SUBJECT CODE : 310254(C)

As per Revised Syllabus of

Savitribai Phule Pune University
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
T.E. (Computer) Semester - VI Elective - II

Cloud Computing

Iresh A. Dhotre
M.E. (Information Technology)
Ex-Faculty, Sinhgad College of Engineering,
Pune.

® ®
TECHNICAL
PUBLICATIONS
SINCE 1993 An Up-Thrust for Knowledge

(i)
Cloud Computing

Subject Code : 310254(C)

T.E. (Computer Engineering) Semester - VI Elective - II

ã Copyright with Author

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Preface
The importance of Cloud Computing is well known in various engineering fields.
Overwhelming response to my books on various subjects inspired me to write this book. The
book is structured to cover the key aspects of the subject Cloud Computing.
The book uses plain, lucid language to explain fundamentals of this subject. The book
provides logical method of explaining various complicated concepts and stepwise methods
to explain the important topics. Each chapter is well supported with necessary illustrations,
practical examples and solved problems. All the chapters in the book are arranged in a
proper sequence that permits each topic to build upon earlier studies. All care has been
taken to make students comfortable in understanding the basic concepts of the subject.
Representative questions have been added at the end of each section to help the
students in picking important points from that section.
The book not only covers the entire scope of the subject but explains the philosophy of
the subject. This makes the understanding of this subject more clear and makes it more
interesting. The book will be very useful not only to the students but also to the subject
teachers. The students have to omit nothing and possibly have to cover nothing more.
I wish to express my profound thanks to all those who helped in making this book a
reality. Much needed moral support and encouragement is provided on numerous
occasions by my whole family. I wish to thank the Publisher and the entire team of
Technical Publications who have taken immense pain to get this book in time with quality
printing.
Any suggestion for the improvement of the book will be acknowledged and well
appreciated.

Author
I. A. Dhotre

Dedicated to God.

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Syllabus
Cloud Computing - 310254(C)
Credit : Examination Scheme :

Mid-Semester (TH) : 30 Marks

03
End-Semester (TH) : 70 Marks

Unit I Introduction to Cloud Computing

Importance of Cloud Computing, Characteristics, Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing, Migrating
into the Cloud, Seven-step model of migration into a Cloud, Trends in Computing. Cloud Service
Models : SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, Storage. Cloud Architecture : Cloud Computing Logical Architecture,
Developing Holistic Cloud Computing Reference Model, Cloud System Architecture, Cloud
Deployment Models. (Chapter - 1)

Unit II Data Storage and Cloud Computing

Data Storage : Introduction to Enterprise Data Storage, Direct Attached Storage, Storage Area
Network, Network Attached Storage, Data Storage Management, File System, Cloud Data Stores,
Using Grids for Data Storage. Cloud Storage : Data Management, Provisioning Cloud storage, Data
Intensive Technologies for Cloud Computing. Cloud Storage from LANs to WANs : Cloud
Characteristics, Distributed Data Storage. (Chapter - 2)

Unit III Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Introduction : Definition of Virtualization, Adopting Virtualization, Types of Virtualization,
Virtualization Architecture and Software, Virtual Clustering, Virtualization Application, Pitfalls of
Virtualization. Grid, Cloud and Virtualization : Virtualization in Grid, Virtualization in Cloud,
Virtualization and Cloud Security. Virtualization and Cloud Computing : Anatomy of Cloud
Infrastructure, Virtual infrastructures, CPU Virtualization, Network and Storage Virtualization.
(Chapter - 3)

Unit IV Cloud Platforms and Cloud Applications

Amazon Web Services (AWS) : Amazon Web Services and Components, Amazon Simple DB, Elastic
Cloud Computing (EC2), Amazon Storage System, Amazon Database services (Dynamo DB).
Microsoft Cloud Services : Azure core concepts, SQL Azure, Windows Azure Platform Appliance.
Cloud Computing Applications : Healthcare : ECG Analysis in the Cloud, Biology : Protein
Structure Prediction, Geosciences : Satellite Image Processing, Business and Consumer Applications
: CRM and ERP, Social Networking, Google Cloud Application : Google App Engine. Overview of
OpenStack architecture. (Chapter - 4)

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Unit V Security in Cloud Computing
Risks in Cloud Computing : Risk Management, Enterprise-Wide Risk Management, Types of Risks
in Cloud Computing. Data Security in Cloud : Security Issues, Challenges, advantages,
Disadvantages, Cloud Digital persona and Data security, Content Level Security. Cloud Security
Services : Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability, Security Authorization Challenges in the Cloud,
Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Secure Cloud Software Testing. (Chapter - 5)

Unit VI Advanced Techniques in Cloud Computing

Future Trends in cloud Computing, Mobile Cloud, Automatic Cloud Computing : Comet Cloud.
Multimedia Cloud : IPTV, Energy Aware Cloud Computing, Jungle Computing, Distributed Cloud
Computing Vs Edge Computing, Containers, Docker, and Kubernetes, Introduction to DevOps. IOT
and Cloud Convergence : The Cloud and IoT in your Home, The IOT and cloud in your
Automobile, PERSONAL : IoT in Healthcare. (Chapter - 6)

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Table of Contents
Unit - I
Chapter - 1 Introduction to Cloud Computing (1 - 1) to (1 - 34)
1.1 Overview of Cloud Computing ........................................................................ 1 - 2
1.1.1 Cloud Components ....................................................................................... 1 - 3
1.2 Importance of Cloud Computing..................................................................... 1 - 4
1.2.1 Characteristics of Cloud Computing ............................................................ 1 - 5
1.2.2 Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing ............................................................. 1 - 5
1.2.3 Cloud Applications ....................................................................................... 1 - 6
1.3 Migrating into the Cloud ................................................................................. 1 - 7
1.4 Seven-step Model of Migration into a Cloud .................................................. 1 - 9
1.5 Trends in Computing ..................................................................................... 1 - 10
1.6 Cloud Service Models .................................................................................... 1 - 11
1.6.1 Software as a Service (SaaS) ...................................................................... 1 - 12
1.6.2 Platform as a Service (PaaS)....................................................................... 1 - 13
1.6.3 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ............................................................... 1 - 15
1.6.4 Difference between IaaS, PaaS and SaaS ................................................... 1 - 16
1.7 Cloud Computing Logical Architecture ......................................................... 1 - 17
1.7.1 Cloud Computing Service Architecture ...................................................... 1 - 19
1.8 Developing Holistic Cloud Computing Reference Model.............................. 1 - 20
1.8.1 Complete View of Cloud Management ...................................................... 1 - 21
1.8.2 Cloud Computing Reference Model ........................................................... 1 - 22
1.9 Cloud System Architecture .......................................................................... 1 - 24
1.9.1 Single Cloud Site Architectures ................................................................... 1 - 25
1.9.2 Redundant 3-Tier Architecture ................................................................... 1 - 25
1.9.3 Multi-Data Centre Architecture .................................................................. 1 - 26
1.10 Cloud Deployment Models .......................................................................... 1 - 27
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 1.10.1 Difference between Public and Private Cloud ............................................ 1 - 30
1.11 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers ..................................................... 1 - 30
Unit - II
Chapter - 2 Data Storage and Cloud Computing (2 - 1) to (2 - 28)
2.1 Introduction to Enterprise Data Storage ........................................................ 2 - 2
2.1.1 Direct Attached Storage ............................................................................... 2 - 2
2.1.2 Storage Area Network .................................................................................. 2 - 3
2.1.3 Network - attached Storage ......................................................................... 2 - 5
2.1.4 Comparison between NAS and SAN ............................................................. 2 - 9
2.1.5 Comparison between DAS, NAS and SAN ................................................... 2 - 10
2.2 Data Storage Management ........................................................................... 2 - 10
2.2.1 Data Storage Management Tools ............................................................... 2 - 10
2.2.2 Storage Management Process .................................................................... 2 - 11
2.2.3 Cloud Provisioning ...................................................................................... 2 - 11
2.3 File System....................................................................................................... 2 - 12
2.3.1 FAT File System ........................................................................................... 2 - 13
2.3.2 NTFS ............................................................................................................ 2 - 13
2.3.3 Cloud File System........................................................................................ 2 - 13
2.4 Cloud Data Stores.......................................................................................... 2 - 15
2.4.1 Distributed Data Store ................................................................................ 2 - 16
2.4.2 Data Store Types ......................................................................................... 2 - 16
2.4.2.1 BigTable........................................................................................................ 2 - 16
2.4.2.2 Dynamo ........................................................................................................ 2 - 17

2.5 Using Grids for Data Storage......................................................................... 2 - 18

2.6 Cloud Storage ................................................................................................ 2 - 19
2.6.1 Data Management for Cloud Storage ......................................................... 2 - 20
2.6.2 Cloud Data Management Interface ........................................................... 2 - 21
2.6.3 Cloud Storage Requirement ....................................................................... 2 - 21
2.6.4 Provisioning Cloud Storage ......................................................................... 2 - 22

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 2.6.5 Data Intensive Technologies for Cloud Computing .................................... 2 - 23
2.7 Cloud Storage from LANs to WANs ................................................................. 2 - 24
2.7.1 Cloud Characteristics .................................................................................. 2 - 24
2.7.2 Distributed Data Storage ............................................................................ 2 - 24
2.8 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers ..................................................... 2 - 26
Unit - III
Chapter - 3 Virtualization in Cloud Computing (3 - 1) to (3 - 30)
3.1 Definition of Virtualization .............................................................................. 3 - 2
3.2 Adopting Virtualization ................................................................................... 3 - 3
3.3 Types of Virtualizations ................................................................................... 3 - 4
3.3.1 Example : Wine ............................................................................................ 3 - 5
3.3.2 Server Virtualization .................................................................................... 3 - 6
3.3.3 Operating Level Virtualization ..................................................................... 3 - 9
3.3.4 Para-Virtualization ..................................................................................... 3 - 11
3.4 Full Virtualization .......................................................................................... 3 - 12
3.4.1 Memory Virtualization ............................................................................... 3 - 13
3.4.2 I/O Virtualization........................................................................................ 3 - 14
3.4.3 Difference between Full and Para Virtualization ....................................... 3 - 15
3.5 Storage Virtualization.................................................................................... 3 - 15
3.5.1 Network Virtualization............................................................................... 3 - 18
3.6 Virtual Clustering.......................................................................................... 3 - 19
3.7 Virtualization Application.............................................................................. 3 - 20
3.8 Pitfalls of Virtualization ................................................................................. 3 - 21
3.9 Grid, Cloud and Virtualization ....................................................................... 3 - 21
3.9.1 Virtualization in Grid ................................................................................... 3 - 21
3.9.2 Virtualization in Cloud ................................................................................ 3 - 22
3.9.3 Difference between Cloud and Virtualization ............................................ 3 - 23
3.9.4 Virtualization and Cloud Security ............................................................... 3 - 23

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 3.10 Virtualization and Cloud Computing ............................................................. 3 - 25
3.10.1 Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructure................................................................ 3 - 25
3.10.2 Virtual Infrastructures ................................................................................... 3 - 26
3.10.3 CPU Virtualization.......................................................................................... 3 - 26
3.10.4 Network and Storage Virtualization .............................................................. 3 - 27
3.11 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers ..................................................... 3 - 28
Unit - IV
Chapter - 4 Cloud Platforms and Cloud Applications (4 - 1) to (4 - 32)
4.1 Amazon Web Services ..................................................................................... 4 - 2
4.1.1 Components ................................................................................................. 4 - 3
4.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of AWS ....................................................... 4 - 4
4.2 Elastic Cloud Computing ................................................................................. 4 - 4
4.2.1 Configuring Amazon EC2 Linux Instances ..................................................... 4 - 6
4.2.2 Amazon S3 .................................................................................................. 4 - 10
4.2.3 Amazon CloudWatch .................................................................................. 4 - 12
4.3 Amazon Storage System ............................................................................... 4 - 13
4.4 Amazon Database Services ........................................................................... 4 - 14
4.4.1 Dynamo DB ................................................................................................. 4 - 15
4.4.2 Difference between DynamoDB and Amazon S3 ....................................... 4 - 16
4.5 Microsoft Cloud Services : Azure .................................................................. 4 - 17
4.6 Cloud Computing Applications...................................................................... 4 - 19
4.6.1 Healthcare : ECG Analysis in the Cloud....................................................... 4 - 20
4.6.2 Biology : Protein Structure Prediction ........................................................ 4 - 21
4.6.3 Geosciences : Satellite Image Processing ................................................... 4 - 22
4.6.4 Business and Consumer Applications : CRM and ERP ................................ 4 - 23
4.6.5 Social Networking ....................................................................................... 4 - 24
4.7 Google Cloud Application : Google App Engine ............................................ 4 - 25
4.8 Overview of OpenStack Architecture ........................................................... 4 - 28
4.9 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers ..................................................... 4 - 29

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 Unit - V
Chapter - 5 Security in Cloud Computing (5 - 1) to (5 - 14)
5.1 Risks in Cloud Computing................................................................................ 5 - 2
5.1.1 Risk Management ......................................................................................... 5 - 2
5.2 Enterprise-wide Risk Management................................................................. 5 - 3
5.3 Types of Risks in Cloud Computing ................................................................. 5 - 4
5.4 Data Security in Cloud : Security Issues and Challenges ................................. 5 - 6
5.4.1 Advantages ................................................................................................... 5 - 7
5.4.2 Disadvantages ............................................................................................... 5 - 7
5.5 Content Level Security .................................................................................... 5 - 8
5.6 Cloud Security Services ................................................................................... 5 - 8
5.7 Security Authorization Challenges in the Cloud............................................ 5 - 10
5.8 Secure Cloud Software Requirements .......................................................... 5 - 11
5.9 Secure Cloud Software Testing ..................................................................... 5 - 11
5.9.1 Type of Testing in Cloud .................................................................................. 5 - 13
5.9.2 Benefit of Cloud-based Testing ...................................................................... 5 - 13
5.10 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers ..................................................... 5 - 14
Unit - VI
Chapter - 6 Advanced Techniques in Cloud Computing
(6 - 1) to (6 - 30)
6.1 Future Trends in Cloud Computing ................................................................. 6 - 2
6.1.1 Just Enough Operating System .................................................................... 6 - 2
6.2 Mobile Cloud ................................................................................................... 6 - 3
6.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages ................................................................... 6 - 5
6.2.2 Mobile Cloud Application ............................................................................ 6 - 5
6.3 Automatic Cloud Computing ........................................................................... 6 - 6
6.3.1 CometCloud ................................................................................................. 6 - 8
6.4 Multimedia Cloud............................................................................................ 6 - 9

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 6.4.1 IPTV ............................................................................................................ 6 - 11
6.5 Energy Aware Cloud Computing ................................................................... 6 - 12
6.5.1 Green Cloud ................................................................................................ 6 - 12
6.5.2 Green Computing ....................................................................................... 6 - 13
6.5.3 Energy-Saving Software Techniques........................................................... 6 - 14
6.5.4 Key Issue Related to Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency .......................... 6 - 15
6.6 Jungle Computing.......................................................................................... 6 - 16
6.7 Docker ........................................................................................................... 6 - 17
6.7.1 Process Simplification ................................................................................ 6 - 17
6.7.2 Broad Support and Adoption ..................................................................... 6 - 18
6.7.3 Architecture ............................................................................................... 6 - 19
6.7.4 Container and Kubernetes ......................................................................... 6 - 20
6.8 Introduction to DevOps ................................................................................ 6 - 23
6.9 IOT and Cloud Convergence.......................................................................... 6 - 23
6.9.1 The Cloud and IoT in your Home ................................................................ 6 - 23
6.9.1.1 Smart Lighting .......................................................................................... 6 - 24
6.9.2 The IOT and Cloud in your Automobile ...................................................... 6 - 25
6.9.2.1 Remote Vehicle Diagnostics ...................................................................... 6 - 26
6.9.3 PERSONAL : IoT in Healthcare..................................................................... 6 - 27
6.10 Multiple Choice Questions with Answers ..................................................... 6 - 28

Solved Model Question Papers (M - 1) to (M - 4)

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 Notes

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 TM

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for knowledge

 hp

Internet

hp

Data centers

Client computers

Distributed servers
 Cloud Clients
Web browser, mobile app, thin client, terminal
emulator, ...
Platform Application

SaaS
CRM, Email, virtual desktop, communication,
games, ...

PaaS
Execution runtime, database, web server,
development tools, ...
structure

IaaS
Infra

Virtual machines, servers, storage, load

balancers, network, ...
Client

Application
Client Internet

Service provider
offering SaaS
Client
 Client

Physical server
Client

Client

Enterprise
Data storage
device
Computer

User IaaS
Cloud applications Web browser Software as a service

Cloud
Cloud platform development Platform as a service
environment

Virtual
infrastructure Infrastructure as a
Cloud infrastructure
manager service

Service content Main access Service class

and management tool
 Interfaces for web 2.0

Software as a Service

Scientific applications, End user applications

User 1 Social networking
Examples : facebook, Google documents, Flickr

User 2
Platform as a Service

Runtime environment for applications

User 3
Development and data processing platforms
Examples : Windows Azure, Hadoop, Aneka
User-N

Infrastructure as a Service

Virtualized servers
Storage and networking
Examples : Amazon EC2, S3, vCloud
 DNS

Cloud

Load balancer server

Application

Database

Database (Cloud storage)

 DNS

Load balancer 1 Load balancer 2

Application 1 Application 2

Master Replication Slave

Volume Volume DB DB Volume Volume

Cloud

Snapshot
backups

Cloud storage
 DNS

Datacenter 1 Datacenter 2

Load balancer 1 Load balancer 2

Application 1 Application 2

Master Replication Slave

Volume DB DB Volume

Cloud

Snapshot
backups

Cloud storage
 Private cloud

Public cloud

(a) Private cloud (b) Public cloud

Organization 1 Organization 2
 TM

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for knowledge

 hp hp

Client LAN / WAN

Server

Storage
area
network

Disks
Server 1 Server 2

IP network

Interface for network

NFS CIFS
Operating system
Interface for storage

Storage arrays
Integrated network Windows operating systems client
attached storage

UNIX system client

 FC
Integrated network switch Fibre
attached storage channel
SAN

UNIX system client Windows operating

systems client
 Metadata

Read / Write data Location System

User
Storage Data

Access, Requirements Application

HTTP Query,
Modify that drive specific
GET / PUT URIs
ACLs data services