AMUKURA CaSPA EXAMINATION

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT FORM TWO TERM I 2021

NAME…………………………………………………………………….

SCHOOL……………………………………….DATE: ……………………
SIGNATURE………………………………

DURATION: 2 HRS 30MIN

INSTRUCTIONS.

1. This paper consists of three sections; A, B, & C.

2. Answer ALL questions in section A, THREE questions in section B and TWO questions
in section C.
3. Answers to all questions MUST be written in the answer booklet provided.
4. This paper consists of two printed pages
5. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no question is missing.

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.

SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C

1 - 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

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SECTION A
Answer all questions from this section.
1. Identify two classifications of monarchical governments. (2mks)
- Absolute
- Constitutional
2. Define the term linguistics. (1mk)
- It refers to the scientific study of languages.
3. Identify two theories that explain the origin of man. (2mks)
- Creation theory
- Mythical theory
- Evolution theory
4. What is the name of tools made under Old Stone Age period? (1mk)
- Oldowan tools
5. Give two reasons why man started practicing Agriculture. (2mks)
- Hunting and gathering was increasing becoming tiresome as people had to wander
over a large area to get adequate food.
- High population growth which latter led to competition for food.
- Climatic changes such as increased drought resulting in aridity, threatened not
only plant life but also animal life.
- Calamities such as bush fires or floods destroyed vegetation or drove a way wild
animal.
6. What was the first animal to be domesticated by man? (1mk)
- Dog
7. Give two Eastern cushitic communities in Kenya. (2mks)
- Borana, Somali, oromo, Gabra, Rendile & the Burji
8. What was the original homeland of the Bantus? (1mk)
- Congo Basin
9. Give two functions of the Council of elders among the Bantu communities. (2mks)
- Settling disputes
- Presided over religious ceremonies

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 - Declaring war
- Sound a warning
- They served as spokesmen on behalf of the community.
10. Identify the name of the Maasai who practiced Agriculture. (1mk)
- Kwavi
11. Give two early visitors to the East African Coast up to 1500AD. (2mks)
-Greeks
-Romans
-Chinese
-Arabs

12. Identify one treaty signed by British and the Sultan at the Coast to end slave trade.
(1mk)
- Moresby treaty in 1822
- Hammerton treaty signed in 1845
- Frere treaty signed in 1873
13. Define the term citizenship. (1mk)
- It is a legal right of a person to belong to a particular country.
14. Give one limitation of right to life. (1mk)
- When one is defending one’s life or country as is the case during war.
- When defending ones property against violent attack.
- When a law enforcement officer’s life is endangered.

15. State one reason why Racism limit national unity. (1mk)
- People tend to categorize human beings accordingly to race.
- Recism is discrimination based on race
16. Identify one levels of conflict. (1mk)
- Individual vs individual
- Group vs group
- Group vs state

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 - Individual vs state
- State vs state
17. Identify two methods of trade. (2mks)
- Barter
- Currency

SECTION B

Answer any three questions from this section.

18. (a) Give five reasons for the coming of the Eastern Cushites into Kenya. (5mks)
- Escaping from clan or family fueds.
- There was population pressure in their area of origin
- They were in search of better grazing lands.
- They were fleeing outbreak of diseases that affected both people and animals
- They were escaping famine and drought
- They fled the constant attacks from their neighbours such as the Somali.
- They migrated to satisfy their spirit of adventure

(b) Explain five effects of the Luo migration into Kenya. (10mks)

- The Luo migration led to population increase in the region.

- Their migration into Kenya led to increase in warfare

- The new comers assimilated some Luhya and other groups in the region.

- Trading activities increased with the arrival of the Luo.

- The interaction between the Luo and other groups led to intermarriages.

- Luo contacts with the farming Bantu communities led to their adoption of
agriculture alongside pastoralism.

19. (a) Give the names the following communities referred to their God. (3mks)
- The Ameru - Baaba Weetu

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 - The Mijikenda – Mulungu
- The Luo – Nyasaye

(b) Describe the Socio-political organization of the Nandi. (12mks)

- The family was the basic social unit among the Nandi, several families originating
from same ancestors formed a clan.

- The Nandi girls and boys underwent initiation at puberty which involved going
through circumcision and the initiates latter formed an age-set system.

- The Nandi marriage was exogamous where one was not allowed to marry from the
same clan.

- They believed in existence of a supernatural being called Assis.

- Family was the basic political unit among the Nandi.

- They had a council of elders called Kokwet which settled disputes in the
community.

- Above the clan was a large socio-political unit comprising different war groups
located in the same geographical zone called a pororiet which acted as the height
political unit among the Nandi.

20. (a) Give three reasons for the coming of the Arabs at the East African Coast. (3mks)
- They wanted to trade and control the commercial activities along the East African
Coast.
- Some Arabs came as refugees, fleeing from religious and political persecution in
Arabia.
- They came to spread their religion Islam.
- Some came to explore the East African Coast.
- Some came to establish settlements along the East African Coast.

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 (b) Explain six factors that favoured the spread of Christianity in East Africa. (10mks)

- The missionaries faced no strong opposition from any religion.

- East African communities lacked well organized stations that were able to resist
missionary work.

- The missionaries were also fortunate along the Coast as they won the support of the
sultan of Zanzibar, Seyyid Said.

- Missionaries received the support of African converts in spreading the Gospel.

- The use of Kiswahili as a language of communication encouraged the spread of

Christianity.

- Explorer encouraged missionary work.

- The setting up of mission centers, schools and medical centers greatly influenced the
spread of Christianity since Africans living in these centers were required to be
converts.

- Discovering of quinine facilitated the work of missionaries as it was a cure for

tropical diseases.

- The Christian teaching on equality appealed to many Africans. They therefore

easily embraced Christianity.

21. (a) Mention three types of trade. (3mks)

- Local trade
- Regional trade
- International trade

(b) Explain six factors that facilitated the development of Trans-Saharan trade.

- Availability of capital

- Development of local trade provided a good foundation on which trade could thrive.

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 - Existence of various trade commodities.

- Demand for goods.

- Presence of the tuaregs who provided the requisite security and maintained some
water points such as the Oases.

- Existence of pack animals such as horses and camels, facilitated transportation of

goods.

- Existence of well-established trade routes.

SECTION C

Answer any two questions from this section.

22. (a) State five changes that mark the agrarian revolution in Britain. (5mks)
- Abolition of fallows
- Application of new methods of farming.
- Intercropping
- Application of scientific principles to farming.
- Use of machines.
- The land enclosure system.
- The royal Agricultural society.

(b) Explain five effects of the agrarian revolution in the USA. (10mks)

- It led to diversification of agriculture through the introduction of new farm animals

and crops.

- Led to new inventions on farm machinery which included the steel plough.

- High food production due to new methods of farming especially the use of fertilizer
and hybrid seeds.

- It led to expansion of agricultural related industries.

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 - Many people lost their jobs as machines replaced their labour.

- The expansion of food production during the agrarian revolution led to an increase
in trade between the USA and Western Europe.

- Improvement in transport system.

- There was increased population in the USA due to availability of food.

- It contributed to the enhancement of research and scientific inventions especially in

field of agriculture.

23. (a) State five rights and freedoms enjoyed by Kenyan citizens as stated in the
constitution. (5mks)
- Right to life
- Right to own property
- Freedom of conscience or worship
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom of movement
- Freedom from slavery
- Freedom from discrimination
- Right to security of a person
- Protection of the law

(b) Explain five values of good citizenship in Kenya. (10mks)

- A good citizen has a duty to be patriotic to the county.

- Good citizenship implies that one must take part in activities that fosters national
unity including economic activities e.g. agriculture and trade which boosts the
economy.

- Citizens must participate in the democratic process.

- Good citizenship obligates citizens to maintain and protect human dignity.

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 - Good citizenship obligates all citizens to observe equity by respecting the interests
of every citizen, regardless of race ethnicity or age.

- Good citizenship entails respect for social justice.

- Good citizenship obligates one to respect inclusiveness in society.

- Good citizenship calls for respect for equality of all citizens.

24. (a) Give three importance of national integration. (3mks)

- Develops national unity.
- It promotes peaceful co-existence of different tribes and races.
- It enables a county to develop a sense of national direction.
- Easier, more efficient and accurate communications achieved as the nation
increases efforts of national integration.

(b) Explain six factors that limit national unity. (12mks)

- Racism

- Tribalism

- Religious conflicts

- Party membership

- Political ideologies

- Greed

- Nepotism

- Corruption

- Ignorance

- Poverty

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