MATH - GR11 (PRE-CAL) - QTR1-MODULE-2 - NCR-i
MATH - GR11 (PRE-CAL) - QTR1-MODULE-2 - NCR-i
MATH - GR11 (PRE-CAL) - QTR1-MODULE-2 - NCR-i
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 2
Circles
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It will help
you master the Circles. The scope of this module is to define a circle and
determine the standard form of the equation of a circle.
1. define a circle;
2. review the parts of a circle;
3. determine the standard form of equation of a circle and
4. convert the standard form of equation of a circle and vice versa.
3. What is the tangent drawn to a circle that the radius at the point
where they meet?
a. equal b. parallel c. opposite d. perpendicular
4. What is the part of the circumference of a circle?
a. x 2 + y 2 + ax + bx + c = 0 c. x 2 + y 2 + ay + bx + c = 0
b. x 2 + y 2 + ax + bx - c = 0 d. x 2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0
is the center?
x2 + 4x + y 2 - 6y =12 ?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7
10. What is the standard equation of the circle with center (5,-6) and
a. ( x - 5 ) + ( y + 6 ) = 36 c. ( x - 5 ) + ( y + 6 ) = 25
2 2 2 2
b. ( x - 5 ) + ( y - 6 ) = 36 d. ( x + 5 ) + ( y - 6 ) = 25
2 2 2 2
What’s In
Parts of Circles: Using the diagram below, give the name of each part of a
circle.
R a. Center: _______
V
b. Radius: _______
E
c. Diameter: ______
d. Chord: _______
e. Secant: _______
Z f. Tangent: _______
I
What’s New
Use the guide questions to solve the problem below.
Guide Questions:
What is It
What you will learn here is all about the definition of a circle.
Circle
y
Figure1
A circle may also be considered a special kind of ellipse (for the special case
when the tilted plane is horizontal). As we get to know more about a circle,
we will also be able to distinguish
more between these two conics.
B ( 6,5 )
See Figurey 2, with the point C(3,1)
shown. From the figure, the
distance of B(6,5) from C is AC=5.
By the distance formula, the
A = ( − 2,1) C = ( 3,1) distance of B(6,5) from C is
( 6 - 3 ) + (5 -1)
2 2
xBC = = 5 . There
are other points P such that PC=5.
P The collection of all such points
PC = 5 which are 5 units away from C,
forms a circle.
Figure 2
Example 1: Given the center C(3,0), the distance of A(-1,0) from C is AC=4,
and B(7,1). Find the distance of BC from C using the distance formula.
Solution: Since we have the center C(3,0) and B(7,1) the distance
( x2 - x1 ) + ( y2 - y1 )
2 2
from C, we can use the distance formula d= .
(7 - 3 ) + (1- 0 )
2 2
BC = = 17 4.12
What’s More
Find the distance between the given points using the distance
formula.
1. Given the center C(7,-1), the distance of A(1,-1) from C is AC=6,
and B(12,2). Find the distance of BC from C using the distance
formula.
What I Can Do
Task: In a short bond paper, cite three examples and explain how these
examples relate a kind of relationship that can be shown through circle.
1. What is the set of all points in the plane that are located in a fixed
distance from a fixed point called center?
3. What line joins two points on the circumference of a circle but does
5. What is the line that joins two points on a circle and also passes through
B
Task: Name as many pairs of
congruent triangles as possible and tell how you can show each pair
is congruent.
Hint: You can use triangle congruence theorems to prove relationship
among tangents and secants.
What’s In
a. Circle -
b. Radius -
c. Chord -
d. Secant -
e. Arc -
f. Sector -
What’s New
Three Circles y
Guide Questions:
Derivation:
y
Find the standard form of the equation of a circle P ( x, y )
by using the distance formula. Use the illustration r
at your right.
C ( h, k ) x
Equation of a Circle
• Standard Form:
Equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius a is given by
( x – h )2 + ( y – k )2 = r 2 .
o If the center of the circle is at origin (0, 0), then the equation
2 2 2
of a circle is x + y = r .
• Completing the square:
Some quadratic expression can be factored as perfect squares. For
example, x + 6 x + 9 = ( x + 3 ) . However, even if an expression is not
2 2
Given: 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 - 16 x + 24 y - 36 = 0
x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 6y - 9 = 0
x 2 - 4x + y 2 + 6y = 9 → grouping
(x 2
- 4x + 4 ) + ( y 2 + 6y + 9 ) = 9 + 4+ 9 → factoring using completing
the squares
( x - 2) + ( y + 3 ) = 22
2 2
→ standard equation of
a circle
center : ( 2,- 3 ) ( )
radius : 22
x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 8y - 5 = 0
Given: x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 8y - 5 = 0
Solution:
x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 8y - 5 = 0
(x 2
) ( )
- 4x + y 2 + 8y = 5 → grouping
(x 2
- 4x + 4 ) + ( y + 8y +16 ) = 5 + 4 +16 → factoringusing
2
x 2 + y 2 - 14x + 2y = -14
Given:
x 2 + y 2 - 14x + 2y = -14
x 2 - 14x + y 2 + 2y = -14 → grouping
x 2 - 14x + 49 + y 2 + 2y + 1 = -14 + 49 + 1 → factoring using completing
Solution:
the squares
( x - 7) + ( y + 1) = 36
2 2
Example 4 The point (3,4) lies on the circle whose center is at (-1,2).
Write the standard form of the equation of this circle.
Solution: The radius of the circle is the distance between (-1,2)
and (3,4).
( x - h) + ( y -k )
2 2
r= → Distance Formula
= 3 - ( -1) + ( 4 - 2 )
2 2
→ Substitute for x,y,h, and k
= 42 +22 → Simplify
= 16 + 4 → Simplify
= 20 → Radius
( x -h ) + ( y -k ) = r 2
2 2
→ Equation of circle
x - ( -1) + ( y - 2 ) = ( )
2 2 2
20 → Substitute for h,k, and r.
( x +1) + ( y - 2 ) = 20
2 2
→ Standard form
Example 5
A circular walkway is to be built around a monument, with the
monument as the center. The distance from the monument to any
point on the inner boundary of the walkway is 30 feet.
7 ft
Solution:
a. Substitute the given center(0,0) and the radius r=30 to the
standard form of a circle:
x 2 + y 2 = 302 → x 2 + y 2 = 900
the inner boundary can be described by the equation x 2 + y 2 = 900.
x 2 + y 2 = 372 → x 2 + y 2 = 1369
the outer boundary can be described by the equation x 2 + y 2 = 1369.
What’s More
A. Find the standard form and the general form of the equation of
each circle.
1. Center (0, 0) and radius r = 4
B. Find the center and radius of the circle having the given equation.
1. x 2 + y 2 = 16 2. x2 + y 2 = 23
Center: ,r = Center: ,r =
(-5, 0) (-2, 0)
(0, 0)
x x
Fill in the blanks. Supply the appropriate terms to complete the thought of
the statement.
A 1._________is the set of all points in a plane that are located a fixed
distance from a fixed point called its 2._________.
A line segment joining the center of a circle to one of its points is called
the 3. _________ of the circle.
The standard equation of a circle is 4. while its
general form is 5.
What I Can Do
Rubrics:
Assessment
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
and radius?
2 5
a. center : -4, ,radius = 4.5 c. center : -3, ,radius = 5.5
5 4
2 3
b.center : -5, ,radius = 3.5 d. center : -2, ,radius = 6.5
3 4
2. What is the standard equation of a circle with center (-5,-6) and radius
7?
a. x 2 + y 2 + 6x +10y = -14 c. x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 8y = -10
b. x 2 + y 2 +10x +12y = -12 d. x 2 + y 2 + 7x + 6y = -15
radius?
1 1 3 5
a. b. c. d.
4 2 4 2
4. What is the standard equation of a circle with center at (5,6), through
(9,4)?
a. ( x + 5 ) + ( y - 6 ) =10 c. ( x - 5 ) + ( y + 6 ) = 30
2 2 2 2
b. ( x - 5 ) + ( y - 6 ) = 20 d. ( x + 5 ) + ( y + 6 ) = 40
2 2 2 2
radius.
Additional Activities
A. Find the standard form and general form of the equation of each
circle.
1. Center (1, 3) and radius r =
7
2
Standard form: General form:
B. Find the center and the radius of a circle having the given
equation.
1. x + ( y - 2 ) = 2 5 ( x +1)2 + y 2 = 1 2
2 2
2.
Center: ,r = Center: ,r =
(-2, 4) x
(4, -3)
(-1, 2)
(6, -4)
x
SUMMATIVE TEST
3. What is the standard equation of the circle that has a diameter with
b. ( x + 6 ) + ( y + 5 ) = 25 d. ( x + 2 ) + ( y + 2 ) = 25
2 2 2 2
a. ( x - 3 ) + ( y + 5 ) = -100 c. ( x - 3 ) + ( y - 5 ) =100
2 2 2 2
b. ( x + 3 ) + ( y - 5 ) =100 d. ( x + 3 ) + ( y - 5 ) = -100
2 2 2 2
x 2 + y 2 + 8y = 33?
6. What is the standard equation of a circle with center (-2,3) and tangent
to the line y = 8?
a. ( x + 3 ) + ( y - 2 ) =10 c. ( x - 2 ) + ( y + 7 ) =12
2 2 2 2
b. ( x - 4 ) + ( y + 3 ) =15 d. ( x + 2 ) + ( y - 3 ) = 25
2 2 2 2
7. Which of the following is the center and the radius of the equation
( x -15 ) + ( y + 20 )
2 2
= 81?
8. Given the center at (-2,3) and tangent to the line x = -10, what is the
equation of a circle?
a. ( x + 2 ) + ( y - 3 ) = 64 c. ( x - 2 ) + ( y + 3 ) = 81
2 2 2 2
b. ( x + 2 ) + ( y + 3 ) = 25 d. ( x - 2 ) + ( y - 3 ) = 36
2 2 2 2
the equation ( x - 2 ) + ( y + 9 ) = 1?
2 2
a.x 2 + y 2 = 4 c. x 2 + y 2 =16
b.y 2 = x 2 +16 d. x 2 + y 2 =1
12. A car tire has radius of 9 inches. How far does the car travels after 20
tire rotations?
13. Given the equation of a circle ( x + 1) + ( y − 3) = 16, find the center and
2 2
the radius.
14. What is the equation of a circle with center (0,-4) and radius 7?
a.x 2 + y 2 + 6y = 22 c. x 2 + y 2 - 2y = 44
b.x 2 + y 2 + 8y = 33 d. x 2 + y 2 - 7y = 55
15. Given the center (3,1) and radius 5, what is the equation of a circle?
a. ( x - 4 ) + ( y +1) =16 c. ( x - 5 ) + ( y + 3 ) = 36
2 2 2 2
b. ( x + 2 ) + ( y - 2 ) = 9 d. ( x - 3 ) + ( y -1) = 25
2 2 2 2
16. Given the diameter with endpoints (-3,2) and (7,4), what is the
equation?
a. ( x - 2 ) + ( y - 3 ) = 26 c. ( x + 4 ) + ( y - 5 ) =11
2 2 2 2
2 3 4 2
a. center : ,-1 ,radius = c. center : ,3 ,radius =
3 2 3 5
5 15 1 1
b. center : ,-2 ,radius = d. center : ,-3 ,radius =
2 2 2 2
18. What is the center and the radius of a circle given the equation
2 2
19. Given the equation 2x + 2y +10x = 2y + 7, find the center and radius.
5 1
a. center : - , ,radius = 10 c. center : ( 2,6 ) ,radius = 22
2 2
1 4
b. center : - ,-1 ,radius = 5 d. center : - ,5 ,radius = 7
2 3
7 14
20. What is the equation of a circle whose center at - ,- with radius
3 3
2 5?
References
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics