BDwbU

cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi Kg©KvÛ t K…wl

4
cÖvq 7 wewjqb †jvK Aay¨wlZ eZ©gvb c„w_exi cÖvq mK‡jB †Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e GK ev GKvwaK ai‡Yi Av_©‰bwZK
Kg©Kv‡Ûi m‡½ I‡ZvcÖZfv‡e RwoZ Ges Kg©x‡`i msL¨vbycv‡Z K…wlB n‡”Q c„w_exi me©vwaK cwiwPZ A_©‰bwZK
Kg©KvÛ, †h Lv‡Z cÖvq 75 fv‡MiB †ewk †jvK c‡iv¶ ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e wb‡qvwRZ| AÎ BDwb‡U †gvU 5wU cvV
i‡q‡Q, hv wb‡æv³fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt

cvV- 4.1 t K…wlKvR- msÁv I ˆewkó¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb

K…wli msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

K…wli ˆewkó¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

K…wli msÁv t gvby‡li Av_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi cÖ_g ¯—i n‡”Q K…wl- hv Pvlevm mn cïcvjb, ebvqb, djg~j msMÖn,
grm¨ Pvl I Drcv`b BZ¨vw` cÖwµqvKi‡Yi m‡½ m¤ú„³| G¨vMvi (Ager) Ges KvjPvi (Culture) bvgK `ywU
j¨vwUb kã †_‡K Bs‡iRx Agriculture kãwU G‡m‡Q hvi AvwfavwbK A_© f‚wg Kl©Y A_©vr f‚wg Kl©‡Yi gva¨‡g
km¨vw` Drcv`b ev D‡Ëvjb †K eySvq| mvaviYfv‡e wb‡æv³ wZbwU ch©v‡qi gva¨‡g K…wli DrcwË N‡U‡Q, †hgb-
∗ Lv`¨ msMÖn (RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ †Kvb GKK ev Rb‡Mvôxi ˆ`wnK Pvwn`vi ZvwM‡` dj-g~j msMÖnmn Ab¨vb¨
Kg©Kv‡Ûi ïi“),
∗ cï wkKvi (cÖv_wgK w`‡K eb R½j †_‡K †QvU †_‡K eo ai‡Yi cÖvYx wkKvi I Avnvi)
∗ cï cvjb (eZ©gvb I fwel¨r D×…Ë cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ ¯’vqxfv‡e bvbv iKg cï cvjb cÖwµqv ïi“ nq)
K…wl (¯’vqxfv‡e cieZ©x‡Z Dcw¯’Z bvbv iKg cwi‡ek Abyhvqx Dw™¢` I cÖvYx cÖwZcvjbB w¯’wZkxj nq)| Z‡e
eZ©gv‡b Gi cwiwa I Kg©‡¶Î AZ¨š— e¨vcK I RwUj|
A_©vr km¨vw` Drcv`b K‡i I cïmg~n cvjb K‡i Ges G mKj Drcv`b‡K gvby‡li e¨envi I wewµ wecbY,
evRviRvZKiY BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ g„wËKv Kl©‡Yi Kjv‡KŠkj ev weÁvbB K…wl (Bmjvg )| g¨vKKvwU© I wjßevM© bvæxq `yRb
gvwK©b f‚‡Mvjwe` D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e †Kvb km¨ Drcv`b I Mevw` cïcvjb Kg©KvÛ‡K K…wl bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb (Zvnv)|
Aciw`‡K wRg¨vig¨vb bvgxq f‚‡Mvjwe` D‡j−L K‡ib †h, ÒK…wl n‡”Q gvby‡li H mKj Drcv`bkxj cÖ‡Póv, hv‡Z
¯’vqxfv‡e emevm ¯’vcb K‡i f‚wgi bvbvwea e¨envi A‡š^lY K‡i Ges m¤¢e n‡j Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi ¯^vfvweK Rb¥ I e„w×
cÖwµqv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z I Dbœqb NUvq A_ev wb‡R‡`i Pvwn`v gvwdK Dw™¢` I cÖvYx ¯^vfvweK Rb¥ e„w× cÖwµqvq km¨ I cÖvYxR
`ªe¨vw` Drcv`b Kiv|Ó A_©vr K…wl n‡”Q GKwU gvbexq Kg©KvÛ hv cwiKwíZfv‡e f‚wg ev g„wËKv I cvwb‡Z Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi
µgweKvk NUvq Ges Lv`¨ I e¯¿vw`i gZ †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e AvaywbK Kv‡j K…wlKv‡h©i e¨vcKZv e„w×
†c‡q‡Q Ges G‡Z Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi ¯^vfvweK Rb¥ e„w× cÖwµqvq ebvqb I Zvi msi¶Y, gvQ Pvl I cvjb, cïcvjb mn
`ªe¨vw`i Drcv`b Kg©Kv‡Û m¤ú„³ _v‡K| AZx‡Z K…wlB GK‡PwUqv ev GKgvÎ DcRxweKvi gva¨g _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b Zv
Avi †bB| g~jZt Rjevqy I g„wËKvi cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ iKg n‡q _v‡K Ges DbœwZi I ZviZg¨
N‡U _v‡K|
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

ˆewkó¨ t Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GUv ¯úó †h, K…wl GKwU GKK ¯^Z¡vwewkó A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ hv‡Z A‡bK ai‡Yi
ˆewk‡ó¨i mgš^q we`¨gvb| wb‡æ G ai‡Yi wKQy ˆewkó¨ D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
1. gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi g‡a¨ K…wl Avw`g I cÖ_g ch©vqf‚³|
2. K…wlKv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ †jvKRb K…lK bv‡g AwfwnZ|
3. eZ©gvb Kv‡jI K…wl gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Yi cÖavb DcRxweKv Ges c„w_exi †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 80 fvM †jvK
K…wlKv‡h©i Dci cÖZ¨¶fv‡e wbf©ikxj| A_©vr K…wlKv‡h© c„w_exi AwaK msL¨K †jvK wb‡qvwRZ|
4. c„w_exi cÖwZwU gvbyl, mgvR, gvbe †Mvôx wKsev ivóª cÖZ¨¶ A_ev c‡iv¶fv‡e K…wl I K…wl mswk−ó Kg©Kv‡Ûi m‡½
m¤ú„³ Ges AvR Aewa Gi weKí Ab¨ †Kvb Av_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ Gi ¯’vb `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb|
5. Lv`¨ mvgMÖx Drcv`‡b K…wli †Kvb weKí †bB|
6. K…wlKv‡h©i †gŠj GKK n‡”Q Lvgvi Ges G Lvgvi AvKv‡i †QvU (gvÎ .1) †_‡K eo (†hgb 100 GKi ev Zvi
D‡aŸ©) n‡Z cv‡i|
7. K…wli g~j I Acwinvh© ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q ˆbmwM©K cwi‡e‡ki cwieZ©b mvab K‡i gvbyl I M„ncvwjZ cïi Rb¨ km¨
Drcv`bmn H RvZxq Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx msMÖn, wkKvi Ges Drcv`‡bi Kjv †KŠkj|
8. K…wlB GKgvÎ Av_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ hvi we¯—…wZ c„w_ex c„‡ôi cÖvq me©Î Ges me‡P‡q †ewk ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q|
9. K…wlRvZ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi g~j¨ Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KvÛ Øviv Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi g~j¨ †_‡K A‡bK †ewk|
10. K…wlKv‡h© cÖK…wZi GK”QÎ cÖfve ev AvwacvZ¨ we`¨gvb| Avevi cÖK…wZi Dci cÖfve we¯—v‡i gvby‡li cÖ‡Póv K…wl‡Z Dcw¯’Z|
11. K…wlB gvbyl‡K f‚wg‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Ki‡Z Drmvn/ZvwM` cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Ges c„w_exi cÖ_g emwZmn
mf¨Zvi D‡b¥l NwU‡q‡Q K…wlB|
12. c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki ZviZ‡g¨i Kvi‡Y K…wli aib, c×wZ I Drcv`‡bi wewfbœZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
†hgb Avw`g K…wl, Rxeb wbe©vnx K…wl, cÖMvp K…wl, evMvb K…wl, evwYR¨ K…wl, ﮋ K…wl, Av`©ª K…wl, †mP K…wl BZ¨vw`|
13. K…wlKv‡h© †QvU I eo ai‡Yi Drcv`b GK‡Ki Aw¯—Z¡ we`¨gvb| Avevi GK GKK †_‡K eûwea cY¨ Drcv`b
K…wl‡Z Dcw¯’Z (Zvnv)|
14. K…wlKv‡h© Drcv`b cÖwµqvq ˆRe aviv I mxgve×Zv cwijw¶Z|
15. K…wlKv‡h© AvÍ wbf©ikxj Drcv`‡bi we‡kl Aw¯—Z¡ we`¨gvb|
16. K…wlB GKgvÎ Kg©KvÛ hv eû wk‡íi KuvPvgv‡ji †hvMvb`vi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ (†hgb, AvL, weU-wPwb wkí, Pv wkí,
Zzjv, ckg Øviv e¯¿ wkí, wewfbœ e„¶, Nvm, euvk, †Qveov Øviv KvMR I gÛ wkí, gkjv, mqvweb, `y‡ai K¨v‡mBb Øviv
iÄK wkí, Mevw` cïi MÖw¤n, †flR Øviv Jla wkí, mwilv, ivB BZ¨vw` Øviv ˆZj wkí BZ¨vw`)|
17. K…wl‡K †K›`ª K‡i wewfbœ iK‡gi cwiPh©v g~jK wk‡íi D™¢e I we¯—vi N‡U (†hgb, K…wlR hš¿cvwZ, mvi, exR,
KxUbvkK cÖf…wZ K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj)|
18. K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj AÂj Ab¨v‡b¨ Kg©Kv‡Ûi †P‡q †ewk Ges mvaviYZt A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î `ye©j ev AbybœZ|
19. Dbœqbkxj mgv‡R cÖvq mKj Kg©KvÛB K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj|
20. K…wlKv‡h© f‚wgi cÖK…wZMZ mxgve×Zv we`¨gvb|
21. K…wlKv‡h© cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM RwbZ Kvi‡Y AwbðqZv cwijw¶Z n‡Z cv‡i|
22. cÖwZwbqZ Pvlvev‡m K…wl f‚wgi ¶q, De©iZv n«vm, KxUbvkK e¨envi, mvi cÖ‡qvM, cvwb †mP I i¶Yv‡e¶Y
RwbZ mgm¨v we`¨gvb _v‡K|
23. mvgwqK wePv‡i K…wlKv‡h© Av‡qi gvÎv h‡_ó bq|
24. mvaviYfv‡e K…wlKvh© we‡kl Drmvne¨vÄK bq|
25. K…wlB GKgvÎ Lv`¨ Drcv`b I mieivn cÖwµqv‡K mPj iv‡L|
26. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cv_©‡K¨i `i“b K…wlKvh© (K) Lv`¨ Drcv`b A‡j ¯’vbvš—i N‡U; L) km¨vw` Drcv`‡b
cwieZ©b N‡U; M) †mP Kvh© e„w×i Pvwn`v N‡U Ges N) ﮋ A‡j ¶wZKi e¯‘i `i“b km¨vw`i bvbviKg †ivM
e¨vwa Ges AvMvQv e„w× N‡U|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 24
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖ‡kœvËi g~j¨vqb- 4.1

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b
K) n‡”Q c„w_exi me©vwaK A_©‰bwZK |
L) g„wËKv Kjv‡KŠkj ev weÁvbB |
M) Lv`¨ mvgMÖx Drcv`b †Kvb weKí †bB|
N) Dbœqbkxj cÖvq mKj Kg©KvÛB Dci wbf©ikxj|
O) K…wlB GKgvÎ Lv`¨ I mieivn mPj iv‡L|
DËit K. K…wlB, cwiwPZ, Kg©KvÛ L. Kl©‡Yi, K…wl M. K…wli N. mgv‡R O. Drcv`b, cÖwµqv‡K

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

K. K…wl wK?
L. K…wli AvwfavwbK A_© wK?
M. K…wli 10 wU ˆewkó¨ D‡j−L Ki
N. wRg¨vig¨v‡bi K…wli msÁvwU wjL

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| K…wli msÁv wjL Ges Bnvi cÖavb cÖavb ˆewkó¨vejx Av‡jvPbv Ki|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 25

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV- 4.2 t K…wl wbqš¿YKvix †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgKmg~n

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb

K…wl wbqš¿YKvix †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgKmg~n m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|
K…wlKv‡h©i Dci bvbvwea Dcv`vb ev wbqvg‡Ki cÖfve c‡iv¶ ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G¸‡jvi cÖfve
GKKfv‡e we‡ePbv bv K‡i mvgMÖxK fv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †Kbbv G¸‡jv GKwUi AeZ©gv‡b Ab¨wUi Kvh©KvwiZv
mn‡RB c„_K Kiv hvq bv ev m¤¢e bq| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e †m¸‡jv‡K cÖvK…wZK I mvs¯‹…wZK G `yfv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq| cÖK…wZMZ Dcv`vb †hgb Rjevqy, f‚-cÖK…wZ, g„wËKv BZ¨vw` hv‡`i cÖfve mw¤§wjZfv‡e e¨vcK cwieZ©b
msNwUZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i‡K cÖvK…wZK ev †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgK ejv nq| Aci c‡¶ †hme wbqvgK cÖK…wZMZ bq,
†hgb, A_© †hvMvb, evRviRvZKiY, kªwgK, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, K…wl welqK Ávb I mswk−ó exR, mvi-KxUbvkK,
hš¿cvwZ, miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZv bxwZ I ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv BZ¨vw` hv‡`i cÖfve A‡bK Lvwb A‡_©i Dci wbf©ikxj
Ges K…wl‡KI wbf©ikxj K‡i †Zv‡j ev Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|

K…wl wbqš¿YKvix wbqvgK

cÖvK…wZK Av_©‰bwZK

f‚wg I Zvi cÖK…wZ, Rjevqy g„wËKv, Dw™¢` I g~jab/A_©‡hvMvb, kªwgK, evRvi,

cÖvYx BZ¨vw`| cwienY, miKvix bxwZ, K…wlwelqK
hš¿cvwZ I mswk−ó welqvw`|
cÖvK…wZK ev †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgK t †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Rjevqy, g„wËKv, f‚-cÖK…wZ, Dw™¢` I RxeRš‘i
wbqš¿Y me‡P‡q †ewk Ges ej‡Z †M‡j K…wli mvdj¨ ev DbœwZ I AebwZi wbqš¿YKvix| Z‡e myLei †h G‡`i mevB
¯’vqx cÖK…wZi bq| wb‡æ G m‡ei we¯—vwiZ weeiY Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
Rjevqy t Avgiv Rvwb †h, †Kvb ¯’v‡bi †ek K‡qK eQ‡ii ( 20 eQi ev Zvi †ewk) AvenvIqvMZ Mo Ae¯’v‡K
Rjevqy ejv nq Ges K…wlKv‡h© Gi wbqš¿Y me‡P‡q †ewk| Rjevqyi g‡a¨ ZvcgvÎv ev DËvc (†hgb km¨ djv‡bvi
mgq, dmj D‡Ëvj‡bi mgq, Pvlvev‡mi mgq, kxZ, MÖx®§, el©v FZzi ˆewkó¨ MZ cv_©K¨, AwaK DòZv I AwaK
‰kZ¨Zv BZ¨vw`), Av`©ªZv (evZv‡mi Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY, ev®úxfe‡bi nvi I cwigvY, f‚Mf©¯’ cvwb, g„wËKvi
cvwbi cwigvY I nvi BZ¨vw`), e„wócvZ (e„wócv‡Zi cÖK…wZ, we¯—vi, cwigvY I aib), m~‡h©iwk¥i †ZR I cwigvY
(j¤^fv‡e wKsev wZh©Kfv‡e cwZZ iwk¥, w`evivwÎi n«vm e„w×), evZvm I Zvi mswgkªY (evZv‡mi MwZ, kw³, ¯’vwqZ¡,
I ¶wZKi cÖfve, †K¬vwib,Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¶wZKi M¨v‡mi Dcw¯’wZ) BZ¨vw`i ˆ`bw›`b, FZzwfwËK
A_ev evrmwiK ZviZ‡g¨i cÖfve k‡m¨i dj‡bi e¨vcK ZviZg¨mn K…wli wbqš¿YKvix wn‡m‡e GLbI AUj|
K…wli aib (Av`©ª ev ﮋ), k‡m¨i cÖK…wZ (Lv`¨km¨- Mg ev avb), Pvlvev‡`i mgqKvj (FZzMZ-kxZ ev MÖx®§),
BZ¨vw` ZvcgvÎv Øviv wbqwš¿Z n‡q _v‡K| GKwU wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvi wb‡P ev Dc‡i Pvlvev` m¤¢e bq| Dò gi“ Ges
kxZj Zz›`ªv f‚wg‡Z Pvlvev` cÖvq Am¤¢e| A‡bK Dw™¢` MRvq m~h©¨ wKi‡Yi ZviZ‡g¨i Dci wfwË K‡i| Avevi Zzlvi
gy³ GjvKv Zzjv Mg I Ab¨vb¨ K…wlR dm‡ji Pvlvev‡` Dchy³| K…wli cwªZwU dm‡ji Kg, Mo I †ewk ZvcgvÎv
mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q Ges Zv Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯—‡iB mgfv‡e Kvh©Kix| kxZKvjxb ivB Gi Rb¨ ZvcgvÎv
Zzjbvg~jK Kg Pvwn`v Ges kxZ m¤ú„³ VvÛv eidcvZ I mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv we`¨gvb| µvš—xq km¨vw`i (†hgb
†LRyi, †Kv‡Kv MvQ, eiewU MvQ) Rb¨ mviv eQi D”P ﮋZv cÖ‡qvRb| iv‡Îi ZvcgvÎvi cÖfve wewfbœ k‡m¨i Rb¨
wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡q _v‡K| wKQy wKQy km¨ (†hgb- Avjy-exU) mvaviYZt ivwÎKvjxb VvÛvq `ª“Zfv‡e Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU
msi¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zzjv, fzÆv Ges Zvgv‡Ki weKv‡k Mig ivwÎi cÖ‡qv‡Rb| Dò Rjevqyi DËß ZvcgvÎv Gi
A¼‡iv`Mg‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| Avevi kxZj †`‡ki DòZv ex‡Ui DcKvi K‡i _v‡K| c„w_exe¨vcx DòZvi
dj¯^iƒc Lv`¨km¨ mieivn c×wZ weNœ m„wó K‡i _v‡K|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 26
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

e„wócv‡Zi aib I cwigvY c„w_exc„‡ô me©Î mgvb bq, †Kv_vI cwiPjb, †Kv_vI msNl©, †Kv_vI ev ˆk‡jvr‡¶c
ai‡Yi e„wócvZ msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K Ges G‡`i ZviZ‡g¨i Kvi‡Y K…wli aib I dmj Drcv`‡bi ZviZg¨ N‡U
_v‡K| D”P A¶vs‡ki A‡bK †`k wbæ A¶vs‡ki †`kmg~‡ni †P‡q †ewk e„wócvZ cÖvq 15% MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
e„wócv‡Zi cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ †cvKvgvKo I bvbviKg †ivMe¨vwai cÖ‡Kvc †`Lv †`q| A‡bK mgq gwiPv I
KzqvkvRwbZ †ivMe¨vwa, g„wËKv evwnZ AmyL wemyL, Mig, e„wó eûj, Av`©ª Ae¯’vq Kg©¶gZv/m‡PZbZv †e‡o hvq|
Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †cvKvgvKo (†hgb wQuwQu gkv) i³cvqx KxU, gvBUm BZ¨vw`i Kvh©µgI msL¨v e„wó evovi m‡½
m‡½ e„w× N‡U| Dò c~e©-em†š— fvj AsKz‡iv`Mg cÖwZwôZ nq Avevi Dò MÖx®§ I Dò †ng‡š— km¨vw`‡K cvK
aviv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K|
K…wl‡Z Av`©ªZv- e„wócvZiƒ‡c A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb Drm †_‡K AvMZ-cÖK…wZ, aib I e„wócv‡Zi ˆewkó¨ wbqwš¿Z K‡i
_v‡K †hgb, avb Drcbœ nq Av`©ª µvš—xq A‡j| Avi Mg Zzjbvg~jK Dò, Kg e„wócvZ AÂj cQ›` K‡i| Av`©ª
A‡j wfRv I †mPK…Z K…wl cÖPwjZ Avi ﮋ-Av`©ª ﮋ A‡j ﯋ ai‡Yi K…wlKv‡h©i Dchy³| we‡kl we‡kl dmj
we‡kl we‡kl ai‡Yi Rjevhy AÂz‡ji Rb¨ LyeB Dc‡hvMx| †hgb, wbi¶xq Rjevqy A‡j ievi, µvš—xq Dcµvš—xq
A‡j B¶z, ﯋ cÖvq Rjevqy‡Z †LRyi, bvwZkx‡Zvò A‡j cv‡Ui Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
Dw™¢‡`i Dci mv‡jvKms‡k−lY cÖwµqvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wbqš¿Y i‡q‡Q| e¨wZµg ZvcgvÎv msw¶ß Kvjxb mg‡q Drcv`b
wbw`©ó ch©v‡qi mwnZ GK n‡q e¨vcK cÖfve m„wó K‡i Ges wbw`©ó cwi‡e‡ki m‡½ m½wZ ¯’vcb K‡i k‡m¨i Rb¨
weiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
g„wËKv t K…wl wbqš¿YKvix †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ g„wËKv Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wbqvgK| g„wËKvi †fŠZ I
ivmvqwbK ¸bv¸Y I mswk−ó wgkªY, g„wËKv MVb KvVv‡gv, MVb, wQ`ªgqZv, cÖ‡ek¨Zv, A¤−Z¡ I ¶viZ¡ BZ¨vw` K…wl
Drcv`b I Pvlvev` mxgvbv wba©viK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Ges ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| †Kbbv G ¸‡jv
mw¤§wjZfv‡e Dw™¢‡`i Lv`¨`ªe¨‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K Ges g„wËKvi DòZv, cvwb aviY ¶gZv I ˆRe I A‰Re
BZ¨vw` Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ Ges cwibv‡g weKvk I cwie„× mnvqK| GUv meviB Rvbv †h, g„wËKv me©Î GKB
iKg bq Ges wewfbœZvB Gi cÖavb ˆewkó¨| Avevi GUvI meviB Rvbv †h, De©i g„wËKv K…wli Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Ges
Abye©i f‚wg K…wli Rb¨ Abyc‡hvMx| mvaviYZt b`x evwnZ cwj g„wËKv‡Z avb Pvl, K…ò g„wËKvq Mg Pvl, Pzb wgwkªZ
g„wËKvq Zzjv, Pzb I cUvk wgwkªZ g„wËKvq B¶z, Avi cvnvox g„wËKvq Szg I Pv, ivevi Pv‡li Rb¨ LyeB Dc‡hvMx|
f‚-cÖK…wZ t K…wlKv‡h©i Ab¨Zg wbqvgK n‡”Q f‚-cÖK…wZ hv‡Z f‚wgi Ae¯’vb, D”PZv, AmgZv/eÜziZv, Xvj BZ¨vw`
ˆewkó¨ we`¨gvb| Lvov Xvj, D”P f‚wg, Amg cÖK…wZi f‚-c„ô K…wli Rb¨ Abyc‡hvMx †Kbbv Lvov Xvj cvwb enb K‡i,
D”P f‚wg ZvcgvÎv n«vm Ges Amg f‚-cÖK…wZ K…wl hš¿cvwZ Kg©m~Px‡K evavMÖ¯— K‡i _v‡K|
wbæ A_P mgZj f‚wg avb, cvU Ges Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e DPz I Xvj wewkó cvnvox f‚wg Kwd, Pv, ievi BZ¨vw`
Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ Dchy³|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 4.2
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b
1. Rjevqy, , f‚-cÖK…wZ, I RxeRš‘i me‡P‡q †ewk|
2. K…wl Kv‡h©¨ wbqš¿Y †ewk|
3. wbw`©ó m‡½ m½wZ K‡i k‡m¨i Rb¨ weiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
DËit 1. g„wËKv, Dw™¢`, wbqš¿Y 2. Rjevqyi, me‡P‡q 3. cwi‡e‡ki, ¯’vcb
msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1. K…wl wbqš¿‡Y †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgKmg~n wK wK?
2. K…wl wbqš¿¿‡Y Rjevqyii f‚wgKv D‡j−L Ki|
3. g„wËKvi wbqš¿Y ¶gZv K…wl‡Z KZUzKz cÖfve †d‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki|

iPbvg~jK DËi cÖkœ

1. K…wl wbqš¿YKvix †fŠ‡MvwjK wbqvgKmg~n eY©bv Ki|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 27

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV- 4.3 t wewfbœ K…wl c×wZ Ges e›Ub

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb

K…wl c×wZ I Zvi †kªYxwefvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb;

eÈb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|

K…wl c×wZ I Zvi †kªYxwefvM t Avgiv Rvwb †h K…wl GKwU RwUj ai‡Yi Av_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ Ges ¯’vb I mg‡qi
e¨eav‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi e¨vcK cwieZ©b I cwiea©b N‡U‡Q| Avevi GUvI Rvwb †h, K…wli cÖK…wZ I ˆewkó¨
wbiƒc‡b wewfbœ wbqvgK †hgb f‚wg, Av`©ªZv, FZz‡f`, Rjevqy, Drcv`b e¨e¯’v, AvÂwjK ZviZg¨ BZ¨vw` m¤ú„³|
myZivs G mKj wbqvg‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i K…wl c×wZiI wewfbœZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| wb‡æ wewfbœZvi wfwˇZ K…wli
†kªYxwefvM I Zv‡`i we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
K…wli wewfbœ wfwˇZ †kªYxwefvMt
K) f‚wgi cÖvc¨Zvi ZviZ‡g¨i Dci wfwË K‡i
1. cÖMvp/wbweo K…wl c×wZ Ges
2. e¨vcK K…wl c×wZ|
L) f‚wgi Av`©ªZv I cvwb cÖvc¨Zvi ZviZ‡g¨i Dci wfwË K‡i
1. Av`©ª K…wl c×wZ;
2. ﯋ K…wl c×wZ Ges
3. †mP K…wl c×wZ|
M) f‚wgi gvwjKvbvi ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. ivóªxq Lvgvi c×wZ;
2. †hŠ_ Lvgvi c×wZ Ges
3. e¨w³MZ Lvgvi c×wZ
N) km¨ c×wZi ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. GKK ev GK dmjx K…wl c×wZ;
2. ‰ØZ ev †`v-dmjx K…wl c×wZ Ges
3. eûZ¡ ev eû dmjx K…wl c×wZ|
O) FZz‡f‡`i ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. Lvwic K…wl c×wZ Ges
2. iwe K…wl c×wZ|
P) mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. aYZvwš¿K /awbK K…wl c×wZ;
2. mvgš—Zvwš¿K/mvgš— K…wl c×wZ Ges
3. mgvRZvwš¿K K…wl c×wZ|
Q) †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡ji ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. †gŠmygx K…wl c×wZ;
2. f‚-ga¨mvMixq K…wl c×wZ;
3. DËi-cwðg BD‡ivcxq wgkª K…wl c×wZ Ges
4. µvš—xq I Dcµvš—xq evMvb K…wl c×wZ|
R) dmj Drcv`b I evRviRvZKi‡Yi ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. Avw`g RxweKv wbe©vnx K…wl c×wZ;
• ¯’vbvš—i/cÖPiYkxj/wØZxq ch©v‡qi K…wl c×wZ
• ¯’vqx ch©v‡qi K…wl c×wZ

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 28
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

2. evwYwR¨K K…wl c×wZ;

3. Avev`x/evwMPv K…wl c×wZ;
4. km¨veZ©b K…wl c×wZ Ges
5. B›UviKvjPvi K…wl c×wZ|
S) cÖvK…wZK I Av_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi ZviZ‡g¨i wfwˇZ
1. ¯^qs m¤ú~Y© K…wl c×wZ/RxweKv wbe©vnx K…wl c×wZ;
2. GK dmjx evRvi wfwËK I evwMPv K…wl c×wZ Ges
3. wgkª ev eûgyLx K…wl c×wZ|
T) dmj I jvBdóK, f‚wg e¨env‡ii wbweoZv, K…wlRvZ cY¨vw`i cÖwµqvRZKiY, Lvgvi hvwš¿KxKiY cÖf…wZ gvÎv I
K…wli m‡½ mswk−ó wbqvgK I Ab¨vb¨ KvVv‡gvi cÖKvi‡f` Gi Dci wfwË ûBU‡jmx cÖ`Ë K…wl c×wZ
1. hvhveixq cïcvjb;
2. jvBd÷K i¨vwÂs;
3. ¯’vbvš—ix K…wl;
4. Avw`g w¯’wZkxj f‚wgKl©Y;
5. avb cÖavb wbweo ¯^qs †fvMx K…wl c×wZ;
6. Rjvf‚wgi avbwenxb wbweo ¯^qs †fvMx K…wl;
7. evwYwR¨K Dcwbweó K…wl;
8. f‚-ga¨mvMixq K…wl;
9. evwYwR¨K K…wl;
10. evwYwR¨K cïcvjb I km¨ Pvl;
11. ¯^qs †fvMx cïcvjb I km¨ Pvl;
12. evwYwR¨K MÄkvjvi cïcvjb Ges
13. ˆewkó¨gwÛZ D`¨vb K…wl|
K…wl c×wZ
e›Ub t Dc‡iv³ K…wl c×wZmg~‡ni wek¦e¨vcx we¯—iYMZ ˆewkó¨mn ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jvt
1) cÖMvp K…wl c×wZ (Intensive farming)
c„w_exi cÖvq 6 wewjqb †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖvq 1/3k cÖMvp K…wl c×wZi Dci wbf©ikxj Ges G †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ wb‡qvwRZ
†jvKmsL¨vi wfwˇZ GwUB c„w_exi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU Av_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ|
cÖMvp K…wl c×wZ‡Z f‚wgi cÖwZwU GK‡Ki m‡e©v”P e¨envi eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr Rwgi aviY ¶gZv Abyhvqx dmj
djvBevi c×wZB n‡jv cÖMvp K…wl c×wZ| c„w_exi NbemwZ c~Y© AÂjmg~‡n G c×wZ‡Z K…wlKvh© cÖPwjZ; †hgb (1) `t
c~e© Gwkqvi Pxb, fviZ, evsjv‡`k, gvqvbgvi, kªxjsKv, _vBj¨vÛ; (2) cye© Gwkqvi B‡›`v‡bwkqv, wf‡qZbvg, Rvcvb,
†Kvwiqv BZ¨vw`| ZvQvov bxj b` I UvBwMÖm BD‡d«wUm b`x DcZ¨vKv AÂjmn cwðg BD‡ivcxq †`k, †hgb- †b`vij¨vÛ,
†ejwRqvg, d«vÝ I BZvjx‡Z GB c×wZ Aej¤^‡b Pvlvev` n‡q _v‡K|
ˆewkó¨
1) G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z k‡m¨i Dci †ewk †Rvi †`qv nq Ges wewfbœ cÖKvi k‡m¨i g‡a¨ Lv`¨ km¨ we‡kl K‡i avb
me©Î weivRgvb| Lv`¨km¨ Qvov Zzjv I †ikg Pvl n‡q _v‡K| †hLv‡b avb Pvl nq bv †mLv‡b Mg, evwj©, he,
bvbv ai‡Yi mewR, ZigyR, djg~j, B¶z BZ¨vw` cÖPzi R‡b¥|
2) G c×wZi K…wl‡Z gvbe kªg I Avw`g ai‡Yi K…wl hš¿cvwZ †ewk e¨eüZ nq| hvi d‡j G‡K A‡b‡K Hoe
ms¯‹…wZi AÂj e‡j _v‡K|
3) G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z km¨ c×wZi wewfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq | †hgb- Avš—t K…wl I eûwea K…wl|
4) G K…wl‡Z Lvgvi AvK…wZ¸‡jv LyeB ¶z`ª ai‡bi|
5) G K…wl c×wZ‡Z cÖwZ GKK f‚wg‡Z m‡e©v”P Drcv`b cÖ‡Póv we`¨gvb|
6) G c×wZ‡Z gv_vwcQy Drcv`b Kg nq|
7) G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ †gŠmygx Rjevqy b`x we‡aŠZ De©i g„wËKvi Dci cy†ivcywi wbf©ikxj| Avevi Liv I eb¨v
Øviv G mKj K…wl c×wZ ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡q _v‡K|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 29

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

8) G c×wZ‡Z Drcvw`Z dmjvw`i Lye KgB evRv‡i †h‡Z cv‡i|

9) eûwea km¨ Pvl G c×wZ‡Z cwijw¶Z nq|
10) Pvlvev` wbwg‡Ë f‚wg ˆZwi, km¨ D‡Ëvjb, wbovbx BZ¨vw` gvbe kª‡gi Dci wbf©ikxj Ges wPivqZ jv½j I cï
G †¶‡Î e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|
11) AvaywbK cÖhyw³i Afve Lye cwi¯‹vi fv‡e G c×wZ‡Z cwijw¶Z nq|
12) G ai‡Yi c×wZ‡Z grm¨ Pvl I msMÖn †ek ¸i“Z¡ †c‡q _v‡K|
13) cÖMvp K…wl c×wZ A‡j ZvcgvÎvi Kg mg¯^Z¡& eRvq _v‡K|
14) cÖMvp K…wl c×wZi AÂj¸‡jvi Af¨š—‡i e„wócv‡Zi e¨vcK ZviZg¨ N‡U| †hgb me‡P‡q †ekx 80// (fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k) Ges me‡P‡q Kg †`Lv hvq DËi Pxb A‡j (20// Gi Kg)| d‡j ®úófv‡e wZbwU AÂj
`„k¨gvb nq, †hgb-
♦ me‡P‡q Av`©ª AÂj 80// Gi †ewk e„wócvZ Ges Av`©ª avb †mLv‡b cÖvavb¨ †c‡q _v‡K|
♦ ﯋ AÂj 50//- 80// e„wócvZ Ges †mLv‡b ﯋ avb Pvl e¨vcKfv‡e we`¨gvb|
♦ ﯋Zg AÂj- e„wócvZ 50// Gi bx‡P Ges GLv‡b wbæ mxgvbvq avb Ges D”P mxgvbvq Mg Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ
_v‡K|
15) G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Kl©Y‡hvM¨/Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi AvqZb RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg|
16) G K…wl c×wZ A‡j K…wlR `ª‡e¨i we‡klZt Lv`¨k‡m¨i Pvwn`v Lye †ewk|
17) ¯^í K…wlRwg†Z †ewk cwigv‡Y Lv`¨ km¨ Drcv`‡bi ZvwM‡` ev‡i ev‡i †ewk kªwg‡gKi Rb¨ cÖPzi g~ja‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡o|
18) G K…wl c×wZ A‡j avb cÖavb Drcbœ km¨|
19) G c×wZ‡Z Abvev`x Rwgi wejywß N‡U Ges mvi I Ab¨vb¨ wRwb‡mi †ewk e¨envi cwijw¶Z nq|
20) mvaviYZt wbæf‚wg‡Z G ai‡Yi K…wlKvh© msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e A‡bK mgq cvnv‡oi Xvjy Rwg‡ZI GUv
cwijw¶Z|
21) G ai‡Yi K…wlKv‡R gvSvix ai‡Yi g„wËKv Dc‡hvMx hv‡Z cÖPzi `ªexf‚Z Dw™¢` Lv`¨ eRvq _v‡K Ges mvaviYZt
g„wËKvi Dci mwÂZ cjj g„wËKv Gi Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx|
22) gvbyl f‚wg Abycv‡Z A_©vr RbcÖwZ f‚wgi cwigvY LyeB Kg Ges g„wËKv I AÂj‡f‡` †ek ZviZg¨ we`¨gvb|
†hgb- fvi‡Z 0.9 GKi Pvlv‡hvM¨ f‚wg cÖwZRb, Px‡b 0.3 GKi, Rvcv‡b 0.1 GKi| Avevi Drcv`‡bi
Abycv‡ZI †ek ZviZg¨ †`Lv hvq| GLv‡b Av‡iv D‡j−L¨ †h, c„w_exi g‡a¨ G AÂj `ywf©¶ cÖeY AÂj| ¯^v¯’¨
i¶vi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b cªwZRb †jv‡Ki Rb¨ M‡o 2100 K¨v‡jvixi cÖ‡qvRb A_P me©Î we‡kl K‡i fvi‡Z gvÎ
1900 K¨v‡jvix we`¨gvb|
23) G AÂj c„w_exi Avw`gZg emwZc~Y© GjvKv Avi †h‡nZz K…wlKvR Kgc‡¶ 4000 eQ‡ii cyivZb, myZivs kZvãx
a‡i Zviv DbœZ ms¯‹…wZevb| Zviv fvlv I wjL‡bi w`‡KI BD‡ivc Av‡gwiKv I MÖx‡mi †P‡qI DbœZ A_©vr BD‡ivc I
Av‡gwiKv hLb Aa-ˆckvwPKZvq gMœ, ZLb G A‡ji †jvKRb ag©xq wPš—v †PZbvq DbœZ wQj| Z‡e `yt‡Li welq
AvR Avevi GivB †ewk Awkw¶Z c„w_exi ey‡K| (cÖvq 80% †jvK Awkw¶Z)|
24) g„wËKv weÁvb Abykxj‡b ‡`Lv hvq †h, GKKv‡j G A‡ji K…lKiv †ek DbœZ wQj| Zviv Rvb‡Zv †h Dw™¢`
Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i g„wËKv †_‡K Ges gvbyl †m ¸‡jv‡K mieivn K‡i| A_©vr Mvp Pµ †hwU Dw™¢`, RxeRš‘ I
gvb‡ei wewfbœ eR©¨ †_‡K g„wËKvq wd‡i G‡m †m cywóc~iY Ki‡Zv| MvQcvjv †_‡K meyR mvi, gvby‡li cÖmªve,
cvqLvbv, hv‡Z _v‡K †ek cwigv‡Y `ªexf‚Z cUvk, dmdivm, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Ges A‡bK A`ªexf‚Z c`v‡_©i
mswgkªY Ges bvBU m‡qj (gvbe eR©¨)|
25) mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK c„w_exi me¸‡jv a‡g©i DrcwË G K…wl c×wZ A‡j weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q|
26) G ai‡Yi A‡j GK we‡kl ai‡Yi MÖvgxY emwZ web¨v‡mi D™¢e N‡U‡Q †hLv‡b MÖvgxY eûZ †jvK `jwfwËK
K…wlf‚wgi cv‡k©¦ cyÄxf‚Z n‡q emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i Ges f‚wgiƒc †K K‡i †Zv‡j GK Aciƒc k¨vgjxgvq cwic~Y© hv
eZ©gv‡bi Av‡gwiKv‡ZI Abycw¯’Z| G‡K cÖvP¨ evg©vi MÖvg c×wZ ejv nq- Ges G‡Z A_©‰bwZK (cÖ‡qvRbxq
†ikb KvW, AmyL, `ywf©¶ gyKvwejv FY) I mgvRZvwË¡K Dcv`vb wbwnZ| cwiev‡ii AvbyMZ¨ I wkóvPvi wk‡L|
27) `ye©j hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi m‡½ G c×wZ ms¤ú„³, †hLv‡b KgB cvKv iv¯—v evox Ni i‡q‡Q Avi cÖvavb¨ i‡q‡Q
dzUcvZ KvPv iv¯—vi|
28) Avš—R©vwZK evwYR¨ ej‡Z GLv‡b Abycw¯’Z, ivR‰bwZK wPš—v aviYvi m‡½ Ab¨ A‡ji †ek wgj Ges c„w_exi
gvbyl ¯’vbvš—i BwZnv†m G A‡ji †jvKRb †ewk ¯’vbvš—i N‡U‡Q|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 30
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

e¨vcK K…wl c×wZ

c„w_exi †h mKj A‡j gv_vwcQy km¨ Drcv`b m‡e©v”P cÖvwßi D‡Ï‡k¨ we¯—xY© GjvKv e¨vcx A_P ¯^í kªwgK wbhyw³i
gva¨‡g hvwš¿K cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qv‡M K…wl c×wZ cwiPvwjZ, Zv‡KB e¨vcK K…wl c×wZ ejv n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr G ai‡Yi
K…wl c×wZ‡Z Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg NbemwZ c~Y© GjvKvq AwaK Kl©Y‡hvM¨ f‚wg‡Z A‡c¶vK…Z Kg kªg wKš‘ A_© I
cÖ‡Póv †ewk wb‡qvwRZ Ges D‡Ïk¨B n‡”Q evwYwR¨K nv‡i Drcv`b hv cÖMvp ev wbweo K…wl c×wZi wecixZ|
c„w_exi Kg NbemwZ c~Y© GjvKvq †hgb DËi Av‡gwiKvi hy³ivóª, KvbvWv, `w¶Y Av‡gwiKvi Av‡R©w›Ubv, †ci“
BZ¨vw`, ivwkqv, A‡÷ªwjqv, wbDwRj¨vÛ BZ¨vw` A_©vr bvwZkx‡Zvò I D”P A¶vs‡ki †`kmg~‡n G ai‡Yi K…wl
c×wZi cÖPjb †`Lv hvq| G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi A‡bK¸‡jv ˆewkó¨ we`¨gvb| †hgb-
1. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Lvgv‡ii AvK…wZ eo ai‡Yi n‡q _v‡K| cÖvq 250 †n±‡iiI †ewk| DËi cwðg BD‡iv†c 50
†n±i ev Zvi Kg wKš‘ DËi Av‡gwiKvq Gi AvKvi 100 †n±‡ii †ewk|
2. g~jab †ewk wb‡qvM A_P Kg kªwgK G c×wZi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨|
3. f‚wgi Zzjbvq km¨ Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡Póv m‡e©v”P †ewk| A_©vr gv_vwcQy m‡e©v”P km¨ Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡Póv G c×wZ‡Z
we`¨gvb|
4. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z ïaygvÎ evrmwiK wfwˇZ GK dmjx we‡kl K‡i Mg Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³|
5. G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z g~j †fv³v A_©vr K…lKivB Gi KgB †fvM K‡i _v‡K evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ g~jZ wbwnZ| A_©vr
ißvbx evwYR¨ G K…wl c×wZi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
6. G c×wZ‡Z f‚wgi GKK cÖwZ Drcv`b Kg n‡q _v‡K|
7. GKK Lv`¨ k‡m¨i cÖvavb¨ †ewk †`Lv hvq we‡kl K‡i Mg Pv‡li Ges mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© 90% e¨vcK K…wl c×wZ
GjvKvq G ai‡Yi cÖeYZv we`¨gvb|
8. G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z Drcvw`Z k‡m¨i meB e¨emvi Rb¨ ißvbx gyLx, Lye KgB †fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
9. G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z hvwš¿¿K cÖhyw³i cÖvavb¨ †hgb Uªv±i, dmj KvUv I gvovB hš¿, Pvjv, wQUv‡bv BZ¨vw` Kv‡h© hš¿
e¨eüZ nq|
10. G c×wZ‡Z f‚wgi cªwZ Kg hZœ †bqvi mgq _v‡K|
11. ﮋ I Abye©i Rwg‡Z e¨vcK K…wl c×wZ Dc‡hvMx|
12. e¨vcK K…wl c×wZi Rb¨ Rwg g~jZt mgZj nIqv evÄbxq| †Kbbv eÜzi ai‡Yi f‚-cÖK…wZ I ¶z`ªvqZ‡bi
Rwg‡Z hš¿PvwjZ jv½j e¨envi LyeB Kómva¨|

wgkª K…wl c×wZ

†h K…wl c×wZ‡Z GKB f‚wg‡Z GK m‡½ km¨ Drcv`b I cï cÖwZcvj‡bi gva¨‡g Avq K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K wgkª K…wl
c×wZ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| GwU GKwU Avðh©RbK wgkªY hv‡Z Lv`¨ km¨ Drcv`b I cïPviY DfqB GKB mv‡_
cwiPvwjZ nq| G ai‡Yi K…wli cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Pvlvev‡`i AwbðqZvi SzwK K‡g Avbv A_©vr hw` km¨ ¶wZMÖš’
nq Z‡e K…lK cï weµxi gva¨‡g wKQyUv cywl‡q Avb‡Z m¶g| hw`I G K…wl c×wZ DbœZ we‡k¦ mxgve× Z‡e GLb
GwU `ª“Z MwZ‡Z mviv wek¦gq m¤úÖvmvwiZ n‡”Q| myZivs GwU GKwU Kg SzwKc~Y© Ges c~Y© evwYwR¨K K…wl e¨e¯’v|
ev¯—weKfv‡e GwU Pvlvev` I cïPviY †¶‡Îi g‡a¨ gvSvgvwS GKwU cÖvwš—K K…wlR c×wZ| G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z
GKRb K…lK k‡m¨i Pvlvev` I cï cvjb mshy³ K‡i Dfq †_‡K Avq K‡i| myZivs wgkª K…wl c×wZ
myweavRbKfv‡e cÖvwš—K ch©v‡qi, †hgb GKw`‡K cï cvjb A_©bxwZ Ges km¨ D‡Ëvjb A_©bxwZi GKwU ga¨eZ©x
GK K…wl c×wZ|
wgkª K…wl c×wZ cÖavbZt 2wU A‡j mxgve×, †hgb-
K) BD‡iwkqv AÂj mvB‡ewiqv, nj¨vÛ, wdbj¨vÛ, BD‡µb, d«vÝ, BZvjx BZ¨vw` †hwU 400-650 Dt A¶vsk
ga¨eZ©x AvUjvw›UK DcK‚j †_‡K cÖkvš— gnvmvMixq DcK‚j ch©š— we¯—…Z|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 31

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

L) Av‡gwiKvb AÂj- G A‡ji gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi c~e©vsk we‡kl K‡i RwR©qv, †U‡bmx, IKj¨v‡nvg K¨vbmvm,
†beªvmKv, IwnI, BwÛqvbv BZ¨vw`| cwð‡gi IwiMb I K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvI Gi Aš—f©~³|
GQvov wew”Qbœ fv‡e †K›`ªxq †gw·‡Kv, Di“¸‡q, `w¶Y wPwj, Av‡R©w›Ubvi I `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi †iv†Wwkqvi wKQy Ask G
ai‡bii Pvl c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Q| A‡÷ªwjqv‡ZI G ai‡Yi c×wZ i‡q‡Q| G K…wl c×wZi D‡j−L¨‡hvM¨
ˆewkó¨vejx wb‡æ cÖ`Ë n‡jvt
1. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z K…l‡Ki wZbwU D‡Ï‡k¨ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q, †hgb K) cï Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e (L) evRv‡i weµx K‡i A_©
Av†qi c_ wn‡m‡e M) wb‡R‡`i †fvM¨cb¨ wn‡m‡e|
2. Bnv Ggb GKwU K…wl c×wZ hv RxweKv wbe©vnx K…wl I evwYwR¨K ai‡Yi K…wli cÖvwš—K Ae¯’vq Ae¯’vb K‡i|
3. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z cÖvq 90% Rwg‡Z K…wlKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Ges cï Pvi‡Yi †P‡q km¨ Drcv`‡bi Dci
†Rvi/ZvwM` †`qv nq|
4. wgkª K…wl†Z wewfbœ ai‡Yi c×wZ we`¨gvb| Bnv Aby‡gq †h Kg ZvcgvÎvi Kvi‡Y K…lKiv eQ‡ii wKQy mgq
KvRKg©nxb Ae¯’vq _v‡K Ges G mgq¸‡jv‡Z cïcvjb K‡i _v‡K A_©vr AjmZvq w`bvwZcvZ K‡i _v‡K|
5. G c×wZ‡Z k‡m¨i wZbwU f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| cïi Lv`¨, A_©Kix dmj Ges cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Avnv‡ii Rb¨|
6. G c×wZ‡Z Drcvw`Z D×…Z k‡m¨i AwaKvskB evRv‡i wewµ nq|
7. wgkª K…wl c×wZ‡Z ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q km¨veZ©b c×wZ AbymiY K‡i g„wËKvi De©iZv eRvq ivLvi gvb‡m g„wËKvi
cywó i¶vi wbwg‡Ë weKí km¨veZ©b AbymiY Kiv nq|
8. Pvlvev‡` ch©vq µgZv G c×wZ‡Z we`¨gvb| †hgbt K) cÖ_g ch©v‡q wb‡R‡`i †fvM `L‡ji Rb¨ Lv`¨km¨ I
mewR Drcv`b K‡i; L) wØZxq ch©v‡q cïcvj‡bi wbwg‡Ë Nvm RvZxq Avjdv, †K¬vfvi, †n BZ¨vw` Pvl K‡i
_v‡K; M) cïcvj‡bi Rb¨ f‚wgi e¨envi Ges N) evwYwR¨K Kviev‡ii Rb¨ wKQy `vbv k‡m¨i Pvl K‡i _v‡K|
†hgb- Mg, ivB|
9. wgkª K…wl c×wZ‡Z Lvgv‡ii AvKvi mvaviYZ eo ai‡Yi Ges wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq| †hgb- 50
†_‡K 250 GK‡ii g‡a¨| mvaviYZt BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv‡Z †QvU Ges DËi Av‡gwiKv‡Z eo AvKv‡ii Lvgvi
cwi`„ó nq|
10. mviv eQi †Kvb bv †Kvb KvR K…wl †¶‡Î eRvq _vKvq †gŠmygx †eKvi/AmjZv `„wó‡MvPi nq bv Ges kªwg‡Ki
Pvwn`v mviv eQi cÖvq GKB _v‡K|
11. wgkª K…wl c×wZ‡Z RxebhvÎvi gvb I gv_vwcQy Av‡qi gvb I h‡_ó D”P I †ewk|
12. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z cïi Dci †Rvi †`qv nq| †Kbbv gybvdv †¶‡Î cï cvjbB †ewk jvfRbK I DrmRbK|
Mi“, †gl, gyiMx I †fov cÖwZcvwjZ nq UvKv †ivRMv‡ii gva¨g wn‡m‡e| gvsm, `ya, Pvgov, wWg, ckg BZ¨vw`
GK‡Î Lvgv‡ii Av‡qi cÖvq 80% ms¯’vb K‡i|
13. wgkª K…wl c×wZ evwYwR¨K Kvh©Kjv†ci cÖwZ g~jZt f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| Z‡e ¯’vb †f‡` Gi evwYwR¨K KiY Kg †ewk
n‡q _v‡K| Av‡gwiKv I Av‡R©w›Ubv A‡j GwU cyivcywi evwYwR¨K, K…lKiv mvgvb¨B †fvM K‡i _v‡K|
14. G c×wZ‡Z mvaviYZ K…lK wb‡R I Zvi cwievif‚³ †jvKRb f‚wg‡Z kªg cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
15. Rwg‡Z cÖPzi hš¿, mvi, DbœZ gv‡bi exR e¨eüZ nq, d‡j Rwgi Drcv`bkxjZvi nvi †ewk|
16. bvbv iKg k‡m¨i Pvlvev‡`i Kvi‡Y we‡kl †Kvb k‡m¨i `v‡g n«vm e„w× K…l†Ki †Kvb ¶wZ nq bv|
17. wgkª K…wl c×wZ c„w_exi K‡qKwU ‡`‡ki mxwgZ †Kbbv GKm‡½ wewfbœ dm‡ji Dc‡hvMx cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki
Afve †`Lv hvq|
18. wgkª K…wl c×wZi Rb¨ Drcv`b †¶‡Îi mwbœK‡U evRvi, dm‡ji Pvwn`v I fv‡jv g~j¨mn myjf I mnR cwienY
e¨e¯’v, cÖMwZkxj I Dbœqb gyLx `¶ K…lK cÖ‡qvRb|
19. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z k‡m¨i Rb¨ f‚wgi cwigv‡Yi Dci we‡kl †Rvi †`qv nq hvi A_© `vovq †h gvÎ ¯^í
cwigvY cïi Rb¨ ¯^vfvweK Dw™¢¾ Rb¥v‡bv|
20. wgkª K…wl c×wZi cÖvavb¨ GjvKvq cwi‡ek AbyK‚j nq gvs‡ki Rb¨ cï Pvi‡Yi| g„wËKv mvaviYZt gvSvwi ¸bv¸b
m¤úbœ, ZvcgvÎv I gvSvwi ai‡Yi kxZKv‡j VvÛv ei‡di D‡a© MÖx®§Kvj 500-720, mgZj RvZxq f‚-cÖK…wZ cÖf…wZ|
21. G c×wZ A‡j NbemwZ, †jvKR‡bi †ek nv‡i bM‡ii emev‡mi cÖebZv, †jvKRb gvsk †fvRx, µq ¶gZv
†ewk, cwienY e¨e¯’v †ek DbœZ BZ¨vw`|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 32
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

f‚-ga¨mvMixq K…wl c×wZ

f‚ga¨mvMixq K…wl kãwU GKvwaK wgkªY ai‡Yi Kg©Kv‡Ûi m‡½ RwoZ (cï cvjb I km¨ Drcv`b A_ev DfqB) hv
c„w_exi cÖavbZ 5wU A‡j weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| e„nËg AÂjwU cÖvq f‚-ga¨mvMi‡K †e÷b K‡i‡Q Ges m¤¢eZt
me©e„nr cÖ_g e‡j G bvgwU GLvb †_‡K DØ„Ë n‡q‡Q|
f‚ga¨mvMixq K…wl GKwU GKK Ges eûgvwÎK Pvlvev` cÖ`k©bKvix| GLvbKvi Rjevqy Ggb fv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q
†h wPivqZ I evwYwR¨K Dfq K…wl Hk¦h©gwÛZ nq hv‡Z Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b, dj D‡Ëvjb, evMvb Ggb wK cy‡¯úv`¨vb
I dj D`¨vb m‡gZ eySv‡bv nq|
f‚gamvMixq ZxieZ©x AÂj I Abyiƒc ˆewkó¨c~Y© Ab¨vb¨ A‡j K…wl I cïPvib G `y‡qi wgj‡b we‡kl ai‡Yi M‡o
DVv K…wl c×wZB f‚ga¨mvMixq K…wl c×wZ bv‡g AwfwnZ|
G A‡ji Rjevqy GKK ˆewkó¨c~Y©| kxZKv‡j mvaviYZt e„wócvZ nq Ges MÖx®§Kvj ﯋, †Kvb e„wócvZ N‡U bv|
evwl©K e„wócvZ Lye Kg- 50 †mt wgt| †gŠmygx A‡ji wbKUeZ©x nIqv m‡Z¡I Gi f‚-cÖK…wZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewk‡ó¨ wfbœZv weivRgvb| evwl©K ZvcgvÎv mvaviYZt 100 †mt †_‡K 300 †mt ch©š—| A_©vr G A‡ji
K…wl Dc‡fvM K‡i Dc-Av`©ª ai‡Yi Rjevqy ‡hLv‡b M‡o evwl©K e„wócvZ 10//-40// Z‡e ZvI Avevi AwbwðZ
cÖK…wZi|
c„w_exi wewfbœ A‡j †hLv‡b G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ, Zv‡`i g‡a¨-
1. f‚ga¨mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x AÂj, †hgb- d«vÝ, †®úb, AvjwRwiqv, gi‡°v, Zzi¯‹, wZDwbwkqv, MÖxm, cZ©yMvj, BZvwj
BZ¨vw`|
2. hy³iv‡óªi K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv, (3) `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi `w¶Yvsk, (4) `w¶Y A‡÷ªwjqvi wbæ Wvwj©s b`x AeevwnKv
A_©vr 300-450 DËi I `w¶Y-A¶vs‡k Aew¯’Z †`kmg~‡n G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ we`¨gvb|
ˆewkó¨vejx
1. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ GKwU GKvwaK Kvh©µg †hLv‡b km¨ Drcv`b, evMvb, g`¨ wkí, cïPvi‡Yi m‡½ mswk−ó|
2. G K…wl c×wZ nwU©KvjPvi I kvK mewRi mgš^‡q MwVZ|
3. kxZKvjxb e„wócvZ mvaviYZ G A‡j dj I mewR Drcv`‡b we‡kl myweav cÖ`vb K‡i|
4. MÖx®§Kvjxb ﯋ mg‡q Wygyi, RjcvB BZ¨vw` cÖKv‡ii d‡ji Pvl fvj nq|
5. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z cïPviY I D”P ai‡Yi Av_©‰bwZK wµqvKjv‡ci cwiPq enb K‡i|
6. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Drcvw`Z km¨ g~jZt evRvigyLx|
7. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z g~j¨evb g`¨ Drcbœ nq|
8. RjcvB, Wzgyi, †LRyi Ges Av½yi cÖf…wZ G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi gva¨‡g Pvlvev` n‡q _v‡K|
9. f‚wgi D”PZv wfwËK Pvlvev` G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ A‡j we`¨gvb †hgb- mvaviYZt wbæ DcZ¨Kvq mewR,
ce©‡Zi D”P As‡k Av½yi, Wzgyi, RjcvB Ges ce©‡Zi wbæv‡j `vbv RvZxq k‡m¨i Pvl nq|
10. kxZKvjxb e„wócv‡Zi `i“b Mg, evwj©, f‚‡Ævi m‡½ wkg, gUiïwU, MvRi, wcqvR, U‡g‡Uv, †jUzm evavKwc
BZ¨vw` mewRi Pvl Ges avb, mewR, dj cÖf…wZ †m‡Pi gva¨‡g MÖx®§Kvjxb dm‡ji Pvl n‡q _v‡K|

GK dmjx K…wl c×wZ

†h †Kvb GKwU dmj Drcv`‡bi wbwg‡Ë †h K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ, Zv‡K GK dmjx K…wl c×wZ ejv nq| A_©vr GwU
GKwU GK dmj †K›`ªxK Pvlvev` c×wZ hvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wbwnZ idZvbxg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û Ges Drcv`‡bi wmsnfvMB
hvq Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i| GwU GKwU ˆewP‡Î¨m~PK evMvb K…wl †hLvbKvi g„wËKv I K…wlR Rjevqyi Ae¯’v GKK km¨
Pvlvev‡`i mnvqK|
AbybœZ AÂjmn hy³iv‡óªi Zzjv ej‡q Zzjv Pvl, KvbvWvi `w¶Yvs‡ki †cÖBix A‡j Mg, fvi‡Zi wbæ `v‡gv`i
DcZ¨Kvq cvU I DËi e‡½ Pv, wKDevq B¶z, Rvcv‡b avb, eªvwR‡ji Kwd Pvl cÖf…wZ A‡j GK dmjx K…wl c×wZ
cÖPwjZ|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 33

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. mvaviYZt AbybœZ A‡j K…wli ˆewPÎvq‡bi Afv‡e G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb †`Lv hvq|
2. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z Dchy³ dmj eQ‡ii ci eQi Pvl Kiv m¤¢e| d‡j K…lKMY H dmjwU m¤ú‡K©
cvi`wk©Zv e„w× cvq| Z‡e dmj Drcv`b e¨q n«vm cvq wKš‘ Rwgi De©iZv bó n‡Z _v‡K|
3. GKwU gvÎ dm‡ji Pvlvev‡`i `i“b H mgqUzKz e¨ZxZ evKx mg‡q K…wl mswk−ó‡`i KvRnxb Ae¯’vq e‡m
_vK‡Z nq| d‡j gy½v ev †eKivË¡ j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
4. mvaviYZt K…wlR`ªe¨ Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i idZvbxi D‡Ï‡k¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq, d‡j evRv‡ii gyLv‡c¶x Pvwn`v
I `v‡gi AwbðqZv e¨emv evwYR¨ P‡µi g›`v, †eKviZ¡ I cvwievwiK †Mvjgv‡ji m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| d‡j
Drcv`b I weµ‡q cÖvqB AmvgÄm¨ N‡U _v‡K|
5. evRvi Pvwn`v Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdvi gvb‡m be be A‡j H me dmj Drcv`‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

`yB dmjx K…wl c×wZ

†h K…wl c×wZ‡Z eQ‡i `yBwU dmj/km¨ Pvl Kiv nq, Zv‡K ‰ØZ ev `yB dmjx K…wl c×wZ ejv nq|
`w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvi NbemwZc~Y© GjvKv, DËi cwðg BD‡ivc Ges µvš—xq Avwd«Kvi wKQy As‡k GB ai‡Yi K…wl
c×wZi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q|
ˆewkó¨vejx
1. cÖwZ eQi `ywU k‡m¨i D‡Ëvjb G K…wl c×wZi g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨|
2. el©vKv‡j evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Z G c×wZ‡Z cÖavbZt Lv`¨km¨, †hgb Lvwickm¨ Drcvw`Z nq, Avi ﯋,
kxZKv‡j mewR, Wvj, mwilv BZ¨vw` †hgb iwe km¨ Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K|
3. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z Rwg‡Z Pvc envj _vKvq De©iZv webó n‡Z cv‡i|
4. †Kvb Kvi‡Y GKwU dm‡ji ¶wZ mvab n‡jI K…l‡Ki eo ai‡Yi wec‡`i m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq bv|
eûZ¡ ev eûwea K…wl c×wZ
eûZ¡ K…wl n‡”Q eû km¨ web¨vm K…wl c×wZ †hLv‡b cÖwZ eQi `y‡qi AwaK km¨ D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| A_©vr GKB
Rwg‡Z eQ‡i eû k‡m¨i Pvlvev‡`i gva¨‡g km¨ N‡i D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq, Zv‡KB eûZ¡ K…wl c×wZ ejv nq|
`w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvi D”P Nb emwZ c~Y© GjvKv we‡kl K‡i Pxb, fviZ, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, _vBj¨vÛ, evsjv‡`k cÖf…wZ
†`‡k G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb we`¨gvb|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. D”P RbmsL¨vi Pvc, Pvlvev`‡hvM¨ f‚wgi Afve Ges K…wli Dci †ewk wbf©ikxjZvi `i“b, mviv eQiB dm‡ji
Pvlvev` e¨wZ‡i‡K Ab¨‡Kvb MZ¨š—i †bB †nZz, G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi D™¢e N‡U‡Q|
2. Awaevmx‡`i DcvR©b I Lv`¨ mieiv‡ni ZvwM‡` f‚wg me©`vB Pvlvev‡`i gva¨‡g e¨¯— _vK‡Z nq| d‡j Rwg‡Z
De©iZv bó nIqvi AvksKv _v‡K|
mvgš—Zvwš¿K K…wl c×wZ
Bnv GKwU ga¨hyMxq K…wl c×wZ, †hLv‡b Rwg`vi ev Rwgi gvwjKvbvi `vwe‡Z m¤ú~Y©fv‡e K…wl c×wZ‡K wbqš¿Y Ges
Rwgi gvwjK wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i| f‚wgi Dci gvwjKvbvmn K…wl c×wZi cy‡ivcywi wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ Kiv‡K
mvgš—Zvwš¿K K…wl c×wZ ejv nq|
we‡k¦i ‡h mg¯— AÂj AbybœZ, †mLv‡bB G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb we`¨gvb| Z‡e ga¨hyMxq G K…wl c×wZi
e¨vcK cÖPjb eZ©gv‡b ûevûe bv _vK‡jI mgv‡R ms‡kvwaZ AvKv‡i GLbI Pj‡Q|
ˆewkó¨vejx
1. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z K…lK‡`i AwaKvskB Rwgi gvwjKvbvwenxb Ges Drcv`‡bi Lye mvgvb¨B †c‡q _v‡K|
2. G c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b LyeB wbæ gv‡bi I Kg †Kbbv G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z g„wËKvi De©iZv ¶gZv µgvš^‡q
n«vm cvq Ges Drcv`b c×wZ cÖvq AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 34
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

3. G K…wl c×wZ Rwgi cÖK…Z gvwjK _v‡Kb Abycw¯’Z|

4. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z Rwg`vi I cÖK…Z Pvlxi gv‡S ga¨mZ¡ †fvM¨ †kªYxi Dcw¯’Z we`¨gvb|
5. G c×wZ‡Z †Kvb DbœZ ˆeÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
6. K…wlR c‡Y¨i DbœwZ I †ewk Drcv`‡bi cÖwZ f‚-¯^vgxi †Kvb j¶¨ _v‡K bv|

abZvwš¿K K…wl c×wZ

e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v³viv m‡e©v”P gybvdv jv‡fi wbwg‡Ë G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi g~jZt cÖPjb Ges G‡Z e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©UvB
eo Ges mvgvwRK Kj¨vY †MŠb| A_©vr †h K…wl c×wZ‡Z abvq‡bi wbwg‡Ë †h me dmj Drcbœ Kiv nq ZvB
abZvwš¿K K…wl c×wZ|
BD‡ivc, DËi Av‡gwiKv, `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv I Avwd«Kvi K‡qKwU †`‡k G ai‡Yi K…wl cÖ_vi cÖPjb we`¨gvb|
ZvQvov fvi‡Zi cvÄve, nwiqvbv iv‡R¨I G ai‡Yi K…wl e¨e¯’v †`Lv hvq|

ˆewkó¨vmg~n
1. mgv‡Ri mK‡ji Kj¨v‡Yi cwie‡Z© e¨w³MZ ¯^v_© i¶vi ZvwM`B G K…wl c×wZ‡Z we`¨gvb|
2. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Rwgi gvwjK evRv‡i cY¨ mvgMÖx weµxi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ gybvdvi Avkvq cybivq cywR
wewb‡qvM K‡i _v‡Kb|
3. G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z hyMvš—Kvix D™¢veb N‡U, cªPzi h‡š¿i e¨envi, DbœZ mvi I exR, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw`i e¨vcK
e¨envi Ges Rwg I gv_vwcQy Drcv`‡b AvKvk Kzmyg e„w× cvq|

mgvRZvwš¿K K…wl c×wZ

G c×wZ‡Z f‚wgi gvwjKvbv I m‡e©vcwi wbqš¿Yfvi iv‡óªi| K…lK Zv‡`i Drcv`b-gRyix Ask ïay †c‡q _v‡Kb|
A_©vr †h c×wZ‡Z Rwg I Zvi Pvlvev`, wbqš¿Y, g~jab BZ¨vw` ivóª enb K‡i, †m c×wZB mgvRZvwš¿K K…wl
c×wZ|
Pxb I c~e©Zb †mvwf‡qZ mvaviYZ‡š¿ G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb wQj| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡bi Pxb I wKDev Qvov Avi
†Kv_vI G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb †bB|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. e¨w³MZ nvZ †_‡K f‚wgi gvwjKvbv miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y P‡j Av‡m| A_©vr ¶z`ª ¯^v_© †Mvôxi cwie‡Z© RbM‡Yi
miKv‡ii wbKU G K…wl c×wZ‡Z cÖPjb|
2. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z K…l‡Ki wbR¯^ †Kvb RwgRgv _v‡K bv|
3. iv‡óªi wbqš¿‡Y e„n`vqZb Lvgv‡i Pvlvev` G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb|
4. DbœZ hš¿cvwZ I ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K|
5. km¨ Drcv`bkxjZv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e G K…wl c×wZ‡Z †ewk n‡q _v‡K|
ivóªxq Lvgvi c×wZ
GwU GK mgvRZvwš¿K aviYv| †hLv‡b Lvgvi msMV‡bi gvwjK ivóª Ges hš¿cvwZ g~jab Ges evRvRvZKiYmn
gwbUwis e¨e¯’vi e¨vcv‡i ivóªxq wbqš¿Y ejer _v‡K| A_©vr †h mKj Lvgvi gvwjKmn mg¯— ai‡Yi wbqš¿Y ¶gZv
iv‡óªi, Zv‡K ivóªxq Lvgvi c×wZ ejv nq| c~e©Zb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖe³v| eZ©gv‡b
c„w_exi †Kv_vqI G ai‡Yi c×wZi cÖPjb †bB ej‡jB P‡j|
G ai‡Yi Lvgvi eZ©gv‡b Avi †Kv_vI †bB, ïay BwZnv‡m Gi ¯’vb †_‡K †M‡Q|
ˆewkó¨vejx
1. Bnv GKwU ivóªxq wbqš¿‡Y K…wl c×wZ|
2. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z e¨w³MZ Lvg‡Lqvjxi my‡hvM Abycw¯’Z|
3. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z ˆeÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ, mvi, exR, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw`i cÖ‡qvM h_vh_fv‡e my‡hvM we`¨gvb _v‡K|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 35

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

4. e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZvi †Kvb g~j¨ G K…wl c×wZ‡Z _v‡K bv| Z‡e Drcv`b †ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y K…l‡Ki †fv‡Mi
Ask †ewk _v‡K|
5. G c×wZ‡Z †Kvb ab ˆelg¨ _v‡K bv|
6. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z K…wli DbœwZ, Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×, D”Pdjbkxj exR, mvi, KxUbvkK Jla BZ¨vw`i
mwVK cÖ‡qvM I M‡elYvi cÖ‡Kvc GLv‡b †ewk Dcw¯’Z|
mgevq Lvgvi K…wl c×wZ
†h K…wl c×wZ‡Z K…lK‡`i mg¯— Pvlvev` †hvM¨ f‚wg mgev‡qi gva¨‡g †h mKj dmj D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq Zv‡K
mgevq Lvgvi K…wl c×wZ ejv nq| GK`v G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡K Dbœqbkxj K…wl A_©bxwZi me©wea msKU
†gvPbKvix wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ wQj| e¨w³MZ fv‡e K…lKiv mK‡ji ci¯úi DcKv‡ii mv‡_© Zv‡`i mg¯— f‚wg
GKwÎZ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g Pvlvev` KivB mgevq Lvgvi K…wl c×wZi g~j j¶¨|
Pxb, Bmªv‡qj, †gw·‡Kv I fvi‡Z G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ|

ˆewkó¨mg~n
1. G c×wZ‡Z ¶z`ª ¶z`ª AvqZ‡bi Rwgi GKÎxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g e„n`vKvqZb Dcv‡q Pvlvev` Kiv n‡jI gvwjKvbv
wKš‘ eRvq _v‡K|
2. e„nr AvKv‡ii Lvgvi¸‡jv‡Z eo ai‡Yi hvwš¿KxKiY m¤¢e d‡j Drcv`b e¨q n«vm wKš‘ Drcv`b cwigvY †ewk
n‡q _v‡K|
3. ¯^í g~jab n‡jI mgevq cÖ_vi gva¨‡g DbœZ exR, mvi, KxUbvkK BZ¨vw` e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g DbœZ ai‡Yi
Pvlvev` m¤¢e|

e¨w³MZ K…wl c×wZ

e¨w³MZ K…wl c×wZ‡Z f‚wgi gvwjK GKRb Ges mg¯— Pvlvev` cÖwµqv H GKRb Øviv gwbUwis Kiv nq Zvi wb‡Ri
mš—wói gvb‡m| A_©vr K…lK Zvi Rwg‡Z wbR kªg Øviv A_ev fvovq kªwgK wb‡qvM`v‡bi gva¨‡g †h K…wlKvh©
cwiPvjbv Kiv nq, Zv‡KB e¨w³MZ K…wl c×wZ ejv nq| G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ `ywU Dcv‡q Kiv n‡q _v‡K, †hgb-
(1) K…lK wb‡R Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨e„›` A_ev fvov Kiv kªwgK wb‡qvM`v‡bi gva¨‡g Rwg Pvl K‡i Zvi Drcvw`Z
km¨ ZvivB †fvM K‡ib| GB cÖ_v‡K wbR¯^ e¨w³MZ K…wl c×wZ ejv nq, (2) eM©v cÖ_v ev fvMPvlx n‡”Q H Rwg‡Z
fvMPvlx Rwg Pvl K‡i Drcbœ dm‡ji GKwU Ask Rwgi gvwjK‡K cÖ`vb K‡i wKš‘ †Kvb mgq †m H Rwgi gvwjK
n‡Z cv‡i bv|
fviZ I evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq cÖwZwU mgv‡R G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb †`Lv hvq|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. Rwgi gvwjKvbv bv _vK‡jI K…lK Zvi wb‡Ri gZ K‡i Pvlvev‡`i gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z c‡b¨i cÖvc¨ Ask Av`vq
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2. †h‡nZz wb‡Ri Rwg bq, †m‡nZz mvi, exR BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶†Î K…lK‡`i Abxnv cÖvqB we`¨gvb _v‡K|

evwYwR¨K K…wl c×wZ

†h K…wl c×wZ evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯^í msL¨K kªwgK wb‡qvM wKš‘ e¨vcK hvwš¿KxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ A‡c¶vK…Z
e„n`vqZb Lvgv‡i km¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K evwYwR¨K K…wl c×wZ ejv nq|
c„w_exi Dfq †Mvjv‡a© we‡kl K‡i DËi †Mvjv‡a©i 300-550 ga¨eZ©x A‡ji Af¨š—ifvM I `w¶Y †Mvjv‡a©i Kg
emwZc~Y© Dc‡gi“ A‡j evwYwR¨K K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ| A_©vr 1) BD‡µb †_‡K cwðg mvB‡ewiqv, DR‡ewK¯—vb;
2) hy³ivóª, KvbvWv, Av‡R©w›Ubv, A‡÷ªwjqv wbDwRj¨vÛ Rvg©vbx, d«vÝ I †b`vij¨vÛ; 3) BD‡ivcxq †¯úc, DËi
Av‡gwiKvi †cÖBix Av‡R©w›Ubvi c_cvm `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi †f›` wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi K¨v›Uvievix mgZj f‚wg Ges `w¶Y
Avwd«Kvi wbæ Z…Yf‚wg A‡j G ai‡Yi K…wli cÖPjb we`¨gvb|
ZvQvov A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z g¨v‡iWvwj©s b`x AeevwnKv, cv_© wd«g¨v›U‡ji wbKUeZ©x A‡jI G ai‡Yi K…wl cÖ_v i‡q‡Q|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 36
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. D”P gvbyl I f‚wg AbycvZ, Lvgv‡ii AvKvi e„nr, kªgjä kªwg‡Ki Afve, f‚wgi GKi cÖwZ Kg Drcv`b,
gv_vwcQy Drcv`b †ewk, GKK k‡m¨i cÖvavb¨, g~ja‡bi cÖMvpZv, ¯’vqx I PjwZ e¨‡qi cÖvPzh©Zv, †ekx
hvwš¿KxKiYi gvÎv, DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM I cwienY e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw` ˆewkó¨ G K…wl c×wZ†Z we`¨gvb|
2. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z A_©Kix dmj (†hgb Mg) Drcv`‡bi Dci †ewk ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq|
3. †h me A‡j ZvcgvÎv we‡kl K‡i MÖx®§Kv‡j M‡o 200 †m Ges e„wócvZ 25-50 †mt wgt, †mLv‡b G ai‡Yi
K…wl c×wZ Abym„Z nq|
4. De©i K…l g„wËKv A_ev mvi‡bv‡Rg g„wËKv G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi Dc‡hvMx|
5. ißvbxgyLx dmj Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y Avš—R©vwZK evRvi P‡µi m‡½ Drcvw`Z dm‡ji g~‡j¨i n«vm-e„w×, be be
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi AvksKv BZ¨vw` G K…wl c×wZi m‡½ I‡ZvcÖ‡Zvfv‡e RwoZ|
Avw`g RxweKvwfwËK ¯’vbvš—wiZ K…wl c×wZ
GwU me‡P‡q cÖvPxb, mnR, AcwiewZ©Z Ges wb‡R‡`i Rxeb avi‡Yi wbwg‡Ë Pvlvev`, †ekxi fvM µvš—xq DcRvZxq
†MvÎ Øviv Abym„Z nq| A_©vr †h cÖvPxb, AbybœZ K…wl c×wZ‡Z g~jZ µvš—xq DcRvZxq †jvKR†bi Abymi‡Yi
gva¨‡g RxweKv aviY K‡i _v‡K †mB K…wl c×wZ‡K Avw`g RxweKv wfwËK ¯’vbvš—i K…wl c×wZ ejv nq|
µvš—xq AÂj eivei we‡kl K‡i `w¶Y I `w¶Y c~e© Gwkqv, †K›`ªxq Av‡gwiKv Ges µvš—xq Avwd«Kvq G ai‡Yi
wPivqZ cÖ_vq Pvlvev` we`¨gvb| A_©vr `w¶Y Av‡gwiKvi AvgvRvb b`x AeevwnKv, †gw·‡Kv ga¨ Avwd«Kv, `w¶Y
c~e© Gwkqv, evsjv‡`kmn c~e© fviZxq Øxccy‡Äi we¯—…Z A‡j G K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb we`¨gvb|
ˆewkó¨mg~n
1. hw`I ¯’vbvš—i K…wl c×wZ ejv nq, Z‡e wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Gi wewfbœ bv‡gi cÖPjb we`¨gvb| †hgb- Szg
(evsjv‡`kmn DËi c~e©fviZ), jvfvs (gvj‡qwkqv), ûmvB (B‡›`v‡bwkqv), †Pbv (kªxjsKv) †KBb wRb I
†mvqvB‡Wb (wdwjcvBb), UvgivB (_vBj¨vÛ), UvDbMv (gvqvbgvi), gv‡mvwj (Rvqv‡i) wmjcv (†ev‡Wwkqv)
bMvmy (my`vb), Kby‡Kv I †ivKv (eªvwRj I †fwbRy‡qjv) BZ¨vw`|
2. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Drcvw`Z mg¯— dmjB Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i ¶yav/ Pvwn`v †gUvq|
3. †Mvôx Rxeb G K…wl c×wZi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| Rwgi Dci e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvi cwie‡Z© cy‡iv `j ev †Mvôx
cÖav‡bi Dci _v‡K|
4. G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z ¯’vbvš—‡ii c‡_, `‡ji m`©vi ev `jcwZ Pvlvev‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Nb ebf‚wg cQ›` I wPwýZ
K‡i _v‡K, hv‡Z f‚wgi Xvjmn myôz wb¯‹vkb e¨e¯’v we`¨gvb _v‡K| cieZ©x‡Z Zviv G ebf‚wgi eb DRvo K‡i
†`q, Av¸‡b cywo‡q A_ev KZ©b cÖwµqvq| †mLv‡b f‚wg cwi¯‹vi, exRecb I Pvlvev` P‡j †ek K‡qK eQi|
Avevi 2/3 eQi ci H ¯’vb Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î evmv †e‡a Avevi Pvlvev` cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _v‡K|
5. G c×wZ‡Z BZ¯—Zt wew¶ß f‚wgL‡Û ¶z`ª ¶z`ª AvKv‡i GKm‡½ eûk‡m¨i Pvlvev` cÖ_vi cÖPjb we`¨gvb|
6. gvgyjx ai‡Yi hš¿cvwZ hv‡Z †Kvb cwieZ©‡bi †Qvqv jv‡Mwb G K…wl c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|
7. Av¸b Øviv ebf‚wg cwi¯‹vi Kivi `i“b H g„wËKvi cywó e„w× K‡i|
8. G c×wZ‡Z km¨eZ©‡bi cwie‡Z© †¶ÎveZ©b c×wZ Abym„Z n‡q _v‡K|
9. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b cÖwµqv I e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ AvRI Avw`g I AgvwR©Z|
10. G Avw`g c×wZ AvRI cÖavb Rb‡mªvZ †_‡K eû `~‡i Aew¯’Z| G Rb‡Mvôx mvaviYZt Mfxi Ai‡Y¨ ev cvnvox
GjvKvq emwZ ¯’vcb Kivq mf¨Zvi g~j aviv †_‡K wew”Qbœ|
11. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z K…lKiv mvaviYZt eb¨Rš‘ I grm¨ wkKvi Øviv RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|
12. K…wlwe` I cÖK…wZwe‡`i `„wó‡Z G K…wl c×wZ GKwU A‰eÁvwbK I aŸsmvZ¡K| wbwe©Pv‡i eb aŸs‡mi d‡j ebR
m¤ú‡`i aŸsm h_vh_ Ae¨envi Ges cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ webó nq|
13. ebf‚wg DRv‡oi Kvi‡Y g„wËKv mn‡R ¶q cÖwµqv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| Avi g„wËKv ¶q f‚wgam mn b`xc_‡K
msKxb© K‡i †`q|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 37

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

14. G c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` eo ai‡Yi eb DRv‡oi KviY NUvq Ges H ebf‚wg cybivq M‡o DV‡Z cÖvq 50/70 eQi
†j‡M hvq| d‡j G ai‡Yi aŸsm jxjv eo AvKv‡ii fqvbK wech©‡qi KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
15. b`xi MwZ c_ cÖvqkB cwiewZ©Z nq| d‡j fqven eb¨v I f‚wgK¤ú H GjvKvi Rb¨ eo wec`RbK|
16. †h‡nZz G K…wl c×wZ cy‡ivcywifv‡e RxweKv wbe©vnx, myZivs †h †Kvb ai‡Yi cÖvK…wZK wech©q †hgb, eb¨v, Liv
gvbyl‡K eûw`b Abvnv‡i _vK‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
17. †h‡nZz G K…wl c×wZ Mfxi Nb AiY¨ we`¨gvb, myZivs eb¨ cÖvYx, †cvKvgvKo I AmyL wemyL km¨ c×wZ‡K
IjU cvjU K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|
18. cwi‡ek msi¶Y K‡í G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ wec¾bK I Zv wewfbœ Dcv‡q wbi“rmvn Kiv DwPZ|

Avw`g RxweKv wbe©vnx ¯’vqx K…wl c×wZ

¯’vbvš—i RxweKv wbe©vnx K…wl c×wZi gZ bv n‡jI ¯’vqx Avw`g RxweKv wbe©vnx wfwËK K…wl n‡”Q w¯’i I
AcwieZ©bxq| MÖvg †ewóZ GjvKvq ¯’vqx wfwËK G ai‡Yi K…wli cÖPjb Lv‡Z ¯’vbvš—i ai‡Yi K…wli ˆewkó¨
we`¨gvb| A_©vr ¯’vbvš—i K…wli wØZxq ch©v‡qi G K…wl c×wZ‡Z †Kvb MÖvgxY cwi‡ek †ewóZ GjvKvq ¯’vqxfv‡e †h
K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb we`¨gvb ZvB Avw`g RxweKv wfwËK ¯’vqx K…wl c×wZ|
G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ µvš—xq e„wóeûj AiY¨f‚wgi cÖvwš—K ¯’vbmg~n A_ev evB‡i, Dcµvš—xq I bvwZkx‡Zvò gvjf‚wg
A‡j †`Lv hvq| `w¶Y cye© Gkxq †`kmg~‡n we‡kl K‡i B‡›`v‡bwkqv gvj‡qwkqv gvqvbgvi AvgvRvb DcZ¨Kv
Ges c~e© fviZxq Øxccy‡Ä G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ e¨vcK fv‡e Abym„Z nq|
ˆewkó¨vejx
1. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ gvbyl kªwg‡Ki cwie‡Z© cï kw³i Dci wbf©ikxj|
2. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb †hme ¯’v‡b we`¨gvb †m me ¯’v‡b Ab¨vb¨ ai‡Yi A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ, †hgb-
Lwb, e¨emv I wk‡íi cÖPjb _v‡K|
3. G K…wl c×wZ mvaviYZt ¯’vqxfv‡e emwZ¯’vcb Kvix DcRvZxq‡`i g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ|
4. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z †ekxi fvMB `vbv km¨ Drcbœ n‡q _v‡K|
5. Bnv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© ¯^qs m¤ú~Y© K…wl c×wZ| mvgvb¨ DØ„Ë cY¨ evRv‡i weµxi Rb¨ †h‡Z cv‡i|
6. wKQy kªgjä wKš— RwUj AvaywbK ai‡Yi gvovB h‡š¿i e¨envi G K…wl c×wZ‡Z †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq|
7. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z mvaviYZt avb, Mg Ges evwj© RvZxq k‡m¨i Drcv`b n‡q _v‡K|
8. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z mv‡ii e¨envi, b`x ev cyKz‡ii cvwb †mP I Rwg‡Z wbweo cÖK…wZi Pvlvev‡`i cÖPjb
†`Lv hvq|
Lvwid K…wl c×wZ
GwU GKwU AvÂwjK ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ hv el©vi mg‡q cÖPjb Ges g~jZt Lv`¨ km¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|
evsjv‡`k fviZmn `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx evqyi Avwef©v‡e cÖPzi e„wócvZ msNwUZ nq Ges el©vKv‡j †h mKj K…wl
e¨e¯’vi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q, Lvwic K…wl c×wZ Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg| fviZ I evsjv‡`‡k el©vKv‡j †h K…wl c×wZ we‡kl K‡i
AvDk I Avgb avb RvZxq Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zv‡K Lvwic K…wl c×wZ ejv nq| mvaviYZt cÖavb Lv`¨ km¨
avb, Mg, he BZ¨vw` Drcv`b Kiv nq G c×wZ Aej¤^‡b|
evsjv‡`k, fviZmn `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx evqy †mweZ A‡jB G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z g~jZt AvDk I Avgb av‡bi Pvlvev` Kiv nq|
2. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ AwbqwgZ I AwbwðZ e„wócvZ Øviv wbqwš¿Z n†q _v‡K| d‡j Drcv`‡bi n«vm e„w× N‡U|
3. AwZ e„wó, Abve„wó I AwbqwgZ e„wói Kvi‡Y KL‡bv eb¨v, Liv, A_ev AvRb¥ BZ¨vw` bvbv iK‡gi cÖvK…wZK
wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq G K…wl c×wZ A‡j|
iwe K…wl c×wZ

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 38
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

kxZKvjxb K…wlB iwe K…wl bv‡g cwiwPZ| AwaKvsk Liv cÖeY km¨ †hgb Wvj, mewR, ˆZjexR BZ¨vw` G K…wl
c×wZi Aš—f‚©³| MÖx‡®§i ïi“‡Z G me dmj cv‡K/N‡i D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq e‡j Giƒc bvgKiY n‡q‡Q| A_©vr `w¶Y-
cwðg †gŠmygx evqyi kxZKvjxb cÖZ¨veZ©b mg‡q (A‡±vei-b‡f¤^i) †h K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ ZvB iwe K…wl c×wZ bv‡g
AwfwnZ|
`w¶Y cwðg †gŠmygx evqy wbqwš¿Z AÂjmg~‡n we‡kl K‡i evsjv‡`k, fviZ, †bcvj BZ¨vw` A‡j G ai‡Yi K…wl
c×wZ cÖPwjZ|
ˆewkó¨vejx
1. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z Avjy, wcqvR, Kwc, mwilv, MvRi, exU cÖf…wZ mewR Ges Mg, avb, †Qvjv, †Rvqvi BZ¨vw`
dm‡ji Pvl Kiv nq|
2. kxZKv‡j G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi cÖPjb Ges `w¶Y-cwðg cÖZ¨veZ©b †gŠmygx evqy Øviv wbqwš¿Z|
3. MÖx‡®§i ïi“‡Z G c×wZi dmj D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq|
ﮋ K…wl c×wZ t †h me GjvKvq evwl©K e„wócvZ 50 †m wg ev Zvi †P‡q Kg Ges †mPKvh© †Kvb µ‡gB m¤¢e bq,
†m me A‡j †h K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ Zv‡KB ﮋ K…wl c×wZ ejv nq| AcÖZzj e„wócv‡Zi `i“b G ai‡Yi
K…wlKv‡Ri mKj cÖ‡Póv _v‡K `y®úÖvc¨ cvwbi m‡e©v”P mwVK e¨envi| G K…wl c×wZ‡Z he, Mg, ivB, f‚Æv, Wvj
BZ¨vw` ai‡Yi km¨ Drcvw`Z n‡q _v‡K| G c×wZ cyivZb gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji cÖvq ﮋ, Dcgi“ I ﮋ Aš—t gvjf‚wg
A‡j mxgve×| Dcgi“ A‡ji evwjKvgq †`uvAvk g„wËKv‡Z †ewk LwbR c`v_© we`¨gvb _vKvq e¨vcK e„wócvZ
ïb¨ n‡jI Lye KgB AbycÖ‡ek N‡U| myZivs G A‡ji g„wËKv De©i _v‡K| K…lK‡`i g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q `y®úÖvc¨
e„wói cvwb a‡i ivLv Ges D³ cvwbi ˆeÁvwbK I Lye m¤¢ve¨ Dcv‡q m‡e©v”P e¨envi| avc, mgZv wbg©vY gv‡Vi
wbKUeZ©x‡Z Ges wbqwgZ wbov‡bv n‡”Q KZK¸‡jv Dcvq- hv‡Z g„wËKvi Av`©ªZv msi¶‡Y mnvqK n‡q _v‡K|
we‡k¦i cÖavb cÖavb ﮋ c×wZ cÖPwjZ AÂjmgy‡ni g‡a¨ (1) iwK ce©Zgvjvi cwðgvs‡k gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª I KvbvWv;
(2) `t eªvwRj I †gw·‡Kvi Af¨š—i¯’ gvjf‚wg AÂj; (3) †jevbb, Bmªv‡qj wgki, wmwiqv, Zzi¯‹ I c¨v‡j÷vBb;
(4) fvi‡Zi ivR¯’v‡bi cwðgvsk, cye© BD‡ivc, wKiwLwRqv Av‡g©wbqv, KvRvK¯’vb Ges ga¨ Pxb BZ¨vw`
D‡j−L‡hvM¨| A_©vr bvwZkx‡Zvò gÛ‡ji we¯—…Z AÂje¨vcx G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi e¨vcK cÖPjb i‡q‡Q|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z †h‡nZz mvgvb¨ e„wói cvwbi AcPq †iva Kivi wbwg‡Ë cvwb msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ f‚wg‡K Ggb fv‡e
avchy³ Kiv nq hv‡Z Bnv †aŠZ bv n‡q hvq Ges mg¯— cvwbB †hb Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
2. G c×wZ‡Z mvaviYZt cvwbi AcPq †ivaK‡í eo eo Rwg‡K †QvU †QvU †Rv‡Z wef³ Kiv nq|
3. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z e¨vcK Pvlvev‡`i gva¨‡g g„wËKv‡K Lye big/wkw_j Kiv nq hv‡Z e„wói cvwbi
fzZ‡j/Mfx‡i cÖ†ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. G c×wZ‡Z cwªZckjv e„wócv‡Zi ci m~² aywjKYvi AveiY w`‡q Rwg‡Z wQwU‡q w`‡j f‚wgwU evqyi Øviv g„wËKv
¶q, ev®úxfeb †iva I Av`©ªZv †_‡K i¶v cvq|
5. e„wócv‡Zi gva¨‡g cÖvß cvwbi Pzovš— mبenvi KivB G c×wZi g~j D‡Ïk¨| ZvB e„wói cvwb a‡i ivLvi wbwg‡Ë
K‚c A_ev Mfxi Lvj Lbb Kiv nq|
6. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z Rwg‡Z †Kvb AvMvQv _vK‡j Zv mwi‡q †djv nq hv‡Z AvMvQv¸‡jv cÖvc¨ cvwb‡Z fvM
emv‡Z bv cv‡i|
7. Rwg‡Z cvwb NvUwZi †gvKvwejvq †h mKj Dw™¢‡`i cvwbi cÖwZ `~e©jZv Kg A_ev cvwbi Pvwn`v Kg †m mKj
†hgb- Mg, he, ivB, †Rvqvi, f‚Æv, Wvj BZ¨vw` Pvl Kiv nq|
8. ZvovZvwo km¨ KZ©b Kivi cÖ‡Póv/cÖeYZv G c×wZ‡Z cÖPwjZ|
9. †h‡nZz GwU g~jab e¨vcK K…wl c×wZ, †m‡nZz mKj cÖ‡Póv wbe× _v‡K GKwU gvÎ A_©Kix dm‡ji w`‡K, hv‡Z
e¨q jvf AbycvZ jv‡fi w`‡K _v‡K|
10. G c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b e¨q †ewk wKš‘ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Kg|
11. mvaviYZt cÖwZ eQi GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ Ae¨eüZ ivL‡j Rwgi Drcv`b ¶gZv wKQyUv cybi×vi Kiv m¤¢e|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 39

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

†mP K…wl c×wZ

†mP K…wl c×wZ †h mKj A‡j cÖPwjZ †hLv‡b e„wócvZ FZzwfwËK Ges GKwU wbw`©ó FZz‡Z mxgve× _v‡K|
Av`©ª/†fRv gvm¸‡jv‡Z AwZwi³ cvwb Ggbfv‡e msiw¶Z _v‡K hv‡Z ïK‡bv gvm¸‡jv‡Z wbqwgZ fv‡e K…wl Kv‡h©i
Rb¨ mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr †Kvb A‡j e„wócvZ Kg ev AwbwðZ n‡j K…wÎg Dcv‡q cvwb mieivn Kivi
gva¨‡g †h mKj K…wlKvh© m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K, Zv‡K †mP K…wl c×wZ ejv nq|
`w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvq Nb emwZc~Y© †gŠmygx evqy †mweZ AÂjmn Gkxq I Avwd«Kxq Dc-µvš—xq A‡j †mP K…wl c×wZ
we`¨gvb| A_©vr c„w_exi cÖavb cÖavb b`x DcZ¨Kv Aay¨wlZ AÂj †hgb- wmÜz Mv‡½q mgf‚wg, bxjb`, †nvqvs‡nv,
Bqvswms, wgwmwmwc, †U‡bwm, m¨vb‡RvqvKzBb cÖf…wZ b`x DcZ¨vKvq G ai‡Yi c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv nq|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. wewfbœ cÖKvi †mPb c×wZ Aej¤^‡b b`x, Lvj, wej, f‚-Mf©¯’ cvwb BZ¨vw` Rjvavi †_‡K K…wl‡¶‡Î cvwb †mP
†`qv nq| myZivs f‚wgiƒc, g~jab BZ¨vw` cÖhyw³MZ †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi my‡hvM G c×wZ‡Z we`¨gvb|
2. G K…wl c×wZ‡Z mviv eQiB cvwb †m‡Pi gva¨‡g dmj Drcv`b m¤¢e nq Ggb wK cÖvwš—K f‚wg‡Z Pvlvev`
Ki‡jI|
3. G c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b e¨q †ekx|
4. G K…wl c×wZ A‡j cvwb wbKv‡ki e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j f‚wg‡Z †jvbv I Rjve×Zvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
5. euva, Lvj BZ¨vw` wbg©vY I Lb‡bi Rb¨ GwU e¨qmva¨ c×wZ| ZvB dmj Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q GB D”P
nvi c~iYv‡_© Pvlxiv mvaviYZt B¶z I cvU© RvZxq A_©Kix km¨vw` Drcbœ K‡i _v‡K|
6. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZi g~j j¶¨ †`kxq I Avš—R©vwZK evRvi I Zvi cÖfve|
7. G c×wZ‡Z e¨vcKfv‡e Pvlvev‡`i my‡hvM _v‡K| wewfbœ K…wl mvgMÖx †hgb- mvi, D”P djbkxj exR, KxUbvkK
Jla Ges hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vw` Drcv`b e„w×i gvb‡m e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K|
8. †mP cÖK‡íi Rb¨ e¨vcK GjvKvi cÖ‡qvRb|
9. f‚wg †_‡K gvbyl miv‡bv, cybt evmb BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖPzi LiP n‡q _v‡K|
10. e¨vcK †m‡Pi Kvi‡Y g„wËKvi gvb n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K Ges g„wËKv ¶‡qi KvRI Z¡ivwš^Z nq|
11. e¨vcK wfwËK †mP Kv‡h©i Rb¨ g„wËKv‡Z jeYZv e„w× N‡U| d‡j AwZ Aí mg‡qB f‚wg Abye©i n‡q c‡o|

Av`©ª K…wl c×wZ

Rjevqyi wewfbœZvi Kvi‡Y f‚-c„ô¯’ f‚wgfv‡Mi Av`©ªZvi ZviZg¨ N‡U Ges mvaviYZt e„wóeûj A‡j g„wËKvi
Av`©ªZvi gvÎv †ekx _v‡K| myZivs AwZwi³ cvwb †mP bv w`‡q H Av`©ª g„wËKvq †h K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ, Zv‡K Av`©ª
K…wl c×wZ ejv n‡q _v‡K|
Av`©ª K…wl H mKj A‡j we`¨gvb †hLv‡b cÖPzi e„wó, mwÂZ cvwbi cwigvY AwZwi³ hv wbqwgZfv‡e cÖ‡qvR‡b
Lvgv‡i mieivn `v‡b m¶g| el©v FZz n‡”Q ecb mgq Avi km¨ KZ©b nq MÖx®§Kv‡j| e„wócv‡Zi cÖK…wZ I
ˆewkó¨vbyhvqx k‡m¨i ai‡b ¯’vb‡f‡` wewfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq| e„wó wbf©i Dw™¢`, †hgb- avb, cvU, B¶z BZ¨vw` Av`©ª
K…wl c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
G K…wl c×wZ c„w_exi KK©Uµvwš—I gKi µvwš—i ga¨eZ©x A‡j we‡kl K‡i †gŠmygx Gwkqv, µvš—xq Avwd«Kv Ges
f‚ga¨mvMixq A‡j A_©vr evsjv‡`k, kªxjsKv, gvqvbgvi, wf‡qZbvg, fviZ, eªvwRj I †gw·‡Kv‡Z mvaviYZt †`Lv
hvq| ZvQvov bvwZkx‡Zvl A‡ji †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b G K…wl c×wZ cÖPwjZ| Z‡e G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z
†mPKv‡h©i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|

ˆewkó¨
1. G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e myjf I mnR|
2. mvaviYZt G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z el©vFZzi cÖ_g w`‡KB ïi“ Kiv nq|
3. Av`©ª K…wl c×wZ‡Z evwl©K e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY Øviv k‡m¨i aib I ˆewkó¨ wbiƒwcZ n‡q _v‡K|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 40
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

4. e„wócv‡Zi ¯’vwq‡Z¡i cwigv‡Yi Øviv Drcv`b gvb‡K wbqwš¿Z K‡i _v‡K|

5. G c×wZ‡Z Drcv`b e¨q Kg nq|
6. AwZe„wó, Rjve×Zv I eb¨vi Kvi‡Y Drcv`b webó n‡Z cv‡i Ges dj¯^iƒc fqvbK msKU m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|
7. cÖPzi e„wói Kvi‡Y g„wËKv ¶q Z¡ivwš^Z nq Ges µgvš^‡q g„wËKvi De©iZv n«vm K‡i G c×wZi K…wl‡Z|
8. e„wócv‡Zi Dci AwZ wbf©ikxjZvi `i“b, gvÎ mgqgZ e„wóB G ai‡Yi Pvlvev` wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e
j¤^v ﮋ Pvlvev` cÖwµqv‡K wejw¤^Z Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avev`x/evMvb K…wl c×wZ
evMvb K…wl n‡”Q GK ai‡Yi ißvbx wfwËK we‡kl K…wl c×wZ †hLv‡b GKwU dm‡ji Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi †`qv
nq| GwU GKwU cÖKvÛ ai‡Yi myôz Af¨š—ixY †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gvmn wk‡í¨v‡`¨vM †hLv‡b m‡e©v”P gybvdv AR©bB g~L¨
D‡Ïk¨| Bnv ïay km¨ PvlB RwoZ bq, Gi mv‡_ Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i cÖwµqvRvZKiY, †gvoK, cwienY Ges idZvbx
BZ¨vw` mswk−ó| A_©vr GwU wkí I evwY‡R¨i cÖvwš—K Ae¯’vq weivRgvb|
evMvb K…wl µvš—xq A‡ji g‡a¨ mxgve× A_©vr welye †iLvi Dfq cvk©¦¯’ †`kmg~n wb‡q Aew¯’Z| G K…wli m~Pbv
Nwbófv‡e Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g| Z‡e Bnv µvš—xq AÂj eivei wew”Qbœfv‡e weKvk N‡U‡Q|
evMvb K…wli D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ eªvwRj, c¨viv¸‡q I ewjwfqvq Kwd Pvl; wKDev, †ci“, †cÖvUvwi‡Kv I
wdwjcvB‡b B¶z Pvl; fviZ, kªxjsKv, B‡›`v‡bwkhv I evsjv‡`‡k Pv Pvl; cwðg fviZxq ØxccyÄ, B‡Kv‡qWi I
eªvwR‡j †Kv‡Kvqv Pvl; K¨vwiexq Øxccy‡Äi wbæf‚wg AÂj †hgb †gw·‡Kv, RvgvBKv, Kjw¤^qv, cvbvgv, †KvóvwiKvq
Kjv Pvl Ges gvj‡qwkqv, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, _vBj¨vÛ, kªxjsKv, Kv¤úywPqv, gvqvbgvi I fvi‡Z ievi Pvl BZ¨vw`|
evMvb K…wl Dcwb‡ewkKZvi dmj hv †Kvb mgqB ¯’vbxq A_©bxwZi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z D‡‡Ïk¨ bq eis e¨emv evwYR¨,
ivRKxq g~ja‡b wb‡qvwRZ GKwU we‡kl dm‡ji Avš—R©vwZK cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v cyibv‡_© Bnvi D™¢e N‡UwQj|
wPivqZ D`vni‡Y fviZ, evsjv‡`k I kªxjsKvq Bs‡iR‡`i Øviv Pv Ges gvj‡qwkqv I B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Bs‡iR I
WvP‡`i Øviv ievi Pv‡li cÖPjb N‡U| A_©vr mvgªvR¨ev‡`i cywRMZ Avw_©K Ae¯’vi djvdjB evMvb K…wl c×wZi
D™¢e I Gi g‡a¨B Zvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wbwnZ|

ˆewkó¨vejx
1. evMvb K…wl c×wZwU LyeB AvaywbK I ˆeÁvwbK m¤§Z, hv‡Z we‡kl k‡m¨i e„n`vqZb Drcv`b e¨e¯’v RwoZ|
2. GKwU GKK k‡m¨i we‡klxKiY G K…wl c×wZi m‡½ ms¤ú„³| †hgb, fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki Pv, gvj‡qwkqvi
ievi Pvl|
3. mgMÖ cÖ‡KŠkjMZ `¶Zv, hš¿cvwZ, †fŠZ AeKvVv‡gvMZ `ªe¨vw` we‡`k †_‡K we‡kl K‡i D‡`¨v³v‡`i †`k
†_‡K msM„nxZ G K…wl c×wZ‡Z cÖPwjZ|
4. evMvb K…wl mvaviYZt kªwgK cÖMvp Kg©KvÛ| myj‡f eû msL¨K kªwgK ‡`‡ki wcQbgyLx GjvKv Ae¯’v `~i‡`k
†_‡K Avbvi cÖeYZv G K…wl c×wZ‡Z cwijw¶Z|
5. kªgjä kªwgK e¨ZxZ evKx mKj ai‡Yi D”P ch©v‡qi Kg©Pvix mvaviYZt †`‡ki ewnivMZ‡`i wb‡qvM †`ix nq|
6. Pv, Kwd, ivevi, Kjv, Avbvim, †Kv‡Kvqv, B¶z, BZ¨vw` evMvb K…wl c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv nq|
7. †h‡nZz evMvb K…wli cÖvq mKj dmjB Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i ißvbx Kiv n‡q _v‡K, †m‡nZz †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v,
c¨vwKs I cÖ‡mwms BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ e›`i wbKUeZ©x A‡j G K…wl c×wZ Aew¯’Z|
8. evMvb K…wl c„w_exi g‡a¨ g~jab wbweo K…wl c×wZ| hv‡Z cÖwZôv LiP, evowZmn ivnv LiP, km¨ cwienY I
ißvbx BZ¨vw` wbwg‡Ë e„nr As‡Ki g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb|
9. evMvb K…wl g~jZt AbybœZ †`kmg~‡ni A_©bxwZi m‡½ m¤ú„³| ZvB G †¶‡Î DbœqbMvgx †`kmg~‡ni G †¶‡Î
Aby‡cÖiYvg~jK †Kvb f‚wgKv †bB ej‡jB P‡j|
10. evMvb K…wl mvaviYZt `yM©g GjvKvq M‡o I‡V †hLv‡b Lvgvi AvqZb wekvj I e„n`vqZ‡bi ¯’vbxq †jvKmsL¨vi
NbZ¡ ¯^í, Rwgi g~j¨ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK Kg Ges Gi m‡½ Ab¨vb¨ A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ ZZUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq|
11. evMvb K…wli Drcvw`Z km¨vw` g~jZt ißvbx K‡i _v‡K Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n Avi Avg`vbxmn e¨envi g~jZt
DbœZ †`kmg~n hv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i †fvM¨cb¨ A_ev Ab¨ wk‡íi cÖv_wgK KvPvgvj iƒ‡c|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 41

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

12. evMvb K…wl cÖvqB Ab¨‡`k †_‡K kªwgK AwfcÖqv‡bi Drmvn wfwËK Kg©KvÛ †hLv‡b Dcwb‡ekKv‡j nvRvi
nvRvi †jvK GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡Zv mnR Dcv‡q Kv‡Ri †hvMvb cÖvc¨Zvi wbwg‡Ë d‡j
mvs¯‹…wZK wewbgq I NU‡Zv my‡hvM _vK‡Zv|
13. cÖv_wgK cÖvc¨Zvi Avkv G K…wl‡Z LyeB Kg †Kbbv k‡m¨i cwic°Zv Avm‡Z †ek mgq †j‡M hvq| Z‡e
cÖv_wgKfv‡e D”P wewb‡qvM m‡Z¡I ivnv LiPv µgvš^‡q n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K|
14. G ai‡Yi K…wl‡Z †h‡nZz evwni †_‡K kªwgK (Avmv‡g mvIZvj) Zvwgj (kªxjsKv) Avg`vbx Kiv nq †m‡nZz
bvbvb ai‡Yi mvgvwRK mgm¨vi D™¢e NU‡Z cv‡i|
15. †h‡nZz G K…wl c×wZ µvš—xq A‡j cÖPwjZ myZivs GLvbKvi Dò I Av`©ª Rjevqyi Kvi‡Y bvbvb ai‡Yi KxU
cZ½, fvBivm I Ab¨vb¨ †ivMe¨vwai we¯—vi NU‡Z †`Lv hvq|

myweavejx
1. D‡`¨v³viv g„ZcÖvq A_ev AbybœZ Lv‡Z †ek cwigvY A_© mÂvwiZ K‡i G K…wl c×wZ‡K ¯ú›`gvb, MwZkxj
A_©bxwZ‡Z iƒcvš—i NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
2. evMvb K…wli Drcvw`Z cY¨vw` mvgMÖxKfv‡eB Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡ii Dci wbf©ikxj| ZvB Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i
c‡Y¨i g~‡j¨i mvgvb¨ n«vm e„w× NUvi gva¨‡g mg¯— c×wZwU‡KB SzwKi m¤§yLxb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. †h‡nZz GwU mvgMÖxKfv‡e ißvbxgyLx c×wZ, myZivs bxU cwigvY I g~j¨ RvZxq ißvbx‡Z cÖe„w× NUvq| d‡j
RvZxq A‡_©i m‡½ g~j¨evb we‡`kx A‡_©i I e„w× N‡U|
4. Bnv GKK GKwU c×wZ hv nvRvi nvRvi kªwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri ms¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g D™¢zZ †eKviZ¡ mgm¨v n«vm Ki‡Y
†ek mnvqZv K‡i‡Q|
5. evMvb K…wl GKwU RwUj ai‡Yi cÖwµqv hv g~jZt wkí ¯’vcb mn mvaviY myweavw`i gva¨‡g (†hgb iv¯—vNvU,
Avevmb cÖKí, we`¨vjq, gnvwe`¨vjq, nvmcvZvj, cÖv_wgK cÖkvmwbK cÖKí BZ¨vw`) bMivqb nvi‡K MwZkxj
K‡i _v‡K|

Amyweavejx
evMvb K…wl c×wZi KwZcq myweav QvovI A‡bK mgq Bnv AvÂwjK A_©bxwZ‡Z weiƒc cÖfve †d‡j _v‡K, †hgb-
1. Bnv ewnivMZ‡`i Øviv M‡o DV‡Q Ges Zv Aweivgfv‡e| myZivs G ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ‡Z eûKvj e¨vcx ¯’vbxq
Awaevmx‡`i Rb¨ †UKmB bq|
2. Bnv ïay GK ai‡Yi km¨ Drcv`b K‡i evB‡ii evRv‡i weµx K‡i _v‡K| myZivs Bnv ¯’vbxq †jvKR‡bi Lv`¨
NvUwZ cyi‡Y m¶g bq|
3. gybvdv bv‡g we‡`kx‡`i nv‡Z A‡_©i cÖ¯’vb N‡U hv †Kvbfv‡e ¯’vbxq A_©bxwZ‡K Pv½v Ki‡Z m¶g bq|
4. †ekxi fvM †¶‡Î myjf kªwgK evwni †_‡K msM„nxZ Ges `¶ †KŠkjxe„›` Av‡iv `~ieZ©x f‚wg †_‡K Av‡m| ZvB
G c×wZ ¯’vbxq †eKviZ¡ NyPv‡Z A¶g Ges A‡bK mgq mvgvwRK D‡ËRbvi we¯—vi N‡U| g„wËKv mš—vb¸‡jv
ZLb A‡nZzK ewnivMZ‡`i m‡½ A_ev Kj‡n wjß nq|
5. K…wl m¤úÖmvi‡Yi bv‡g f‚wg `Lj K‡i f‚wgnxb, ciMvQv ai‡Yi †jvKmgvR m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
6. G K…wl c×wZ ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ Abyc‡hvMx| †Kbbv †ekx K‡i Drcv`bI km¨veZ©‡bi Afv‡e g„wËKvi De©iZv
K‡g hvq I g„wËKv ¶q‡iva e„w× K‡i|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 42
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 4.3

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1. wewfbœ K…wl c×wZi ˆewkó¨vejx Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. f‚wgi cÖvc¨Zvi ZviZ‡g¨i Dci wfwË K‡i K…wli wewfbœ †kªYxwefvM Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
3. evMvb K…wl I ¯^qs m¤ú~Y© cÖMvp K…wli ˆewkó¨vejx Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b
K) K…wl GKwU ai‡Yi Av_©‰bwZK |
L) K…wli cÖK…wZ I ˆewkó¨ wbiƒc‡Y wewfbœ †hgb f‚wg, FZz‡f`, Drcv`b e¨e¯’v,
BZ¨vw` ms¤ú„³|
M) cÖMvp K…wl c×wZ ZvcgvÎvi Kg eRvq _v‡K|
N) G K…wl A‡j cÖavb Drcbœ km¨|
O) G AÂj c„w_exi emwZc~Y© |
P) mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK me¸‡jv DrcwË G K…wl c×wZ A‡j jvf K‡i‡Q|
Q) ﮋ I Abye©i e¨vcK c×wZ Dc‡hvMx|
R) GwU GKwU Avðh©RbK hv‡K Lv`¨ km¨ Drcv`b I DfqB GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ nq|
S) myZivs wgkª c×wZ myweavRbKfv‡e ch©v‡qi|
T) wgkª c×wZ‡Z Lvgv‡ii mvaviYZt eo ai‡bi|
U) GB c×wZ‡Z f‚wgi I m‡e©vcwi wbqš¿Yfvi |
V) G c×wZ‡Z Drcvw`Z dmjB Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i ¶zav/ †gUvq|
W) †Mvôx G K…wl Ab¨Zg |
X) Mªvg †ewóZ ¯’vqx wfwËK G ai‡Yi cÖPjb hv‡Z ai‡Yi K…wli we`¨gvb|
Y) kxZKvjxb iwe K…wl bv‡g |
Z) K…lK‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡”Q e„wói cvwbi a‡i ivL|
_) myZivs f‚wgiƒc, BZ¨vw` †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi my‡hvM G c×wZ‡Z we`¨gvb|
`) evMvb µvš—xq g‡a¨ mxgve×|
DËi.
K. RwUj, Kg©KvÛ L. wbqvgK, Av`©ªZv, Rjevqy, AvÂwjK, ZviZg¨ M. A‡j, mgš^q
N. c×wZ, avb O. Avw`gZg, GjvKv P. c„w_exi, a‡g©i, weKvk
Q. Rwg‡Z, K…wl R. wgkªY, cïPviY S. K…wl, cÖvwš—K
T. K…wl, AvKvi U. gvwjKvbv, iv‡óªi V. mg¯—, Pvwn`v
W. Rxeb, c×wZi, ˆewkó¨ X. GjvKvq, K…wli, ¯’vbvš—i, ˆewkó¨ Y. K…wlB, cwiwPZ
Z. g~L¨, `y®úÖvc¨ _. g~jab, cÖhyw³MZ `. K…wl, A‡ji
mZ¨ n‡j m wjLyb, wg_¨v n‡j wg wjLyb|
K) cÖPzi e„wói Kvi‡Y g„wËKv ¶q Z¡ivwš^Z nq|
L) evMvb K…wl c„w_exi g‡a¨ g~jab wbewo K…wl c×wZ|
M) evMvb K…wl c×wZ K…wl m¤úÖmvi‡Yi bv‡g f‚wg `Lj K‡i f‚wgnxb, ciMvQv ai‡Yi †jvKmgvR m„wó K‡i _v‡K|
N) K…wl GKwU RwUj ai‡Yi Av_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ bq|
O) c„w_exi cÖvq 6 wewjqb †jv‡Ki g‡g¨ cÖvq 1/3 k cÖMvp K…wl c×wZi Dci wbf©ikxj|
P) cÖMvp K…wl AÂj c„w_exi g‡a¨ `~wf©¶ cÖeY AÂj|
Q) eûZ¡ K…wl n‡”Q eû km¨ web¨vm K…wl c×wZ|
DËi
K. m L. m M. m N. wg O. m P. m Q. m

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 43

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV- 4.4 t Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ avb Pvl t Drcv`b, e›Ub, mgm¨v I mgvavb
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb

avb Pvl I Zvi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;

avb Drcv`b I eÈb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb;

e›Ub mgm¨v I Zvi mgvavb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
avb Pvl t G K_v Avgv‡`i meviB Rvbv †h, Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ avb GKwU cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ Ges eZ©gvb c„w_exi cÖvq
A‡a©‡KiI †ewk †jvK av‡bi (PvDj) Dci cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e wbf©ikxj| Bnv GKwU cÖvPxb K…wlR cY¨ hvi
Dci¯’ AveiY D‡b¥vP‡bi gva¨‡g PvDj †ei Kiv nq Ges G PvDjB Avgv‡`i cÖavb Lv`¨km¨|
avb Pv‡li AbyK‚j cwi‡ek t wewfbœ f‚-RjevqyR Ae¯’vq avb Pvl n‡jI Gi wb‡æv³ Ae¯’vmg~n‡K Av`k© wn‡m‡e
aiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb-
1. †gv‡Ui Dci avb Pv‡li Av`k© AbyK‚j Ae¯’v n‡”Q cÖPzi m~h©v‡jvK I Av`©ª g„wËKvmn gvSvwi †_‡K D”P ZvcgvÎv
hv 20-27 †mt Gi g‡a¨ IVvbvgv K‡i| Z‡e 150 †m Gi bx‡P †M‡j av‡bi ex‡Ri †Kvb AsKz‡iv`Mg n‡Z
cv‡i bv|
2. avb g~jZt e„wó cQ›` Dw™¢`| ZvB G Dw™¢‡`i Av`k© AbyK‚j Ae¯’v n‡”Q evrmwiK 175-300 †m wg e„wócvZ
Avi km¨ cvKvi cÖ_g w`‡K Rjve×Zv Ae¯’v hv Dw™¢‡`i Z¡wiZ e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|
3. mgZj f‚wg avb Pv‡li Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx, Z‡e b`x DcZ¨vKv, c−veb mgf‚wg I Kg Xvj wewkó f‚-fv†MI
cÖPzi avb Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
4. De©i b`x we‡aŠZ cjj g„wËKv avb Pv‡li me‡P‡q AbyK‚j we‡kl K‡i †gŠmygx f‚wgi Kv`v wgwkªZ †`vAvk
g„wËKv, †Kb bv G ai‡Yi g„wËKvi cvwb a‡i ivLvi ¶gZv me‡P‡q †ewk hv avb Pv‡li Rb¨ GKvš— Acwinvh©|
5. avb Pvl GKwU e¨vcK kªgwbf©i Kg©KvÛ| myZivs f‚wgi ïi“ †_‡K N‡i †Zvjvi cye© ch©š— A_©vr avb †ivcb ev
ecb, ¯’vbvš—i, ZË¡veavb, wbovbx, km¨ KZ©b, D‡Ëvjb, gvovB BZ¨vw` ai‡Yi Kv‡Ri wbwg‡Ë cÖPzi A_P myjf
kªwg‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb|
Dc‡i ewY©Z kZ©vejx wbæ ev Rjvf‚wg avb Pv‡li Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx Ges Dbœqb we‡k¦i cÖvq 95% GjvKv G
ai‡bi| Avevi AiY¨ msKzj cvnvox AÂj we‡kl K‡i gvj‡qwkqv, Avwd«Kv‡Z cvnvox ev D”P f‚wg†Z avb Pvlvev`
n‡q _v‡K Z‡e Zv LyeB Kg| ZvQvov evsjv‡`k, fviZ, gvqvbgvi, _vBj¨v‡Û FZzwfwËK †hgb Avgb, AvDk, I
†eviv RvZxq avb Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
myZivs Dc‡iv³ cwi‡ek QvovI g~jab, evRvi, cwienY e¨e¯’v, fvj I DbœZgv‡bi exR, mvi, KxUbvkK Jla
BZ¨vw` Av_©‰bwZK Dcv`vb; Uªv±i;, †_ªmvi, cÖ‡qvR‡b cvwb †mP, ¸`vgRvZKiY, avb cÖmv‡i M‡elYv Ges m‡e©vcwi
ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv I gvbweK Dcv`vb avb Pv‡li AbyK‚j cwi‡ek wn‡m‡eI we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
avb Drcv`b t avb g~jZt µvš—xq I Dcµvš¿xq †gŠmygx evqy †mweZ A‡ji dmj n‡jI c„w_exi me©ÎB Gi Pvl
cwijw¶Z nq we‡kl K‡i Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦| mw¤§wjZfv‡e `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi †`kmg~‡n c„w_exi †gvU Drcv`‡bi
cÖvq 90% avb Drcvw`Z n‡q _v‡K Ges cÖvq 120 wgwjqb †n±i Rwg‡Z avb Pvl n‡q _v‡K (wPÎ 1)| wb‡æi
mviYx‡Z 1996 mv‡ji Dbœqb we‡k¦i avb Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ Rwg I Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †`qv n‡jvt
mviYx 4.1 t Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ avb Pvl I Drcv`b 1996 I 2003
bvg avbPv‡l wb‡qvwRZ Rwgi Drcv`b wgwjqb Drcv`b
cwigvY wgwjqb †n±‡i †gt Ub †n±i cÖwZ
Pxb 31.4 167.6 6050
fviZ 42.5 133.6 2950
B‡›`v‡bwkqv 11.3 51.8 4500
evsjv‡`k 10.6 38.1 2500
wf‡qZbvg 7.3 34.8 3700
_vBj¨vÛ 6.5 27.0 3000

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 44
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

bvg avbPv‡l wb‡qvwRZ Rwgi Drcv`b wgwjqb Drcv`b

cwigvY wgwjqb †n±‡i †gt Ub †n±i cÖwZ
eªvwRj 90.2
`w¶Y †Kvwiqv 60.6
gvqvbgvi 21.9
wdwjcvBb 13.2
Rvcvb 9.9
hy³ivóª 9.0
DËi †Kvwiqv 2.3
wek¦ 109.6 443.5 3800
Drmt FAO, Year Book

wPÎ 4.1 t we‡k¦i avb Drcv`bKvix AÂj

eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk avb Drcv`b K‡i _‡K Pxb, hv c„w_exi †gvU Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 35%| fvi‡Zi ¯’vb
wØZxq, †m cÖvq 20% avb Drcbœ K‡i _v‡K| Gi c‡i h_vµ‡g B‡›`v‡bwkqv, evsjv‡`k, _vBj¨vÛ, Rvcvb,
wf‡qZbvg, eªvwRj, wdwjcvBb I †Kvwiqvi ¯’vb (wPÎ- 4.1)|
c„w_exi avb Drcv`bKvix ejq wn‡m‡e †h wZbwU A‡j (1) †gŠmygx evqy wbqwš¿Z Gwkqvi A‡c¶vK…Z Rbeûj
†`kmg~n, †hgb- evsjv‡`k, fviZ, Pxb, kªxjsKv, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, Rvcvb, †Kvwiqv ØxcØq BZ¨vw`; (2) †gŠmygx evqy
†mweZ Gwkqvi A‡c¶vK…Z Rbweij †`kmg~n, †hgb gvqvbgvi, _vBj¨vÛ, di‡gRv, wdwjcvBÝ BZ¨vw` Ges (3)
Gwkqv e¨ZxZ evKx `ywbqvi †`kmg~n †hgb- gvwK©b hy³ivóª, eªvwRj, A‡÷ªwjqv, BZvjx, Rvg©vbx BZ¨vw` wef³ Kiv
hvq, Zvi g‡a¨ Gwkqv Z_v †gŠmygx evqy wbqwš¿Z Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i †`kmg~n wmsnfvM `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| wb‡æ we¯—
vwiZfv‡e †`kwfwËK Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 45

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

Pxb t Pxb c„w_exi me‡P‡q †ewk avb Drcv`bKvix †`k wn‡m‡e eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i cwiwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| A_©vr
avb Drcv`‡b Pxb c„w_exi g‡a¨ †kªô| Pxb GKwU wPivqZ avb DrcvbKvix †`k Ges G‡`‡ki avb k‡m¨i cÖMvpZv
mwZ¨ mvavi‡Yi `„wó AvKl©K| D‡j−L‡hvM¨ avb Drcv`bKvix AÂjmg~n n‡”Q wQPzqvb AÂj, wbæ Bqvswm AeevwnKv,
`w¶Y-cwðgvÂj, KzqvbZvs AÂj Ges wQZzqvb ûbvb AÂj BZ¨vw`| wQZzqvb ûbvb AÂj avb¨avi ev av‡bi Avavi
wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h, †nKUi cÖwZ Drcv`‡bI Pxb me©‡kªô Avmb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q|
fviZ t fviZ LyeB avb Pv‡li Dci wbf©ikxj Ges Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î Bnv c„w_exi wØZxq e„nËg ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb
Ki‡Q| G‡`kevmxi A‡b‡KiB cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ avb, ZvB avb Pv‡li †ek ¸i“Z¡ i‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi me©Î avb Pv‡li
cÖeYZv _vK‡jI Mv‡½q-eª²cyÎ DcZ¨vKv I DcK‚j GjvKvq wecyj cwigv‡Y av‡bi Pvl n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr cwðg-
e½, wenvi, Zvwgjbvo– I Dwol¨v‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y avb Drcvw`Z n‡q _v‡K| ZvQvov †mP e¨e¯’vi mvnv‡h¨ eû km¨
c×wZi K…wli cÖPjb i‡q‡Q cvÄve, AÜ« cÖ‡`k, DËi cÖ‡`k, ga¨cÖ‡`k, KvibvUK, I Avmvg ivR¨mg~†n| Z‡e avb
Drcv`‡bi †n±i cÖwZ GLbI A‡bK Kg we`¨gvb|
B‡›`v‡bwkqv t c„w_exi 3q e„nËg †`k n‡”Q B‡›`v‡bwkqv Ges Øxcgq †`kwUi eû Øx‡c we‡kl K‡i Rvfv, mygvÎvI
†evwb©I Øx‡ci Av‡Mœq I cwjhy³ g„wËKv avb Pv‡li LyeB Dc‡hvMx| ZvQvov †evwb©I, mygvÎv I †mwjwem Øxcf‚wgi
ceZ©Xv‡j cvwb©‡m‡Pi gva¨‡gI †ek avb Pvl n‡q _v‡K| B‡›`v‡bwkqv †n±i cÖwZ avb Drcv`‡b †ek DbœZ A_©vr 2q
Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`kt avb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ Ges Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î Gi ¯’vb PZz_©| AwaK e„wócvZ, De©i cjjf‚wg
I myjf m¯—v kªwgK avb Pv‡li eo mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox GjvKv ev‡` †`‡ki me©ÎB
we‡kl K‡i XvKv, gqgbwms, ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx, dwi`cyi, w`bvRcyi, ivRkvnx I iscyi †Rjvq cÖPzi avb Drcbœ
n‡q _v‡K| Aweivg eb¨v, †gŠmygxi Ryqv‡Ljv g~jav‡bi AcÖvh©yZv Ges K…wlR mš—i‡bi Afve BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡Y G
†`‡ki Drcv`‡bi nvi †n±i cªwZ A‡bK Kg|
Ab¨vb¨ avb Drcv`bKvix †`kmg~n t c~‡e©B D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, `w¶i-c~e© Gwkqvi †gŠmygx evqy †mwgZ †`kmg~n GK‡Î
c„w_exi A‡a©‡KiI †ewk avb Drcbœ K‡i Ges ewY©Z Dc‡iv³ †`k¸‡jv e¨ZxZ gvqvbgv‡ii BiveZx c−veb mgZj f‚wg,
wf‡qZbvg I _vBj¨v‡Ûi †gKs †gbvg De©i cjjf‚wg; wf‡qZbvg I jvI‡mi †iW AeevwnKvmn wdwjcvBbm n‡”Q wPivhZ
avb Drcv`bKvix AÂj| _vBj¨vÛ I gvqvbgvi c„w_exi avb ißvbx KviKI e‡U †Kbbv G‡`i‡K Gwkqvi av‡bi Avavi
ejv n‡q _v‡K| cvwK¯—vb, kªxjsKv I Rvcv‡b †ek avb Drcbœ nq|
Dc‡iv³ †`k¸‡jv e¨ZxZ eªvwRj, hy³ivóª, d«vÝ, BZvjx BZ¨vw` avb Pv‡li Rb¨ cwiwPZ| eªvwRj avb Drcv`‡bi
cÖvq 2.5% Ges hy³ivóª cÖvq 1% avb Drcbœ K‡i _v‡K| BZvjxi †cv DcZ¨vKv, d«v‡Ýi †ivb DcZ¨Kv wgk‡ii
bxj DcZ¨vKv avb Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
avb e›Ub mgm¨v t Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GUv ¯úó †h, avb Pvl wek¦e¨vcx, Z‡e e›Ub e¨vcv‡i bvbvwea mgm¨v
cwijw¶Z, we‡kl K‡i Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i †`kmg~‡n| wb‡æ Giƒc K‡qKwU mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv n‡jvt †hgb-
1) avb we‡k¦i mve©Rbxb dmj wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ bv †c‡q Dbœqbkxj/Gwkqvi †gŠmygx evqy †mweZ A‡ji †jvKR‡bi
cÖavb Lv`¨ km¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
2) avb Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î Pxb GLbI kx‡l© Ges †n±i cÖwZ Drcv`‡bi †¶‡ÎI †m Dc‡i| A_P avb Pv‡l
wb‡qvwRZ Rwgi cwigvY fvi‡Zi †P‡qI Kg| Avevi avb Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ Rwgi cwigvY fviZ kx‡l© wKš‘ †n±i
cªwZ Drcv`‡bi nvi 5g ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z| Aci c‡¶ DbœZ we‡k¦ we‡kl K‡i gvwK©b hy³ivóª, BZvjx cÖgyL †`‡k
avb Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ Rwgi cwigvY Kg n‡jI Drcv`‡bi nvi A‡bK A‡bK †ewk|
3) f‚-cÖK…wZMZ, RjevqyMZ I b`x web¨vmMZ cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y c„w_exi me©Î avb Pvl n‡jI †gŠmygx evqy wbqwš¿Z
`w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvi b`xwe‡aŠZ cjj I c−veb mgf‚wg eØxc f‚wg I DcK‚j †ewóZ De©i f‚wg‡Z e¨vcK avb Pvl
n‡q _v‡K| Aciw`‡K gi“f‚wg, cvnvox I AmgZjf‚wg avb Pv‡li Abyc‡hvMx|
4) avb Pvl g~jZt Av`©ª, cwj, g„wËKv e„wóeûj ¯’v‡b e¨vcK fv‡e n‡q _v‡K| Aciw`‡K ﮋ e„wónxb AÂj avb
Pv‡li Lye Dc‡hvMx bq|
5) Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ avb Pvl g~jZt RxweKv wbe©vn wfwËK Ges Drcvw`Z km¨ mvaviYZt Af¨š—ixY Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z
A‡bK mgq m¶g n‡q D‡V bv| ZvB D×…Ë¡ †Kvb km¨ Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv ev †M‡jI LyeB mxwgZ

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 46
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvKv‡i| A_P cvðv‡Z¨i †`kmg~‡n mxwgZ avb Pvl n‡jI Af¨š—ixY Pvwn`v Kg, weavq e¨vcK nv‡i Drcvw`Z km¨
Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Avg`vbx ißvbx g~jZt Zv‡`i nv‡ZB|
6) Dbœqbkxj wek¦ LyeB Rbeûj GjvKv| AwaKvsk avb Pvlxiv wbi¶i, `wi`ª Ges mgv‡R DËivwaKvi m~Î envj
_vKvi Kvi‡Y ¯^í RwgRgv LÛ weLÛ cwijw¶Z nq| d‡j AvaywbK cÖhyw³MZ Dbœqb †KŠkj hvwš¿KxKiY, DbœZ
exR, †mP, ivmvqwbK mvi BZ¨vw`i cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwie‡Z© gvgyjx Mi“, jv½j c×wZ Aej¤^‡b Pvlvev` K‡i _v‡K|
d‡j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gy‡L Zviv e¨_© nq Ges Drcv`‡bi nviI Kg nq|
7) Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i avb Pvlxiv g~jZt †gŠmygx e„wói Dci wbf©ikxj, †m‡nZz mgqgZ e„wó bv n‡j, A‡bK mgq
AwZ e„wó n‡j A_ev bv n‡j ARb¥v, eb¨v ev Liv BZ¨vw` ai‡Yi cÖvK…wZK wech©q †`Lv †`q, dj¯^iƒc avb
Pvlxiv Av‡iv Mixe n‡q hvq|
mgvavbt Dc‡iv³ mgm¨vejx wbæfv‡e mgvavb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb-
1) †gŠmygx e„wó ev cÖK…wZi Dci GKvš— wbf©ikxj bv n‡q cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Mfxi bjK‚c, mi“ bjK‚c, cyKzi, Lvj,
wej, b`x ev bvjv †_‡K cvwb †mP‡bi gva¨‡g Pvlvev` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡Z Liv, ARb¥v, ev ¯^í Drcv`‡bi
nvZ †_‡K cwiÎvb cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
2) avb Drcv`bKvix †`kmg~n g~jZt avb Avg`vbxKviKI| †Kbbv AwaK †jvK emwZi I Af¨š—ixY Pvwn`vi
Kvi‡Y wb‡R‡`i Drcvw`Z km¨ Øviv msKzjvb bv nIqvq Avg`vbx Ki‡Z nq| ZvB Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i G‡`i
km¨ †h‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j G‡`i ¸i“Z¡ LyeB mxwgZ| wKš‘ eZ©gvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi hy‡M av‡bi weKí km¨‡K
Lv`¨iƒ‡c e¨envi Ki‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB av‡bi Dci Pvc Kg‡e Ges Avš—R©vwZK evRv‡i Zv‡`i AskMÖnY
e¨vcK Z_v ewjô f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 4.4

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ
1. avb Pv‡li AbyK‚j cwi‡ek D‡j−L Ki“b|
2. avb Drcv`b Kvix †`kmg~n g~jZt avb Avg`vbx KviK- e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
3. avb Pvl wbqš¿YKvix cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek D‡j−L Ki“b|
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b
1. Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ avb GKwU |
2. Bnv GKwU K…wlR hvi Dci¯’ D‡b¥vP‡bi gva¨‡g †ei Kiv nq|
3. avb g~jZt e„wó cQ›` |
4. avb Pvl GKwU e¨vcK Kg©KvÛ|
5. eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk avb Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K |
6. avb Pvl wek¦e¨vcx, Z‡e e›Ub e¨vcv‡i bvbvwea cwijw¶Z|
7. avb Pvl g~jZt Av`©ª, cwj, g„wËKveûj ¯’v‡b fv‡e n‡q _v‡K|
8. Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ avb Pvl g~jZt RxweKv wfwËK|
DËit
1. cÖavb, Lv`¨km¨, 2. cY¨, AveiY, PvDj, 3. Dw™¢`, 4. kªgwbf©i
5. Pxb, 6. mgm¨v, 7. e¨vcK 8. wbe©vn|

iPbvg~jK DËi cÖkœ

1| we‡k¦i avb Drcv`b I eÈb Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 47

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV- 4.5 t Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ AvL Pvlt Drcv`b, eÈb mgm¨v I mgvavb
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb

AvL Pvl I AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;

AvL Drcv`b m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;

eÈb mgm¨v I mgvavb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|

AvL Pvl I AbyK‚j cwi‡ek

AvL Dw™¢` RvZxq el©Rxex wKš‘ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU A_©Kix dmj| Bnv Pxb I fvi‡Zi †`kR dmj| Av‡Li evwYwR¨K fv‡e
evMvb Pv‡li m~Pbv nq cZ©yMxR Dc‡bwek‡`i Øviv me© cÖ_g eªvwR‡j| cieZ©x‡Z wKDev, †gw·‡Kv Ges BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨
†`‡k| eZ©gv‡b AvL GKwU evwYwR¨K km¨ Ges Bnvi Øviv ¸o, wPwb, myivmvi, mvi, I Jla Drcv`b, R¡vjvbx, Mi“ Lv`¨,
KvMR, KvMR gÛ, KvMR †evW©, I KvW© †evW© BZ¨vw` cÖ¯‘‡Z e¨eüZ nq|

AbyK‚j cwi‡ekt AvL Pvl wbw`©ó †fŠ‡MvwjK Dcv`vb Øviv wbqwš¿Z| wb‡æ Gme Dcv`vb D‡j−L Kiv n‡jvt
1) AvL g~jZt µvš—xq I Dc-µvš—xq km¨| myZivs Bnv mvaviYZt Mig, Av`©ª-Rjevqy cQ›` K‡i| evwl©K M‡o
21-27 †m ZvcgvÎv AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e Gi bx‡Pi ZvcgvÎv AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi| D¾j
m~h©wKiY Av‡Li my‡µvR MVb mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|
2) evwl©K e„wócvZ 100-175 †mwg AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Ges GwUB AvL Pv‡li Av`k© Ae¯’v| AwZwi³ e„wó
Av‡Li M−y‡KvR MV‡b Zrci n‡Z cv‡i bv|
3) ¶vixq, De©i, DËg-cvwb wb¯‹vkb hy³ †`vAuvk g„wËKv AvL Pv‡li LyeB Dc‡hvMx| Z‡e Pzb I cUvk wgwkªZ
†jvbv g„wËKv I jvfvmn K…l g„wËKv AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
4) Rjve×Zv AvL Pvl‡K ¶wZMÖ¯— Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB mgZj f‚wgI mvgvb¨ Xvj hy³ mgZj f‚wg AvL Pv‡li Rb¨
DcKvix|
5) ZvQvov AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ myjf A_P cÖPzi kªwgK, cÖPzi g~jab, myôy †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vmn evRviRvZKiY LyeB
cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb|

Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ AvL Drcv`bt c~‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q †h, AvL g~jZt µvš—xq I Dcµvš—xq km¨ hv Dò, Av`©ª Rjevqy
cQ›` K‡i| myZivs AvL Pvl 300 DËi I 300 `w¶Y A¶vs‡ki g‡a¨ mxgve× (mviYx 1 I wPÎ 1)|

mviYx- 4.1 t AvL Pv‡li Drcv`b (1996)

†`k Drcv`b (wgwjqb Ub) †gvU Drcv`b % wn‡m‡e Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ Rwg
(wgwjqb †n±i)
eªvwRj 324 27 4.8
fviZ 255 21 3.9
_vBj¨vÛ 62.4 5 1.1
Pxb 55.6 47 1.05
†gw·‡Kv 47 4 1
wKIev 40 304 1.5
wek¦ 1200
Drmt dvI ey‡jwUb, 1996|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 48
I‡cb ¯‹zj evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wPÎ 4.2 t we‡k¦i AvL Drcv`bKvix AÂjmg~n

mviYx 1 I wPÎ 4.2 ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j GUv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Gwkqv I `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`kmg~‡ni †`k¸‡jv
mw¤§wjZfv‡e c„w_exi †gvU Drcv`‡bi 80% GiI †ewk AvL Drcbœ K‡i _v‡K Ges cÖavb cÖavb AvL Drcv`bKvix
†`kmg~‡ni g‡a¨ eªvwRj, fviZ, _vBj¨vÛ, Pxb BZ¨vw` D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Avevi GUvI j¶Yxq †h Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i
†`k¸‡jv GK‡Î 30% fv‡MiI †ewk AvL Drcv`b K‡i Ges AvL Pv‡li Aš—M©Z Rwgi cwigvY cÖvq 50%| myZivs
AvL Pvl I Drcv`b Dfq Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i Rb¨ we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ enY K‡i _v‡K| wb‡P AvL Drcv`bKvix †`kmg~n
ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
eªvwRjt AvL Drcv`‡b eªvwR‡ji ¯’vb 1g Ges 1996-97 mv‡j †m c„w_exi †gvU Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 27% Drcv`b,
cÖvq 5 wgwjqb †n±i Rwg‡Z AvL Pvl K‡iwQj|
c~‡e©B D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, cZ©yMxRiv eªvwR‡j 1g AvL Pv‡li m~Pbv K‡iwQj †Kbbv †mLvbKvi Dò, Av`©ª µvš—xq
Rjevqyi m‡½ jvfvhy³ K…l g„wËKv I myjf kªwgK AvL Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx wQj Ges eZ©gv‡b Zviv AvLPv‡l c„w_exi
Ab¨Zg †`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q|
eªvwR‡ji †gvUvgywU wZbwU wfbœ A‡j †gbvm †MivBm †ci”QvgevKzi DcK‚jxq AÂj, Avjv‡Mvqvm, cvivwngv Ges
evwnKv; wiIwW Rvwb‡evi DcK‚j GjvKv AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ weL¨vZ| eªvwR‡j AvL Pv‡li wbqš¿‡Y Rwgi cwigvY evovi
w`‡K i‡q‡Q Ges m¤¢eZt A`~i fwel¨‡Z Gi Drcv`b †ek e¨vcK n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
fviZ t AvL Drcv`‡b fviZ wØZxq ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q, hvi 1996 mv‡j Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cÖvq 255 wgwjqb Ub
Ges kZKiv wn‡m‡e cÖvq 21%| Bnv fvi‡Zi Mv‡½q DcZ¨vKvq we‡kl K‡i DËi cÖ‡`k I wenv‡ii mgf‚wg,
gnvivóª, Kb©vUK I Zvwgjbvoz–, cwðge½, Dwol¨v I Avmvg cvÄve cÖf…wZ A‡j Drcvw`Z n‡q _v‡K| GLv‡b
D‡j−L¨ †h fviZ AvL wPwb Drcv`‡b we‡k¦ PZz_©, hw`I Bnv Drcv`‡b wØZxq|
Pxb t AvL I AvL wPwb Drcv`‡b Pxb we‡k¦ 4_© ¯’v‡b Ges 1996 mv‡j cÖvq 55.6 wgwjqb Ub Av‡Li Pvl K‡iwQj
hv we‡k¦i †gvU Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 5%| AvL Pv‡l Px‡bi `w¶i-c~e©vsk hv †gŠmygx evqy Øviv †mweZ AÂj weL¨vZ|
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ ¯’vb¸‡jv n‡”Q dzwK‡qb, ûbvb wKqvb¸ ¯’vbmg~‡n cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Av‡Li Pvl n‡q _v‡K|
wKDev t AvL Pv‡l wKDevi ¯’vb 6ô Ges †gvU Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 1.5 wgwjqb †n±i Rwg‡Z 3.4 wgwjqb Ub AvL
Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| Avi wPwb ißvbx‡Z wKDev cÖ_g ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| wKDevi A_©bxwZ‡Z Av‡Li f‚wgKv †ek
e¨vcK| wKDevi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Lvgvi¸‡jv n‡”Q nvfvbv, gvZvbRv, Awi‡q›Uv, K¨vgv¸‡q I mvš—v K¬viv †Rjv|

A_©‰bwZK f‚‡Mvj c„ôv # 49

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg I‡cb ¯‹zj

_vBj¨vÛt AvL Pv‡l _vBj¨vÛ Z…Zxq hvi 1996 mv‡j we‡k¦i †gvU Drcv`‡bi cÖvq 5%, cwigvY wQj 62.4 wgwjqb
Ub| ZvQvov AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ weL¨vZ ¯’vb¸‡jv n‡”Q †gw·‡Kv, nvIqvB, KvbvB, Av‡gwiKvii Pjgvb gywf ivc,
A‡÷ªwjqv, gwimvm, wdwRI †bcv‡j cÖPzi AvL Drcbœ n‡q _v‡K|
eÈb mgm¨vt c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GUv cwi®‹vi n‡q‡Q, AvL Pvl I Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ we‡kl cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| eÈb
e¨vcv‡i bvbvwea mgm¨v we`¨gvb| wb‡æ Zvi wKQy D`vniY †`qv n‡jvt
1. f‚-cÖK…wZ, Rjevqy I g„wËKvMZ cÖf…wZ cÖvK…wZK Dcv`v‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖfve AvL Pvl I Drcv`‡b we`¨gvb|
A_©vr mvgvb¨ Xvj wewkó mgZj f‚wg 300 Dt- 300 `w¶Y A¶vs‡k Ae¯’vb, ¶vixq, DËg cvwb wb®‹vkb hy³
jvfv I †`vAvk g„wËKv, 21-27 †mt ZvcgvÎv Ges 100-175 †mwg evwl©K e„wócvZ Ges Bnv µvš—xq I
Dcµvbxq A‡j Dcw¯’Z hv AvL Pvl I Drcv`b Kvh©µg‡K mxgvwqZ K‡i‡Q Ges Gi GKUz e¨wZµ‡g AvL
Pvl I Drcv`‡b †ek ¶wZKi cÖfve c‡o _v‡K| cÖKvivš—‡i Av‡Li weKí wn‡m‡e ex‡Ui Avwef©ve Ges AvL
Pvl‡K Av‡iv mxgvwqZ Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Q|
2. AvL Drcv`bKvix AÂj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †ek cÖwZ†hvwMZv j¶¨ Ki‡jI AvL Pv‡l wb‡qvwRZ f‚wg, †n±i cÖwZ
Drcv`b BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î wbægvb, cwijw¶Z|
3. AvL g~jZt Dcwb‡ewkKZvi dmj hv evMvb c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv nq Ges Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ e¨emv ev evwYR¨|
Avgiv Rvwb evMvb K…wl c×wZ LyeB DbœZ hvwš¿KxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖPzi g~jab, wekvj AvqZ‡bi f‚wg, myjf A_P
m¯—v kªwgK, myMwVZ hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v, ¸`vgRvZmn DbœZ evRvi e¨e¯’v Ges m‡e©vcwi my›`i e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb
hv g~jZt ewnivMZ‡`i nv‡Z web¨¯—| A_P AvL Drcv`bKvix †`k¸‡jv AbybœZ Ges bvbvwea mgm¨vq RwoZ|
ZvB eZ©gv‡b we‡`kx A_© e¨e¯’vcbv BZ¨vw` ¸wU‡q wb‡”Q| dj¯^iƒc evavMÖ¯’ n‡”Q AvL Pvl I Drcv`b|

mgvavb
1. we‡`kx e¨e¯’vcbv I cybt A_© jMœxmn bvbvwea my‡hvM myweav e„w×i gva¨‡g AvL Pvl cybtRxweZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
2. mKj cÖKvi Aš—tKjn, ivRbxwZ, `~Y©xwZ BZ¨vw`i D‡a© AvZœwb‡ew`Z cÖv‡Y Pvlx‡`i DØy× Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. f‚-cÖvK…wZK evav _vKv m‡Z¡I we`¨gvb AÂjmg~‡n e¨vcK wfwˇZ Gi Pvl I Drcv`b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 4.5

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b
1. AvL Dw™¢` RvZxq wKš‘ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU dmj|
2. AvL g~jZt I Dcµvš—xq km¨|
3. evwl©K e„wócvZ †mt wgt AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ |

DËi
1. el©Rxex, A_©Kix 2. µvš—xq 3. 100-175 †mt wgt, cÖ‡qvRb|

ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b

1. AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡ki GKwU ZvwjKv w`b|
2. Rjve×Zv AvL Pv‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKviK- e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
3. AvL Pv‡li e›Ub mgm¨v¸‡jv D‡j−L Ki“b|
4. wKfv‡e D™¢zZ mgm¨v `~ixKiY m¤¢e D‡j−L Ki“b|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i AvL Pvl, Drcv`b I eÈb ˆewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

BDwbU- 4 c„ôv # 50