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    Chapter 1 Functions

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    priyabunma
    The document provides an overview of functions including definitions, key concepts like domain and range, and examples of common functions. It also covers trigonometric functions, including definitions of sine, cosine, and tangent and evaluating these functions for standard angle values. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating functions and trig functions for given values.

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    Chapter 1 Functions

    Uploaded by

    priyabunma
    6 views32 pages
    The document provides an overview of functions including definitions, key concepts like domain and range, and examples of common functions. It also covers trigonometric functions, including definitions of sine, cosine, and tangent and evaluating these functions for standard angle values. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating functions and trig functions for given values.

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    The document provides an overview of functions including definitions, key concepts like domain and range, and examples of common functions. It also covers trigonometric functions, including definitions of sine, cosine, and tangent and evaluating these functions for standard angle values. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating functions and trig functions for given values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views32 pages

    Chapter 1 Functions

    Uploaded by

    priyabunma
    The document provides an overview of functions including definitions, key concepts like domain and range, and examples of common functions. It also covers trigonometric functions, including definitions of sine, cosine, and tangent and evaluating these functions for standard angle values. Examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating functions and trig functions for given values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 32

    XBCS1013 CALCULUS

    Chapter 1:
    Functions
    Part 1

    Hemavathi Ramulu
    Department of Computing
    School of Computing & Creative Media
    KDU University College
    Outline
     Review of functions
     Trigonometry functions
    Review of Functions
    Function
    A function f is a rule that assigns to each value x in a set D
    a unique value denoted f(x). The set D is the domain of the
    function. The range is the set of all values of f(x) produced
    as x varies over the entire domain.
    If f is a function that maps elements of set X to elements
    of set Y.

    1
    2
    2
    4
    3
    6
    4 8
    5 10

    Set X is the domain Set Y is the range

    - Set X is the domain of the function.


    - The set of images in Y is the range of f.
    - The set of all the elements of Y is called the codomain.
    Function
    A function is a special kind of relation where each element
    of set X is related to one and only one element of Y.

    x y x y

    1 5 1
    5
    2 6 2
    6
    3 7 3
    7
    4 8 4
    Vertical Line Test:
    If the vertical line cuts the graph at exactly one point, then the
    graph is a function.
    If the vertical line cuts the graph at more than one point, then
    the graph is not a function.
    Vertical Line Test for Functions
    Do the graphs represent y as a function of x?

    no yes yes
    COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS gof

    X Y Z

    f g
    x f(x) g[f(x)]

    gof
    Example 1:

    1) g(x) = -x2 + 4x + 1
    Find: a. g(2)

    b. g(t)
    c. g(x+2)

    d. g(x + h)

    2)  x 2  1, x  0
    f ( x)   
     x  1, x  0 
    Evaluate at x = -1, 0, 1
    Example 2:
    1
    Let f  x   3 x  x and g  x   . Simply the following
    2

    x
    expressions.
    a) f  5 p  1
    1
    b) g  
    x
    c) f  g  x  
    d) g  f  x  
    Secant Lines and the Difference Quotient
    A line through any two points on the a curve is called a
    secant line.

    The slope of the secant line through P and Q, which is


    denoted msec and is given by

    change in y f  x  h   f  x  also known as a


    msec   difference quotient
    change in x  x  h  x
    Example 3: Simply the difference quotient for
    f(x) = x2 – 4x + 7.
    Solution : f ( x  h)  f ( x )
    h
    [( x  h)  4( x  h)  7]  [ x  4 x  7]
    2 2

    h
    x  2 xh  h  4 x  4h  7  x  4 x  7
    2 2 2

    h
    2 xh  h  4h
    2
    h(2 x  h  4)
      = 2x + h - 4
    h h
    Analyzing Graphs of Functions
    Example 4:
    Find:
    a. the domain [-1,4)
    (2,4)
    b. the range [-5,4]

    c. f(-1) = -5 (4,0)

    d. f(2) = 4

    (-1,-5)
    Increasing and Decreasing Functions

    -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

    1. The function is decreasing on the interval (-2, 0).


    2. The function is constant on the interval (0, 3).
    3. The function is increasing on the interval (3, 5).
    A function f is increasing on an interval if, for any
    x1 and x2 in the interval,
    x1 < x2 implies f(x1) < f(x2)

    A function f is decreasing on an interval if, for any


    x1 and x2 in the interval,
    x1 < x2 implies f(x1) > f(x2)

    A function f is constant on an interval if, for any


    x1 and x2 in the interval,
    f(x1) = f(x2)
    Summary of Graphs of Common Functions

    f(x) = c

    y=x
    y x

    y=x3
    y x y = x2
    Trigonometric Functions
    SOHCAHTOA
    Here is a way to remember how to B
    make the 3 basic Trig Ratios Hypotenuse
    Opposite
    A
    Adjacent
    1) Identify the Opposite and Adjacent
    sides for the appropriate angle.

    2) SOHCAHTOA is pronounced “Sew Caw Toe A” and it


    means
    Sin is Opposite over Hypotenuse, Cos is Adjacent over
    Hypotenuse, and Tan is Opposite over Adjacent

    Put the underlined letters to make


    SOH-CAH-TOA
    Standard Angle Values

    Angle 0 30 45 60 90
    Sine 0 1 2 3 4
    2 2 2 2 2
    Cosine
    4 3 2 1 0
    2 2 2 2 2

    Tangent 0 1 2 3 4
    4 3 2 1 0
    Example 1:
    First we will find the Sine, Cosine and
    Tangent ratios for Angle P.
    P
    Next we will find the Sine, Cosine, and 20
    12
    Tangent ratios for Angle Q.
    Adjacent
    Q
    16
    Opposite

    16 12
    Sin P  Sin Q 
    20 20

    16

    12
    Cos Q 
    Cos P 20 20

    12

    16
    Tan Q 
    Tan P 12 16

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