Pablo Neruda'S Love To Matilde in His Selected Sonnets

PABLO NERUDA’S LOVE TO MATILDE IN HIS SELECTED SONNETS
THESIS
By:
Riza Umami
14320009
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM
MALANG
2018
PABLO NERUDA’S LOVE TO MATILDE IN HIS SELECTED SONNETS
THESIS
Presented to
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
Riza Umami
NIM 14320009
Advisor:
Dr. Siti Masitoh, M.Hum.
NIP 196810202003122001
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
2018
i
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that Riza Umami’s thesis entitled Pablo Neruda’s Love to Matilde in
His Selected Sonnets has been approved by thesis advisor for further approval by the
Board of Examiners.
Malang, November 30, 2018
Approved by Acknowledged by
The Advisor, The Head of English
Letters Department,
Dr. Siti Masitoh, M.Hum. Rina Sari, M.Pd.

NIP. 196810202003122001 NIP. 197506102006042002
The Dean of
Faculty of Humanities,
Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A.

NIP. 196609101991032002
ii
LEGITIMATION SHEET
This is to certify that thesis of Riza Umami, entitled Pablo Neruda’s Love to
Matilde in His Selected Sonnets has been approved by the Board of Examiners as the
requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) in English Letters Department.
The Board of examiners Signatures
1. Drs. Andarwati, M.A. (Main Examiner) ___________

NIP. 196508051999032002
2. Muhammad Edy Thoyib, M.A. (Chairperson) ___________

NIP. 198410282015031007
3. Dr. Siti Masitoh,M.Hum (Advisor) ___________

NIP. 196810202003122001
Approved by
The Dean of Faculty of Humanities
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A.

NIP. 196609101991032002
iii
STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY
The undersigned,
Name : Riza Umami
ID Number : 14320009
Faculty : Humanities
Department : English Letters
Certify that the thesis I wrote entitled Pablo Neruda’s Love to Matilde in His
Selected Sonnets to fulfill the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) in
English Letters Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana
Malik Ibrahim Malang, is truly my original work. It does not contain any material
previously written or published by other person, except that indicated theory, quotation
and bibliography. Due to this fact, I am the only person responsible for the thesis if any
objection or claim for others.
Riza Umami
NIM 14320009
iv
MOTTO
If nothing saves us from death,
may love at least save us from unhappy life.
(Pablo Neruda)
v
DEDICATION
This Thesis is dedicated to:
My father and mother
Thank you for always loving me
I love you with all of my heart
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researcher expresses her gratitude to Allah SWT. For Her Blessing and Mercy
she can accomplish her thesis entitled Pablo Neruda’s Love to Matilde in His Selected
Sonnets as the requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra.
On this occasion, the researcher would like to thank to her family, especially her
beloved parents father and mother who always love her and have given all their support in
the finance, facility, prayer and love in studying at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana
Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Thus, the researcher wants to express her deepest gratitude to her advisor, Dr. Siti
Masitoh, M.Hum who has guided her to finish this research, without her this research
probably could not be written perfectly. The researcher also extends big respetcs and
grateful to all lecturers at English Letters Department, and all of lecturers in Humanities
Faculty, who have taught her so many great lessons.
The researcher also presents great honor to some lovely people who have given some
helps when doing this research: Muhammad Rizal, Ririn Wulandari, Dewi ayu Kartika,
Milfa Zakiya and also to her all other friends in English Letters Department, in her
organizations and others, who cannot mention one by one. Thank you so much for
everything.

The Researcher,
Riza Umami
vii
ABSTRACT
Umami, Riza. 2018. Pablo Neruda’s Love to Matilde in His Selected Sonnets. Thesis.
English Letters Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri
Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Advisor : Dr. Siti Masitoh, M.Hum.
Key Words : Love, Triangular theory of love
This study aims to find out Pablo Neruda’s love and to explain the way how
Pablo Neruda expresses his love to Matilde. The poems are Sonnet I, Sonnet II, Sonnet
IX: There where the waves shatter, Sonnet XVI, Sonnet XVII, Sonnet XXV, Sonnet LXVI: I
Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You, Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside
my dream, and Sonnet XCV: Who ever desired each other as we do. All those poems are
from 100 Love Sonnet – Pablo Neruda. This thesis is interesting to be analyzed because
the sonnets are very special. The researcher chooses those poems because they have same
topic and talk about Neruda’s love to Matilde. This research is important to be done by
the researcher because this research shows that love which is portrayed in poem can be
analysed with triangular theory of love to see what elements of love in the poem and what
kind of love in the poem. Triangular theory of love is not yet used much in literary
criticism and mostly in psychology research but this research tries to apply the theory in
literary work especially poem.
This research is categorized as literary criticism since the researcher conducts the
analysis on literary work, including description, analysis, and interpretation. This research
analyzes the selected sonnets of Pablo Neruda through psychological approach with
triangular theory of love by Sternberg. The researcher uses psychological textual
approach to analyze psychology of the character or speaker in the poems and the analysis
focuses on love.
The result of the study shows that Pablo’s love to Matilde is consummate love
because the love has all components of love namely intimacy, passion and decision or
commitment. The researcher can find all of the elements of love such as intimacy, passion
and decision or commitment in the selected poems. In expressing his love to Matilde,
Pablo uses beautiful words and makes 100 sonnets for her. His way is by writing poems
beautifully using figurative language like metaphor, personification, simile, hyperbole
and imagery (visual and kinaesthetic imagery). The researcher can find all of them in the
selected sonnets.
viii
ABSTRAK
Umami, Riza. 2018. Cinta Pablo Neruda kepada Matilde dalam Beberapa Soneta Pilihan
Milik Pablo. Skripsi. Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Humaniora, Universitas
Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Pembimbing : Dr. Siti Masitoh, M.Hum.
Kata Kunci : Cinta, Teori segitiga cinta
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cinta Pablo Neruda dan menjelaskan
bagaimana Pablo Neruda mengekspresikan cintanya kepada Matilde. Puisi-puisi yang
digunakan adalah Soneta I, Soneta II, Soneta IX: Di sana ombak pecah, Soneta XVI,
Soneta XVII, Soneta XXV, Soneta LXVI: Aku Tidak Mencintaimu Kecuali Karena Aku
Mencintaimu, Soneta LXXXI: Beristirahatlah dengan mimpimu di dalam mimpiku, dan
Soneta XCV: Siapa yang saling menginginkan seperti kita. Semua puisi tersebut berasal
dari 100 Soneta Cinta - Pablo Neruda. Skripsi ini menarik untuk dianalisis karena soneta
tersebut sangat spesial. Peneliti memilih puisi-puisi tersebut karena memiliki topik yang
sama dan berbicara tentang cinta Neruda kepada Matilde. Penelitian ini penting untuk
dilakukan oleh peneliti karena penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cinta yang digambarkan
dalam puisi dapat dianalisis dengan teori cinta segitiga untuk melihat apakah unsur cinta
yang terkandung dalam puisi dan apakah jenis cinta dalam puisi tersebut. Teori cinta
segitiga belum banyak digunakan dalam kritik sastra dan sebagian besar digunakan dalam
penelitian psikologi tetapi penelitian ini mencoba menerapkan teori tersebut dalam karya
sastra terutama puisi.
Penelitian ini dikategorikan sebagai kritik sastra karena peneliti melakukan
analisis pada karya sastra, termasuk deskripsi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Penelitian ini
menganalisis soneta pilihan Pablo Neruda melalui pendekatan psikologi dengan teori
segitiga cinta oleh Sternberg. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan teks psikologi untuk
menganalisis psikologi karakter atau pembicara dalam puisi dan analisis berfokus pada
cinta.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cinta Pablo pada Matilde adalah cinta yang
sempurna karena cinta tersebut memiliki semua komponen cinta, yaitu keintiman, hasrat,
dan keputusan atau komitmen. Peneliti dapat menemukan semua elemen cinta seperti
keintiman, hasrat dan keputusan atau komitmen dalam puisi yang dipilih. Dalam
mengekspresikan cintanya kepada Matilde, Pablo menggunakan kata-kata indah dan
membuat 100 soneta untuknya. Caranya adalah dengan menulis puisi dengan indah
menggunakan bahasa kiasan seperti metafora, personifikasi, simile, hiperbola dan citraan
(citraan penglihatan dan kinestetik). Peneliti dapat menemukan semuanya dalam soneta
yang telah dipilih.
ix
‫مستخلص البحث‬
‫امامي ‪,‬ريزا‪ .2018 ,‬الحب بابلو نيرودا لماتيلدي في ستابلز متعددة اإلختيارات في بابلو ‪ .‬البحث العلمي‪ .‬قسم األدب‬
‫اإلنجليزي‪ .‬كليةالعلوم االنسان‪ .‬جامعة الدولة اإلسالمية موالنا مالك إبراهيم ماالنج‪.‬‬
‫المرشد ‪ :‬ال ّدكتورة سيتي ماسطةالما جستير‬
‫الكلمة األساسية‪ :‬الحب ‪ ،‬نظرية ثالثية من الحب‬
‫تهدف هذه الدراسة لمعرفة الحب بابلو نيرودا وشرح كيف أعرب با بلو نيرودا عن حبه لماتيلد‪ .‬القصائد المستخدمة‬
‫هي صنتا ‪ ,1‬صنتا ‪ ,2‬صنتا ‪ ,9‬صنتا ‪ ,16‬صنتا ‪ ,17‬صنتا ‪ ,25‬صنتا ‪ ,66‬صنتا ‪ ,81‬صنتا ‪ .95‬كل هذه‬
‫القصاءدمن‪ 100‬الحب صنتا ‪ -‬بابلو نيرودا‪ .‬هذه الرسالة مثيرة لالهتمام للتحليل ألن السوناتة خاصة جدا‪ .‬اختار‬
‫الباحث القصائد ألنهم تناولوا نفس الموضوع وتحدثوا عن حب نيرودا لماتيلد‪ .‬إن هذا البحث مهم ليقوم به الباحثون‬
‫ألن هذا البحث يبين أن الحب المصور في الشعر يمكن تحليله بنظرية مثلث الحب لمعرفة ما هي عناصر الحب‬
‫الموجودة في الشعر ونوع الحب في القصيدة‪ .‬لم تستخدم نظرية مثلث الحب على نطاق واسع في النقد األدبي وتستخدم‬
‫في الغالب في أبحاث علم النفس ‪ ،‬لكن هذا البحث يحاول تطبيق النظرية في الشعر ‪ ،‬وخاصة الشعر‪.‬‬
‫يصنف هذا البحث كنقد أدبي حيث يقوم الباحث بإجراء التحليل على العمل األدبي ‪ ،‬بما في ذلك الوصف والتحليل‬
‫والتفسير‪ .‬يحلل هذا البحث السوناتات المختارة من بابلو نيرودا من خالل النهج النفسي مع نظرية المثلث للحب من‬
‫قبل ستيرنبرغ‪ .‬يستخدم الباحث المنهج النصي النفسي لتحليل علم النفس للحرف أو المتكلم في القصائد والتحليل‬
‫‪.‬يركز على الحب‬
‫تظهر نتيجة الدراسة أن حب بابلو لماتيلد هو الحب الكبير ألن الحب يحتوي على جميع مكونات الحب وهي‬
‫الحميمية والعاطفة والقرار أو االلتزام‪ .‬يمكن للباحث العثور على كل عناصر الحب مثل العالقة الحميمة والعاطفة‬
‫لها‪ .‬والقرار أو االلتزام في القصائد المختارة‪ .‬في التعبير عن حبه لماتيل ‪ ،‬تستخدم بابلو كلمات جميلة وتصنع ‪100‬‬
‫طريقته هي كتابة ال قصائد الجميلة باستخدام لغة مجازية مثل االستعارة ‪ ،‬صنتا والتجسيد ‪ ،‬والتشبيه ‪ ،‬والغباء ‪،‬‬
‫والصور (الصور المرئية والمثالية)‪ .‬يمكن للباحث العثور عليها جميعًا في السوناتات المختارة‪.‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................... ii
LEGITIMATION SHEET ................................................................................... iii
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY.......................................................... iv
MOTTO............................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study................................................................................... 1
1.2 Problems of the Study....................................................................................... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................... 5
1.4 Scope and Limitation ....................................................................................... 5
1.5 Significances of the Study ................................................................................. 6
1.6 Research Method ............................................................................................. 7
1.6.1 Research Design ................................................................................... 7
1.6.2 Data Source .......................................................................................... 8
1.6.3 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 8
1.6.4 Data Analysis......................................................................................... 9
1.7 Definition of Key Terms ................................................................................. 10
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Triangular Theory of Love ............................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Components of Love......................................................................... 12
2.1.2 Kinds of Love .................................................................................. 13
2.2 Psychological Approach .................................................................................. 16
2.3 Previous Studies .............................................................................................. 18
CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS
3.1 Pablo’s Love to Matilde ................................................................................... 22
xi
3.1.1 Table of Poem 1: Sonnet I .................................................................... 22
3.1.2 Table of Poem 2: Sonnet II ................................................................... 24
3.1.3 Table of Poem 3: Sonnet IX ................................................................. 26
3.1.4 Table of Poem 4: Sonnet XVI ............................................................... 28
3.1.5 Table of Poem 5: Sonnet XVII ............................................................. 30
3.1.6 Table of Poem 6: Sonnet XXV ............................................................. 33
3.1.7 Table of Poem 7: Sonnet LXVI ............................................................ 35
3.1.8 Table of Poem 8: Sonnet LXXXI .......................................................... 36
3.1.9 Table of Poem 9: Sonnet XCV ............................................................. 38
3.1.10 Table of The Elements of Love in The Poems ...................................... 39
3.2 Pablo’s Way of Expressing His Love to Matilde ............................................... 40
3.2.1 Table of The Figurative Language in The Poems ................................... 55
CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION
4.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 57
4.2 Suggestion ...................................................................................................... 59
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................... 60
xii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about background of the study, problems of the
study, objectives of the study, scope and limitation, significance of the study,
research method, and definition of key term.
1.1 Background of the Study
Every person has experience of love in his life. The experience of love can
be happy, annoying, sad, or even terrible. However, it will be a memory. The
memory can be kept for him and also can be shared with other people through
telling directly or writing that memory by making short story, flash fiction, prose,
poem, drama, or just writing caption in social media. Making poem is often done
by people to express or tell their love like personal experience or story from other
people.
Many poets like Shakespeare, Kahlil Gibran, Robert Frost and Pablo
Neruda talk about love in their poems. The reason many poets write about love
perhaps because people in the world have love in their heart with different stories
of love. Kahlil Gibran is former poet who is famous for his love poems and
nowadays there are also poets in Indonesia such as Sapardi Djoko Damono and
Aan Mansyur who also write a lot about love in their poetry. There is a poet who
wrote 100 sonnets for his wife named Matilde (Neruda, 1986: 1). It is so romantic
1
2
especially for woman to be written 100 love poems like that. That poet is Pablo
Neruda.
The researcher intends to analyse deeply about Pablo Neruda's love sonnet
because his sonnet is very special. It is special because Neruda wrote 100 sonnets
just for his lovely wife, Matilde. He wrote 100 sonnets for his wife named Matilde
in 1959. The original title is cien sonetos de amor. It is written in Spanish and has
been translated into many languages around the world. It also had published
numerous times from 1959 until now (Neruda, 1986: 1).
When falling in love, the happiness of another person who is loved is
important to your own (Heinlein, 1961: 340). It is the same situation with Pablo
Neruda. Matilde’s happiness is important to Neruda’s own. He loved her so much
even he made 100 sonnets for her. The sonnets are mostly about love which refers
to Neruda’s love to his wife, Matilde. He wrote the sonnets with beautiful
language and deep meaning in order to hide the real meaning of the poems to
maximize the beauty of the language.
This research is important to be done by the researcher because this
research shows that love which is portrayed in poem can be analysed with
triangular theory of love to see what elements of love in the poem and what kind
of love in the poem. Triangular theory of love is not yet used much in literary
criticism and mostly in psychology research but this research tries to apply the
theory in literary work especially poem.

3
Pablo Neruda is Chilean poet. His real name is Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí
Reyes Basoalto. He was born in July 1904, in Parral, in central Chile (Neruda,
2011: 1). He is one of the greatest Spanish-language poets in twentieth century.
He received Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971 because of his beauty in his poems
and together with his passion for his love of life (Feinstein, 2004: 1-3).
The researcher selects nine sonnets of Pablo Neruda based on the
similarity of the theme in the poem which is about love to his wife, Matilde. The
poems are Sonnet I, Sonnet II, Sonnet IX: There where the waves shatter, Sonnet
XVI, Sonnet XVII, Sonnet XXV, Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not Love You Except Because I
Love You, Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside my dream, and Sonnet
XCV: Who ever desired each other as we do.
The studies below are representation of research about Pablo Neruda’s
poem and about psychological approach which have been done by other
researchers. The first, An Approach to Pablo Neruda’s Love Metaphors through
Cognitive Poetics by Maria de los Angeles Navarrete Lopez (2010), she analysed
the metaphor of his poems within the cognitive paradigm as approached by
Cognitive Poetics.
The second, The Analysis of Main Character’s Love in Shakespeare’s
Love’s Labour’s Lost by Moch Ichwanudin (2008), he analysed the kinds of
characters love in Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost drama using psychological
approach to know the psychological types of love in the drama and also using
theory of love included the factors and the influence of love to human being.
4
The third research is Study of The Main Character of Black Swan Movie
Script by Andres Heinz done by Wahyu Diah Sartika (2013). The researcher
discussed about psychological conflict of the main character of Black Swan movie
by Andres Heinz. She used Sigmund Freud’s psychological approach and theory
(anxiousness and hallucination) in her research.
The fourth research is Psychological Approach: Emotion Analysis of The
Main Character “Evan Taylor” in August Rush Movie by Using James-Lange
Theory by Yoused Bani Ahmad (2010). The research was aimed to find out the
character of Evan Taylor as the main character in the movie entitled August Rust
and to find out how his emotion will influence the story of the movie.
The fifth research is Psychological Analysis of Jay Gatsby’s Life in
Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”(Viewed from Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs Theory) by Ahmad Noufal Junaidi (2014). The research
focused on analyzing the psychological problems of Jay Gatsby which influenced
his life and the efforts of Gatsby to fulfill his psychological needs.
By reading five previous studies above, the researcher decides to conduct
research entitled Pablo Neruda’s Love to Matilde in His Selected Sonnets. The
researcher intends to analyse Pablo Neruda’s love to Matilde in his selected
poems from Pablo Neruda’s 100 sonnets (1986). The research uses triangular
theory of love by Robert Sternberg with psychological approach.

5
1.2. Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, the researcher intends to
answer the questions:
1. What kind of love does Pablo Neruda have to Matilde according to
Stenberg triangular theory of love?
2. What kind of figurative languages does Pablo Neruda use to express
his love in the sonnets?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problem of the study in this research, the objectives of
the study are:
1. to find out Pablo Neruda’s kind of love to Matilde according to
Stenberg triangular theory of love.
2. to find out kind of figurative languages which is used by Pablo
Neruda to express his love in the sonnets.
1.4 Scope and Limitation
The researcher determines the scope and limitation of the study in order to
make the explanation focused on the problem in this research. The scope of this
research is to analyse Pablo Neruda’s love to his wife in his selected poems using
triangular theory of love by Robert Sternberg with psychological approach. The
limitation of this research is using nine poems of Pablo Neruda’s 100 sonnets;
they are Sonnet I, Sonnet II, Sonnet IX: There where the waves shatter, Sonnet
6
XVI, Sonnet XVII, Sonnet XXV, Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not Love You Except Because I
Love You, Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside my dream, and Sonnet
XCV: Who ever desired each other as we do. The researcher chooses those poems
because they have same topic and talk about Neruda’s love to Matilde.
1.5 Significances of the Study
Related to the result of this study, the researcher expects that this research
can give both theoretical and practical contribution on literature. Theoretically, the
result of this research is expected to give profitable contribution for students who
are interested to learn more about the issue in theoretical insight. The result of this
research may also enrich the study of love in literary work especially in poetry.
This research hopefully can inspire students in analysing particular literary works
using triangular theory of love with psychological approach.
Practically, this research can be useful for the researcher in undergoing the
next process of analysing and criticizing literary works. Besides, the research can
provide information for further analysis which conducts similar research so that
this research can be used as references. In addition, the result of this study is
expected to enrich the reader’s knowledge about love as reflected in Pablo
Neruda’s selected poems.

7
1.6 Research Method
The research method contains of research design, data source, data
collection, and data analysis.
1.6.1 Research Design
Due to research question above, the researcher intends to observe
Pablo Neruda’s love to his wife in his selected poems. In this study, the
researcher uses literary criticism. Literary criticism concerns to define,
classify, analyse, interpret and evaluate (Abrams, 1901: 49 cited in
Abielah, 2016: 7-8) selected poems of Pablo Neruda to make knowing
and understanding well about Pablo Neruda’s love. This research analyses
selected poems of Pablo Neruda through psychological approach with
triangular theory of love by Sternberg.
Psychological approach actually related to three main things. They
are author, literary work and reader but it is closer to relation between the
author and his or her literary work. The researcher uses psychological
textual approach to analyse psychology of the character or speaker in the
poems that refers to Pablo (Roekhan, 1990:88 cited in Endraswara, 2011:
97) and the analysis will focus on love. Love is as part of psychology field.
The researcher uses triangular theory of love to find the elements of
love in the selected poems. The elements of love are intimacy, passion,
and commitment. After knowing the elements of love in the selected
poems, the researcher can define Pablo Neruda’s love to his wife included
8
to what kinds of love based on tiangular theory of love by Robert
Sternberg.
To deal with the problem in this research about love, the analysis of
Pablo Neruda’s love to his wife in named Matilde his selected poems is
seen through psychological point of view because love is one of discussion
in psychology.
1.6.2 Data Source
In this research, the researcher uses one data source. It is book
entitled 100 Love Sonnets: Cien sonetos de amor by Pablo Neruda that
was in English and Spanish edition in June 1, 1986 by University of Texas
Press containing 232 pages. The poems used as the material object of this
research are Sonnet I, Sonnet II, Sonnet IX: There where the waves shatter,
Sonnet XVI, Sonnet XVII, Sonnet XXV, Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not Love You
Except Because I Love You, Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside
my dream, and Sonnet XCV: Who ever desired each other as we do.
1.6.3 Data Collection
The data in this research are from phrases, sentences and
expressions in Pablo Neruda’s selected poems. The researcher does some
activities as the steps to get the data. The first step of collecting data is
performing close reading to the data. The researcher makes a brief
interpretation and takes a note for important finding. From the note taken,
the researcher collects Pablo Neruda’s love to his wife in his selected
9
poems. The data collected are taken from nine selected poems of Pablo
Neruda’s 100 sonnets. As the second stage of reading with deeper
interpretation, the researcher analyses the poems for finding the love to
Matilde in the poems as the data of this research.
1.6.4 Data Analysis
The writer analyses the data step by step in this research according
to approach and theory used. The process of analysing the data is done in
three major steps. After finishing the data collection, the first step is
classifying the data. The classification process depends on the elements of
love in triangular theory of love. As the second step, the researcher
displayed the classified data and applied triangular theory of love to
answer the research questions of this research. As the last step, the
researcher draws the conclusion and reports the results of the study.
10
1.7 Definition of Key Terms
a. Love
Love is the condition when the happiness of another person that is loved is
important to your own (Heinlein, 1987: 340). A person who is falling in love
will do kinds of things like caring, loving and protecting. It is certain feeling,
drive, thought, and behaviour when falling in love to someone. Love is
universal experience for people around the world from past until now. It
actually is not just about heart or feeling but brain also has part when human
feels love.
b. Sonnet
Sonnet is one of popular poetic form. It consists of fourteen lines in the
poem. Giacomo da Lentino introduced this kind of poem in about 1200.
Sonnet is from Latin word “sonus” that means “a sound” and it is derived in
Italian word “sonetto” which means a little sound or song. It is famous in
Western world. The poets who are famous with their sonnets are Shakespeare,
Spenser, Petrarch, Wordsworth, Milton and modern poets like Thomas Wyatt,
Dante, Rainer Maria Rilke, Dylan Thomas, Elizabeth Barret Browning, Edna
St. Vincent, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and W.H. Auden (Padgett, 1987: 189-
191).
Sonnet consists of fourteen lines in one poem. There is two parts of it.
They are octave which is eight lines and sestet which is six lines. The octave
can become two stanzas with each of those stanza have four lines. The sestet
can become two stanza so the third stanza is four lines and the fourth stanza is
11
two lines. The two lines in the end can give the poet space to conclude what
he or she want to tell in the poems (Padgett, 1987: 192).

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher discusses about triangular theory of love,
elements of love, kinds of love, psychological approach and several previous
studies related to this research.
2.1 Triangular Theory of Love
To understand about love, Sternberg (1986) proposes the triangular theory
of love. There are three components of love. They are intimacy, passion, and
decision or commitment. Intimacy is in the top of the triangle. Passion is in the
left-hand vertex of the triangle. Decision or commitment is in the right-hand
vertex of the triangle.
2.1.1 Components of Love
There are three main parts in the triangular theory of love by Robert J.
Sternberg (1986: 119). They are:
a. Intimacy
Intimacy is feeling which makes a person want to always become close
with someone whom she or he loves. The feeling also makes the person
always wants to connect, appreciate, respect, believe, become closer and
together someone whom she or he loves. Intimacy will make the
12
13
relationship becoming warm and close. Each of them in love wants to
always become together.
b. Passion
Passion is the component of love that refers to physical attraction which
makes a person wants to do physical contact with someone whom he or
she loves. That physical contact can be touching hand, arm, face; kissing;
hugging or even doing sexual activity and other related phenomena when
loving someone or in the relationship with someone. Passion will make
love relationship between two people in love becoming enthusiastic
sexually to his or her partner in love.
c. Decision or commitment
Decision or commitment is cognitive propulsion that makes a person
wants to keep and maintain his or her relationship in loving each other. In
short period, desicion is when one person chooses to love someone who
becomes his or her desicion. In long period, the commitment is needed to
maintain the relationship between two people in love. The commitment
will look with doing efforts as love behavior that will increase
believeness, acceptance, feeling worthy and to be loved.
2.1.2 Kinds of Love
There are eight kinds of love in the triangular theory of love by Robert J.
Sternberg (1986: 123-124). They are:
a. Nonlove
14
Nonlove means there is no love at all between two people because three
components of love (intimacy, passion, decision or commitment) are not
found between them. The relationship is no love and warm feeling of one
each other. Because of that there is no reason for two people to start any
relationship.
b. Liking
Liking is when there is just one component of love. It is intimacy so there
are no passion and decision or commitment. Two people just want to be
close each other and share idea or story without wanting to do physical
contact or make desicion for loving. This condition can be found in
friendship which a person feels closeness and warmth to the other but
without feelings of intense passion or having commitment to love so there
is no love in that friendship.
c. Infatuated love
Infatuated love is when there is one component of love only. It is passion
so there are no intimacy and commitment. After their biology need is met,
they do not do private relationship. It can be also like one night stand
where two people just meet and do sexual activity one then never meet
again or some people that look for pleasure in prostitution or those who do
rape.
d. Empty love
Empty love is when there is one component of love only. It is commitment
so there are no intimacy and passion. There is no love feeling in the

15
relationship. Two people in a relationship just try to maintain their
relationship because various reasons. The example can be found in Doni
and Diah Pitaloka’s relationship. Both of them got married because of
qualification each other without love feeling.
e. Romantic love
Romantic love is when there are two components of love. They are
intimacy and passion so in the relationship there is no commitment. Two
people in love do physical contact like kiss or hug but there is no
commitment to make certain relationship between those two people and it
can be like relationship without status or do not want to marry the person
who is loved because some reason like want to be life freely or still busy
with karier.
f. Companionate love
Companionate love is when there are two components of love. They are
intimacy and decision or commitment. There is no passion in the
relationship between two people. It can be found in a marriage where one
person is betraying another by loving other person but they try to maintain
their marriage because of their kids.
g. Fatuous love
Fatuous love is when there are two components of love. They are passion
and commitment so in the relationship there is no intimacy. In doing this
relationship, two people have relationship and do physical contact like
kiss, hug or even sexual activity but they do not want to be close, warm
16
and intimate each other. It can be found in marriage that is done because
of perfoce by parents, family or other reason.
h. Consummate love
Consummate love is perfect love because it has all components of love
(intimacy, passion and decision or commitment). Two people in love want
to always be close with someone who is loved. They want to do physical
contact like kiss, hug and even sexual activity each other and they are
commitment to maintain theri relationship in long term because they have
already chosen to love each other.
2.2 Psychological Approach
Psychological approach is one of method to analyse literary work that
using psychology as approach (Ratna, 2007: 34). In the past, it is closer with
biographical approach than sociological approach because the analysis which is
done by researcher mostly using the author’s personal data or biography of the
literary work than data of the author’s society or people when the writer wrote the
literary work.
Creative process is one of discussion in psychological approach because
literary work is result of creative process that is done by the author and it connects
with psychology of the writer like sublimation, contemplation, obsession,
compensation and also neurosis (Ratna, 2007: 35) and because of that literary
work can show psychology problem which is had by the writer or even trauma
that is experienced by the author.

17
Psychological approach actually related to three main things. They are
author, literary work and reader but it is closer to relation between the author and
his or her literary work. The researcher uses psychological textual approach to
analyse psychology of the character or speaker in the poems (Roekhan, 1990:88
cited in Endraswara, 2011: 97-98) and the analysis will focus on love. Love is as
part of psychology field.
If the analysis focus on the psychology of the character of speaker in the
poems, the analysis will focus on (Endraswara, 2011: 104-105):
1. Psychological approach stresses on the intrinsic elements of the poetry
because it will analyse the character and characterization of the
character of the story or the speaker and the characterization of the
speaker in the poems.
2. Beside the character and the characterization of the character, the
analysis will focus on logical reeasoning of character or speaker
behavior. The important thing is the researcher reason that makes a
sense about the characterization of the speaker and why he or she has
that characterization in the poems.
3. The characterization conflict of the character or the speaker needs to be
related with the plot of the story or the poem because they are related
each other. The conflict is part of the plot and when the researcher does
that, she will not analyse too much things and just focus on what she
wants to analyse.
18
2.3 Previous Studies
In doing this research, the researcher uses some related previous studies
which have been done by other researchers about research using psychological
approach and also about Pablo Neruda’s certain poems. The following research
are the previous studies for this research that have been chosen by the researcher
for this research analysis.
The first research is An Approach to Pablo Neruda’s Love Metaphors
through Cognitive Poetics by Maria de los Angeles Navarrete Lopez (2010). The
research is about the study of poetry and current disputation concerning the
centralization of metaphor using the cognitive paradigm approach to show the
consistent structure of the poems which related with the author’s
conceptualisation of emotion. The poems that is used in this reseach is Pablo
Neruda’s poems. This research uses literary criticism and to analysis the metaphor
of the poems using George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s analysis of metaphor
(1980, 1989) and also theory of conceptual blending by Gilles Fauconnier and
Mark Turner (2002). The research wants to concern with the original
interpretation of the poet’s love language which will bring closer to literature and
theory of cognition from interdisciplinary part will appear.
The second research is The Analysis of Main Character’s Love in
Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost by Moch Ichwanudin (2008). The researcher
analysed the kinds of characters love in Shankespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost
drama using psychological approach to know the psychological types of love in
the drama and also using theory of love included the factors and the influence of
19
love to human being. This research is done with literary criticism through
describing, analysing, justifying, interpreting, and evaluating the literary work.
The researcher found that the kinds of love which is done by the characters in
Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost is romantic love.
The third research is Study of The Main Character of Black Swan Movie
Script by Andres Heinz done by Wahyu Diah Sartika (2013). The researcher
discussed about psychological conflict of the main character of Black Swan movie
by Andres Heinz. She used Sigmund Freud’s psychological approach and theory
(anxiousness and hallucination) in her research. The intrinsic aspect which was
analysed by the researcher was character, conflict, and setting to support the
whole research. Whereas Sigmund Freud’s psychological approach is used to
analyse the extrinsic aspect in order to analyse character psychology or character
in the story. In this thesis, the researcher used literary criticism which means the
researcher does collecting data from some related books in library, internet, or
other sources.
The fourth research is Psychological Approach: Emotion Analysis of The
Main Character “Evan Taylor” in August Rush Movie by Using James-Lange
Theory by Yoused Bani Ahmad (2010). The research was aimed to find out the
character of Evan Taylor as the main character in the movie entitled August Rust
and to find out how his emotion will influence the story of the movie. The
researcher used descriptive qualitative method in his research by watching the
movie, capturing the selected scenes that represent the description of character
20
and emotion of Evan Taylor as the object of the analysis. This study used
psychological approach to analyse the object of the study.
The fifth research is Psychological Analysis of Jay Gatsby’s Life in
Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”(Viewed from Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs Theory) by Ahmad Noufal Junaidi (2014). The research
focused on analyzing the psychological problems of Jay Gatsby which influenced
his life and the efforts of Gatsby to fulfill his psychological needs. The study used
Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs to analyse the psychological problems of Jay
Gatsby. Based on the results of the study, the researcher had found four needs of
Jay Gatsby in Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” by using Abraham
Maslow’s theory of needs. They are physiological needs, safety need, love and
belonging need and esteem need.
The first previous study has same subject with this research because it uses
Pablo Neruda poems but the theory and approach are different. The second, third,
fourth and fifth previous studies have same approach with this research because
they use psychological approach but the theory and the subject of studies are
different with this thesis.
After read all of those previous studies, the researcher can learn and get
more information that she need. The researcher get information more about Pablo
Neruda’s poems and to analyze them properly with different theory and approach
to make gap between the studies that have already done by other researchers, also
about how to analysis an object with psychological approach. There are so many
studies using psychological approach but they are mostly analyze novel, there are
21
just few studies that analyze poem. The researcher also gets information about
other theory of love that is used by other researcher to analyze love in a drama.
Then, this study uses psychological approach to analyze Neruda’s selected poems
with theory of love.

CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
This chapter shows the analysis that has already done by the researcher to
answer the problem of the study in this thesis by analysing the data in Pablo
Neruda’s selected sonnets. Before presenting the findings of this study, the
researcher will present each of the selected sonnets of Pablo Neruda to be studied.
After presenting Pablo Neruda’s selected sonnets, the researcher will present
analysis of those selected sonnets.
3.1 Pablo’s Love to Matilde
Table 3.1.1 Poem 1: Sonnet I
Stanza Line Poem Paraphrase
Matilde, a name for a plant, For Pablo, Matilde is like plant

stone or wine, that make calm down him, stone
which is strong and wine that
1 intoxicate. Pablo mentions his
wife name in the beginning of
this sonnet. It means this sonnet
1 is for her.
for some enduring thing born For some bad thing that happen
of the earth. to Pablo in the world, Matilde
2 makes his life more beautiful
with being his plants, stone and
wine.
22
23
The light of lemons comes The name (Matilde) has spring

from this word’s spring, or is like spring whose light is
3
like lemon. It gives light to
Pablo’s heart.
and bursts forth with this the name also has summer
word’s summer. which put in motion and give
4
spirit like spirit of the summer
to play and go out.
Wooden ships swiftly sail In the name, it is like there are

about this name wooden ships sail to describe
1
how broad the name is for
Pablo.
surrounded by swarms of sea- The ships are in the sea so the

blue fire, name is like the sea that is
2
shown with words “sea-blue
2 fire”.
and those letters are the waters Each letter in the name is like
3 of a river water in a river that flows into
Pablo’s heart, flowing love.
spilling, pouring into my Spiling and pouring into Pablo’s

burnt-out heart. heart (with love implicitly)
4
which is expressed as water in
previous line.
O name discovered behind The name seems to be covered

unruly ivy by something, in other words
1
there is a barrier to this line
3
illustrated by unruly ivy.
2 like the door to a secret tunnel It discovers behind unruly ivy

and it is like the door to a secret
tunnel. Secret tunnel can refer to
24
her or to her heart,
3 leading to the scent of the Leading to Matilde because she

world! is Pablo’a scent of world.
4 1 O invade me with your Pablo wants her to invade him

scalding mouth, with her mouth, to kiss her. This
line shows passion because
there is desire to do physical
contact.
2 Peer into me, if you wish, with If she wishes, she can peer into
your nocturnal eyes, him with her nocturnal eyes
which means in evening to sleep
with her.
3 but let me sail and sleep in Pablo asks her to let him sleep
your name. and live with her in her life.
Element of love Passion
In this poem, the researcher found one element of love. it is passion in the
fourth stanza in the second line because there is desire to do physical contact
between Pablo and Matilde with the words ‘invade me with your scalding mouth’
which means he wants to kiss her.
Table 3.1.2 Poem 2: Sonnet II
Love, how many roads to Pablo must through many roads
1 obtain a kiss, to obtain a kiss (love implicitly)
1 from Matilde,
what lonely wanderings before He feels lonely before finding

2
finding you! her.
25
Trains now trundle through the It describes how the trains

3 rain without me. trundle without him inside the
trains through the rain.
Spring has yet to come to Love spring has yet to come to

4 Taltal (the place where Pablo
Taltal.
is).
1 But you and I, my love, are He is with Matilde, they are

together, together.
together from our clothes to They are always together from

2
our bones, clothes to bones
2
3 together in Autumn, in our They are always together also in
water, at our hips, autumn, water, and hips.
until it’s just you together, me They are always together to get
4 through everything. Pablo
together.
chooses to be with her.
To think it took all the stones It can refer to Matilde and Pablo
borne by the water, togetherness that took all the
stones borne by the water,
1
stones borne can refer to
difficulty that must they deal
3 with
flowing out of the mouth of the and flowing out to the river
2 Boroa. Boroa is a town in
river Boroa;
Araucania, Chile.
to think that, held apart by Pablo and Matilde held apart in

3
trains and nations a long distance.
1 you and I had but to love each Matilde and Pablo had to love
4 other, each other.
2 with everyone mixed up, with They have to always love each
26
men and women, other although with everyone

mixed up, other men and
women in their life.
with the earth that nurtures the With everything in the world,
3 carnations. both nice and bad thing, they
have to love each other.
Element of love Decision
In the second stanza line 1, 2, 3 and 4, there are decision there because
Pablo and Matilde are together. They choose to be together from clothes to bones
in autumn, in their water and hips. The action is decision, decision to be together.
In every line there is word “together”, it shows how Pablo stresses the word in this
stanza because it is important word.
Table 3.1.3 Poem 3: Sonnet IX: There where the waves shatter
There where the waves shatter on Rock mostly is sturdy and

the restless rocks does not easy to break but it
1 can be broken by the waves
like Matilde’s barrier love
that can be broken by Pablo.
2 the clear light bursts and enacts the clear light bursts and
1
its rose, enacts its rose like her heart.
3 and the sea-circle shrinks to a It also to descbire how her

cluster of buds, heart.
to one drop of blue salt, falling.

4 The heart is falling like one
drop of blue salt.
27
O bright magnolia bursting in the Magnolia is a large genus of

1 foam, flower. It is beautiful like
Matilde for Pablo.
magnetic transient whose death Magnetic is adjective of

blooms transient, transient is a
momentary variation in
2 current. The words “whose
death blooms”, whose refers
2 to transient so perhaps the
death of transient, it blooms.
and vanishes - being, nothingness Magnetic transient vanishes

3 - forever: and being nothingness
forever
broken salt, dazzling lurch of the broken salt, dazzling lurch of

4 sea. the sea like broken heart
before meet Matilde
You & I, Love, together we ratify Matilde and Pablo they are
1 the silence, together ratify the silence of
life.
while the sea destroys its The sea destroys its perpetual
2 perpetual statues, statues, the sea shows the
3
setting like the heart destroys
the past of love.
collapses its towers of wild speed It describes the situation in

3 and whiteness: the sea when destroying its
perpetual statues.
because in the weavings of those It still about situation in the

1 invisible fabrics, sea, in the weavings of those
invisible fabrics.
galloping water, incessant sand, Those invisible fabrics

2 galloping water and incessant
sand
3 we make the only permanent He and she make the only

28
tenderness permanent tenderness,

permanent tenderness can
mean the gentle of the heart
that is not temporary.
In this poem, the researcher finds decision in the third stanza. The first and
the second stanza just describe imagery that want to present by Pablo in this
sonnet. In the third stanza, he says that he and Matilde are together. They ratify
the silence together. Their togetherness is their choice, they choose to be together
through the silence. Then in the last stanza in the last line, he says ‘permanent
tenderness’, permanent means forever, in other word he wants and chooses to be
together with her forever.
Table 3.1.4 Poem 4: Sonnet XVI
I love the clump of earth that

1 you are, Pablo loves Matilde like the
clump of earth.
because, from the planetary Then he explain why like the

prairies clump of earth with the words
2
1 “because from the planetary
prairies.
3 I have no other star. You Matilde is thee only one star in

repeat Pablo’s heart.
the universal multiplications.

4 For Pablo the universal is
doubled and one of them
29
becomes Matilde.
Your wide eyes are the light Matilde’s eyes is like the light
1 that's left of which send out the light of love
for Pablo.
the defeated constellations, He describes her eyes with the

left light from the stars which is
2
defeated constellations, how
2 beautiful her eyes for him.
your skin quivers like the trails Then he says “your skin quivers
3 like the trails left in the rain by
the passing meteor”,
left in the rain by the passing Her skin quivers, and it is like
4 meteor. the trails left in the rain by the
passing meteor.
1 Of so much of the moon, for Matilde’s hips is like so much

me, were your hips, of the moon for Pablo.
of the entire sun your deep Her deep mouth is like the
2 mouth and its delicacy, entire sun and its delicacy of her
3 mouth.
of so much burning light, like Its delicacy is so much burning

shadowed honey light like shadowed honey,
3
‘shadowed’ means not appear
but exist in shadow.
your heart, charred with long Her heart charred with long red
1 red rays, rays, it is like a barrier to her
heart.
and so I pass by your fiery Pablo tries to enter her heart

form, kissing you, although there is barrier like red
4
2 rays with kissing her. Kissing is
physical contact so this line
shows passion.
3 planetary and small, my For Pablo, Matilde is like his

30
geography, my dove. geography and his dove, he

really loves her.
Element of love Passion
In the fourth stanza, the researcher finds passion in line 1, 2 and 3. This
stanza tells how Pablo has to pass her fiery body to kiss her. The word kiss
belongs to passion because there is physical contact between Pablo and Matilde or
if Pablo does not yet kiss her because have to pass her fiery body first, the desire
to kiss her also belongs to passion because he wants there is physical contact with
her.
Table 3.1.5 Poem 5: Sonnet XVII
I do not love you as if you Pablo does not love her because
were salt-rose, or topaz, she is salt-rose or topaz. Salt-
rose most likely refers to a type
of rose that grows near the
ocean and is especially resistant
1
to a number of diseases roses
commonly suffer. Topaz is a
1
mineral that comes in a variety
of colours: reddish orange,
yellow, bluish-brown.
or the arrow of carnations the The next line continue the

fire shoots off. previous one, it says “or the
2
arrow of carnations the fire
shoots off’, he compares
31
looking at the flower to seeing a

shiny arrow that’s flaming like
fire.
I love you as certain dark He loves her who is dark or has

things are to be loved, dark story or personality or
3 someone who will never be
admired or loved by mostly
people.
in secret, between the shadow Love in secret between the

4 and the soul. shadow and the soul; it can
mean nobody knows the love.
I love you as the plant that Pablo loves just like plant that
never blooms never blooms, and never blooms
1
can mean never show the beauty
and continue in the next line.
but carries in itself the light of Actually there is the light of

2 hidden flowers; hidden flowers in the plant like
2 inner beauty in woman.
thanks to your love a certain Pablo thanks to her love for love
3 solid fragrance, a certain fragrance, fragrance is
a pleasant and sweet smell.
risen from the earth, lives The love that is given by her
4 darkly in my body. raised from the earth and it lives
darkly in the Pablo’s body.
I love you without knowing Pablo does not know from
3 1 how, or when, or from where. when, how or where the speaker

loves her. He just loves her.
32
I love you straightforwardly, Pablo loves her

without complexities or pride; straightforwardly and without
2
pride or complexities, just loves
her.
so I love you because I know He loves her because there is no

no other way other way for him. He can’t run
3
from Matilde’s love because he
just loves her.
than this: where I does not

His and her life become one so
1 exist, nor you,
if he does not exist so does she.
so close that your hand on my They are so close and switch
2 chest is my hand, body parts/ Pablo’s hand belong

4 to Matilde and so does she.
so close that your eyes close as

They are extremely so close and
I fall asleep.
do not want to separated. Their
3
closeness is described with her
eyes close as he fall asleep in
the night.
Element of love
Intimacy
In this poem, the first and the second stanza just tell the way Pablo loves
Matilde. In the third stanza in line 1, 2 and 3, the researcher find intimacy when
Pablo just wants to love her straight forwardly and try to get close to her to reach
33
her and her heart. He loves her because he does not know other way, he just wants
to love her straight forwardly.
Table 3.1.6 Poem 6: Sonnet XXV
Before I loved you, love, Pablo tells before he love

1 nothing was my own: Matilde, nothing was his own;
he did not want anything.
I wavered through the streets,

He just walks through the
2 among objects:
1 streets and objects.
Nothing mattered or had a There is nothing special or

3
name: mattered for him.
The world was made of air,

4 His world waits for something.
which waited.
I knew rooms full of ashes, Rooms full of ashes means it

1 hasn’t been occupied for a long
time, like Pablo’s heart.
Tunnels where the moon lived, There is word “tunnels”, and it

2
2 is where the moon lived, his
moon that refers to her.
Rough warehouses that It is a metaphor of the heart that

3
growled ‘get lost’, gets lost of love
34
Questions that insisted in the Questions of love that insisted

sand. in the sand are very difficult to
4
search because there are so
many sand.
Everything was empty, dead, Everything was empty, dead,

1
mute, mute like Pablo’s heart.
Fallen abandoned, and The heart fallen abandoned and

2
decayed: decayed.
3
Inconceivably alien, it all Inconceivably means impossible
to imagine so that is alien that
3
impossible to imagine, it all like
that.
Belonged to someone else – to

1 It all belonged to no one.
no one:
Till your beauty and your

4 2 All feel nothing till she comes.
poverty
Filled the autumn plentiful Filled the utumn plentiful in his

3
with gifts. heart with her love.
This poem mostly tells about how Pablo before loves Matilde or meets
her. He says in the first stanza nothing was his own before he loved her then he
tells his condition at that time. In the last stanza he says until her beauty fill his
life so from the first line in the first stanza and in the last stanza line 2 and 3, he
decides to choose Matilde to be loved in his life then the action belongs to
decision.
35
Table 3.1.7 Poem 7: Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love
You
I do not love you except Pablo does not love Matilde

1 because I love you; except because he loves her. He
just loves her.
I go from loving to not loving He go from loving to not loving

2
you, her.
1
From waiting to not waiting Also from waiting to not
3
for you waiting her.
My heart moves from cold to His heart moves from cold to

fire. fire, the heart already move
4
from cold to fire, fire can mean
hot or perhaps angry.
I love you only because it’s He loves her because she is the
1
you the one I love; only one that he loves.
I hate you deeply, and hating He loves her but hate her
2 you deeply, hating her for loving her
deeply.
Bend to you, and the measure He bend to her because of love

2
of my changing love for you and the measure of his changing
3
love for her, from love to not
love.
Is that I do not see you but That is not because he does not
love you blindly. see her but he loves her blindly,
4
without seeing her imperfection
and just loving her.
Maybe January light will Maybe january light will

consume consume, there is something in
1
January but Pablo just says that
it will consume
2 My heart with its cruel

His heart, it will consume his
36
heart with its cruel.
Ray, stealing my key to true It is stealing Pablo’s key to true

calm. calm, it refers to ray, true calm
3
perhaps like true peaceful
feeling in the speaker’s life.
In this part of the story I am In this part of love story, he is

1 the one who the one that dies, just him and
she is alive.
Dies, the only one, and I will He dies because of love,

2
die of love because I love you, because he loves her.
Because I love you, Love, in Because he loves her in fire and

3 fire and blood. blood, the love that willing to
die.
In this poem, the researcher finds decision in the second stanza. In the first
line, Pablo says that he loves her and the only one her. He chooses to love her. His
decision to love her belongs to decision. In the same stanza in the last line, he says
that he loves her blindly. When a person really loves someone, he will love her
blindly and it is the same situation with Pablo to Matilde.
Table 3.1.8 Poem 8: Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside my dream
Already, you are mine. Rest Pablo asks Matilde to rest with
1 with your dream inside my her dream inside his dream so
dream. their dream become one.
1
Love, grief, labour, must sleep Their love, grief, and labour
2 now. have to sleep and do not think
about those.
37
3 Night revolves on invisible Like time, night revolves.

wheels
and joined to me you are pure In the night, Matilde joins with
4 as sleeping amber. Pablo and they sleep together
and she is like sleeping amber.
No one else will sleep with my He just wants to sleep and

1 dream, love. dream with Matilde, no one
else. He chooses her.
You will go we will go joined He says that the she will go,
by waters of time. they will go joined together by
2 waters of time. Water of time
can be time walks like water or
2 flows like water.
No other one will travel the No other woman except Matilde

3 shadows with me, will accompany him to travel
the shadow of life, future.
only you, eternal nature, The next line continues the

eternal sun, eternal moon. previous one, no one and only
4
Matilde. She is eternal nature,
sun and moon for Pablo.
Already your hands have She has already opened her

opened their delicate fists hands with their delicate fists to
1
him. Hands can refer to her
heart that has opened for Pablo.
3 and let fall, without direction, Let the heart fall without
2 their gentle signs, direction and just feel the
feeling of love.
you eyes enclosing themselves Her eyes enclose the hands and
3
like two grey wings, the love.
while I follow the waters you He follows the waters that is

bring that take me onwards: brought by Matilde to take him
1
4 onwards, onwards to where is
explained in the next line.
2 night, Earth, winds weave their Onwards night, Earth, winds to

38
fate, and already, weave their fate become one.
not only am I not without you, Pablo is Matilde’s dream and so

3
I alone am your dream. is she.
In the second stanza, Pablo says that there is no other woman in his sleep
except her. He just wants to go with her so the action belongs to decision, his
decision to be with her and just go with her, because for him she is his eternal
nature, sun and moon. She is very important for him.
Table 3.1.9 Poem 9: Sonnet XCV: Who ever desired each other as we do
Who ever desired each other as He asks who ever desired each
1 we do? Let us look other as Pablo and Matilde, they
want to look.
for the ancient ashes of hearts The hearts burned because of

2
that burned, love.
1
and let our kisses touch there, Pablo and Matilde, kisses one
3
one by one, by one.
till the flower, disembodied, The flower can be heart that

4 rises again. disembodied, it rises again
because of love.
Let us love that Desire that ‘Us’ refers to Matilde and

consumed its own fruit Pablo, ‘desire’ can refer to
1
desire to love, touch, kiss, hug
and so on.
2
and went down, aspect and Aspect and power of desire
2
power, into the earth: went down into the earth.
3 We are its continuing light, ‘We’ refer to him and her again,
39
‘its’ can belong to Desire which

like continuing light,
indestructible and fragile seed.
its indestructible, fragile seed Desire is indestructible but it is

4
like fragile seed.
Elements of love Intimacy, Passion
This poem starts with a question. Pablo asks the question to look if there is
other couple like him and Matilde who desire each other, desire each other can be
included to intimacy because they want to be close each other. In the same stanza
line 2, 3 and 4, there is passion because of the word “kisses”. Pablo actually does
not tell about kiss her but the hearts that burned, it burned can be because of love
or desire so the couple want to kiss and touch one by one, ‘until the flower’ can
refer to heart which disembodied can rise again.
Referring to the analysis above, the elements of love are summarized in
the following table.
Table 3.1.10 The Elements of Love in The Poems
The elements of
Poem
The title love
1. Sonnet I Passion
2. Sonnet II Decision
3. Sonnet IX: There where the waves shatter Decision

40
4. Sonnet XVI Passion
5. Sonnet XVII Intimacy
Sonnet XXV Decision

6.
Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not Love You Except Because I

7. Decision
Love You
Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside my

8. Decision
dream
Sonnet XCV: Who ever desired each other as we Intimacy, Passion

9.
do
In the selected poems the researcher found all elements of love, they are
intimacy, passion and decision or commitment. Intimacy is in the fifth and ninth
poem. Passion is in the first, fourth and ninth poem. Decision is in the second,
third, sixth, seventh, eighth poem. Based on the analysis Pablo’s love to Matilde is
consummate love because it has all the elements of love.
3.2 Pablo’s Way of Expressing His Love to Matilde
In expressing his love to Matilde, Pablo uses beautiful words and makes
100 sonnets for her. His way is by writing poems beautifully using figurative
language like metaphor, personification, simile, hyperbole and imagery (visual
and kinaesthetic imagery), as they express in:
Poem 1
41
In this poem, Pablo explicitly mentions the name of Matilde to make it
clear that this sonnet is intended for her. This sonnet explains the name of Matilde
for Pablo personally. He uses a real object as metaphor for that name like a name
of plant, stone, or wine. A plant is green and shade, stone is strong and solid, wine
is intoxicating and enjoying, Matilde may have those characteristic for Pablo.
“Matilde, a name for a plant, stone or wine” (stanza 1, line 1)
Pablo describes that name very beautifully in this sonnet like in these lines
below:
“The light of lemons comes from this word’s spring,

and bursts forth with this word’s summer.”(Stanza 1, line 3 and 4)
‘This word’ refers to Matilde. Pablo treats this word like has two seasons,
spring and summer. In spring the word will give the light of lemons and the
flowers will blooms. In summer the word bursts forth like summer is full of sun
light. Spring and summer are beautiful seasons in different way, just like the name
which has two beauties.
“Wooden ships swiftly sail about this name

surrounded by swarms of sea-blue fire,
and those letters are the waters of a river
spilling, pouring into my burnt-out heart.” (Stanza 2; line 1, 2, 3 and 4)
Pablo uses visual imagery in this stanza. He depicts that there are wooden
ships sail and surrounded by swarms of sea-blue fire in the name. The scenery like
that will be very hard to find in real life although it can be really beautiful. The
letters of the name are the waters of a river; Pablo uses metaphor for the letters.
Like the waters of a river which spills and pouring, her name spills and pouring
into his burnt-out heart.

42
“O name discovered behind unruly ivy

like the door to a secret tunnel
leading to the scent of the world!” (the third stanza; line 1, 2 and 3)
In this stanza, Pablo describes her name differently. He uses simile with
word “like” and this is visual imagery because the readers is asked to see and
imagine the name discovered behind unruly ivy. It is like the door to a secret
tunnel that will lead to the scent of the world. The word “like” belongs to simile
and compares the door with the name discovered behind unruly ivy.
“O invade me with your scalding mouth,

Peer into me, if you wish, with your nocturnal eyes,
but let me sail and sleep in your name.” (stanza 4; line 1, 2 and 3)
In the last stanza, Pablo does not describe the name again but he says what
he wants to do to her name. He uses kinaesthetic imagery because he asks to her
for invading him with her scalding mouth and peer into him with her nocturnal
eyes. Nocturnal eyes is metaphor because Pablo uses word ‘nocturnal’ to describe
her eyes, it can mean her eyes in the night or when they are going to sleep and he
looks at her eyes. The third line, he says that he wants to sail and sleep in her
name; it can be meant he wants to explore her and sleep can refer to sleep or even
live with her.
Poem 2
Pablo does not use Matilde name anymore but he uses darling nickname
with word “love”, it refers to Matilde. He starts this sonnet with saying “love”
which belongs to Matilde. He asks how many roads that he has to through them to
obtain a kiss from Matilde. This line also shows his buffetings that to get her in
43
his life is not easy; he has to through a long way alone so he feels lonely because
there is no love.
“Love, how many roads to obtain a kiss

what lonely wanderings before finding you!” (stanza 1, line 1 and 2)
In the next line, Pablo tells how he is before finding her. He does not
follow trundled trains through the rain. This line shows kinaesthetic imagery
because there is movement from the trains and the rain. Then the last line in this
stanza uses the word ‘spring’, it can refer to happy season where the flowers
blooms and also the heart full of flower but the spring does not come yet to Taltal.
The love does not come yet to Pablo.
In stanza 2, Pablo says for many times that he and Matilde are together. It
can be to emphasize their togetherness. They are together from their clothes to
their bones, from outside to inside body, always together. In inside not only
bones, the heart is also in inside of body. They are also together in autumn, sad
season when the leaves fall down and the flowers do not bloom. Autumn can refer
to bad condition or situation. They are always together and just two of them,
Pablo and Matilde. This stanza shows visual imagery because it uses actual things
like clothes, bones, autumn, water, hips that can be seen and imagined by the
readers in their mind.
“But you and I, my love, are together,

together from our clothes to our bones,
together in Autumn, in our water, at our hips,
until it’s just you together, me together.” (line 1, 2, 3, and 4)
Stanza 3 tells how they have to hold apart although they really want to be
together. The trains and even nations hold apart them. They do long distance
relationship and have to try best to through it and its entire struggle which is
44
described by Pablo like all the stones borne by the water. He uses visual and
kinaesthetic imagery. The visual imagery can be seen by using actual object like
‘stone’, ‘water’, ‘river’, and ‘train’. The kinaesthetic imagery is shown in the
movement of water and trains.
“To think it took all the stones borne by the water,

flowing out of the mouth of the river Boroa;
to think that, held apart by trains and nations” (stanza 3; line 1, 2, 3)
In the last stanza, Pablo explains how he and she can through all of the
problems above. There is no other way except love each other because love can
conquer it all. In the end of this sonnet he uses metaphor ‘the earth that nurtures
the carnations’ to compare with how he and she will through the problems.
“you and I had but to love each other,

with everyone mixed up, with men and women,
with the earth that nurtures the carnations.”(stanza 4; line 1, 2, 3)
Poem 3
Pablo started this poem with imagery. He uses kinaesthetic imagery because in the
first stanza line 1, he describes somewhere, there the waves shatter on the rocks,
there is movement when the waves shatter. Then in the next line the clear light
bursts and enacts its rose, there is also movement there. The third line also uses
kinaesthetic imagery because it tells the sea-circle shrinks to a cluster of buds and
falling, the movement because the activity belongs to kinaesthetic imagery.
“There where the waves shatter on the restless rocks

the clear light bursts and enacts its rose,
and the sea-circle shrinks to a cluster of buds,
to one drop of blue salt, falling.” (stanza 1; line 1, 2, and 3)
45
In the next stanza in the line one he describes a magnolia. It is a beautiful
flower, it bursts in the foam, this line can be kinaesthetic imagery because of the
movement when magnolia bursts. In the next line, he uses personification in the
words ‘death blooms’ and it becomes nothing. The last line shows kinaesthetic
imagery because of the movement of broken salt when it is dazzling lurch.
“O bright magnolia bursting in the foam,

magnetic transient whose death blooms
and vanishes—being, nothingness—forever:
broken salt, dazzling lurch of the sea.” (stanza 1; line 1, 2, and 3)
The third stanza shows him and her, he says that he and she ratify the
silence together while the sea destroys its perpetual statues. ‘Sea destroys’ is
personification because it human activity. In the line 1, he calls Matilde with
‘love’, two loving people ratify the silence. These lines use kinaesthetic imagery
because they show movement and feeling.
“You & I, Love, together we ratify the silence,

while the sea destroys its perpetual statues,” (the third stanza, line 1 and
2)
The last stanza tells the weavings that have invisible fabrics, galloping
water and incessant sand, in there all he and she make the only permanent
tenderness with their love. This stanza shows kinaesthetic imagery because of the
movement of the sand and their feeling to make the only permanent tenderness
there.
Poem 4
In this poem, Pablo says he loves the clump of earth that she is because there is no
other star except Matilde in his life, even he says the universe is doubled becomes
46
her for him. In the line 1, he uses metaphor because he compares her with the
clump of earth. This stanza is full of visual imagery because it uses actual object
like earth, planetary prairies, star, and the universal. The readers can imagine them
in their mind.
“I love the clump of earth that you are,

because, from the planetary prairies
I have no other star. You repeat
the universal multiplications.”(stanza 1; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
In the next stanzas, Pablo equates body parts of Matilde like the objects in
the universe. He uses metaphor and simile. Metaphor is in line 1 and 2 because he
compares her wide eyes with the light that is left of the defeated constellations,
without word ‘like’ or ‘as’. Simile is in line 3 and 4 because he compares her skin
quivers like the trails left in the rain by the passing meteor, he uses word ‘like’
that belongs to simile.
“Your wide eyes are the light that's left of

the defeated constellations,
your skin quivers like the trails
left in the rain by the passing meteor.”(stanza 2; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
In the third stanza Pablo still compares body parts of Matilde with the
objects in the universe. He uses metaphor and simile. Metaphor is in line 1 and 2
because he compares her hips with the moon directly and her mouth with the
entire sun. Simile is in line 3 because he compares the delicacy of her mouth
which so much burn light with shadowed honey, he uses word ‘like’ that belongs
to simile.
“Of so much of the moon, for me, were your hips,

of the entire sun your deep mouth and its delicacy,
of so much burning light, like shadowed honey” (stanza 3; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
47
The last stanza, Pablo uses personification for her heart by using word
‘charred’. There is kinaesthetic imagery here because he tells how he has to pass
her fiery body then kiss her. He also calls her with lovely nickname like ‘my
geography’ and ‘my dove’; it can be as metaphor for her.
“your heart, charred with long red rays,

and so I pass by your fiery form, kissing you,
planetary and small, my geography, my dove.” (stanza 4; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
Poem 5
This poem mostly tells how Pablo loves Matilde, the way he loves her. He loves
her with different way and with his own way like loving her in secret and like the
plant that never blooms but having light hidden flowers. In the first stanza line 1,
he uses simile that is shown with word ‘if’. He will not love her if she is like salt-
rose or topaz or the arrow of carnations the fire shoots off. These line uses visual
imagery because they use actual object.
“I do not love you as if you were salt-rose, or topaz,

or the arrow of carnations the fire shoots off.” (stanza 1; line 1 and 2)
In the next line same stanza, he says he loves her as certain dark things in
secret, between the shadow and the soul. Line 3 uses simile because he compares
his love with certain dark things are to be loved in secret between the shadow and
the soul, he uses word ‘as’ to connect them.
“I love you as certain dark things are to be loved,

in secret, between the shadow and the soul.” (Stanza 1; line 3 and 4)
In the next stanza, he says that he loves her as the plant that never blooms
but carries in itself the light of hidden flowers. He uses simile again there by
comparing his love with the plant that never blooms but carries light. He connects
48
them with word ‘as’, ‘as’ belongs to simile. These lines use visual imagery
because the readers can imagine certain dark things between the shadow and the
soul. Then he thanks to her, thanks for her love that lives in his body darkly which
risen from the earth, it is personification because he gives human activity ‘live’
towards her love.
“I love you as the plant that never blooms

but carries in itself the light of hidden flowers;
thanks to your love a certain solid fragrance,
risen from the earth, lives darkly in my body.” (stanza 2; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
In the third stanza, he says that he does not know from where, when or
how he loves her, he just loves her because he does not know other way except
loves her. Sometimes, when person fall in love to other person, he does not know
how he can fall in love to her, the love appears suddenly and the person will not
notice from where on when. Same with Pablo, he just wants to love her
straightforwardly and become honest with his feeling to her without complexities
or pride to get her love and to make her loving him too because he just knows the
way to love her. This stanza full of kinaesthetic imagery because from line 1 until
3, they just tells about his feeling and the way he loves her. The feeling belongs to
kinaesthetic imagery.
“I love you without knowing how, or when, or from where.

I love you straightforwardly, without complexities or pride;
so I love you because I know no other way” (stanza 3; line 1, 2, 3)
In the last stanza, he concludes this sonnet that he will exist if she exists
there than he will not exist if she does not. In other word, they always together or
their heart always together so they connect each other because of their love. They
are very close each other. The closeness can be in real life in everyday life or in
49
their heart. he says her hand on his chest is his hand, he declares his ownership of
her hands, body and heart. Then in the last line of this stanza, he uses simile with
word ‘as’, he compares her eyes close with he fall asleep. It can mean that they
close their eyes together or they sleep together and see the eyes each other then
fall asleep together.
“than this: where I does not exist, nor you,

so close that your hand on my chest is my hand,
so close that your eyes close as I fall asleep.” (stanza 4; line 1, 2, 3)
Poem 6
This poem is started with word ‘before’ to tell how Pablo before loves Matilde.
This stanza uses kinaesthetic imagery because there is movement when he
wavered through the streets among object although he feels nothing and nothing
mattered for him or had a name. He does not make any attention of anything
around him. He uses personification in the end of stanza by saying the world was
made of air which waited, waited is human activity but he uses for world. It can
mean that the world is his world that waits for her.
“I wavered through the streets, among

Objects:
Nothing mattered or had a name:
The world was made of air, which waited.” (stanza 1; line 2, 3, 4, 5)
The second stanza shows visual imagery because there are some real
objects like rooms that full of ashes, tunnels, moon, and rough warehouses and
also sand. He just uses some related object with his feeling. The room is full of
ashes because there is no person live in the room anymore, room can refer to
heart, and heart without love will be full of ashes like the room. For the second
line, moon does not live in tunnels but he makes like that, he means moon in his
50
life, love. In the third line, he uses personification because he uses word ‘growled’
to rough warehouses and says ‘get lost’ whereas it cannot because it is inanimate
object, just human or animal can do that thing in real life.
“I knew rooms full of ashes,

Tunnels where the moon lived,
Rough warehouses that growled ‘get lost’,
Questions that insisted in the sand.” (stanza 2; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
In the next stanza, he continues to tell how everything feels for him. This
stanza uses kinaesthetic imagery because it shows his feeling toward everything.
For him everything was empty, dead, and mute then fallen abandoned and
decayed. All of them are felt like alien for him. They belong to someone else but
to no one.
“Everything was empty, dead, mute,

Fallen abandoned, and decayed:
Inconceivably alien, it all” (stanza 3; line 1, 2, 3)
“Belonged to someone else – to no one” (stanza 4; line 1)
Finally he finds her in his life and all the bad condition before becomes the
opposite of his situation that tells in the last stanza line 2. He finds her happiness
after meet her. In the last line of this stanza, he says about the autumn which can
refer to his autumn heart is filled with the gifts now because Matilde comes to his
life with her love that like gifts for him.
“Till your beauty and your poverty

Filled the autumn plentiful with gifts.” (stanza 4; line 2, 3)
Poem 7
This poem mostly tells about Pablo’s feeling to Matilde. In the first stanza he says
that he does not love her because he loves her. He goes from loving to not loving,
51
from waiting to not waiting. His heart moves from cold to fire, the fire can mean
because of love. This stanza is full of feeling. Feeling belongs to kinaesthetic
imagery.
“I do not love you except because I love you;

I go from loving to not loving you,
From waiting to not waiting for you
My heart moves from cold to fire.” (the first stanza; line 1, 2 , 3 and 4)
In the second stanza, he also uses kinaesthetic imagery because it tells
about his feeling. In the first line he says that he loves her because she is the only
one he loves. He hates her deeply, bend to her and the measure of his changing
love for her, he loves her blindly.
“I love you only because it’s you the one I love;

I hate you deeply, and hating you
Bend to you, and the measure of my changing love for you
Is that I do not see you but love you blindly.” (the second stanza; line 1, 2,
3 and 4)
In the third stanza, the researcher finds that he uses personification in the
first line. He writes that maybe January light will consume his heart with its cruel
ray that stealing his key to true calm. January does not have light and it does not
consume something, also its cruel ray stealing his key to true calm, he gives
january light and its cruel ray human activity so these lines belong to
personification. This stanza is also full of kinaesthetic and visual imagery because
it describes his feeling with things like January light, his heart, january light’s
cruel ray and his key that can be imagined by the readers.
“Maybe January light will consume

My heart with its cruel
Ray, stealing my key to true calm.” (the third stanza; line 1, 2, and 3)
52
In the last stanza, he also uses kinasthetic imagery because this stanza tells
about his feeling but it is quite different with previous stanzas before because he
uses hyperbole in here. The hyperbole can be found in the first and the second
lines. He says that in this part of story, his and her love story, he is the only one
who dies, he will die because of love, because he loves her, in other word he is
willing to die if that is for her because he loves her, loves her in fire and blood. He
uses overstatement to exaggerates his love for her so these lines show hyperbole.
“In this part of the story I am the one who

Dies, the only one, and I will die of love because I love you,
Because I love you, Love, in fire and blood.” (the fourth stanza; line 1, 2,
and 3)
Poem 8
In this poem, Pablo says that Matilde is his. He wants her to join with him and rest
her dream inside his dream. In this stanza in line 2, he uses personification
because he asks love, grief, labour to sleep, he gives human activity to those
feeling. There is kinaesthetic imagery in line 3 when night revolves on invisible
wheels, there is movement there. In the fourth line, he uses simile because he
compares her with sleeping amber, he uses word ‘as’ to compare them.
“Already, you are mine. Rest with your dream inside my dream.
Love, grief, labour, must sleep now.
Night revolves on invisible wheels
and joined to me you are pure as sleeping amber.”(stanza 1; line 1, 2, 3,
4)
He just wants her and no other one except her because she is eternal
nature, sun and moon for him because he really loves her. He just wants to travel
the shadow with her. In the end of this stanza, he uses metaphor for her. He
53
compares her with eternal nature, sun and moon, he does not use word ‘like’ or
‘as’, he compares them directly. This stanza shows kinaesthetic imagery because
it explains his feeling to her and how he just wants her in his life.
“No one else will sleep with my dream, love.

You will go we will go joined by waters of time.
No other one will travel the shadows with me,
only you, eternal nature, eternal sun, eternal moon.” (stanza 2; line 1, 2, 3,
4)
In the next stanza, he says that she has already opened her heart for him
but he uses other words ‘delicate fists’. He asks her to let if fall without direction.
In the third line, he uses simile to compare her eyes enclosing with two grey
wings and to connect them he uses word ‘like’, so it is simile. This stanza shows
visual imagery with words ‘hands’, ‘eyes’ and ‘two grey wings’. The readers can
see and imagine all of them in their mind.
“Already your hands have opened their delicate fists

and let fall, without direction, their gentle signs,
you eyes enclosing themselves like two grey wings,” (stanza 3; line 1, 2,
and 3)
In the last stanza, he uses kinaesthetic imagery to describe if she is not
with him. The movement of water shows kinaesthetic imagery in line 1 and also
his feeling to her and how he will feel so lonely and alone without her in his side.
When she is not with him, he feels alone with night, earth, winds weave his and
her fate. He will feel alone in real life and also in his dream because he really
loves her and she is his dream.
“while I follow the waters you bring that take me onwards:

night, Earth, winds weave their fate, and already,
54
not only am I not without you, I alone am your dream.” (stanza 4; line 1,
2, 3)
Poem 9
In this poem, Pablo asks if there is couple like him and Matilde, he wants
to see them. He asks while tell about him and her who desire and love each other
from the ancient ashes of hearts that burned. These line 1 and 2 in the first stanza
show kinaesthetic imagery because he asks the question, it can be because he
wants to compare how they are with how he and she are then in the next line he
says about heart that it relates to feeling in the heart.
“Who ever desired each other as we do? Let us look

for the ancient ashes of hearts that burned,
In the next line, he still continues the line before by saying let his and her
kisses touch the ancient ashes of hearts, one by one until the flower which is
disembodied rises again. The flower can refer to the heart which broke from the
past; it rises again because of love. These lines show kinaesthetic imagery because
they tell about feeling, how the sad heart can be healed and become happy again
because of love.
and let our kisses touch there, one by one,

till the flower, disembodied, rises again.” (stanza 1; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
In the second stanza, he says to let him and her love the desire above, it
means desire to love each other. The desire will consume its own fruit, how the
desires can have fruit, he uses personification here by giving human activity to the
desire with the word ‘consume’. Then the next line continues before, ‘the desire
went down into the earth’ it can be meant that the desire back to its source. In line
55
3, he uses metaphor to compare he and Matilde with continuing light diretly
without word ‘like’ or ‘as’.
“Let us love that Desire that consumed its own fruit

and went down, aspect and power, into the earth:
We are its continuing light,
its indertructible, fragile seed” (stanza 1; line 1, 2, 3, 4)
Referring to the analysis above, the figurative languages in the poems are
summarized in the following table.
Table 3.2.1 The Figurative Languages in The Poems
Poem The title The figurative languages
Metaphor, simile, visual and

1. Sonnet I
kinaesthetic imagery
Metaphor, visual and kinaesthetic

2. Sonnet II
imagery
3. Sonnet IX: There where the waves Personification and kinaesthetic

imagery
shatter
Sonnet XVI Metaphor, simile, personification,

4.
and kinaesthetic imagery
Personification, simile, visual and

5. Sonnet XVII
Sonnet XXV Personification, visual and

6.
Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not Love You Personification, hyperbole, visual

7. and kinaesthetic imagery
Except Because I Love You
56
Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your Personification, simile, metaphor,

8.
dream inside my dream visual and kinaesthetic imagery
Sonnet XCV: Who ever desired

9. Metaphor and kinaesthetic imagery
each other as we do
In the selected poems the researcher found some figurative languages, they
are metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, visual and kinaesthetic imagery.
In poem 1, there are metaphor, simile, visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 2,
there are metaphor, visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 3, there are
personification and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 4, there are metaphor, simile,
personification, and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 5, there are personification,
simile, visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 6, there are personification,
visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 7, there are personification, hyperbole,
visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 8, there are personification, simile,
metaphor, visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 9, there are metaphor and
kinaesthetic imagery.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In this chapter, the researcher presents the result of analysis that covers the
conclusion and the suggestion related to the previous chapters above. The
conclusion sums up the result of analysis about Pablo Neruda’s love to Matilde
and how he expresses his love to her in his selected sonnets that is chosen by the
researcher.
4.1 Conclusion
Based on the analysis, Pablo’s kind of love love to Matilde is consummate
love because the love has all components of love. They are intimacy, passion and
decision or commitment (Sternberg, 1986: 124). The researcher can find all of the
elements of love in the selected poems. In the first poem entitled Sonnet I, the
researcher finds intimacy in the third stanza and passion in the fourth stanza. The
second poem entitled Sonnet II, there are passion, intimacy and decision there.
The passion and intimacy are in the first stanza. Decision is in the second stanza.
The third poem entitled Sonnet IX: There where the waves shatter, there is
decision in the third and the fourth stanzas. The fourth poem entitled Sonnet XVI,
there is passion in the third and fourth stanza. The fifth poem entitled Sonnet XVII,
there are intimacy and passion. The intimacy is in the third and the fourth stanzas.
The passion is in the fourth stanza. The sixth poem entitled Sonnet XXV, there is
just decision in the first stanza. The seventh poem entitled Sonnet LXVI: I Do Not
57
58
Love You Except Because I Love You, there is decision in the second stanza. The
eighth poem entitled Sonnet LXXXI: Rest with your dream inside my dream, there
are decision and intimacy. The decision can be found in the first and the second
stanzas. Intimacy is in the first stanza. The ninth poem entitled Sonnet XCV: Who
ever desired each other as we do, there are intimacy and passion in the first
stanza.
In expressing his love to Matilde, Pablo uses beautiful words and makes
100 sonnets for her. His way is by writing poems beautifully using figurative
languages. The figurative languages in the poems are metaphor, personification,
simile, hyperbole, and imagery (visual and kinaesthetic imagery). In poem 1, there
are metaphor, simile, visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 2, there are
metaphor, visual and kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 3, there are personification in
the second and third stanzas and kinaesthetic imagery in the first, second, third
and fourth stanzas. In poem 4, there are metaphor, simile, personification, and
kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 5, there are simile, personification, visual and
kinaesthetic imagery. In poem 6, there are personification, visual and kinaesthetic
imagery. In poem 7, there are personification in the third stanza; kinaesthetic
imagery in the first, second, third and fourth stanzas; visual imagery in the third
stanza; and hyperbole in the fourth stanza. In poem 8, there are personification,
simile, metaphor, kinaesthetic and visual imagery. In poem 9, there are metaphor
and kinaesthetic imagery.

59
4.2 Suggestion
The last section in this chapter is suggestion. Since this research is not a
complete study, the researcher suggest to the next researchers who want to
conduct the research with the same object or issue to have more complete analysis
to the poems of Pablo Neruda and to research or investigate further. This study is
far from perfect and the researcher would be glad if other reseachers complete the
weakness in this study by using other theory or approaches with the same object
of the study.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abielah, Mayza Nisrin. 2016. Racial Prejudice in Harper Lee’s Go Set A

Watchman. (p. 7-8). Malang: UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Ahmad, Yoused B. 2010. Psychological Approach: Emotion Analysis of The Main
Character “Evan Taylor” in August Rush Movie by Using James-Lange
Theory. (p.1-3). Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Press.
Endraswara, Suwardi. 2011. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra – Epistemologi, Model,
Teori, dan Aplikasi. (p. 97-105). Yogyakarta: CAPS.
Feinstein, Adam. 2004. Pablo Neruda A Passion for Life. (p. 1-3). New York:
Bloomsbury Publishing.
Heinlein, Robert A. 1961. Stranger in a Strange Land. (p. 340). United State: G.
P. Putnam’s Sons.
Ichwanudin, Moch. 2008. The Analysis of Main Character’s Love in
Shakespeare’s Love Labour’s Lost. (p. 5). Malang: UIN Maulana Malik
Ibrahim Malang.
Junaidi, Ahmad Noufal. 2014. Psychological Analysis of Jay Gatsby’s Life in
Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”(Viewed from Abraham
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory). Malang. UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim
Malang.
Lopez, Maria de los Angeles Navarrete. 2010. An Approach to Pablo Neruda’s
Love Metaphors through Cognitive Poetics. Edinburgh: The University of
Edinburgh.
Neruda, Pablo. 2011. Pablo Neruda – poems. (p. 1). PoemHunter.Com – The
World’s Poetry Archive.
Neruda, Pablo. 1986. 100 Love Sonnet: Cien sonetos de amor by Pablo Neruda.
(p. 1-200). Texas: University of Texas Press.
Padgett, Ron Ed. 1987. The Teachers and Writers Handbook of Poetic Forms. (p.
189-192). New York: Philmark Lithographics.
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2007. Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. (p. 34-
35). Pustaka Pelajar : Yogyakarta.
Sartika, Wahyu Diah. 2013. Study of The Main Character of Black Swan Movie
Script by Andres Heinz. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro Press.
Stenberg, SJ. 1986. A tringular theory of love. Psychological Review. Vol. 93 (2):
119-135.
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PABLO NERUDA’S LOVE TO MATILDE IN HIS SELECTED SONNETS

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

Dr. Siti Masitoh, M.Hum.

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

Malang, November 30, 2018

Dr. Siti Masitoh, M.Hum. Rina Sari, M.Pd.

Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A.

Malang, November 30, 2018

The Board of examiners Signatures

1. Drs. Andarwati, M.A. (Main Examiner) ___________

2. Muhammad Edy Thoyib, M.A. (Chairperson) ___________

3. Dr. Siti Masitoh,M.Hum (Advisor) ___________

Dr. Hj. Syafiyah, M.A.

Name : Riza Umami

Department : English Letters

English Letters Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana

objection or claim for others.

Malang, November 30, 2018

If nothing saves us from death,

may love at least save us from unhappy life.

This Thesis is dedicated to:

My father and mother

Thank you for always loving me

I love you with all of my heart

Sonnets as the requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra.

Malik Ibrahim Malang.

Faculty, who have taught her so many great lessons.

Malang, November 30, 2018

This chapter discusses about background of the study, problems of the

research method, and definition of key term.

1.1 Background of the Study

be happy, annoying, sad, or even terrible. However, it will be a memory. The

numerous times from 1959 until now (Neruda, 1986: 1).

When falling in love, the happiness of another person who is loved is

Neruda. Matilde’s happiness is important to Neruda’s own. He loved her so much

maximize the beauty of the language.

This research is important to be done by the researcher because this

theory in literary work especially poem.

2011: 1). He is one of the greatest Spanish-language poets in twentieth century.

The researcher selects nine sonnets of Pablo Neruda based on the

XCV: Who ever desired each other as we do.

The studies below are representation of research about Pablo Neruda’s

researchers. The first, An Approach to Pablo Neruda’s Love Metaphors through

the metaphor of his poems within the cognitive paradigm as approached by

The second, The Analysis of Main Character’s Love in Shakespeare’s

Love’s Labour’s Lost by Moch Ichwanudin (2008), he analysed the kinds of

characters love in Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost drama using psychological

(anxiousness and hallucination) in her research.

The fourth research is Psychological Approach: Emotion Analysis of The

Main Character “Evan Taylor” in August Rush Movie by Using James-Lange

The fifth research is Psychological Analysis of Jay Gatsby’s Life in

Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”(Viewed from Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of Needs Theory) by Ahmad Noufal Junaidi (2014). The research

focused on analyzing the psychological problems of Jay Gatsby which influenced

By reading five previous studies above, the researcher decides to conduct

researcher intends to analyse Pablo Neruda’s love to Matilde in his selected

theory of love by Robert Sternberg with psychological approach.