Earth Atmosphere

AGENDA
Objectives Page Numbers

The Earth's structure & early atmosphere
The rock cycle
Native metals, minerals & ores
Earth & Atmosphere

Earth’s Layers
MANTLE CRUST
The thickest part of the Earth The outermost layer of the
consisting of semi-molten Earth is relatively thin and
rock called magma rocky
CORE
Made of iron and nickel. The
outer core is liquid and the
inner core is solid (up to
5,500°C)
When was the Earth formed?
The Earth formed
about 4.5 billion
years ago.
Scientists believe
that its early
atmosphere was
produced by
volcanic activity.
Early vs Modern Atmosphere
What differences can you see? Why did these changes occur?
Earth’s Attmosphere
Water Vapour
The Earth cooled after it formed. When it became cool
enough, water vapour in the atmosphere condensed to liquid
water. It fell as rain, creating the oceans.
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a very soluble gas. It dissolves readily in
water. As the oceans formed, carbon dioxide dissolved and
the amount in the atmosphere decreased.
Oxygen
Photosynthesis by primitive plants and algae caused the removal
of carbon dioxide from the air and the release of oxygen.
What are the three major rock types?
Igneous Rocks
Basalt Granite
Sedimentary Rocks
Limestone Sandstone
Metamorphic Rocks
Marble Slate
Video: Rocks and Minerals
Listen carefully & discover about how different rocks

are formed...
Rock Formation
Sedimentary Rock
A
Rocks are subjected to
weathering and erosion.
Weathering and erosion are different processes, but they occur

at the same time.
Weathering
Biological Weathering
The roots of trees can also Rabbits can burrow into a

split the rocks and make crack in a rock, making it
pieces fall off. bigger and splitting the rock.
Chemical Weathering
Acid rain, caused primarily

from burning fossil fuels, can
damage rocks. Minerals in
rocks may also react with the
rainwater.
Physical Weathering
A flowing river or strong winds can hit
into the rock and physically break it
down.
If water gets into a crack in a rock and

then freezes, it expands and pushes
the crack further apart.
Sedimentary Rock
B
After being broken down,
the sediment is transported
and deposited.
Rivers and streams transport sediment to other places such as

lakes and seas.
Sedimentary Rock
C
Once the rocks settle, a
process known as
sedimentation begins.
The rock particles form layers on the sea/lake bed.

Sedimentary Rock
D
Compaction & cementation
presses the layers and sticks
the particles together.
This process creates the sedimentary rocks.

So how do you identify sedimentary rocks easily?
layering fossils
cementation
Metamorphic Rock
E
Rocks underground get
put under high heat &
pressure.
This process changes other rocks into metamorphic rocks.

metamorphic rock
Metamorphosis sedimentary rock
Igneous Rock
F
The rocks are heated
under the surface and
become molten rock.
Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools.

Extrusive Igneous Rock
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed by the RAPID cooling of
lava on the surface of the Earth.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Will they have small or large crystals?
WHY?
• Small crystals
- the lava cools quickly so they have
little time to form
Texture?
• Small crystal → smooth
• Holes → cools so rapidly that gas is
trapped
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Intrusive igneous rocks are formed by the SLOW cooling of
magma within the crust of the Earth.
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Will they have small or large crystals?
WHY?
• Large crystals
- the magma cools slowly, allowing
minerals to collect
Texture?
• Large crystals → rough
All Rock Types
G
This process is called
uplift. It takes place with
all rock types.
Rocks can move slowly upwards, pushed up by pressure of

the rocks forming underneath.
What process occurs
at point A?
a) transportation
b) weathering
c) sedimentation
d) compaction
What process occurs
at point B?
a) transportation
b) weathering
c) sedimentation
d) compaction
What process occurs
at point C?
a) transportation
b) weathering
c) sedimentation
d) compaction
What process occurs
at point D?
a) transportation
b) weathering
c) sedimentation
d) compaction
What is/are required
at E?
a) high pressure
b) time
c) high temperature
d) all of the above
Two types of igneous
rock are formed at F.
What are they called?
a) intrusive & extrusive

b) internal & external
c) volcanic & crust
d) Tom & Jerry
What process occurs
at point G?
a) erosion
b) uplift
c) sedimentation
d) burial
Video: The 3 Types of Rocks
Complete your handouts
Rock Group Formed from How it is formed Examples
By cooling and
Lava or magma uplift (pushing Basalt
Igneous
(molten rock) through the earths Granite
surface)
Weathering and
Limestone
Erosion,
Sediments and Sandstone
Sedimentary transportation,
minerals
cementation and
compaction
Heat and pressure

Igneous rocks
changing the
and Marble
Metamorphic structure of all
sedimentary Slate
different rock types
rocks
The movement of The breakdown of
rocks rocks
plant roots,
acid rain wind, water,
burrowing
heat, ice
animals
Rock Group Formed from How it is formed Examples
By cooling and uplift Basalt

Lava or magma Molten rocks cool Basalt
Igneous Lava or magma (pushing through the
(molten rock) down
earths surface) Granite
Granite
Weathering and Limestone

Sediments are Limestone
Sediments
Sedimentsand Erosion, transportation, Sandstone
Sedimentary minerals
compacted and
cementation and Sandstone
cemented together
compaction
Heat and pressure
changing
High the structure
heat &
Metamorphic Otherrocks
Igneous rockand of all different rock
Marble
Marble
sedimentary
types rocks pressure
types
Slate
Slate
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
Magma is found inside the Earth’s surface, lava is found on

the outside.
Weathering
Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔
Granite is formed from magma, so it cools slowly.
Basalt is formed from lava, so it cools quickly.

Fossils would be destroyed by the high heat (and pressure)
required to form those rocks.
Rocks on the surface are weathered and once

underground can be heated to become molten.
Once this molten rock cools, it becomes igneous rock.
A naturally occuring inorganic solid found within the Earth. Minerals can be
elements or compounds.
SHINY
DULL
Naturally occurring rocks that contain metals or metal compounds
in sufficient amounts to make it worthwhile extracting them.
Metals found uncombined in nature. Due to their low reactivity, they do not
form compounds such as, oxides or carbonates.
gold silver platinum

Which of the following are not a
rock type?
a) sediment
b) magma
c) fossils
d) all of the above
Which two processes form sediments?
a) transportation and uplift
b) weathering and erosion
c) erosion and melting
d) Dwayne Johnson’s muscles
Gold is an example of....
a) an ore
b) an oxide
c) a native metal
d) a dull rock
Bauxite is an example of....
a) an ore
b) Thanos’ glove
c) a native metal
d) a sedimentary rock
The Rock Cycle Activity
Next Week: Polymers & Ceramics
Please bring your chemistry textbooks

Earth Atmosphere

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Earth Atmosphere

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Earth Atmosphere

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AGENDA

Objectives Page Numbers

Earth & Atmosphere

Listen carefully & discover about how different rocks

Weathering and erosion are different processes, but they occur

The roots of trees can also Rabbits can burrow into a

Acid rain, caused primarily

If water gets into a crack in a rock and

Rivers and streams transport sediment to other places such as

The rock particles form layers on the sea/lake bed.

This process creates the sedimentary rocks.

This process changes other rocks into metamorphic rocks.

Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools.

Rocks can move slowly upwards, pushed up by pressure of

a) intrusive & extrusive

Heat and pressure

By cooling and uplift Basalt

Weathering and Limestone

Magma is found inside the Earth’s surface, lava is found on

Basalt is formed from lava, so it cools quickly.

Rocks on the surface are weathered and once

gold silver platinum

Please bring your chemistry textbooks

You might also like