extraction of mimosine from

Leucaena leucocephala leaves a comparison has been made between two soxhlet

extraction methods with distillation water or ethyl acetate as solvent and digestion

method.20 The storage behaviour of seeds is normal; preservation in Hermetic

17 Patricia Bianca S. Taculao, “Make Your Own Fertilizer Using Natural Ingredients.”
Agriculture Monthly, April 27, 2020.
https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2020/05/01/make-your-own-fertilizer-using-
naturalingredients/

18 “Quality Improvement of Organic Compost Using Green Biomass.” 2013. CORE

Reader. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328023950.````pdf.

19 Echeverría, Leticia Lpe Peraza. 2019. “Preparation of Aqueous Extracts of Plants.”

Protocols.Io, March. https://www.protocols.io/view/preparation-of-aqueous-extracts-
of-plants-szwef7e

20 Ilham, Zul, Huda Hamidon, Nurul Amalina Rosji, Norfadhilah Ramli, and
Normaniza Osman. 2015. “Extraction and Quantification of Toxic Compound
Mimosine from Leucaena Leucocephala Leaves.” Procedia Chemistry 16 (January):
containers at room temperature with 5.8% mc can sustain viability for a number of

years. In general, although tissue culture is a success, vegetative propagation from

cuttings and grafts has been unsuccessful.21

Okra Plant

Okra leaves are heart shaped, three to five lobed. The flowers are yellow and

the center of them is red. The fruit, or pod, hairy at the base, is a tapering 10-angled

capsule 10–25 cm (4–10 inches) in length (except in the dwarf varieties) that contains

numerous oval dark-coloured seeds.22 The plants can spread out and frequently reach

heights of four to six feet, or 120 centimeters to 180 centimeters. 23 When okra plants

turn yellow, serious issues may be present. Chlorophyll, the catalyst that transforms

sunlight into nourishment for the plant, is absent from yellowed leaves. Okra's

inherent resilience to pests and disease decreases as the plant starves. 24 Okra contains

an abundance of vitamins A and C, as well as antioxidant substances that help protect

against the risk of some severe illnesses like cancer, diabetes, stroke or heart disease.

Okra is also a good source of magnesium: Folate. 25 The main method for the

establishment of crops is direct seeding. Seed okra approximately ¾ to 1 inch in depth

164–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.029.

21 “Leucaena Diversifiolia Ipil-Ipil PFAF Plant Database.” 2018.

https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Leucaena+diversifiolia.

22 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2023. “Okra | Description & Uses.”

Encyclopedia Britannica. March 31, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/plant/okra.

23 Vinje, Eric. 2022. "Okra Plant | How to Grow, Care For and Harvest - Quick Guide."
Planet Natural. https://www.planetnatural.com/growing-okra/#:~:text=The%20plants
%20often%20grow%20four,after%20a%20week%20or%20more.

24 Young, James. 2017. "Why Are My Okra Plants Yellow?" Hunker.

https://doi.org/https://www.hunker.com/13427416/why-are-my-okra-plants-yellow.

25 WebMD Editorial Contributors. 2020. “Health Benefits of Okra.” WebMD.

September 23, 2020. https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-okra.
in rows 42 inches apart for dwarf types and 48 to 60 inches apart for medium to large

types.26

Organic Fertilizer

Organic fertilizers are also called “organic manures”. It is simple to define

organic fertilizers. In particular, it refers to compost produced from animal waste or

animal and plant residues, which are rich in natural by-products. 27 It is an essential

source of plant nutrients and soil. Most organic fertilizers may be prepared at home

or by the farm itself. The use of those agricultural fertilizers ensures that there are no

hazardous chemicals in food products produced.28 Due to their potential to increase

soil fertility and productivity, they are favored by farmers, but they may be at risk of

nutrient loss to water and the atmosphere due to the priming effect and their

susceptibility to promoting nitrification and denitrification.29

Properties of Ipil-ipil

The leaves of Ipil-ipil have high protein and nitrogen content, suggesting that

they could be used as substitutes for fertilizers. A large source of soil nutrient may be

provided by mulching ipil-ipil leaves. 30 The use of biomass residues after energy

26 “Okra Production - Oklahoma State University.” 2019. January 1, 2019.

https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/okra-production.html

27 Dora. 2022. “What's Organic Fertilizer- Definition & Type | Dora Agri.” Dora Agri-
Tech, August. https://doraagri.com/what-is-organic-fertilizer-for-plants/.

28 Assefa, Sisay. 2019. “The Principal Role of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Properties
and Agricultural Productivity -A Review.” Juniperpublishers.Com, August.
https://doi.org/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.22.556192.

29 Wei, Xiangying, Jianjun Chen, Bin Gao, and Zonghua Wang. 2020. “Role of
Controlled and Slow Release Fertilizers in Fruit Crop Nutrition.” In Elsevier EBooks,
555–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818732-6.00039-3.

30 Castilla, Delfa G., Hannah Mae P. Embalzado, James L. Morre, and Angelyn S.
Salcedo. 2022. "Mulched Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena Leucocephala) Leaves As A Growth
conversion as animal feed is prevented by the presence of mimosine in Leucaena

leucocephala. Using a fast colourimetric technique, quantification of mimosine in

Leucaena leucocephala has been performed. Moreover, to assess the efficiency of

extraction of mimosine from leucaena leucocephala leaves a comparison has been

made between two soxlet extraction methods with distillation water or ethyl acetate as

solvent and digestion method.31 Leucaena is a deciduous Tree growing to 15 m (49ft)

by 15 m (49ft) at a fast rate. For the USDA's hardiness, see below. It's hardy in Zone

10 of the United Kingdom. The plant's self-fertile. It's capable of fixing nitrogen.

Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-

drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable soil pH: mild acid,

neutral and basic alkali alkaline soils that are capable of growing in very acidic soils. 32

METHODOLOGY

I. Independent and Dependent Variables of the Study

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Okra Plant Production
Ipil-ipil Leaves Extract temperature; and
time; and
particle size; and
extraction cycle

Enhancer For Pechay (Brassica Rapa) Plant."

31 Ilham, Zul, Huda Hamidon, Nurul Amalina Rosji, Norfadhilah Ramli, and
Normaniza Osman. 2015. “Extraction and Quantification of Toxic Compound
Mimosine from Le
32 “Leucaena Ipil-Ipil PFAF Plant Database.” 2018. https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?
LatinName=Leucaena.
Figure 2. Independent and Dependent Variables of the Study

This figure shows that the independent variable of the study is the Ipil-ipil

Leaves Extract and Okra Plant Production considered as its dependent variable.

II. Collecting and Gathering of Materials

A. Preparation of Ipil-ipil Leaves Extract

The researcher will gather leaves from the Ipil-ipil tree to prepare the

Ipil-ipil leaves extract. The leaves are then disinfected by being washed in tap

water. The leaves will be air dry until it is dried. Once dried, the leaves will

be microwaved using an oven. The blender will then be used to grind the Ipil-

ipil leaves. The extracted leaves will be put in a glass container with ethanol.

Wait for 2 days. Filter paper will be used for filtration of the liquid. The

filtered liquid from filtration will be obtained by the researcher and distillate

it.

B. Collection of Okra Planting

The okra seed will be bought in a location where they may be found

( in this case the researcher will be conducting it in public market). The okra

seed will be planted in a designated plot. There are five plots. Each plot has at

least 10 okra seeds. During the hot summer months, Okra needs to be watered

regularly. Okra pods will get rough and sticky if the soil's too wet. Ensure that

the soil is watered rather than leaves when you water your okra. They may rot
 because of too much water in the leaves. It is recommended to water the Okra

plants about once a day.33

III. Preparation of Treatments and Experimental Set-up

Treatment
s

Pure Extract 50% of Ipil- 75% of Ipil- 25% of Ipil- Commercial

ipil leaves ipil leaves ipil leaves Product
extract and extract and extract and
50% of Tap 25% of Tap 75% of Tap
Water Water Water

Set-ups

Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Plot 5

Time Exposure

2 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks

Figure 3. Preparation of Treatments and Experimental Set-ups

The researcher will investigate the effectiveness of Ipil-ipil (Leucaena

leucocephala) as an organic fertilizer. Following preparation, the researcher

will begin evaluating the therapy using a spray, which includes Pure Extract,

33 Hayden, Megan. “Should You Water Okra Everyday.” ShunCy, April 25, 2023.
https://shuncy.com/article/should-you-water-okra-everyday.
 50% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 50% of Tap Water, 70% of Ipil-ipil leaves

extract and 30% of Tap Water, 30% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 70% of Tap

Water, Commercial Product. The results will be verified time exposure two,

four, and six weeks. The researcher will prepare the okra plant from the plots

and will be put in five different plots, since then commercial product spray

(chemically manufactured) will be added. Every container should contain at

least 10 okra plants.

IV. Experimental Design

10 Plots

Pure Extract 50% of 70% of 30% of Commercial

Ipil- Ipil- Ipil- Product
ipil ipil ipil
leaves leaves leaves
extract extract extract
and and and
Okra Plant/s Okra Plant/s Okra Plant/s Okra Plant/s Okra Plant/s
#1 From the #2 From the #3 From the #4 From the #5 From the
okra plots okra plots okra plots okra plots okra plots

Exposure time

2 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks

Figure 4. Experimental Design. Randomized Blocked Design

 To test the ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) as an effective organic fertilizer, the

researcher usead a randomized block design with multiple organic fertilizer formula

treatments. Using a spray Pure Extract, 50% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 50% of Tap

Water, 70% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 30% of Tap Water, 30% of Ipil-ipil leaves

extract and 70% of Tap Water, Commercial Product, this will be examined by group

using the same formula. Each treatment will be applied to okra plant production

arriving from the location. A randomized block design is described as a method of

grouping and stratifying samples before random selection of samples for an

experiment.34

V. Actual Experimentation

Pure Extract, 70% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 30% of Tap Water, 50% of

Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 50% of Tap Water, 30% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 70%

of Tap Water, Commercial Product will be applied to the five plots; each containing at

least 10 okra plant using a spray. The results will be verified at time exposure after 2

weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. The outcomes will be documented.

Pure Extract, Set-up 1, will be placed in the first plots containing okra plants.

70% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 30% of Tap Water, Set-up 2, will be placed in the

second plot containing okra plants. 50% of Ipil-ipil leaves extract and 50% of Tap

Water, Set-up 3, will be placed in the third plot containing okra plants. 30% of Ipil-ipil

leaves extract and 70% of Tap Water , Set-up 4, will be placed in the fourth plot

containing okra plants. Commercial Product, Set-up 5, will be placed in the fifth plot

containing okra plants. To test the substantial effectiveness of ipil-ipil leaves extract

34 StudySmarter UK. “Randomized Block Design,” 2022.

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/math/statistics/randomized-block

-design/.
as an organic fertilizer versus commercial fertilizer, the researcher contrived a first

set-up, set-up 1. This setup will also be applied to okra plant.

Actual Experimentation

Replication

Treatment 1 Replication

Pure Extract Replication

Control

Replication
Treatment 2 Replication
50% of Ipil-Ipil
leaves extract and Replication
50% of tap water
Control

Replication
Treatment 2
Replication
75% of Ipil-ipil
leaves extract and Replication
25% of Tap
Water Control

Replication
Treatment 3
Replication
25% of Ipil-ipil
leaves extract and Replication
75% of Tap
Water Control

Figure 5. Actual Experimentation

VI. `Statistical Analysis

 In order to assess the effectiveness of the plant ipil-pil (Leucaena leucocephala),

an analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used. Every week, the plants' height and

number of leaves were measured to determine their growth and development. These

agricultural characteristics were all measured in centimeters and observed over the

course of one month. Following that, data was organized and analyzed using 2 way

ANOVA with replicates.35

35 Hambre, Milagros M. 2019. "Growth performance of papaya plants (carica

papaya l.) as influenced by organic mulches."
 REFERENCES

“Advantages of Using Organic Fertilizers | Royal Brinkman,” n.d.

https://royalbrinkman.com/knowledge-center/crop-care/advantages-organic-fertilizers.
“Leucaena Ipil-Ipil PFAF Plant Database.” 2018. https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Leucaena.
“Quality Improvement of Organic Compost Using Green Biomass.” 2013. CORE Reader.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328023950.````pdf.
“Share An Online Entry ‘Leucaena Leucocephala as Protein Source,” August 4, 2021.
https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/12705.
Davies, Erica. “ Harmful Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Human Health • Drugwatcher.Org.”
Drugwatcher, November 22, 2022. https://www.drugwatcher.org/bad-health-effects-of-
fertilizers/.
Davies, Erica. “Harmful Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Human Health • Drugwatcher.Org.”
Drugwatcher, November 22, 2022. https://www.drugwatcher.org/bad-health-effects-of-
fertilizers/.
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