CHENDHURAN

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507

ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM

PROJECT WORK 2022-2023

Done by

NAME REG NO

Report Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the

“Diploma in Automobile Engineering” of the
Directorate of technical education,
Government of TamilNadu

Under the Guidance of

Mr.S.SUSHANTH B.E.,
LECTURER

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

CHENDHURAN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

PUDUKKOTTAI – 622507
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report titled

ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM

is a Bonafide record of work done by

Register Number: of the Department of

Automobile Engineering in partial fulfillment for the Directorate of Technical

Education, Government of Tamil Nadu during the academic year 2022-2023

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr.SG.SHELVARAJ, M.E, Ph.D.,

(LECTURER/AUTO) HOD/AUTO and PRINCIPAL

Submitted for the Board Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, we express our thanks to our esteemed chairman. Thiru

AVM SELVARAJ and beloved CEO Dr. AVM.S.KARTHICK B.E.,MBA., Ph.D
for their dynamic role and for elevation of our institution to greater heights by
providing us with all the infrastructure and other essential facilities.

Also we would like to extend our thanks to our principal & also HOD of
Mechanical Engineering Department Dr. S.G.SHELVARAJ M.E.,Ph.D for his
constant effort in helping us by providing the necessary equipment and materials
that were used to build the project.

Not the more formality but from the depth of our heart, we extend our
sincere thanks to our project guide lecturer in Department
of Mechanical Engineering for his valuable suggestions, motivation, and constant
support.

We are really indebted to our parents, faculty members and our friends for
their timely help, and for the mental and moral support. Along with their blessing
of the almighty, we will continue to feel the success.

We would like to submit our special thanks to our Department Staff

Members and Lab Instructors and other non teaching staff for their valuable
suggestions to improve the content and quality of the project.

We also exhibit our thanks to one and all who had constantly supported us
either directly or indirectly to complete in completing this project successfully.
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO
NO

ABSTRACT

I INTRODUCTION

II LITERATURE REVIEW

III SELECTION OF MATERIALS

IV PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

V COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

VI WORKING PRINCIPLE

VII DIAGRAM

VII COST ESTIMATION

VIII FEATURES

IX CONCLUSION

X REFERENCES
 ABSTRACT

Now-a-days safety is become important aspects of automobile industries.

And automation is the key which keep the safety at our fingers. In other words,
an unskilled or less exampled can handle the automobile vehicle with greater
with safety. Various accidents happen with the automobile vehicles which cause
serious injury, and inefficient braking is most probable reason. It is
incontestable, statistically proved fact, that year on year incidents involving a
reversing vehicle account for between 20-30% of all reported work-related
serious injuries or fatalities. While parking or taking reverse turn, driver unable
to see what is behind the vehicle and obviously up to what distance, eventually
vehicle strike with the obstacle behind. Presently, cars have the alarm system
where when the car gets too close to an object an alarm is triggered which
warns the driver about an object close by. But this feature has produced lot of
problems and is prone to human error. We have enhanced the facility by using
the same system but we have altered it so that the car brakes automatically when
an obstacle is close by.

1
INTRODUCTION

2
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

One of the most crucial systems used in I.C engines is the ignition
system.The compressed air-fuel mixture needs to be ignited by a mechanism in
a sparkignition engine. The ignition system accomplishes this by igniting the
fuel inside the cylinder at the conclusion of the compression stroke. A current
plug is reached by it, which is a component of the electrical system. It provides
the spark needed to properly ignite the air-fuel mixture. The igniting system
delivered current spikes at high voltages (up to 30,000 volts) to a spark plug. At
the spark plug gap, these surges cause the electric sparks. The compressed air-
fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited by a spark. Every cycle of
operation must have the proper timing for the sparking to occur at the
conclusion of the compression stroke.

The spark is advanced at high speeds or when operating at part throttle.

The mixture has time to burn and produce power since it happens a little sooner
in the cycle. The engine should run smoothly at both high and low speeds
thanks to the ignition system. It must to be lightweight, small, and easy to
maintain. It shouldn't interfere in any way.

Components of Ignition System

Battery The battery is utilised to supply the ignition system with current. The
ignition coil is then powered by this. The battery typically has a voltage of 6V
or 12V. Ignition Switch: The engine can be started or stopped with it. The
Primary Winding of the Ignition Coil is connected to one end of the switch,
while the Battery is attached to the other end.

Ignition Coil : It is the primary component of the ignition system. Its primary
function is to increase battery voltage to a level where it may generate a spark.

3
It functions as a step-up transformer and has two windings: a primary winding
with a smaller turn and a secondary winding with a larger turn.

Distributor: Used in a multi-cylinder engine, its function is to regulate the spark

in each spark plug in the proper sequence according to the firing order.

Spark Plug: The spark plug is another important part of the ignition system.
This is where the actual spark is generated for the combustion of fuel or charge.
If there is more than one spark plug, each is connected separately to the
distributor and emits the spark in sequence.

Function of the ignition system

- Generating a high-voltage electrical spark in the combustion chamber at

the proper time to burn the air-fuel mixture.

- This creates a potential difference of ~25 kV at the spark plugs.

- It supplies high ignition voltage to each spark plug in the correct

sequence.

- It adjusts the ignition timing to the speed and load of the vehicle.

- The ignition spark is adjusted to be generated when the piston is near

top dead centre.

A huge increase in the consumption of fossil fuels which took place in recent
not only leads to the threat of depletion of resources, but also to an excessive
emission of greenhouse gases. One of the important factors leading to the
exhaustion of crude oil is road transport, which is also responsible for air
pollution, especially in cities. Such status quo threatens the implementation of
sustainable development, which was formulated for the first time in a
wellknown UN report Our Common Future. This report presented a holistic
concept of human civilization. The main principle of sustainable development is

4
ensuring the intra-generational equity, i.e. equal access to basic goods for all
living people and avoiding polluting the environment (Udo et al. 2010,
Pawłowski 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2013). On the other hand, the principle of
international equity advocates frugal and efficient use of non-renewable
resources, so that future generations could have decent living conditions.
Energy suppl is one of the key problems (Sztumski 2016). Without sufficient
energy supply, human civilization would not be able to develop. Meanwhile,
acquisition of usable energy form fossil fuels leads to the emission of
greenhouse gases which induce climatic changes, thus threatening the
development of societies (Lindzen et al. 2016, Liu 2015, Żelazna et al. 2015).

Road transport is one of the factors causing a serious deterioration of air cities.
Therefore, actions are taken in order to mitigate the negative impact on the
natural and social environment (Cao et al. 2016 a,b, Chakraborty et al. 2016,
Jarzyna et al. 2014, Duran et al. 2013). Due to the fact that vehicles that run on
oil are dominant in road transport, it is justified to conduct studies of reducing
emissions of pollutants from such cars. One of the fundamental parameters
characterizing the engine operating conditions, and especially the process of
compounding a mixture, is the air fuel ratio (AFR) . The emission of basic
toxic compounds is largely determined by the value of this ratio (Fig.1). If a
mixture allowing complete fuel combustion is produced in the supply system, it
is determined as stoichiometric mixture and referred to as  = 1.0, whereas a
weak mixture is determined as the value  > 1.0, and a rich mixture  < 1.0.
Determination of the value of ratio, in addition to controlling the content of
other ingredients, enables to conclude a proper operation of the fuel supply
system.

Ecological aspect of electronic ignition and electronic injection system M.

Dziubiński Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of
Technology, Lublin, Poland corresponding author: [email protected]

5
ABSTRACT: The maintenance of vehicles generates high exhaust emissions
and particular attention should be paid to the reduction of their negative impact
on the natural environment. The paper presents selected solutions of electrical
ignition and electrical injection in the area of exhaust emissions research
conducted in real operational conditions of a vehicle. The paper described the
simulation model of characteristics ignition and injection elements influence on
exhaust emission from means of transport. The scope of investigations included
determining environmental parameters, such as the concentration of nitrogen
oxides NOx, carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO2 in exhaust gases.
Experimental tests were carried out on the test stand and real object. On the
basis of the obtained results, a diagnostic model which enables to recognize a
failure can be worked out. Keywords: exhaust fumes, injection systems, ignition
systems, combustion engine, On-board diagnostics (OBD) Obtaining adjustable
composition of mixture, where the exhaust fumes would contain least toxic
compounds, is difficult, because it leads to a compromise – it is not possible to
obtain the minimum values of all exhaust constituents. According to the
standards of the European Union, a car with spark and compression ignition
engine should meet the conditions of the content of toxic components in the
exhaust fumes

The emission standards of exhaust fumes for passenger cars according to the EU
[g/km]. The introduction of the requirements of standards of On-Board
Diagnostics (OBD) (Merkisz 2003, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) let to stricter
emission control systems of toxic components. OBD systems must be able to
recognize and record the wrong indications of systems associated with the
emission of toxic components of exhaust gases. The occurrence of damages
should be recorded and stored by the OBD system in the form of error codes.
Basic requirements of OBD include:

6
 evaluation of catalyst performance by examination of the content of
hydrocarbons in the exhaust fumes,

 monitoring of disposal system of fumes from consumable fluids,

 control of the fuel feed system and exhaust gas recirculation system

 identification and location of the absence of combustion.

The combustion of weak and layered mixtures definitely increases the tendency
of the engine to the occurrence of cycles without combustion. Due to the
increasing use of combustion systems of weak mixtures, early detection of lack
of combustion becomes extremely important. Lack of combustion is also
undesirable because of the content of unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust
fumes, which are burnt in the exhaust manifold and in the catalyst, possibly
leading to damage. The effect of the phenomenon is also a significant increase
in HC emissions (Chłopek 1999, Gronowicz 2003, Rokosch 2007).

7
LITERATURE SURVEY

8
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE SURVEY

Prof. Bhuvaneshwari Jolad, Mohnish Arora, Rohan Ganu, and Chetan Bhatia.
(2018). The main purpose of this project is to control the movement of the
vehicle using voice commands. The command is sent using an Android
application connected to the robotic vehicle through a Bluetooth module. This
system contains a transmitter that converts analogue voice commands into
digital word sequences. The receiver MAX 232 transceiver is used to decode
the received signal for serial communication with the Bluetooth module.

Hans Tiwari and Ashish Jha. (2019) This project consists of an autonomous
vehicle controlled by specific voice commands defined for a specific action.
Alexa will be used to transmit voice commands to the car. The robotic car will
be able to move according to the commands given by the user, such as turn left,
turn right, move forward, move backward, stop.

R. Veeramani, R. Madhanmohan, Deepak Prajapati, Aman Kumar, and Sidharth

Kumar. (2019) The main objective of this proposed system is to develop a
robotic car that can be controlled by human voice, speech or commands and
perform certain actions. This project aims to reduce the parking problem and
also be used in the defence sector.

Arti Paswan, Ajay Kumar Gautam, Bhartendu Vimal, Farheen and Arun Kumar
Mishra. (2019) This project developed a prototype robotic car that can be
controlled by the human voice. The prototype was developed using two
technologies, human-computer interaction (HCI) and human-robot interaction
(HRI). The project also includes the use of IOT and wireless camera.

9
P R Bhole, N L Lokhande, Manoj L Patel, V D Rathod, and P R Mahajan.
(2017) The main objective of this project is to develop a robotic car that works
with human voice to reduce human effort in driving. The proposed system also
elaborates the use of AI sensors.

Shashanki Singh, Sumedha Tode, Rekha Takalkar, Prof. Dr. S. R. Patil They
have implemented the system to control applications like window motor, seat
motor, windshield wiper etc. They also use an Arduino to measure the fuel level
with a level sensor and all these applications are automatically controlled by
voice. M Saravanan developed an “Arduino-based voice-controlled robotic
vehicle” (October 2020) The main goal of this device is to develop a robotic
vehicle that can be controlled by a person's voice. These systems are commonly
referred to as voice-controlled automation systems (SCAS). The above device is
a prototype of our design. The concept is to build a robot that is controlled by
voice commands. A cell phone is used to operate the robot; there are several
articles demonstrating contact between a robot and a smartphone. For remote
automation of the robot, a smartphone is an excellent interface. It has a variety
of useful functions. In this design, the given task is performed using an Android
application and a microcontroller. Bluetooth technology facilitates
communication between the software and the robot. The module receives the
commands sent through the channel. The goal of a voice controlled robotic
vehicle (VCRV) is to listen and respond to the user's commands.

H. Jagadish Kumar wrote “Voice Controlled Car using Arduino and Bluetooth
Module” (December 2019). The goal of this report is to build a voice controlled
car that responds to voice commands. However, improvements in the areas of
interference and range handling are needed. Simple voice commands such as
"left," "right," "forward," "back," and "stop" are used to navigate the vehicle.
These signals are sent from an Android application to the Bluetooth module. A
Bluetooth module and a control device are used to record and analyse the voice

10
input. In this proposed method, different control configurations for robots have
been studied. It shows that real manuscripts can be effectively explored and
replicated by using only speech (human voice) as a means of control

11
SELECTION OF
MATERIALS

12
 CHAPTER III

SELECTION OF MATERIALS

1.Properties:

The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied can be weight, surface
finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals,
service life, reliability etc. The following four types of principle properties of
materials decisively affect their selection

 Physical

 Mechanical

 From manufacturing point of view

 Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal

Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity,
electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc. The various Mechanical
Properties Concerned are strength in tensile, Compressive shear, bending,
torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance, impact resistance, elastic limit,
endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear resistance and sliding
properties. The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of
view are,

 Cast ability

 Weld ability

 Surface properties

 Shrinkage

13
2. Manufacturing Case

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface

qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may
demand the use of special materials.

3. Quality Required

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the

material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less
number of components which can be fabricated much more economically by
welding or hand forging the steel.

4. Availability of Material

Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes

obligatory for the designer to use some other material which though may not be
a perfect substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials and the
delivery date of product should also be kept in mind.

5. Space Consideration

Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces

involved are high and space limitations are there.

6. Cost

As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material

plays an important part and should not be ignored. Sometimes factors like scrap
utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of the designed part are involved
in the selection of proper materials.

14
PROBLEM DEFINITION

15
 CHAPTER IV

PROBLEM DEFINITION

Keys have evolved greatly in the last century. A car is vulnerable if someone
has access to the keys. Keys do not provide a high level of security. Most cars
do not require the use of a traditional key.

i. Loss of connection with the engine control unit (ECU) One of the
most common problems with car keys is loss of connection with the
ECU. When you insert your key into the ignition switch, it normally
sends a unique code to the ECU. The system recognizes this code and
allows you to start the car. Unfortunately, problems can occur with
this system. In such cases, the system does not recognize the unique
code. This in turn results in the car not starting.
ii. Incorrect placement of the key This case occurs when you place your
key in the car and then lock it. Usually, it can be in the trunk or on the
driver’s seat. This problem gets worse if you have an extra key. But
that one is then also in the glove compartment. So you can’t access
both keys and have difficulty opening your car.
iii. Loss of the key In this case, the key is not damaged or defective.
Rather, the key is untraceable. Usually, this can happen in a number of
ways. For example, it may be that you have misplaced the key. Or that
someone has stolen it. Regardless of the circumstances, this is a
problem. As a rule, you will not be able to find your way to the car.
And even if you find it, you will not be able to start the car.
iv. Damage to the key There is no doubt that car keys are durable. For
example, they don’t break off or bend easily. However, that doesn’t
mean they are immune to damage. Yes, a car key can sometimes get

16
damaged. This is especially the case if you do not take the minimum
amount of care.

17
COMPONENT
DESCRIPTION

18
 CHAPTER V

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

STEP DOW TRANSFORMER

A step-down transformer is an electrical device that reduces the voltage

of an alternating current (AC) power supply. It consists of a primary winding, a
secondary winding, and an iron core.

When an AC voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a

fluctuating magnetic field in the iron core. This magnetic field then induces a
voltage in the secondary winding but at a lower voltage level than the primary
winding.

A transformer works on the mutual induction principle, also known as

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that the magnitude of
voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

To get a deeper view of the performance of a transformer, let’s

understand its basics.

Mutual Induction

It means that a current gets induced in a coil when it comes in proximity

to a current-carrying coil having varying magnetic flux. This induced current is
directly proportional to the rate of change in current. Learn more about mutual
induction.

Faraday’s Law

According to Faraday’s Law, any change in the magnetic field near the
coil or conductor leads to the production of an electromotive force (EMF) that is
induced inside the coil due to a change in magnetic flux.

19
Transformer Construction

A transformer consists of the following main parts:

Core

The coils that are winded up on a certain material collectively form a

transformer core. These cores are made of very high permeable material that is
able to carry the flux.The core of a transformer acts as a path or channel for the
easy flow of magnetic flux.These cores are constructed using ferromagnetic
materials that have high permeability such as iron.

In transformers, we use thin metallic iron sheets instead of a single solid

core because the single solid core causes a greater generation of eddy currents
and this decreases the efficiency of a transformer.

Winding

The voltage transformers are winded with wires called coils. Here, we use
wires with less resistance and good conductivity, which is required to get good
efficiency from the transformer.Generally, copper is used in transformer
winding as it has good electrical conductivity and very low resistance in
comparison to others. It is also not expensive like gold, silver, and platinum.

Transformer Working

A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. So, when there

is a change in the current of one coil, an electric current is also induced in the
other coil in its proximity.Every transformer consists of two coils or winding:
primary and secondary. The primary winding is connected to the AC power
source and the secondary to the load.

20
 When AC current is provided to the primary winding of the coil, a
magnetic flux is generated. Through the transformer core, the magnetic field
completes its path.As the secondary winding comes in contact with this
magnetic flux, an EMF is induced on it.The strength of the generated EMF
depends on the number of turns in the winding of the secondary coil.

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the

Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc
and initially released in 2010.The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.The board has 14 digital I/O pins
(six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable.It
can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts voltages
between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same
microcontroller as the Arduino Nano board, and the same headers as the
Leonardo board.The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative
Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also
available.

The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major
redesign of the Arduino hardware and software.The Uno board was the
successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of
USB-based Arduino boards.[8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino
Uno board has now evolved to newer releases.The ATmega328 on the board
comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading new code to it
without the use of an external hardware programmer.

21
While the Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol,[1] it differs
from all preceding boards in that it does not use a FTDI USB-to-UART serial
chip. Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

SPARK PLUG

A spark plug is an electrical device used in an internal combustion engine to

produce a spark which ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
As part of the engine's ignition system, the spark plug receives high-voltage
electricity (generated by an ignition coil in modern engines and transmitted via
a spark plug wire) which it uses to generate a spark in the small gap between the
positive and negative electrodes. The timing of the spark is a key factor in the
engine's behaviour, and the spark plug usually operates shortly before the
combustion stroke commences.The spark plug was invented in 1860, however
its use only became widespread after the invention of the ignition magneto in
1902. Diesel engines use compression ignition (instead of spark ignition),
therefore they do not normally use spark plugs.

22
DIAGRAM

23
CHAPTER VI

DIAGRAM

24
WORKING PRINCIPLE

25
 CHAPTER VI

WORKING PRINCIPLE

An electronic ignition system operates within electronic circuits, typically

utilising transistors that are controlled by sensors to generate electric pulses.
These pulses, in turn, produce a high-voltage spark capable of igniting the lean
mixture in the engine, resulting in improved fuel economy and reduced
emissions. Fully controlled electronically, the electronic ignition system finds
extensive application in aircraft engines, motorcycles, bikes, and cars, serving
the same purpose as other ignition systems. Its primary function is to generate a
high-voltage spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. By
incorporating sensors, the system enhances reliability, mileage and reduces
harmful emissions, making it a preferred choice in modern automotive and
transportation technology.

26
COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER VIII

27
 COST ESTIMATION

S.No Component Qty Price

1 Transformer 1 Rs.800

2 Arduino UNO 1 Rs.1500

3 High pulse generator 1 Rs.2000

3 Spark Plug 1 Rs.250

Total Rs.4550

LABOUR COST

 Welding

 Grinding

 Power hacksaw

 gas cutting cost

OVERHEAD CHARGES:

The overhead charges are arrived by ”manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost

= Rs. 4550+ Rs. 1200

= Rs. 5750

28
Overhead Charges = 20% of the manufacturing cost

= Rs. 1150

TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges

= 4550 + 1200 + 1150

= Rs. 6900 /-

Total cost for this project = Rs. 6900 /-

29
FEATURES

CHAPTER IX

30
 FEATURES

 Lower maintenance

Electronic ignition systems require less maintenance than other systems, which
can lead to cost savings and reduced downtime.

 No moving parts

The electronic control unit (ECU) controls the electronic ignition system, which
eliminates the need for moving parts, enhancing its reliability and durability.

 Reduced emissions

This system is environmentally friendly, resulting in lower emissions,

contributing to cleaner air and reduced environmental impact.

 Improved fuel economy

Since there are no mechanical points to wear out or become maladjusted, the
timing stays more precise, which results in improved fuel economy.

 Better engine performance

The efficiency of an electronic ignition means more complete combustion,

which in turn not only makes more power, but is also more efficient (less
emissions, better fuel economy, etc.).

 Consistent, high voltage spark

The use of an electronic switch means there are fewer moving parts than in a
breaker-point ignition system while still being relatively easy to diagnose and
repair. They can also provide a consistent, high voltage spark throughout the life
of the engine, meaning fewer misfires

31
32
CONCLUSION

CHAPTER X

33
 CONCLUSION

This project was conducted to provide more safety for the cars by providing
electronic controlled ignition. In this project, The ignition is controlled by
electronic commands.These commands are sent to the ESP8266 12E through
the path created by the ESP01 router module and acts accordingly.All the
components are integrated on a single PCB to achieve compactness and good
performance. This study has achieved the goals set at the beginning of the
evaluation and is attractive because it is convienient and ergonomic to the user.
Although the developed prototype still has limitations and shortcomings, but
these limitations can be modified in the future for other applications such as
unlocking the vehicle and accessing the luxuries in the vehicle such as air
conditioner , music controller etc.

34
REFERENCES

CHAPTER XI

35
 REFERENCES

 H. Jagadish Kumar et.al wrote “Voice Controlled Car using Arduino and
Bluetooth Module” (December 2019).

 Controlling a robot using Android Interface and Voice by Kishan Raj KC,
(2012).

 M Saravanan et.al developed “Arduino Based Voice Controlled Robot

Vehicle” (October 2020).  Parichart Leechor et.al wrote “Operation of a
Radio- Controlled Car by Voice Commands” (March 2010).

 Vipul Mehta et.al gave “Robot Controlled Car Using Wi-Fi Module” (May
2016).  Mrumal. K. Pathak et. al wrote “Robot Control Design Using Android
Smartphone” (February 2015).

 Shubh Srivastava et.al contributed “Voice controlled robot car using

Arduino” (May 2020).

36