A Study of Technical Aspects in

Electric Vehicle Industry

Student Name Roll No

Nimesh Shah - 20171032
Mohammad Saif - 20171031
Mehul Upadhyay - 20171030
Meghraj Atodaria - 20171029
Manu Rastogi - 20171027
Dhairya Gupta - 20171013

Name of the Guide: Dr. Lalit Khurana

Year: 2017 -18

School of Petroleum Management,

Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University

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INTRODUCTION

Importance of Electric Vehicle Industry

After nearly a century with the internal combustion engine dominating the personal transportation
sector, it now appears that the electric vehicle is on the verge of experiencing rapid growth in both
developed and developing vehicle markets. The broad-scale adoption of the electric vehicle could
bring significant changes for society in terms of not only the technologies we use for personal
transportation, but also moving our economies away from petroleum and lessoning the
environmental footprint of transportation.

Like any transformative new technology, electric vehicles create a variety of potent economic
development challenges and opportunities. While the electric vehicle market is still at a relatively
early stage of development, it is poised to reshape industries and communities the world over.
This section provides a quick overview of the potential benefits of electric vehicles so that
economic developers can better assess what the evolution of this market will mean to their
specific local communities.

At this point it is difficult to reliably estimate the total job creation potential of electric vehicles.
More electric vehicles, however, would also likely lead to some job losses in the oil and gas
industry. With that said, there is good reason to expect that electrification of personal
transportation can drive job creation in a host of industries. More efficient automobiles require
more technology, which are designed and produced by adding workers to the auto industry. Many
of these jobs would be created in industrial sectors closely tied to auto manufacturing, advanced
batteries, and research and development.

Moreover, electric vehicles are much cheaper to operate than conventional vehicles. Drivers who
switch to electric vehicles will have more disposable income to spend in other sectors of the
economy, such as housing and services. Spending in these sectors keeps more wealth moving
within local economies and will drive job creation in sectors not immediately connected to
producing electric vehicles.

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These ideas are summed up in the different types of job creation. Direct jobs are created through
increased production by firms that make PEVs, PEV components, and PEV infrastructure. Indirect
jobs are those tied to firms that supply to these direct producers. Further, higher employment in
direct and indirect jobs leads to more spending in the broader economy. These create induced jobs
in industries like food, clothing, and entertainment. One leading estimate of total job creation from
PEVs direct, indirect, and induced is that provided by the BlueGreen Alliance/American
Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. The organization predicts that the new federal vehicle
standards passed in 2012 will result in the creation of 570,000 jobs, including 50,000 in vehicle
manufacturing.

Significance of Technology in the Electric Vehicle Industry

This project investigates the role of technology used for the existing electric vehicles and being
developed for the future electric vehicles. It is argued that the potential for the electric vehicle will
be stunted without adequate attention being paid to standards, not only in terms of the speed of its
uptake and smoothness of this transition, but also in terms of maintaining compatibility between
jurisdictions, safety of the public, and helping to ensure environmental sustainability. We
highlight a number of areas where new or adaptations of current standards, training and
certification may be needed, notably in terms of batteries and charging infrastructures, electricity
distribution and accounting for the environmental characteristics of this electricity, and different
aspects of vehicle-to-grid and smart grid technologies.

Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Improves Quality of Life

Early adopters of electric vehicles face significant constraints in where they can live and work.
Before charging infrastructure becomes widespread, communities that can offer adequate charging
locations and PEV purchase incentives will have an advantage in attracting and retaining workers
who want to make the switch to electrified transportation. Critically, from an economic
development perspective, there is good reason to expect that early adopters of electric vehicles
will also be highly talented workers.

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Surveys by the University of Michigan and Pike Research found that the more education a person
has, the more likely he or she is to be interested in purchasing a plug-in hybrid vehicle.6 Those
with higher income are also more likely to purchase a PEV. However, a Deloitte survey found that
even these early adopters are sensitive to government incentives and overall cost considerations.
Thus, communities that adopt charging infrastructure and offer purchase incentives can strengthen
their appeal to these educated, wealthier workers.

Electric Vehicles Can Reduce Reliance on Foreign Oil

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, over 80 percent of the cost of a gallon
of gas immediately leaves the local economy.9 Further, higher gas prices means retailers typically
charge a lower markup in an attempt to compete, thereby reducing local profits even more. Most
communities are not significant producers of oil and gas for personal transportation, which means
that when local residents spend money at the gas pump, much of that wealth exits the local
economy.

Savings on gas can add up to significant benefits to regional economies. Not all of the savings will
be spent locally, but even a fraction of what is spent annually on personal transportation has the
potential to bolster job growth and build wealth within local economies. A study by the California
Electric Transportation Coalition found that each dollar saved from gas spending and spent on
other household goods and services generates 16 jobs in the state. A few specific examples
underscore how significant the import substitution effect of electric vehicles can be. New Yorkers
drive much less than the average U.S. metro resident, which keeps $19 billion each year flowing
within the local economy. In Portland, Oregon, residents drive only four miles less per day than
the national urban average, but the fuel savings still result in $2.6 billion dollars each year staying
local.

With savings of these magnitudes being realized by trimming only a few miles off the national
driving average, it is clear that decreasing operational costs of vehicles can add up to massive
amounts of wealth staying local and creating jobs. Electric vehicles prevent local wealth from
being literally pumped away and, as these examples make clear, the gains to local economies can
be significant.

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Electric Vehicles Can Decrease Utility Prices

One potential future technology allows vehicles to feed electricity back into the grid, a reverse
charge system known as vehicle to grid (V2G). Peak hours of electricity demand generally
occur in the early to mid-afternoon, when most commuter vehicles are sitting idle and can feed
power back into the grid. Conversely, electric vehicles are generally charging in the later-evening,
overnight, and in the early morning, when there is excess generation capacity in the grid. As a
result, large-scale deployment of electric vehicles will allow utilities to dispense with power
plants that are currently only needed to satisfy peak demand, a prospect that could substantially
decrease operating costs and therefore utility rates. Further, V2G can accommodate greater use of
clean energy. Electric vehicles primarily charge from late afternoon to early morning, a period
during which a greater portion of energy is generated from clean energy resources such as wind.

OBJECTIVES & METHODOLOGY

Primary Objective:

The main objective of this study is to understand the technological aspects of the electric
vehicle industry.

Secondary Objective:

To understand the various technologies being used in Electric Vehicle Industry.

To know the effect caused by introduction of technology in various activities of Electric
Vehicle Industry.
To understand the future aspects of the technological upgradation in Electric Vehicles.
To understand the importance of technology in efficient management of Electric Vehicle
Industry.

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Methodology:

First, we analyse various research papers and data collected through secondary sources and study
in detail the various current technology in electric vehicles and the breakthrough technologies that
can be expected in future. We would also find out the various complexities and constraints in the
expansion of electric vehicles caused due to technological limitations.
Further we also analyse a case on Telsa and the technological disruption caused by the company
in the world of electric vehicles.

Data Collection Method: For this project we will be collecting secondary data from various
online sources, research papers, books, publications, infographics and news articles. We will also
collect primary data via online survey to understand the perspective of general public about the
present technology and the problems in the technology and their outlook towards electric vehicles
in general.

Scope of study:

The study is confined to the technologies used in Electric Vehicles Industry.

Analysis tools:

In this study, the qualitative/ quantitative data from the secondary sources will be analysed,
interpreted and summarized to understand the existing and the future technological aspects of the
electric vehicles using various data analytics tools and the areas of importance to be focused upon
for the electric vehicle industry.

Limitations of the Study

An electric vehicle is a relatively new concept in the world of the automotive industry. In India
there have been speculations about using electric vehicle technology in some very basic needs like
electric auto rickshaw, gearless bikes and public mode of transport such as buses which are
helping people to commute. But the real facts and figures of the success of such vehicle on a mass

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scale in a developing economy will be seen in the dearth of the future when such vehicles
completely overtake the rising demands of combustible engine. The study is confined to the
information available on the internet, research papers, publications, books, news articles and
surveys to gauge the technological aspects related to the electric vehicle industry.

Desired Outcome of Project

This project is aimed at understanding and outlining the complex technological aspects of the
future vehicles. This project will also try and summarize the current technology and specifications
of the combustion engine vehicles as compared to the future and current electric vehicles in terms
of engine design, emissions, maintenance, battery life, charging time, cost of operating, distance
range, charging time, etc. Also aligning to the Make in India plan of the Government of India we
would likely to learn about the strategic advantage that our country has to produce such vehicles
so that there are possibilities of employment of particular set of skilled labour.

TIME LINE

Activity Time Period

Proposal/Write up 03rd November 06th November
Outline of the report 07th November 15th November
Collection of the raw data 15th November 20th November
Processing & Summarizing 20th November 25th November
Preparing the final report 25th November 03rd December
Final Submission of report 04th December

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