HEAT TRANSFER (CHE F241)

Assignment – 2 (Marks – 15) Submission Date: May 06, 2024; 11:30 AM

1. Water at the rate of 1.3 kg/s is to be heated from 60◦F to 100◦F in a 2.5-cm-diameter tube. The tube wall is maintained at
a constant temperature of 40◦C. Calculate the length of tube required for the heating process.
2. Engine oil enters a 1.25-cm-diameter tube 3 m long at a temperature of 38◦C. The tube wall temperature is maintained at
65◦C, and the flow velocity is 30 cm/s. Estimate the total heat transfer to the oil and the exit temperature of the oil.
3. Water at an average temperature of 10◦C flows in a 2.5-cm-diameter tube 6 m long at a rate of 0.4 kg/s. The pressure drop
is measured as 3 kPa. A constant heat flux is imposed, and the average wall temperature is 50◦C. Estimate the exit
temperature of the water.
4. Water at the rate of 0.4 kg/s is to be cooled from 71 to 32◦C. Which would result in less pressure drop—to run the water
through a 12.5-mm-diameter pipe at a constant temperature of 4◦C or through a constant-temperature 25-mm-diameter
pipe at 20◦C?
5. Liquid water is to be heated from 60◦F to 120◦F in a smooth tube. The tube has an electric heat supplied that provides a
constant heat flux such that the tube wall temperature is always 30◦F above the water bulk temperature. The Reynolds
number used for calculating the heat-transfer coefficient is 100,000. Calculate the length of tube required for heating,
expressed in meters, if the tube has a diameter of 0.5 cm.
6. Air at 110 kPa and 40◦C enters a 6.0-mm-diameter tube with a mass flow rate of 8 × 10−5 kg/s. The tube wall temperature
is maintained constant at 140◦C. Calculate the exit air temperature for a tube length of 14 cm.
7. Water enters a 3.0-cm-diameter tube at 15◦C and leaves at 38◦C. The flow rate is 1.0 kg/s and the tube wall temperature
is 60◦C. Calculate the length of the tube.
8. Air at 200 kPa blows across a 20-cm-diameter cylinder at a velocity of 25 m/s and temperature of 10◦C. The cylinder is
maintained at a constant temperature of 80◦C. Calculate the heat transfer and drag force per unit length.
9. A vertical cylinder 1.8 m high and 7.5 cm in diameter is maintained at a temperature of 93◦C in an atmospheric environment
of 30◦C. Calculate the heat lost by free convection from this cylinder. For this calculation the cylinder may be treated as a
vertical flat plate.
10. A 1-m-square vertical plate is maintained at 49◦C and exposed to room air at 21◦C. Calculate the heat lost by the plate.
11. A horizontal cylindrical heater with d = 2 cm is placed in a pool of sodium-potassium mixture with 22 percent sodium. The
mixture is at 120◦C, and the heater surface is constant at 200◦C. Calculate the heat transfer for a heater 40 cm long.
12. A horizontal pipe 8.0 cm in diameter is located in a room where atmospheric air is at 25◦C. The surface temperature of the
pipe is 140◦C. Calculate the free-convection heat loss per meter of pipe.
13. A spherical balloon gondola 2.4 m in diameter rises to an altitude where the ambient pressure is 1.4 kPa and the ambient
temperature is −50◦C. The outside surface of the sphere is at approximately 0◦C. Estimate the free-convection heat loss
from the outside of the sphere. How does this compare with the forced-convection loss from such a sphere with a low free-
stream velocity of approximately 30 cm/s?
14. A small copper block having a square bottom 2.5 by 2.5 cm and a vertical height of 5 cm cools in room air at 1 atm and
15◦C. The block is isothermal at 100◦C. Calculate the heat-transfer rate.
15. A magnetic amplifier is encased in a cubical box 15 cm on a side and must dissipate 50 W to surrounding air at 20◦C.
Estimate the surface temperature of the box.
16. A surface has the emissive characteristics shown in Figure P8-13. Calculate the emissive power for the surface maintained
at 2000 K.

17. Two parallel planes 90 by 60 cm are separated by a distance of 60 cm. One plane is maintained at a temperature of 800 K
and has an emissivity of 0.6. The other plane is insulated. The planes are placed in a large room that is maintained at 290 K.
Calculate the temperature of the insulated plane and the energy lost by the heated plane.
18. Two large parallel planes having emissivities of 0.3 and 0.5 are maintained at temperatures of 900 K and 400 K,
respectively. A radiation shield having an emissivity of 0.05 on both sides is placed between the two planes. Calculate (a) the
heat-transferrate per unit area if the shield were not present, (b) the heat-transfer rate per unit area with the shield
present, and (c) the temperature of the shield.
19. Two long concentric cylinders have diameters of 4 and 8 cm, respectively. The inside cylinder is at 800◦C and the outer
cylinder is at 100◦C. The inside and outside emissivities are 0.8 and 0.4, respectively. Calculate the percent reduction in heat
transfer if a cylindrical radiation shield having a diameter of 6 cm and emissivity of 0.3 is placed between the two cylinders.
20. A vertical plate 40 by 40 cm is exposed to saturated vapor ammonia at 38◦C and the plate surface is maintained
constant at 30◦C. Calculate the condensation rate if hfg= 1111 kJ/kg at 38◦C.
21. Saturated steam at 100 lb/in2 abs condenses on the outside of a horizontal 1-in- diameter tube. The tube wall
temperature is maintained at 280◦F. Calculate the heat-transfer coefficient and the condensate flow per unit length of tube.
Take Tsat = 328◦Fand hfg= 889 Btu/lb.
22. Refrigerant 12 (CCl2F2) is condensed inside a horizontal 12-mm-diameter tube ata low vapor velocity. The condensing
temperature is 32.2◦ C and the tube wall is at 26.7◦ C. Calculate the mass condensed per meter = of tube length. hfg 133.5
◦
kJ/kg at 32.2 C.
23. Water at 4 atm pressure flows inside a 2-cm-diameter tube under local boiling conditions where the tube wall
temperature is 12◦C above the saturation temperature. Estimate the heat transfer in a 60-cm length of tube.
24. Hot exhaust gases are used in a finned-tube cross-flow heat exchanger to heat 2.5 kg/s of water from 35 to 85◦C. The
· coefficient is 180 W/m2 ◦C. Calculate the area of
gases [cp 1.09 kJ/kg ◦C] enter at 200 and leave at 93◦C. The overall heat-transfer
the heat exchanger using (a) the LMTD approach and (b) the effectiveness-NTU method.
25. A counterflow double-pipe heat exchanger is to be used to heat 0.7 kg/s of water from 35 to 90◦C with an oil flow of 0.95 kg/s.
The oil has a specific heat of 2.1 kJ/kg ◦Cand enters the heat exchanger at a temperature of 175◦C. The overall heat-transfer
coefficient is 425 W/m2 ◦C. Calculate the area of the heat exchanger and its effectiveness.
26. A feedwater heater uses a shell-and-tube exchanger with condensing steam in oneshell pass at 120◦C. Water enters the
tubes at 30◦C and makes four passes to produce an overall U value of 2000 W/m2 ◦C. Calculate the area of the exchangerfor
2.5-kg/s mass flow of the water, with a water exit temperature of 100◦·C.
27. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger has condensing steam at 100◦C in the shell side with one shell pass. Two tube passes are
used with air in the tubes entering at 10◦C. The total surface area of the exchanger is 30 m2 and the overall heat-transfer
coefficient may be taken as 150 W/m2 ◦C. If the effectiveness of the exchanger is 85 percent, what is the total heat-transfer
rate? ·
28. High-pressure hot water at 120◦C is used to heat an oil from 30 to 40◦C. The waterleaves the counterflow heat exchanger at
a temperature of 90◦C. If the total area of the heat exchanger is 5 m2, calculate the effectiveness of the exchanger. What
would be the effectiveness if a parallel-flow exchanger were used with the same area?
29. Water at 90◦C enters a double-pipe heat exchanger and leaves at 55◦C. It is used toheat a certain oil from 25 to 50◦C.
Calculate the effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
30. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with four shell passes and eight tube passes is used to heat 3 kg/s of water from 10 to 30◦C in
the shell side by cooling 3 kg/s of waterfrom 80 to 60◦C in the tube side. If U =1000 W/m2·◦C, calculate the area of the
heat exchanger.