WOMAN SOCIAL IDENTITY REPRESENTED

IN EMMA WATSON’S SPEECHES

THESIS

By:
Luvitha Nur Aziah
NIM 15320190

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM

MALANG

2019
 WOMAN SOCIAL IDENTITY REPRESENTED
IN EMMA WATSON’S SPEECHES

THESIS

Presented to
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.)

By:
Luvitha Nur Aziah
NIM 15320190

Advisor:
Dr. Meinarni Susilowati, M.Ed
19850530 200912 2 006

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM

MALANG

2019

i
 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP

I state that the thesis entitled “Woman Social Identity Represented in Emma

Watson’s Speeches” is my original work. I do not include any materials previously

written or published by another person, except those ones that are cited as references

and written in the bibliography. Hereby, if there is an objection or claim, I am the

only person who is responsible for that.

Malang, 13 November 2019

The researcher

Luvitha Nur Aziah

NIM 15320190

ii
 APPROVAL SHEET

This to certify that Luvitha Nur Aziah’s thesis entitled “Woman Social

Identity Represented in Emma Watson’s Speeches” has been approved for thesis

examination at the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik

Ibrahim Malang, as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.).

Malang, November 13th 2019

Approved by

Advisor Head of Department of

English Literature

Dr. Meinarni Susilowati, M.Ed Rina Sari, M.Pd.

NIP. 196705031999032000 NIP. 197506102006042002

Acknowledged by

Dean,

Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A.

NIP 196609101991032002

iii
 LEGITIMATION SHEET

This is to certify that the thesis of Luvitha Nur Aziah, entitled “Woman
Social Identity Represented in Emma Watson’s Speeches” has been approved by
the thesis advisor for further approval by the Board of Examiners as one of the
requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) in Department of English
Literature.

Malang, November 13th 2019

The Board of Examiners Signatures

1. Dr. Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed. (Examiner)

NIP. 197402111998032002
2. Ulil Fitriyah, M.Pd., M.Ed (Chair)

NIP. 19820823201802012167
3. Dr. Meinarni Susilowati, M.Ed (Advisor)

NIP. 196705031999032000

The Dean of Faculty of Humanities

Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A.

NIP. 1968 1231 1994 03 1022

iv
 MOTTO

“Verily, Allah is with the patient.”

- 2:153 -

v
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to:

My beloved parents, especially my mother.

My beloved-self.

And those who are struggling with this kind of thesis.

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises and my most tremendous gratitude

to Allah SWT for his guidance, mercy, and blessings, giving me perpetual health,

time and opportunity so that I could finally accomplish my thesis entitled “Woman

Social Identity Represented in Emma Watson’s Speeches” correctly as the final also

major requirement to finish my undergraduate degree at Department of English

Literature in Faculty of Humanities of State Islamic University of Maulana Malik

Ibrahim. Sholawat and Salam to the Prophet Muhammad SAW who brought us

from the darkness to the lightness.

I would like to thank people who have been engaged in this thesis

accomplishment in these very short words. First, I extend my deepest gratitude to

all of my big family including my little brother and sister which I feel blessed to

have them as my fervor of life. Especially to my mother, who is always the one that

would never stop praying for me and giving her supports for me. Second, I would

like to dedicate my most immense gratitude to all of the lecturers of the English

Letter Department. They have been guiding me since the very beginning of my

English journey at this university. Third, I would like to dedicate my most generous

gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dr. Meinarni Susilowati, M. Ed., for her greatest

attention and suggestion to finish my thesis. Thank you for all of your advice and

knowledge that I appreciated them so much.

vii
 Last but not least, I would like to say my biggest thanks to my beloved

acquaintances that have also been my supporters: Bat Noah, Popo Crew, Permata

Jingga Residents, Dulur Smart, BBJT, and many other kindest people on the earth

that I cannot mention their name but every contribution of them meant to me. In the

end, I am sure that this research still lacks in many aspects, but I hope that this

research may help those who are interested in woman social identity investigation.

Therefore, I would be pleased to accept any constructive comments and suggestions

related for the betterment of this research.

viii
 ABSTRACT

Aziah, Luvitha Nur. 2019. Woman Social Identity Represented in Emma

Watson’s Speeches. Thesis, Department of English Literature. Faculty of
Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.

Advisor: Dr. Meinarni Susilowati, M. Ed.

Keywords: Woman, Social Identity, Identity Investigation, Emma Watson Speech

This research investigates woman social identity represented in Emma Watson

speeches. Woman identity may be seen as the connection between woman roles and crucial
factors in their life. Many factors produce or build someone’s identity. Society is the most
significant influence that creates woman social identity. Emma Watson speech is the
appropriate data to be chosen in this topic since it mostly discussed woman social identity.

This research is a sociocultural linguistic study. The data were obtained from the
three speeches of Emma Watson about gender equality. The speeches mostly talked about
women through their abilities, skills, and values based on her research, views, and
experiences. Furthermore, the researcher put the focus on the data related to woman social
identity representation through the five principles of identity investigation by (Bucholtz,
2005) as the tool in investigating identity. Bucholtz has proposed that this approach is a
suitable tool to investigate identity concerning to the aspect of language, culture, and
society.

The findings showed how Emma Watson represented woman social identity by
portraying it according to her research and experiences. The researcher found that woman
social identity is represented as often to be underestimated by society. Women were seen
differently through their ability, skill, and value. The researcher found some representations
on woman social identity from society, especially in its inequality that has been widespread.
The findings also found that woman social identity representation mostly appeared in the
context of indexicality and partialness. It showed that Emma Watson represented woman
social identity by highlighting the labels related to woman who faced inequality.

Further investigation about woman social identity is highly recommended since it

is rare to be discussed despite its issue’s popularity. The data in this research may not be
productive as it is from the speech that has no interaction in it and limited to Emma Watson
speech on the topic of gender equality. Therefore, another potential resource to be
investigated as the research subject may enrich the representation of woman social identity.

ix
 ABSTRAK

Aziah, Luvitha Nur. 2019. Identitas Sosial Wanita Direpresentasikan dalam

Pidato Emma Watson. Skripsi, Jurusan Sastra Inggris. Fakultas
Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.

Pembimbing: Dr. Meinarni Susilowati, M. Ed.

Kata kunci: Wanita, Identitas Sosial, Investigasi Identitas, Pidato Emma Watson

Penelitian ini menyelidiki identitas sosial wanita yang direpresentasikan dalam

pidato Emma Watson. Identitas wanita dapat dilihat sebagai hubungan antara peran wanita
dan faktor-faktor penting dalam kehidupan mereka. Banyak faktor yang menghasilkan atau
membangun identitas seseorang. Masyarakat adalah pengaruh terbesar yang menciptakan
identitas sosial wanita. Pidato Emma Watson adalah data yang tepat untuk dipilih dalam
topik ini karena sebagian besar membahas identitas sosial wanita.

Penelitian ini adalah studi linguistik sosiokultural. Data diperoleh dari tiga pidato
Emma Watson tentang kesetaraan gender. Pidato kebanyakan berbicara tentang wanita
melalui kemampuan, keterampilan, dan nilai mereka berdasarkan penelitian, pandangan,
dan pengalamannya. Selanjutnya, peneliti menempatkan fokus pada data yang terkait
dengan representasi identitas sosial wanita melalui lima prinsip investigasi identitas oleh
(Bucholtz, 2005) sebagai alat dalam menginvestigasi identitas. Bucholtz telah
mengusulkan bahwa pendekatan ini adalah alat yang cocok untuk menginvestigasi identitas
yang berkaitan dengan aspek bahasa, budaya, dan masyarakat.

Temuan menunjukkan bagaimana Emma Watson merepresentasikan identitas

sosial wanita dengan menggambarkannya sesuai dengan penelitian dan pengalamannya.
Peneliti menemukan bahwa identitas sosial wanita direpresentasikan sebagai sering
diremehkan oleh masyarakat. Wanita dilihat secara berbeda melalui kemampuan,
keterampilan, dan nilai mereka. Peneliti menemukan beberapa representasi identitas sosial
wanita dari masyarakat, terutama dalam hal ketidaksetaraannya yang telah menyebar luas.
Temuan ini juga menemukan bahwa representasi identitas sosial wanita sebagian besar
muncul dalam konteks indeksikalitas dan keberpihakan. Itu menunjukkan bahwa Emma
Watson cenderung merepresentasikan identitas sosial wanita dengan menyoroti label
terkait wanita yang menghadapi ketidaksetaraan.

Penyelidikan lebih lanjut tentang identitas sosial wanita sangat dianjurkan karena
jarang dibahas meskipun popularitasnya tinggi. Data dalam penelitian ini mungkin tidak
kaya karena diambil dari pidato yang tidak memiliki interaksi di dalamnya dan terbatas
pada pidato Emma Watson dalam topik kesetaraan gender. Oleh karena itu, sumber daya
potensial lain untuk diselidiki sebagai subjek penelitian dapat memperkaya representasi
identitas sosial wanita.

x
 ‫الملخص‬

‫عزية‪ ،‬نور لوفيتا‪ .2019 .‬الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة ممثلة في خطاب إيما واتسون‪ .‬بحث الجامع‪ .‬قسم‬
‫األدب اإلنجليزي‪ .‬كلية العلوم االنسانية‪ .‬جامعة اإلسالمية الحكومية موالنا مالك إبراهيم ماالنج‪.‬‬
‫المشرفة‪ :‬الدكتور مينارني سوسيلوواتي‬
‫الكلمات الرئيسية‪ :‬المرأة‪ ،‬الهوية االجتماعية‪ ،‬التحقيق في الهوية‪ ،‬خطاب إيما واتسون‬

‫يبحث هذا البحث في الهويات االجتماعية للمرأة الممثلة في خطاب إيما واتسون‪ .‬يمكن النظر إلى هوية المرأة‬
‫على أنها العالقة بين أدوار المرأة والعوامل المهمة في حياتها‪ .‬تنتج العديد من العوامل هوية الشخص أو تبنيها‪.‬‬
‫المجتمع هو التأثير األكبر الذي يخلق الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة‪ .‬خطاب إيما واتسون هو البيانات الصحيحة‬
‫لالختيار من بينها في هذا الموضوع ألن معظمها يعالج الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة‪.‬‬

‫هذا البحث هو دراسة لغوية اجتماعية ثقافية‪ .‬تم الحصول على البيانات من ثالثة من خطابات إيما واتسون‬
‫حول المساواة بين الجنسين‪ .‬تتحدث الخطابات في الغالب عن النساء من خالل قدراتهن ومهاراتهن وقيمهن‬
‫بنا ًء على أبحاثها وآرائها وخبراتها‪ .‬عالوة على ذلك‪ ،‬تركز الباحثة على البيانات المتعلقة بتمثيل الهوية‬
‫االجتماعية للمرأة من خالل المبادئ الخمسة للتحقق من الهوية )‪ (Bucholtz, 2005‬كأداة في التحقيق في‬
‫الهوية‪ .‬لقد اقترحوا أن هذا النهج هو أداة مناسبة للتحقيق في الهويات المتعلقة بجوانب اللغة والثقافة والمجتمع‪.‬‬

‫تظهر النتائج كيف تمثل إيما واتسون الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة من خالل وصفها وفقًا لبحثها وخبرتها‪ .‬وجدت‬
‫الباحثة أن الهويات االجتماعية للمرأة ممثلة في كثير من األحيان بأقل من تقدير المجتمع‪ .‬ينظر إلى النساء‬
‫بشكل مختلف من خالل قدراتهن ومهاراتهن وقيمهن‪ .‬وجدت الباحثة عدة تمثيالت للهوية االجتماعية للمرأة‬
‫من المجتمع‪ ،‬خاصة في عدم المساواة التي انتشرت على نطاق واسع‪ .‬وجدت هذه النتيجة أيضًا أن تمثيل‬
‫الهويات االجتماعية للمرأة ظهر غالبًا في سياق الفهرسة واالنحياز‪ .‬هذا يظهر أن إيما واتسون تميل إلى تمثيل‬
‫الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة من خالل تسليط الضوء على العالمات المتعلقة بالمرأة التي تواجه عدم المساواة‪.‬‬

‫نادرا ما تتم مناقشتها على الرغم من شعبيتها‪.‬‬

‫يوصى بشدة مزيد من التحقيق في الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة ألنه ً‬
‫قد ال تكون البيانات الواردة في هذه الدراسة غنية بسبب الخطابات التي ال تتفاعل فيها وتقتصر على خطاب‬
‫إيما واتسون حول موضوع المساواة بين الجنسين‪ .‬لذلك‪ ،‬يمكن استكشاف الموارد المحتملة األخرى‬
‫كموضوعات بحثية لتمثيل الهوية االجتماعية للمرأة‪.‬‬

‫‪xi‬‬
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE SHEET ....................................................................................................... i

STATEMENT OF THESIS AUTHORSHIP ...................................................... ii
APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................... iii
LEGITIMATION SHEET .................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ..................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...........................................................................1

1.1. Background of the study ............................................................................1

1.2. Research Question .....................................................................................5
1.3. Research Objective ....................................................................................6
1.4. Significances .............................................................................................6
1.5. Scope and Limitation.................................................................................7
1.6. Definition of Key Terms ...........................................................................7
1.7. Research Method .......................................................................................9
1.7.1. Research Design ...............................................................................9
1.7.2. Research Subject ............................................................................10
1.7.3. Research Instrument .......................................................................11
1.7.4. Data Source ....................................................................................11
1.7.5. Data Collection ...............................................................................12
1.7.6. Data Analysis..................................................................................12
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................14
2.1. Identity.....................................................................................................14
2.2. Social Identity..........................................................................................16
2.3. Woman Social Identity ............................................................................18
2.4. Identity Investigation ...............................................................................20

xii
 2.5. Previous Studies ......................................................................................22
CHAPTER III FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ...............................................25
3.1. Findings ...................................................................................................25
3.2. Discussion ...............................................................................................52
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .....................................57
4.1. Conclusion ...............................................................................................57
4.2. Suggestion ...............................................................................................58

xiii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter briefly explains some essential parts related to the fundamental

aspects of research, starting from the reasons for choosing research topics in the

background of the research. There is also a question relating to this research, and

contain the importance of studies, scope, and limitations. Furthermore, the research

methods and definitions of the main terms are presented in the last section.

1.1. Background of the study

Identity has become a blooming topic to be discussed. Many are interested

in investigating the identity of a person or group to understand the similarities or

differences between them. (Stets & Serpe, 2013) defined identity as a collection of

meaning when a person is the inhabitant of a particular role in society, a member of

a particular group that identifies themselves. Hence, one way to find out someone's

identity is by investigating the group in which people are engaged because everyone

gets their identity from the social group. As (Cox, 2001) defined that social identity

is referred to personal affiliations with groups.

Some theorists have proposed the concept of social identity. (Hogg, 2006)

defined social identity as a person’s knowledge or awareness of themselves being

a member of a particular social category or group. When social identity is

established, it is presented to determine the perceptions and values of certain

1
 2

groups. (Baron & Byrne, 2003) added that social identity is how a person defined

who he is, including personal attributes and shared group attributes such as gender

and race. Having social identity means that we agree with certain groups and see

things from the group's perspectives.

(Tajfel, 1982) defined social identity as part of one’s self concept related to

his membership in a group of social category. Gender identity refers to one’s self

concept shared with others of the same gender. Gender identity is linked to certain

expectations of beliefs, behaviors, and feelings associated with male and female

social categories (Deaux & Stewart, 2001). One in the same social group will have

the same beliefs, behaviours, and perception with other individuals. As (Burke and

Stets, 2009) said that the member of a particular group identifies himself by

producing similarity in perception and behaviour.

When we identify women, it is related to attitude toward group

characteristics, such as femininity and self-stereotyping. These group

characteristics are parts of a cultural definition shared of the social category of

“woman” (Rudman & Glick, 2008). It means that women will tend to identify who

they are based on the shared definition about themselves as a member of a social

group. It is about how important it is to be a woman for their self-concept, how

socially they see women as and how proud they are as group members (Tajfel,

1979). The issue regarding women identity is often arisen by feminists as one part

of social groups. Many young women agree with feminist ideals but do not agree

with personal identity of feminist (Hirschey, 2017). Many feminists also believed

women still faced inequalities in some aspects of life. (Speake, 2015) showed that
 3

woman identity has challenged by gender inequality beforehand. Therefore, woman

social identity is important to be discussed to have more knowledge about woman

social identity.

Woman social identity can be defined as a perception or knowledge of who

she is according to her membership or relationship with a group, especially woman

social identity. A woman identity can be revealed from two types (Fearon, 1998).

First, woman identity from a personal concept in which it relates to any beliefs,

principles, or actions that distinguish a woman from other individuals or collectives

based on her own experiences in her life. Second, woman identity from a social

concept in which the beliefs, principles, or actions that distinguish a woman from

other individuals or collectives involves explanation from society, which derives

woman as her membership to a social group. Thus, community has a vital role in

creating one's identity, including women. Therefore, woman social identity is

greatly influenced by woman’s experiences in life as well as behavior, views,

perceptions, and many other aspects from community.

Emma Watson had talked about women social identity in her speech.

Therefore, this study specifically investigated how Emma Watson represented

woman social identity in her speech. The contents of the speech more talked about

how woman social identity in the eyes of the community and other issues related to

gender. The first speech was held in the United States at the 2014 HeForShe

Campaign. The HeForShe Campaign is a solidarity movement for gender equality

that invites men to help end the inequalities women and girls face globally. The
 4

second and third speeches are delivered in 2015 and 2016 with the same topic about

gender equality.

There are several reasons why the researcher analyzed Emma Watson

speech. First, the speech contains acceptable markers of identity. Secondly, she is

a feminist that has been named UN Ambassador for Women calling for gender

equality. She is known as a young woman who struggles for gender equality and

has talked a lot about it. Her speech on this topic has been widespread and discussed

by many. Her speech has made a real change in many people’s views and many

have built research on her speech. Finally, the content of her speech shows the data

that represents woman social identity, especially in its equality. Therefore, the

researcher is interested in investigating her speech to investigate woman social

identity because none of researchers has conducted a research on it.

Some researchers have done some previous studies related to the topic of

this research. First, Nugraha (2016) researched to find out Jose Mourinho's identity

in the Football Press Conference. It found that Mourinho showed his identity as a

football manager. It also found that Mourinho used non-verbal communication such

as movements, facial expressions, and the like to emphasize his identity. Second,

Iftitah (2018) conducted a research investigating how metaphorical proverbs

express women's identities. This study found that some proverbs were represented

gender inequality because women's role was primarily seen by the quality of beauty

based on British beauty standards. Third, Susilowati (2014) conducted a conceptual

review on approaches to identity investigation. She found that the sociocultural

linguistic approach was a more comprehensive tool for investigating identity.

 5

Fourth, Batterson (2015) conducted a research about rhetorical criticism of Emma

Watson speech. It found that Emma used rhetoric to encourage her audience for

gender equality while avoiding the negative connotation for the word related to

gender stereotypes and feminism. Fifth, Yuan (2017) conducted a research about

pragmatic functions of English rhetoric in public speech. It concludes that Emma

used certain pragmatic functions of English rhetoric namely parallelism, strengthen

emphasizement, and sense of urgency.

From the previous study above, the researcher had found that some have

discussed the strategy of Emma Watson in delivering her speech. But, none of them

has addressed the identity concealed behind her speech. Furthermore, the researcher

found that it may represent woman social identity because the speech mostly talked

about woman. The previous researcher also gave recommendations to subsequent

the researcher to investigate identity using other theories to discover how women

identify themselves through their linguistic forms. The researcher chooses to

investigate woman social identity represented in Emma Watson speech from the

two reasons above. Therefore, this research is different from previous studies

because the way to analyze the subject is different and focuses on investigating

women social identity in Emma Watson speech.

1.2. Research Question

Based on the background described above, the researcher comes up with a

problem that becomes a research question for this study. The research question is:

“How does Emma Watson represent woman social identity in her speeches?”
 6

1.3. Research Objective

In line with the research question stated above, the objective of this research

is to investigate how Emma Watson represents woman social identity in her

speeches.

1.4. Significances

The findings from this study are expected to make a theoretical and practical

contribution. Theoretically, this research can generate a theory about woman social

identity. It is expected to confirm that woman social identity representation may be

affected by some aspects of society such as experiences, views and perceptions.

Besides, these findings are expected to end with the results of the representation of

woman social identity in speech.

Practically, this research is expected to contribute on how to investigate the

representation of a person's or group's identity on a speech by investigating several

aspects of language. The main point of this study is to reveal the representation of

woman social identity by investigating Emma Watson speech which contains

views, opinions, and experiences. The findings of this study are expected to provide

input to the society to have more concerns about women’s value regarding the

spreading identity representation and realize how speech can spread one's opinion

to each audience.

In addition, this research can be a useful reference for readers in seeing the

representation of woman social identity or future research as it can be one of the

empirical data in this similar area. It is also hoped that this research can be an
 7

additional reference for those who are interested in investigating woman social

identity, especially in the speech.

1.5. Scope and Limitation

To make the discussion about this research more effective, the researcher

has the scope and limitations of the study. Here, the scope is an investigation on

how Emma Watson represents woman social identity in her speeches. The

investigation is carried out specifically in Emma Watson speech in the U.N. at the

HeForShe Campaign. This research is limited to investigating the content of Emma

Watson speeches representing woman social identity. The data were obtained from

the three speeches of Emma Watson at the U.N. talking about gender equality. This

research found detailed features in her speech that represent woman social identity.

This research is limited to using the data that must be related to the five principles

of identity investigation theory by (Bucholtz, 2005) in order to investigate woman

social identity. Therefore, the data may not be as rich as face to face interaction.

1.6. Definition of Key Terms

To make the research understandable, the discussed terms are defined as

follows:

a. Woman Social Identity

Social identity of woman as her membership to social group according to

the perception or knowledge a woman has of who she is according to her

membership or her relationship with a group that may represent women

 8

social identity. This concept was demonstrated in Emma Watson speech

presented in the U.N. In this case, Emma Watson was a feminist calling for

gender equality and had delivered speech that represented woman social

identity based on her experiences, views, and opinions.

b. Emma Watson Speech

Three speeches presented by Emma Watson in the U.N that were uploaded

to YouTube on 22nd September 2014, 23rd January 2015, and 20th

September 2016. She talked about gender equality, which also represented

woman social identity through her views and experiences.

c. Emergence

Emergence is the concept that identity comes up by linguistic interaction. It

is signed when people’s use of language does not match their social

category.

d. Positionality

Positionality is what and how people do in interaction. It is showed that

identity is built from every moment of interaction.

e. Indexicality

Indexicality is identity categories, labels, and presuppositions regarding

identity position that construct identity.

f. Relationality

Relationality set its scope based on how is the sameness or difference that

identity constructed.
 9

g. Partialness

Partialness is that identity comes from what people had configured and

confirmed their identity contextually. Its construction comes from

others perception and representations.

1.7. Research Method

To answer the research question, the researcher used specific research

methods. The researcher placed the order in six parts, including the research design,

research subjects, research instruments, data sources, data collection, and data

analysis.

1.7.1. Research Design

This research belongs to the Constructivism Worldview since it aimed to

develop a pattern of meaning by understanding the background or experiences of

individuals or groups. In this case, this research investigated woman social identity

in Emma Watson speech by analyzing every experience and view related to woman

social identity delivered by Emma Watson in her speech.

This research explained woman social identity represented in Emma Watson

speech based on her utterances. Then, the analysis described how her statements

represented woman social identity. Therefore, this research is descriptive because

it explained woman social identity representation by investigating Emma Watson

speech. This research is done by understanding the use of language in the form of
 10

words found in the speech and explaining the data to develop woman social identity

representation theory. Therefore, this research is in a qualitative method.

To determine which part of the speech used in analyzing woman social

identity, the researcher used the sociocultural linguistic approach as the approach

of the study. This approach is used in this research because it is concerned with the

intersection of language and society related to woman social identity representation

that mainly sees women’s experiences and views about women in society. In this

case, the researcher analyzed the data collected to reflect and explore what she

already know with the data, find patterns, and create a complete understanding of

the research context (Heigham & Croker, 2009).

1.7.2. Research Subject

The subject of the study was Emma Watson speeches at the U.N. with the

theme of gender equality. Emma Watson speeches were chosen as the subject

because her speeches about gender equality have made a real change in the area of

woman empowerment. These have made a real change in people’s views about

women then the researcher used her speeches as the research subject. There were

three speeches by Emma Watson on the same topic that were presented sequentially

in 2014, 2015, and 2016. These speeches were chosen as the subject of research

because it contained many views and perceptions of woman social identity that have

become world problems. The content of her speeches showed the data that

represented woman social identity, especially in its inequality.

 11

1.7.2. Research Instrument

The research instrument was a human instrument because the data was in

the form of speech and could not be collected by observation or interview. The

researcher herself carried out the process of collecting data by watching carefully

to the speech videos. The researcher also eliminated data that met the requirements

to be investigated with five principles of identity investigation theory proposed by

(Bucholtz, 2005) namely emergence, positionality, indexicality, relationality, and

partialness.

1.7.3. Data Source

The data, which is the main subject of this research was Emma Watson

speeches, which talked about gender equality. Data were taken from her speeches

posted on YouTube in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The speech appeared with the topic

of gender equality, which mostly talked about the representation of women in

society. In these three speeches, she presented her views and experiences on how

society treats women in general. For the most part, she talked about her concern for

the inequalities faced by women in the world and her intention to make a difference

in them. These speeches were chosen because they address issues related to the

representation of woman social identity that is in line with the topic of analysis.

This analysis was through her remarks representing woman social identity in her

speech at the HeForShe Campaign. The researcher took data from videos on

Youtube on this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkjW9PZBRfk&t=2s.

 12

The videos were uploaded to YouTube on 22nd September 2014, 23rd January

2015, and 20th September 2016.

1.7.4. Data Collection

There were several steps of data collection. First, the researcher chose the

speeches on the topic of gender equality. Second, the researcher downloaded related

videos on YouTube. Third, the researcher watched the video three times. The first

watch is for understanding the context. The second watch is for matching the videos

with transcripts to understand both the context and situation of the speeches. The

last watch is for identifying the utterances that are suitable to be the research data.

Fourth, the researcher chose the data related to woman social identity as the

appropriate data to be analyzed by the theory of identity inquiry and breaking it

down into each relevant principle.

1.7.5. Data Analysis

To analyze the data, the researcher chose each of the remarks relevant to the

five principles of identity inquiry theory proposed by (Bucholtz, 2005) including

emergence, positionality, indexicality, relationality, and partialness. In this case,

they proposed a framework for better investigating someone's identity and

successfully applying it in their research. First, the data showing that the language

does not match the speaker’s social category was categorized as emergence.

Second, the data showing what and how people do in the interaction was

categorized as positionality. Third, the data showing identity categories, labels,

presuppositions regarding identity position was classified as indexicality. Fourth,

 13

the data showing that identity is a result of an interaction, including its sameness or

difference between in-group and out-group, was categorized as relationality. Fifth,

the data showing that identity construction comes from others’ perceptions and

representations were categorized as partialness. Here, every data related to the

theory was coded to specify the data and discussed in sequence. The codes are

presented in the form of numbers based on the five principles. Every data were

noted with numbers, for example, “I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for

UN Women (1.1) six months ago. Finally, the researcher made a conclusion to

summarize research findings and discussion.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related theoretical frameworks used in conducting

this research. This chapter includes more in-depth explanation of identity, social

identity, woman social identity, and identity investigation. This chapter also

presents the previous studies related to this topic.

2.1. Identity

Identity is a set of meanings attached to the roles occupied by individuals in

social structures (role identities), the group they come from (group identities), and

their unique way of seeing themselves (people's identities) (Stets & Serpe, 2013).

The set of meanings is the response of individuals when they reflect themselves

regarding people’s role, social, or identity (Burke and Stets, 2009). For example, a

man may become friendly when he considers himself a receptionist and becomes

accurate when he considers himself an accountant. What is more, identity helps

people to place themselves in an interaction.

Organizing identity consists of three bases, namely, roles, groups, and

people’s identity. This categorization helps us understand group while at the same

time, they are trying to build their distinctiveness as humans (Burke & Stets, 2009).

The first is role identity. To understand role identity, we first need to understand

social roles and positions. Roles are expectations that come in social positions of

society, such as teachers, students, and parents. For example, expectations related

14
 15

to student position are to be actively involved in class, such as accomplishing

assignments, passing courses, and getting a degree.

The second is about group identity. Group identity is the meaning that

comes up in interactions with other groups of people, such as family, school, and

workplace. This implies involvement with this group of other people, such as

sharing and trying to accept the conventional way of behaviors that had been agreed

by every other group member, as well as being involved in group activities. It also

includes being a member of a professional organization, civic group, or recreation

team.

Group identity is different from social identity, where it addresses

individuals with social categories (Hogg, 2006). Social categories are created by

the community to build a stratification and are often originated from one's

race/ethnicity or gender. Such categorization makes it easy for us to understand the

status of groups of people in social structures and allows us to know how they

should be treated. This helps make the conversation predictable and smooth. When

social identities are established, they are presented to determine the perceptions and

values of the group. Therefore, individuals may not act based on their self-

definition, but based on their knowledge as their membership to a social category.

The last is people’s identity. People’s identity is based on the definition to

distinguish each person as a unique individual, not as a person who holds a

particular role or as a member of a certain group (Burke & Stets, 2009). People’s

identity recognize the characteristics that are internalized and define the person in

a culturally different way. For example, people can see themselves as moral and
 16

internalize the cultural meanings associated with this identity (Stets & Carter,

2011).

2.2. Social Identity

Social identity is a perception, knowledge or view about who they are which

is owned by people who have a relation to a particular group or become a member

of the group. (Tajfel, 1979) confirmed that the group in which someone engaged to

becomes the critical place where s/he can get his/her self-esteem. This self-esteem

may build a sense of social identity to the people who have been the member of the

group. In addition, people that are involved in the group may get a sense of social

identity of that group.

Besides, a social identity is also considered a person’s knowledge or

awareness of themselves being a member of a particular social category or group

(Hogg, 2006). Furthermore, the social group is a set or a group of people holding

the same view as the common identification of each member of the group. The

people in it may have the same social identification due to their interaction in the

group. By this social identification, some different categories, and groups may

come up along with their diverse members. This phenomenon may cause a process

of social comparison. Social comparison here is the process where the member of

each group or category may be seen differently than other group or category. Here,

the persons who have similar identification are labeled as the in-group and the

persons who have different identification are labelled as the out-group.

 17

When we have a social identity, it means that we approve the group

perspective and we are willing to be a member of the group. As a result, we may

share the same attitudes, beliefs, values, norms, ways of action and styles of speech.

When we share in many aspects, we may then become identical with others in the

group. These processes will format our social identity as a member of a certain

group.

In formatting social identity, there are two important processes namely

social categorization and social comparison. In social categorization, we categorize

something or someone into particular group to understand and identify them. In this

process, we may use social categories like black or white people, male or female,

student or teacher and so on. While in social comparison, we tend to compare the

other group (out-group) with the group we are engaged in (in-group).

Each process of this social identity formation may obtain different

consequences. The consequence of self-categorization is an accentuation that

someone has on the similarities between the self and other in-group members and

an accentuation on the differences that differentiate the self that is labelled the in-

group with the self that is categorized as the out-group. This accentuation is

involved in each behaviour, beliefs, values, styles of speech and other aspects that

may categorize people in a particular group. The consequence of social comparison

is the selective action that may result in a self-appreciation for the in-group. This

action may bring someone to a process of evaluating aspects between the in-group

and out-group. It may be that someone may judge or view positively on in-group

and instead negatively to out-group (Hogg, 2000).

 18

2.3. Woman Social Identity

(Tajfel, 1982) defined social identity as part of one’s self concept related to

his membership in a group of social category. Gender identity refers to one’s self

concept shared with others of the same gender. Gender identity is linked to certain

expectations of beliefs, behaviors, and feelings associated with male and female

social categories (Deaux & Stewart, 2001). One in the same social group will have

the same beliefs, behaviors, and perception with other individuals. As (Burke and

Stets, 2009) said that the member of a particular group identifies himself by

producing similarity in perception and behaviour.

When we identify women, it is related to every attitude toward group

characteristics, such as femininity and self-stereotyping. These group

characteristics are parts of a cultural definition shared of social category of

“woman” (Rudman & Glick, 2008). It means that women will tend to identify who

they are based on the shared definition about themselves as a member of the social

group. It is about how important it is to be a woman for their self-concept, how

socially they see women as and how proud they are as group members (Tajfel,

1979). The issue regarding women identity is often arisen by feminists as one part

of social groups. Many young women agree with feminist ideals but do not agree

with personal identity of feminist (Hirschey, 2017). Many feminists also believed

women still faced inequalities in some aspects of life. (Speake, 2015) showed that

woman identity has challenged by gender inequality beforehand.

 19

Woman social identity is a perception or knowledge of who she is according

to her membership or relationship with a group, especially woman social identity.

(Fearon, 1999) has stated that woman identity can be investigated by considering

two types. The first is finding woman identity from a personal concept. It relates to

any beliefs, principles or actions that distinguish women from other individuals or

collectives based on their own experiences in woman’s life. The second is seeing

woman identity from a social concept. It is about the beliefs, principles or actions

that distinguish woman from other individual or collectives, which involves an

explanation from society that derives woman as her membership to a social group.

Then, woman social identity may be influenced by any beliefs, principles, and

actions that owned by woman based on her experiences as well as behavior and

perceptions that she got from community.

Woman identity can be seen from two senses: social type and personal type

(Fearon, 1999). In social type, identity is a social category in which a group of

people is designated or marked by the same label (or labels). This social category

comes from our membership in a particular social group. Thus, society has a

prominent role in creating someone's identity, including a woman. Therefore,

woman social identity is highly influenced by the work of society including

behaviour, views, perception, and many other aspects. Besides, personal type deals

with a belief that a woman identity can be seen based on her thoughts and

experiences. These theories matched the research topic since the investigation was

going through the data from Emma Watson speech based on her thoughts and

experiences.
 20

2.4. Identity Investigation

(Bucholtz, 2005) has proposed a theory to analyze identity as the product of

linguistic interaction. They proposed that identity may be investigated by pointing

out on the details of linguistic features, as well as the influence of culture, society,

and other aspects that may create identity. This approach has five principles in

investigating identity. Those are emergence, positionality, indexicality,

relationality, and partialness.

The first principle is emergence. The word is formulated from the concept

that identity emerges from the specific conditions of linguistic interaction. This

principle is signed when the language used by someone does not match the social

category in which he/she belonged.

It is easiest to recognize identity as the definition where the language use by

speaker does not fit into the social category that he/she assigned normatively. It is

especially when male biological speakers use feminine gender pronouns or speakers

classified as non-black use African American English. It shows that they do not use

the language to fit their social category as male or non-black people.

The second principle is positionality. The word comes from the smallest

aspect of identity because identity is built from every moment of interaction. This

principle shows that identity does not belong to a broad social category but is

determined by the formation of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in discourse. It

defines identity as what and how people do in interactions. Certain groups may
 21

perform certain linguistic features that usually appear in conversation as the group

identity marker.

This perspective links social behavior with age, gender, and social class.

This principle is about how identity is created, understood, and conceptualized

through interaction. For example, some teenagers with the same age may differ in

speaking because they have different resources of language. One may get their

language variation from their Javanese parents, and get it from their Sumatran

parents. This difference shows their identity, which comes from their moment

interaction, how and with whom they have done it.

The third principle is indexicality. Indexicality comes up with the idea that

linguistic forms are used to construct identity. It includes mentioning identity

categories and labels, implicatures and presuppositions regarding one's identity

positions, certain orientations to ongoing talk, and the use of linguistic structures

and systems that are ideologically associated with specific personas and groups"

(Bucholtz, 2005). Indexicality draws the formation of the language used in order to

build an identity position, not only because of its meaning related to interactional

contexts but also to social meaning.

The fourth principle is relationality. It points out the importance of relational

aspects to define identity. There are two processes in this principle. First, it goes

that identity comes up due to social interaction which makes meaning relation to

other identity position and social status. Second, it shows that the identity view has

limited its scope according to sameness and difference. It sees identity as

 22

'intersubjectively constructed through several, often overlapping, complementary

relations, including similarity/ difference, genuineness/ artifice, and

authority/deligitimacy' (Bucholtz, 2005).

The last principle is partialness. It is the consequence of the fourth principle.

Since identity is relational, it will be partial as well, meaning that identity is

obtained from self-configuration with others contextually and confirmedly. It

creates an idea that "any given construction of identity may be in part deliberate

and intentional, in part habitual and hence often less than fully conscious, in part an

outcome of interactional negotiation and contestation, in part an outcome of others'

perceptions and representations, and in part an effect of larger ideological processes

and material structures that may become relevant to interaction. It is therefore

constantly shifting both as the interaction unfolds and across discourse contexts"

(Bucholtz, 2005).

2.5. Previous Studies

There are some previous studies related to this research found by the

researcher. First, Nugraha (2016) conducted a research aimed to find out the identity

of Jose Mourinho in football conferences. In this study, the researcher collected the

data from five press-conferences from the internet. This research found that

Mourinho showed his identity in football press-conference as a manager of football.

He found that there are two ways used by Jose in projecting his identity. It was

when he expressed his attitude and when he talked about his capability as a football

manager. It also discovered that Mourinho used non-verbal communication, such

 23

as gestures, facial expression and much of that to emphasize his identity. Based on

the finding, the research had revealed more about the identity of Jose Mourinho,

and it is recommended to examine woman, language, and identity, which have not

been investigated.

Second, Iftitah (2018) investigated how metaphorical proverbs reveal the

identity of a woman. Here, the researcher collected the data from an Oxford

Dictionary of Proverbs that related to woman. The researcher used the theory of

George Lakoff on cognitive metaphor and also feminist critical discourse analysis

by Lazar. This research found that some proverbs represent gender inequality

because the role of a woman was mostly seen by the beauty quality based on

England's standard of beauty. The research had investigated women identity based

on metaphorical proverbs, but the investigation on woman identity can be deeper

by using another aspect as the data.

Third, Susilowati (2014) conducted a conceptual review on approaches to

identity investigation. This paper discussed three approaches such as

sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, and sociocultural linguistics to investigate

identity. The use of these three approaches was explored to enclose the nature of

identity, which is constructed through interaction. In the end, the researcher found

that the sociocultural linguistic approach is a more comprehensive tool to

investigate identity.

Fourth, Batterson (2015) researched about rhetorical criticism of Emma

Watson’s address to the U.N. It focused on using metaphor criticism to comprehend

the function of metaphors in Emma Watson speech. She found two types of
 24

metaphor: those related to gender stereotypes and feminism. The research found

that Emma used rhetoric to encourage her audience for gender equality while

avoiding the negative connotation for the word referred to gender stereotypes and

feminism.

Fifth, Yuan (2017) discussed pragmatic functions of English rhetoric in

public speech of Emma Watson. This research focused on exploring the pragmatic

functions of English rhetoric in the public speech. It concluded that specific

pragmatic functions of English rhetoric such as parallelism strengthen

emphasizement and sense of urgency and describes differences to show a

preference. It also showed that using proper English rhetoric devices in public

speaking improves the efficiency of communication.

The researcher found that none of them had investigated woman social

identity in Emma Watson speech at the HeForShe Campaign. Some have discussed

the strategy of Emma Watson in delivering her speech. Besides, the previous

researcher recommended the next researcher to investigate identity using another

theory to find how women identify their feminism through their linguistic form.

This was relevant since Emma Watson is indeed a feminist, and the analysis was

focused on the detail of her linguistic feature. From those two reasons above, the

researcher chose to investigate woman social identity represented in Emma Watson

Speech. That is why this research was different from the previous study because the

way of analyzing the subject was different and it focused on investigating woman

social identity in Emma Watson speech.

 CHAPTER III

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter provides findings and discussion of the research. Every data of

the speech that represent woman social identity were put in the findings section and

discussed in the discussion section. The discussion section means answering the

research question about woman social identity represented in Emma Watson

speech.

3.1. Findings

The subject of this research is the three speeches of Emma Watson, which

discusses gender equality. The 14 data are selected by considering the aspects that

show woman social identity in Emma Watson speech. The use of codes is necessary

to specify the data that are related to the identity investigation theory. The codes are

presented in the form of numbers to make the explanation easier. These codes are

used in specifying the data based on the five principles of identity investigation

theory. All data found were noted with numbers. For example, "I was appointed as

Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women (1.1) six months ago. Furthermore, the

discussion elaborates on woman social identity representation by the founded

aspects of identity investigation theory on the findings.

25
 26

Datum 1

The data below appeared when Emma Watson firstly began her speech

about gender equality in the UN. At first, she told the audience that six months

before, she was appointed to be a speaker as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women.

In the beginning, she started her opinion saying that talking about feminism or

fighting for women's rights has been seen as an act of man-hating by many people.

"I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women (1.1) six months ago. And the
more I’ve spoken about feminism (1.2), the more I have realized that fighting for women’s
rights (1.3) has too often become synonymous with man-hating (1.4)”.

In this session, she began the speech by mentioning the word related to a

woman several times in order to show the position of woman in society. When the

speaker said that she was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women (1.1),

it showed that she wanted to show her position in a woman category. She also

showed that she was a feminist by the words, the more I’ve spoken about feminism

(1.2). It showed that she was a feminist and proudly saying that she had spoken

much about the topic. It also goes with the word women’s rights (1.3) that she used

to stress her intention to speak about women’s issues. These data can be categorized

as indexicality since Emma Watson, several times mentions the word related to

woman category to show her position as a woman who fights for woman’s rights.

Emma Watson also stated that fighting for women’s rights has too often

become synonymous with man-hating (1.3-1.4). Here, the speaker said that many

people have assumed that fighting for women's rights is considered with the act of
 27

man-hating. It means that many people believed that acting to fight for woman’s

rights is considered as the act of hating the man. In other words, she talked about

the perception of others, or we can say here the out-group since she is a woman that

fights for gender equality, so she is a member of the in-group. By this, the other

who does not agree with her actions or does not have the same opinion about it is

considered as a member of the out-group. This statement can be categorized as

partialness because she clearly represents the other's perception of a feminist by

those statements.

Datum 2

The data below appeared when Emma Watson explained the previous

definition of feminism to give the exact information that she wanted the audience

to understand. It was also to show the wrong opinion from what people think about

feminism that she had said at the beginning of her speech.

"For the record, feminism, by definition, is the belief that men and women should
have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic, and social
equality of the sexes."(2.1)

In the data above, the researcher only finds indexicality to clarify the wrong

concept(s) of feminism. The speaker explained the definition of feminism on (2.1),

which means that she wanted to show that she was an expert on that topic or familiar

with that topic. By talking about the definition of feminism means that she had

projected her identity in her speech. She, therefore, had shown her position as a

feminist and shown that she wanted to deliver her thought she had about feminism.
 28

This data can be categorized as indexicality since Emma Watson explained the

definition of the word related to woman category.

Datum 3

The data below appeared when she talked about her first concern on gender

by recalling her experiences related to gender stereotypes. She told her experiences

when she was a child until a teenager. After that, she stated that she was a feminist.

“I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was

eight, I was confused of being called “bossy”(3.1). Because, I wanted to direct the plays
that we would put on for our parents. But the boys were not. When at fourteen, I started to
be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at fifteen, my girlfriends started
dropping out of their beloved sports teams because they didn’t want to appear “muscle-
y”(3.2). When at eighteen, my male friends were unable to express their feelings. I decided
that I was a feminist (3.3). And this seen uncomplicated to me."

This data shows woman social identity because, according to the theory of

identity investigation, there are some parts in her speech that describe the

representation of woman social identity. She talked about her experiences in social

interaction by being a woman. She said that she was called “bossy” (3.1). It is

because she wanted to direct the play when if the boys do that, they would not be

called like that. By her utterance, it shows that women and men have different

perception in society. Women and man have been valued by what society believed.

When each gender (woman/man) do not act or speak as they should behave

according to social perceptions about each, they will be labeled negatively.

 29

In words, "my girlfriends started dropping out from the sports teams

because they did not want to appear muscle-y” (3.2) also shows the social

perception that women should not appear muscle-y. Here, the perception of a

woman is shown as a woman should not be bossy and muscle-y because the

perception is that those characteristics are the characteristics of a man. Therefore,

those data can be categorized as relationality since those data are suitable, with the

fourth principle stating that identity comes up as a result of social interaction. It also

states that “identity view has limited its scope according to sameness and difference

as constructed through overlapping, complementary relations, including

similarity/difference, genuineness/artifice, or authority/deligitimacy.”

In the next section, Emma Watson also said: "I decided that I was a

feminist"(3.3) in her speech to show her identity position. She projected her identity

as a feminist by saying the label in the woman category that shows her position.

This data can be categorized as indexicality since Emma Watson saying her

position by saying the word in (3.3). By stating the word “I decided that I was a

feminist” (3.3), she has projected her identity as a feminist fighting for women’s

rights.
 30

Datum 4
The data below appeared when she talked about what she had found in her

recent research. She found that the word "feminism" had not been familiar with

many people. Many women were afraid to admit that they were feminists because

of the world's view of feminist. The view of “feminist” was identical with a negative

connotation.

“But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular
word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminist (4.1). Apparently, I am among the
ranks of women (4.2) whose expressions are seen as too strong. Too aggressive, isolating
and anti-men. Unattractive even." (4.3)

This data showed woman social identity when the speaker said, Women are

choosing not to identify as feminist (4.1). It shows how woman is not comfortable

to identify herself as a feminist because it is often linked with negative connotations.

By this statement, we know that women are the individuals that choose not to define

themselves as feminists. The speaker also said, “I am among the ranks of women.”

(4.2) From this sentence, we may know her position in the social group as a woman

that is also a feminist, which is seen negatively. By saying many words related to

woman category, it clearly shows that the speech is indeed talking about woman

issues. This data can be categorized as indexicality because Emma Watson

mentioned the words related to woman category to show her position as a woman

who chooses to boldly identify herself as a feminist even though there are many

negative views.
 31

In the next section, Emma Watson also said that woman who became

feminist had been seen as too strong, aggressive, isolating, anti-men and even

unattractive. (4.3) As she belongs to the woman's group, her act about feminism is

seen as the vice versa of what women should do or behave according to the

perceptions of society. The perception of society is that women should not be too

strong and aggressive; otherwise, her value as a woman will be decreased and will

be seen as unattractive. The data above can be categorized as emergence when

woman does not match the social category in which she belongs to. This data shows

that society has believed that a woman should not have a strong character as men

do.

Datum 5

The data below appeared when she shared her opinions about woman's

rights. In this session, she stated her opinions related to her beliefs that woman

should be treated equally in any aspect of life. Her opinions were about the

inequality faced by women.

“I am from Britain and I think it is right that I am paid the same as my male
counterparts” (5.1) “I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my
own body.” (5.2) “I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies
and the decisions that will affect my life.” (5.3) “I think it is right that socially I am
afforded the same respect as men.”(5.4) But sadly, I can say that there is no one country
in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights.”

In this session, she stated her opinion concerning the woman's rights that

should be embraced by any woman in the world. At first, she stated her opinion, “I
 32

think it is right that I am paid the same as my male counterparts” (5.1) because she

believed that woman and man should be paid the same in their work. This data

shows that woman still get different treatments in a work environment.

In words, “I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect as

men” (5.4) also shows the difference between woman and man. She said that a

woman should get the same respect as a man. This statement shows how society

treats a woman as less respectful than men. She delivered her opinion in that way

to emphasize the same right that should be experienced by any woman in the world.

Therefore, those data can be categorized as relationality since those data are

suitable with the fourth principle stating that identity is a result of the interaction. It

is also suitable for this principle about the different construction of identity through

social interaction. Those identity constructions about different treatments for man

and woman above are clearly obtained from the social interaction of the society.

Based on the data above, we know that the different identity of woman is a result

of interaction in society.

In the next section, she stated another opinion on woman’s rights by saying,

“I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body.”

(5.2). By these words, she wanted to say that women have the right to choose

whatever they like to wear or however they want their appearance looks like. From

her statement, we may understand that women usually did not have the rights to

make a decision on their own body because society has defined their standard.

Whenever they did not follow the perception, they will be judged or even valued

less than a woman.

 33

Besides, she said, “I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf

in the policies and the decisions that will affect my life.” (5.3) as she believed that

women also have the rights to be involved in any policy or decision that will affect

their lives. This statement shows that in society's perception, women cannot make

decisions about something sounds essential. The perception has seen that woman is

not capable of doing that since man is the one who can make a decision on a woman.

This data can be classified into the fifth principle, namely partialness. This is

suitable with the fifth principle since partialness defines that any given construction

of identity may be deliberate and intentional, in part an outcome of interactional

negotiation and contestation, in part of others’ perception and representations. It

means that according to the perception of society, women cannot involved in their

own making policies or decisions even though it is for their own life. This data

clearly represented how society treated women and how the representation of

women is made in society until people used to follow it unconsciously.

Datum 6

The data below appeared when she was talking about her fortunes being a

woman. She had never got any bad experiences related to gender stereotypes that

others do. She talked about that to share the idea that when every person is involved

in spreading these influences of gender equality, the world will be changed better.
 34

“But I am one of the lucky ones. My life is a sheer privilege because my parents
didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter. (6.1) My school did not limit me because
I was a girl. (6.2) My mentors didn’t assume that I would go less far because I might give
birth to a child one day. These influences with the gender equality ambassadors, that made
me who I am today. They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists (6.3) who
are changing the world today.”

This data shows woman social identity because, according to the theory of

identity investigation, there are some parts in her speech that describe the

representation of woman social identity. First, Emma Watson, in several times,

produced utterances related to woman category that may label her identity as a

woman. The use of words “daughter” (6.1), “girl” (6.2), and “feminists” (6.3) on

the speech above clearly represents her woman identity. This data is categorized as

indexicality as she mentioned some words of the woman category.

In the whole context of this section, she shared her experiences of being a

woman in her life. She said that she is lucky enough because she did not get the

treatment like other women often got because of being a woman. By the words,

“My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was

born a daughter” (6.1), she shows that her parents did not love her less, and her

mentor did not underestimate her because she is a woman.

From her utterances, we may understand that she did not get negative

experiences that are usually experienced by other women. It clearly shows how

people in society treat their daughter negatively. It is because the perception of

society is that a daughter may not be loved much by parents like a son. After all, a

son may seem like a more useful child. Then, a girl is usually being underestimated
 35

by people because people have assumed with the social perception that a woman is

not as multi-talented as a man.

This data can be classified into the fifth principle, namely partialness. This

is suitable with the fifth principle since partialness defines that “it creates an idea

that any given construction of identity may be in part deliberate and intentional, in

part an outcome of interactional negotiation and contestation, in part an outcome of

other's perception and representations." Those words above clearly represent the

other's perception of a woman.

Datum 7

The data below appeared when she stated the fact that not all women in this

world get better experiences as being a woman. To strengthen her opinion about the

fact, she also mentioned Hillary Clinton's name, the former first lady who was a

U.S. senator and U.S. secretary of state, that made a speech about women's rights

lately in 1997 but the fact about gender inequality experiences still exist until today.

"Because not all women have received the same rights that I have (7.1) In fact,
statistically, very few have been. In 1997, Hillary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing
about women's rights. Sadly, many of the things that she wanted to change are still true
today." (7.2)

In the data above, the researcher only finds one aspect that is related to the

theory. Then, the code is not being used here. This data shows woman social

identity because, according to the theory of identity investigation, there is a part of

her speech that describes the representation of woman social identity.

 36

In the data above, the speaker explained that not all women had received the

same rights (7.1) like she did. By using the word “woman" in some times, it shows

the label of her identity as a woman who fights for women’s rights. The word

"woman" is used to show that the problem she was talking about is specifically

dedicated to a woman who has not received the same rights. She also added with

the statement saying that Hillary Clinton also has made a speech about woman’s

rights (7.2) in order to emphasize her topic about woman’s issues. This data can be

categorized as indexicality since she has mentioned some words related to woman

category in order to elaborate on her topic about woman issues and also to show the

focus of the speech, which is about a woman.

Datum 8

The data below appeared when Emma said her concern about the

participants of the campaign. She said that the male audiences are so little which is

the problem of every gender equality campaign. Since male audiences are the most

important participants, more of them should follow this campaign to understand the

meaning of gender equality and help with the change. She then formally welcomed

the male audiences in her speech and invited them to concern about gender equality

as well.

"But what stood out for me the most, was that less than thirty per cent of the
audience was male. How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited?
Alternatively, feel welcomed to participate in a conversation? Men, I would like to take this
opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue too." (8.1)
 37

This data shows woman social identity because, according to the theory of

identity investigation, there is a part of her speech that describes the representation

of woman social identity.

In the above section, she mentioned the label of the out-group participant to

show the differences. As long as Emma Watson is a woman, she is included in the

in-group, and every man that attends the campaign is the out-group. These two

terms are used to show the position that differentiates two different parts of social

groups. For example, there are two parts in a gender category, namely woman and

man.

At this point, she said that the male audiences are very few, and this is the

biggest problem in every campaign. It is difficult to make a change because most

of the audiences are women. She formally welcomed the male audiences to be

invited in the conversation by the sentence, “Men, I would like to take this

opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue too.”

(8.1). Thus, she mentions two words to describe the out-group, namely "male" and

"men." This act is to emphasize her position as a woman and who is the other

gender. Therefore, this data can be categorized as indexicality since Emma Watson

mentioned the label of the out-group to emphasize the different positions of in-

group and out-group.

 38

Datum 9

The data below appeared when Emma explained the effect of gender

equality for both men and women. She said that when people appreciate differences

and do not have the stereotypes about what each gender should be anymore,

everybody will feel free to express their feelings without afraid of being judged by

society.

“And that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural
consequence. If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel
compelled to be submissive. If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be
controlled. Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women
should feel free to be strong.”(9.1) It is time that we all perceived gender on a spectrum
instead of two sets of opposing ideals. “If we stop defining each other by what we are not
and start defining ourselves by who we are we can all be free-er.”(9.2)

The researcher finds that every element in the context above is related to the

theory in the data above. Then, the code is not being used since all data will be used

to be analyzed. This data is showing woman social identity because, according to

the theory of identity investigation, there is a part in her speech that describes

woman social identity representation by seeing to the society's perception.

From the data above, with her concern about fixing the stereotype problems

of gender, she gives some statements related to the topic. By the words, “If men

don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled

to be submissive. If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled.

Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should

feel free to be strong.” (9.1), she wanted to explain that men could feel free to
 39

express their emotions without feeling afraid to be called weak. As a result, when

men are not trapped in those stereotypes, women will get good consequences too.

If only every stereotype about each gender is being erased, everybody can respect

every difference.

Next, by saying, “If we stop defining each other by what we are not and

start defining ourselves by who we are we can all be free-er.” (9.2), she also wanted

to show that if people stop defining each other, they would be free-er and escape

from the barrier that limits them. This kind of activity is an example of partialness

because she has negotiated an alternative way to fix the problem of gender

inequality. Therefore, the data above can be categorized as partialness since it is

suitable with the fifth principle talking about the construction of identity is an

outcome of interactional negotiation.

Datum 10

The data below appeared when she talked about the consequences that they

will face in the future if no one is willing to take action about the phenomenon. She

described how many women in the world would suffer because of not having the

same rights in society. These rights may be implied in having a job, payments, and

even education.

“Because, the reality is that if we do nothing it will take seventy-five years or for
me to be nearly one-hundred before women can expect to be paid the same as men. For
the same work.”(10.1) “Fifteen-point-five million girls will be married in the next sixteen
years as children.”(10.2) “And at current rates, it won’t be until 2086 before all rural
African girls have a secondary education.”(10.3)
 40

In the data above, the researcher finds that every element in the context

above is related to the theory. This data shows woman social identity because,

according to the theory of identity investigation, there is a part of her speech that

describes woman social identity representation.

From the data above, she continued the statements about what positive

impacts each gender may get by the change. She also talked about the consequences

that a woman may get if this change is not running. By saying, “Because, the reality

is that if we do nothing it will take seventy-five years or for me to be nearly one-

hundred before women can expect to be paid the same as men. For the same work.”

(10.1), she wanted to show that women still cannot be paid the same as men for the

same work if they did not act for a change.

In the next session, she also added, “Fifteen-point-five million girls will be

married in the next sixteen years as children.” (10.2), describing that more than

fifteen million girls would be married as children without getting the rights to have

their own choice about their lives. She also said that African girls would be difficult

to get secondary education by saying, “And at current rates, it won’t be until 2086

before all rural African girls have a secondary education.” (10.3).

The data she stated above is the fact of different treatments that women get

in society. Women usually did not get the same rights as men in many aspects, such

as work payment, marriage, and education. Therefore, this data can be categorized

as relationality since this principle talks about the different construction of identity
 41

through social interaction. Those identity constructions about man and woman

above clearly obtained from the social interaction of the society.

Datum 11
The data below appeared when Emma Watson delivered her second speech

about gender equality at the World Economic Forum 2015. Here, she firstly

introduced a program called HeForSHe IMPACT 10x10x10. Then, she began to

ask several questions related to woman issues.

“Girls, who have been your mentors? (11.1) Parents, did you make sure you
treated your children equally?”(11.2) If so, how have you done it? “Husbands, have you
been supporting your female partner privately so that she can fulfil her dreams too?”(11.3)
Young men, have you spoken up in a conversation when a woman was casually degraded
or dismissed? How did this affect to you? How did this affect woman you stepped up for?
Bussinessmen, have you mentored, supported, or engaged women in leadership has?
“Writers, have you challenged the language and imagery used to portray women in the
media?”(11.4) “CEOs, have you implemented women's empowerment principles in your
own company?”(11.5) What change have you seen?”

On the whole questions she delivered, they are all related to the everyday

woman problems. She wanted to allude about woman issues that are existed and

made the audiences also to think about it. By saying, “Parents, did you make sure

you treated your children equally?” (11.1), she wanted to ensure that parents have

treated their children equally. It shows how usually parents treat their daughter

different from son because many parents in society valued a daughter less than a

son. Moreover, by saying, "Husbands, have you been supporting your female

partner privately so that she can fulfil her dreams too?” (11.2), she wanted to know

that husbands have been supported their female partner's dreams instead of
 42

restrained them. It shows how husbands often treat their female partner unfairly or

less because women are often seen as weak creatures. By the words, "Writers, have

you challenged the language and imagery used to portray women in the media?”

(11.3), she also wanted to ask the writers about their language and imagery in

portraying women in the media. It shows that women are often to be portrayed

negatively in the media. In the end, she also said, “CEOs, have you implemented

women's empowerment principles in your own company?” (11.4) to ensure that

CEOs had implemented women's empowerment principles in their company. This

statement represents how many companies still have not implemented women’s

empowerment principles.

From her questions, we may understand the implicit messages she wanted

to share with us about women's problems in society. As long as she knew, women

are mistreated in many aspects. Many men consciously or unconsciously did not

treat women well. It clearly shows how society has been usual to treat women

differently. This data can be classified into the fifth principle, namely partialness.

This is suitable with the fifth principle since partialness defines that any given

construction of identity may be deliberate and intentional, in part an outcome of

interactional negotiation and contestation, in part of others' perception and

representations. Those words above clearly represented how society treated women

and how the representation of women is made in society until people used to follow

it unconsciously.

In the section above, she also used some nouns to be pointed out in her

questions. The word "girls" in (11.5) that can be found in the first question is
 43

intended to show how girls are usually treated unfairly by their partner because

people mostly tend to have boys than girls. Then, the word "female partner" as

found in (11.2) is used to refer to a wife that is often being underestimated by her

husband. Husbands usually treated their wives as they want and tend to forbid them

to go working or doing something they like. Lastly, the word "women's

empowerment principles" in (11.4) is also used to concern how many companies

still do not care about their woman employees’ empowerment. Those words are

used to define women that have not had their rights and represent how women are

usually treated or seen in society. Thus, this data is categorized as indexicality since

the words she mentioned above represent women social identity.

Datum 12

The data below appeared when she was telling the responses from her

speech listener before. They delivered how her speech changes her life better, and

they wanted these experiences to continue until any woman in the world's future

may feel equality.

“I’ve had my breath taken away when a fan told me that since watching my speech,
she has stopped herself being beaten up by her father”(12.1) I’ve been stunned by the
amount of men in my life that have contacted me since my speech to tell me to keep going
and that they want to make sure their daughters will still be alive to see a world where
women have parity economically and politically”(12.2)

In the data above, the words, “when a fan told me that since watching my

speech, she has stopped herself being beaten up by her father” (12.1), shows her

concern when a fan told her that she has not let herself being abused by her father
 44

since listening to her speech. It seemed like she has had the power to ignore herself

being treated unequally. By this statement, it shows how most girls are often treated

by their parents. Some may underestimate their daughters and do not treat them

equally as their sons. This phenomenon has happened for many times because the

idea has been approved and done by society without realizing it. They learn it

through interaction and follow what society does as a natural consequence of social

interaction.

In the second statement, she said, “that they want to make sure their

daughters will still be alive to see a world where women have parity economically

and politically” (12.2), to tell that one man has realized the mistake of a woman

social identity that has built up in society and is willing to see a change. He told the

speaker to keep spreading a good idea and wanted to see women equality in the

future. It shows how women are often treated unfairly economically, and politically

and someone has noticed that phenomena. Therefore, those data can be categorized

as relationality since it represented how woman social identity is built up as a result

of an interaction. By the data above, we can see how many people treated women

unequally due to what they see and learn in society.

Datum 13

The data below appeared when Emma Watson delivered her third speech

related to gender equality at the UN on 20 Sept 2016. Here, she talked about unequal

experiences women faced in the university.

 45

“But what if our experience of university shows us that women don’t belong in
leadership”(13.1) What if it shows us that yes, “women can study but they shouldn’t lead
a seminar”(13.2) What if our still in many places around the world, it tells us that women
don’t belong there at all. What if as is the case in far too many universities, we are given
the message that sexual violence isn’t actually a form of violence.”

This data shows woman social identity because there are some parts in her

speech that describes the representation of woman social identity. In the data above,

the speaker delivered the statements about how the university environment also has

created gender inequality for women. Many have seen that women do not belong

in leadership matters that can be seen from her statement, “But what if our

experience of university shows us that women don’t belong in leadership” (13.1).

The idea of women's inability to leadership has been spread out even in the

university. The society has a perception that only man can be a leader. To emphasize

the perception on women’s inability to be a leader, it can also be seen in her words

saying that “women can study but they shouldn’t lead a seminar” (13.2). It clearly

shows how a woman's ability is being underestimated by society. This data is

suitable with partialness since it clearly represents the perception of a woman in

university. The perception of woman's inability in leadership and another university

activity has shown how woman social identity is there.

Datum 14

The data below appeared when the speaker delivered her idea about the

importance of equal respect to woman. She said that the university also needed to

support this idea and encouraged their students to do so.

 46

"We need to see equal respect, leadership, and pay" (14.1) “The university
experience must tell women that their brainpower is valued and not just that but that they
belong within the leadership of the university itself.”(14.2) And so importantly right now,
the experience must make it clear that the safety of women minorities and anyone who may
be vulnerable is a right and not a privilege.”

The data above shows woman social identity because it represents how

woman social identity is built up in the university. By saying, "We need to see equal

respect, leadership, and pay" (14.1), she wanted to show that women do not

experience these kinds of things in life. In words, “The university experience must

tell women that their brainpower is valued and not just that but that they belong

within the leadership of the university itself.” (14.2), she intended to encourage the

university to tell that everyone, both men and women, can be respected by their

brain power despite seeing their gender. By this, it shows that woman and man have

different perception in society. The perception of a woman's inability has been

approved in any society, and she wanted to stop this. The data above can then be

categorized as relationality since the data is suitable with the fourth principle

stating that identity comes up as a result of an interaction. It clearly shows how

woman social identity is created in university interaction.

 47

Summary of the Findings

No. Emergence Positionality Indexicality Relationality Partialness

1. whose “I was “I started the more I have
expressions appointed as questioning realized that
are seen as Goodwill gender-based fighting
too Ambassador assumptions a long for women’s
strong. Too for UN women time ago. When I rights
aggressive, was eight, I was
isolating and confused of being
anti-men. called “bossy”.
Unattractive
even.
2. six months ago. Because, I wanted has too often
And the more to direct the plays become
I’ve that we would put synonymous
spoken about on for our parents. with man-
feminism But the boys were hating.”
not. When at
fourteen, I started
to be sexualized by
certain elements of
the media. When
at fifteen, my
girlfriends started
dropping out of
their beloved sports
teams because they
didn’t want to
appear “muscle-y”.

3. the more I have “I think it is right “I think it is

realized that that I am paid the right that I
fighting same as my male should be
for women’s counterparts” able to make
rights decisions about
my own
body.”
 48

No. Emergence Positionality Indexicality Relationality Partialness

4. "For the “I think it is right “I think it is
record, that socially I am right that
feminism, by afforded the same women be
definition, is respect as men.” involved on my
the belief that behalf in the
men and policies
women should and the
have equal decisions that
rights and will affect my
opportunities. life.”
It is the theory
of
political,
economic, and
social
equality of the
sexes."

5. When at “Because, the “But I am one of

eighteen, my reality is that if we the lucky ones.
male friends do My
were unable to nothing it will take life is a sheer
express their seventy-five years privilege
feelings. or for me to be because my
I decided that I nearly one-hundred parents didn’t
was a feminist. before women can love me less
And expect to be paid because I
this seen the same as men. was born a
uncomplicated For the same daughter.
to me." work.”

6. “But my recent “Fifteen-point-five My school did

research has million girls will not limit me
shown be married in the because I
me that next sixteen years was a girl.
feminism has as
become an children.”
unpopular
word. Women
are choosing
not to identify
as feminist.
Apparently,
I am among the
ranks of
women.
 49

No. Emergence Positionality Indexicality Relationality Partialness

7. “But I am one “And at current My mentors
of the lucky rates, it won’t be didn’t assume
ones. My until 2086 before that I would go
life is a sheer all rural African less far because
privilege girls have a I might give
because my secondary birth to a child
parents didn’t education.” one day. These
love me less influences with
because I the gender
was born a equality
daughter. ambassadors,
that made me
who I am
today. They may
not know it, but
they
are the
inadvertent
feminists who
are changing
the world
today.”

8. My school did “when a fan told “If men don’t

not limit me me that since have to be
because I was a watching my aggressive in
girl. speech, she has order to be
stopped accepted,
herself being women won’t
beaten up by her feel compelled
father” to be
submissive. If
men don’t have
to control,
women
won’t have to be
controlled. Both
men
and women
should feel free
to be
sensitive. Both
men and women
should feel free
to be strong.”
 50

No. Emergence Positionality Indexicality Relationality Partialness

9. My mentors “that they want to “If we stop
didn’t assume make sure their defining each
that I would go daughters will still other by
less far because I be alive to see a what we are not
might give world where and start
birth to a child women have parity defining
one day. These economically and ourselves by
influences with politically” who we are we
the gender can all be
equality free-er.
ambassadors,
that made me
who I am
today. They may
not know it, but
they are the
inadvertent
feminists who
are
changing the
world today.”

10. "Because not all "We need to see “Parents, did

women have equal respect, you make sure
received leadership, and you
the same rights pay" treated your
that I have. In children
fact, equally?”
statistically, very
few have been.

11. In 1997, Hillary “The university “Husbands,

Clinton made a experience must have you been
famous speech in tell supporting
Beijing about women that their your female
women's rights. brainpower is partner
Sadly, many of valued and not just privately so that
the that but that they she can fulfill
things that she belong within the her dreams
wanted to leadership of the too?”
change are university itself.”
still true today."
 51

No. Emergence Positionality Indexicality Relationality Partialness

12. "But what stood “Writers, have
out for me the you challenged
most, was that the language and
less than thirty imagery used to
percent of the portray women in
audience was the media?”
male. How can
we affect change
in the world
when only half of
it is invited?
Alternatively,
feel
welcomed to
participate in a
conversation?
Men, I would like
to take this
opportunity to
extend your
formal invitation.
Gender equality
is your issue
too."

13. “Husbands, have “CEOs, have you

you been implemented
supporting women's
your female empowerment
partner privately principles in
so that she can your own
fulfill her dreams company?”
too?”

14. “CEOs, have you “But what if our

implemented experience of
women's university shows
empowerment us that women
principles in don’t
your own belong in
company?” leadership.”

15. “Girls, who have “But what if our

been your experience of
mentors? university shows
us that women
don’t
belong in
leadership”
 52

3.2. Discussion

In this section, the researcher explains the findings in order to provide a

more structured and comprehensive explanation.

From the analysis of each finding above, Emma Watson said that women

that are being feminists had been known to have expressions that are seen as too

strong, too aggressive, isolating, anti-men, and even unattractive. This statement

showed how society has a perception of a woman. Women are expected to be the

person that has the vice versa of that criteria. If women become feminists, which

have bolder character because they fight for equality, they will be seen as what

Emma had stated in her speech. It is matched the theory of (Bucholtz, 2005) noted

that emergence is investigating identity when someone’s language or behavior does

not match his social category.

Based on the findings, the data related to positionality does not appear in

the speech. It is because positionality does not match the data. Substantively,

positionality is about what and how people do in interaction. It builds the idea about

what and how people do in interaction can be the aspect of identity investigation.

The investigation may go by noticing to linguistic features that usually appear in

conversation as the marker of group identity. This theory cannot relate since the

data is from the speech, and speech does not involve face to face interaction.

In many times, Emma Watson also mentioned labels related to women

social identity especially women who fight for their equality. This is related since

her purpose is to show woman social identity, then she tends to use more labels
 53

related to woman. It showed that the speaker intentionally used more labels related

to woman because she wanted to focus her discussion on woman social identity

representation in her speech. For example, she discussed about woman who fights

for women's rights in order to get equal respect, equal education or even equal

payment in her job. It showed that women nowadays still have to struggle to get

what they deserved in some aspects of life. Therefore, the findings have matched

the theory proposed that identity construction may be seen when someone brings

identity categories, labels, and presuppositions regarding identity position.

Emma Watson also represented woman social identity by delivering her

experiences related to more about different treatment she or other woman (in-group)

got from the society than man (out-group). For example, women will be called

bossy when they want to lead when the men will not. It showed how society views

that woman cannot be a leader or cannot lead something because that is the job of

man. She also stated some inequality faced by women such as getting fewer

payments than male counterparts, less respect in society, being forced to be married

in a child age, and not having secondary education and abuse from father because

daughter is seen as weak child. Furthermore, it is related to the idea that identity is

a result of interaction including its sameness or difference between in-group and

out-group.

Besides, Emma Watson also delivered some perceptions and

representations from others showing woman social identity. For example, when she

stated that women should be able to decide about her own body. It represents that

women cannot have the right to make a decision even for their own bodies. It seems
 54

like society has the perception that women cannot make a decision, so a man would

have to do it. It is even stronger by her statement saying that women should be

involved in the policies and decisions that will affect their life. It showed that

women still cannot be included in making a decision about their own life. Every

aspects related to woman life such as education, appearance, attitude, occupation

and many others must be decided by others. Woman have to be obedient to what

others have agreed to be in her life. It is related to the theory stated that identity

construction comes from other perceptions and representations.

Based on the findings above, I supposed that there are two kinds of data that

are most likely to appear. They are the data related to indexicality and partialness.

First, the findings show that the data of indexicality appears 15 times. This

phenomenon is related since the speech indeed talked about woman social identity

then the speaker tends to use more labels related to the woman in order to make the

speech straight to the point. This speech represents concern about woman social

identity, especially in its inequality that has been widespread. Our society has seen

that women are different from men in some aspects, but it caused some negative

views on women. Women are seen that their skill, brain, ability, and value are lower

than men. Therefore, the speaker intended to change this woman social identity and

brought out the equality to any woman in the world by delivering the speeches

related to this topic. She represents woman social identity as her most significant

concern and promotes her campaign called HeForShe to end gender inequality. In

her speech, it can be seen how Emma Watson shares her views and experiences
 55

related to woman social identity to make people advocate in helping solve the

problem.

Second, the findings also show that the data of partialness appears 15 times.

This phenomenon is related since the speech indeed talks about woman social

identity representation based on society’s perceptions. The data has shown that

some perceptions of woman social identity have been delivered in her speech. For

example, she said that women should have the right to choose whatever they like to

wear or want their appearance to be. From her statement, we may understand that

women usually did not have the right to make a decision about many things.

Whenever women disobey this perception, she will be judged or valued less as a

woman. These findings show how woman social identity is represented in Emma

Watson speech.

In addition, the finding above is related to what (Susilowati, 2014) has

explained in her paper. She has a different example of implementing the theory of

identity investigation. For instance, she used the approach to represent the identity

of whitey as an identity category of a racial group. This word may refer to people

who have white skin so that they are called whitey. While this research uses the

theory to represent woman social identity as it is related to gender. This proved that

the theory is comprehensive to be used in identity investigation. Moreover, if the

data related to the identity in linguistic interaction.

 56

However, this research talked about how Emma Watson portrays the woman

social identity according to her research and experiences. The research analyzed her

speech and found that woman social identity is represented as often to be

underestimated by society. Unfortunately, women are seen as lower than men in

many aspects and so they are treated worse than men. Then, the speaker delivered

her idea about gender equality to make everyone feel justice. The findings show

how women in the world experience inequality in many aspects of life because of

the perception that has been approved by people in the world. The finding has

shown that the speaker has given her best effort as a woman that cares about this

issue.

By those findings, the researcher found how Emma Watson represents

woman social identity in her speech. It is based on her view, research, and

experiences as a woman in society. They also have slightly described how the

identity of Emma Watson and even where and how she got that. The researcher sees

that she got it from her society, such as her home, school, and university. This is

related to the theory of (Bucholtz, 2005) proposed that identity may be investigated

by pointing out the details of linguistic features, and the influence of culture,

society, and other aspects that may create identity. Here, community has the most

significant rules in shaping the identity of something since every interaction

happens there.
 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter includes the concluding remark and suggestion of the research.

The researcher provides the conclusion of the research to summarize the whole

analysis. This chapter also covers suggestions for future researchers in identity

investigation.

4.1. Conclusion

This research examined woman social identity represented in Emma Watson

speeches on gender equality topic. This study revealed the representation of woman

social identity by investigating the content of the speech. The speech contained

many views and experiences women usually got. Many women still have to fight

for women's rights in order to get equal respect, equal education or even equal

payment in her job. Women still have to struggle to get what she deserved in some

aspects of life. Many women also still cannot be involved in making decision about

their own life. Every aspects related to her life, including education, appearance,

attitude, occupation and many others must be decided by others.

Based on identity investigation theory, I supposed that there are two kinds

of data that are most likely to appear. They are the data related to indexicality and

partialness. First, the data of indexicality appears 15 times. Emma Watson has

several times applied this principle to show her identity position as a woman who

fights for women’s rights. Second, the data of partialness appears 15 times. The

data has shown that some perceptions of woman social identity have been delivered

57
 58

in her speech based on her research and experiences. The research also showed how

women in the world experience inequality in many aspects of life because of the

perceptions on women that has been approved by people in the world.

4.2. Suggestion

Meanwhile, it is highly recommended for any future researchers interested

in investigating woman social identity to find another subject to be analyzed. It may

enrich the investigation if the next researchers use a more factual source of data like

a conversation in a group of women. It may show a richer data on how the

representation of woman social identity is by observing the group’s interaction. The

next researcher may also find another theory that may be more suitable for them to

investigate woman social identity. In the end, I am sure that this research still lacks

in many aspects, but I hope that this research may help those who are interested in

woman social identity investigation.

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Pearson Education.

Batterson, C. (2015). “Feminism” and Feminism: A Rethorical Criticism of

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Bucholtz, M. (2005). Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic

approach. Discourse Studies, 7(4–5), 585–614.
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Burke, P. J., & Stets, J. E. (2009). Identity Theory. England. Oxford University
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 CURRICULUM VITAE

Luvitha Nur Aziah was born in Bekasi on July 8th, 1995.

She graduated from Boarding School Gontor for Girls 3 in
2015. She started her higher education in 2015 at
Department of English Literature of UIN Maulana Malik
Ibrahim Malang and finished in 2019. During her study at
the university, she once took part in Bilingual Ambassador
of Fatimah Az-Zahra Dormitory. She also joined DEMA
and became a committee of some events and seminars held
at the faculty. Besides activities inside university, she also
joined some social communities outside campus and
performed some part-time jobs, especially in teaching and translating.
APPENDIX
Code
Speech,
of Datum Category
Time
Datum
Speech 1, “I was appointed as Goodwill
1.1 Indexicality
1:47 Ambassador for UN women
Speech 1, six months ago. And the more I’ve
1.2 Indexicality
1:53 spoken about feminism
Speech 1, the more I have realized that fighting Indexicality,
1.3 for women’s rights
1:57 Partialness

Speech 1, has too often become synonymous

1.4 Partialness
2:01 with man-hating.”
"For the record, feminism, by
definition, is the belief that men and
Speech 1, women should have equal rights and
2.1 Indexicality
2:15 opportunities. It is the theory of
political, economic, and social
equality of the sexes."
“I started questioning gender-based
Speech 1, assumptions a long time ago. When I
3.1 Relationality
2:36 was eight, I was confused of being
called “bossy”.
Because, I wanted to direct the plays
that we would put on for our parents.
But the boys were not. When at
fourteen, I started to be sexualized by
Speech 1,
3.2 certain elements of the media. When Relationality
2:45
at fifteen, my girlfriends started
dropping out of their beloved sports
teams because they didn’t want to
appear “muscle-y”.
When at eighteen, my male friends
Speech 1, were unable to express their feelings.
3.3 Indexicality
3:07 I decided that I was a feminist. And
this seen uncomplicated to me."
 “But my recent research has shown
me that feminism has become an
Speech 1,
4.1 unpopular word. Women are choosing Indexicality
3:22
not to identify as feminist. Apparently,
I am among the ranks of women.
whose expressions are seen as too
Speech 1,
4.2 strong. Too aggressive, isolating and Emergence
3:45
anti-men. Unattractive even.
Speech 1, “I think it is right that I am paid the
5.1 Relationality
4:09 same as my male counterparts”
“I think it is right that I should be
Speech 1,
5.2 able to make decisions about my own Partialness
4:14
body.”
“I think it is right that women be
Speech 1, involved on my behalf in the policies
5.3 Partialness
4:32 and the decisions that will affect my
life.”
Speech 1, “I think it is right that socially I am
5.4 Relationality
4:42 afforded the same respect as men.”
“But I am one of the lucky ones. My
Speech 1, life is a sheer privilege because my Indexicality,
6.1
5:14 parents didn’t love me less because I Partialness
was born a daughter.
Speech 1, My school did not limit me because I Indexicality,
6.2
5:27 was a girl. Partialness
My mentors didn’t assume that I
would go less far because I might give
birth to a child one day. These
Speech 1, influences with the gender equality Indexicality,
6.3
5:33 ambassadors, that made me who I am Partialness
today. They may not know it, but they
are the inadvertent feminists who are
changing the world today.”
"Because not all women have received
Speech 1,
7.1 the same rights that I have. In fact, Indexicality
6:09
statistically, very few have been.
 In 1997, Hillary Clinton made a
famous speech in Beijing about
Speech 1,
7.2 women's rights. Sadly, many of the Indexicality
6:23
things that she wanted to change are
still true today."
"But what stood out for me the most,
was that less than thirty percent of the
audience was male. How can we
affect change in the world when only
Speech 1, half of it is invited? Alternatively, feel
8.1 Indexicality
6:44 welcomed to participate in a
conversation? Men, I would like to
take this opportunity to extend your
formal invitation. Gender equality is
your issue too."
“If men don’t have to be aggressive in
order to be accepted, women won’t
feel compelled to be submissive. If
Speech 1, men don’t have to control, women
9.1 Partialness
8:38 won’t have to be controlled. Both men
and women should feel free to be
sensitive. Both men and women
should feel free to be strong.”
“If we stop defining each other by
Speech 1, what we are not and start defining
9.2 Partialness
9:16 ourselves by who we are we can all be
free-er.
“Because, the reality is that if we do
nothing it will take seventy-five years
Speech 1,
10.1 or for me to be nearly one-hundred Relationality
11:08
before women can expect to be paid
the same as men. For the same work.”
“Fifteen-point-five million girls will
Speech 1,
10.2 be married in the next sixteen years as Relationality
11:29
children.”
“And at current rates, it won’t be
Speech 1,
10.3 until 2086 before all rural African Relationality
11:37
girls have a secondary education.”
 Speech 2, “Parents, did you make sure you
11.1 Partialness
1:44 treated your children equally?”
“Husbands, have you been supporting Partialness,
Speech 2,
11.2 your female partner privately so that
1:51 Indexicality
she can fulfill her dreams too?”
“Writers, have you challenged the
Speech 2,
11.3 language and imagery used to portray Partialness
2:15
women in the media?”
“CEOs, have you implemented
Speech 2, Partialness,
11.4 women's empowerment principles in
2:20 Indexicality
your own company?”
Speech 2, “Girls, who have been your mentors?
11.5 Indexicality
1:39
“when a fan told me that since
Speech 2,
12.1 watching my speech, she has stopped Relationality
3:38
herself being beaten up by her father”
“that they want to make sure their
Speech 2, daughters will still be alive to see a
12.2 Relationality
3:51 world where women have parity
economically and politically”
“But what if our experience of
Speech 3,
13.1 university shows us that women don’t Partialness
0:59
belong in leadership.”
“But what if our experience of
Speech 3,
13.2 university shows us that women don’t Partialness
1:07
belong in leadership”
Speech 3, "We need to see equal respect,
14.1 Relationality
1:54 leadership, and pay"
“The university experience must tell
women that their brainpower is
Speech 3,
14.2 valued and not just that but that they Relationality
2:01
belong within the leadership of the
university itself.”