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    Lesson 3:: Natural Law

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    Marlan Galangue
    This document discusses natural law ethics including its key principles: that moral law comes from God's eternal law to do good and avoid evil, and that for an act to be moral it must satisfy the three natural inclinations of self-preservation, just dealings with others, and propagation of the human species. It also explains the four principles of double effect and three determinants of moral actions.

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    Lesson 3:: Natural Law

    Uploaded by

    Marlan Galangue
    11 views20 pages
    This document discusses natural law ethics including its key principles: that moral law comes from God's eternal law to do good and avoid evil, and that for an act to be moral it must satisfy the three natural inclinations of self-preservation, just dealings with others, and propagation of the human species. It also explains the four principles of double effect and three determinants of moral actions.

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    This document discusses natural law ethics including its key principles: that moral law comes from God's eternal law to do good and avoid evil, and that for an act to be moral it must satisfy the three natural inclinations of self-preservation, just dealings with others, and propagation of the human species. It also explains the four principles of double effect and three determinants of moral actions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views20 pages

    Lesson 3:: Natural Law

    Uploaded by

    Marlan Galangue
    This document discusses natural law ethics including its key principles: that moral law comes from God's eternal law to do good and avoid evil, and that for an act to be moral it must satisfy the three natural inclinations of self-preservation, just dealings with others, and propagation of the human species. It also explains the four principles of double effect and three determinants of moral actions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    LESSON 3:

    NATURAL LAW
    CECIL P. DAGA
    Teacher
    LEARNING OUTCOMES:

    • After discussing this chapter, you should be able to:


    1.Define Natural Law Ethics.
    2.Explain the Four Principles of Double Effect; and
    3.Discuss the Three Determinants of Moral Actions
    NATURAL LAW ETHICS

    “Thomistic ethics”
    “Reason” is the source of the
    moral law and that it directs us
    towards the “Good”

    • ultimate goal of the person’s actions


    • discoverable within the person’s nature.
    St.Thomas Aquinas
    “To do good and avoid evil”.
    How do we know that a person is acting rightly or
    wrongly?

    An act is morally right if it is done in


    accordance with the moral law. ?
    “Reason” is the source of moral law;
    Hence, the moral law is the dictate
    of reason.
    Moral law comes from
    God’s Eternal Law

    DIVINE LAW

    DO GOOD AND AVOID


    EVIL
    HOW DO WE KNOW THAT ONE IS ACTING IN
    ACCORDANCE WITH THE GOOD?

    The “good” is that which is suitable to human


    nature or that which is proper to human nature.

    An action is good if it is done in


    accordance with conscience.
    serves as the guide in making
    moral decisions
    How do we know that an action obeys
    conscience?

    If it satisfies the THREE-FOLD NATURAL


    INCLINATION OF THE HUMAN PERSON

    1.Self-preservation
    2.Just dealing with others
    3.Propagation of human species
    1.Self-preservation
    2.Just dealing with others
    3.Propagation of human species
    If at least one of these three
    natural inclinations of the
    human person is violated, then For an action to be considered
    an act does not obey moral in natural law ethics, it must
    conscience; it is therefore be done in accordance with
    immoral. conscience; it must be done in
    accordance with the moral law,
    that is, “doing good and
    avoiding evil”.
    THREE DETERMINANTS OF MORAL ACTIONS

    1.Object of the act


    2.Intention of the act
    3.Circumstance
    OBJECT OF THE ACT

    That which the WILL


    INTENDS primarily and
    directly.

    “TO REMOVE A TUMOR”


    INTENTION OF THE ACT

    The PURPOSE of the


    doer or the agent of the
    human act itself.
    CIRCUMSTANCE

    The CONDITION which affects the morality of an action


    CLASSIFICATIONS:
    a. quality of a person (WHO)
    b. quality or quantity of the moral object (WHAT)
    c. the circumstance of place (WHERE)
    d. the circumstance of means (BY WHAT MEANS)
    e. the circumstance of end (WHY)
    f. manner in which the action is done (HOW)
    g. time element involved in the performance of the action (WHEN).
    THREE DETERMINANTS OF MORAL ACTIONS

    1.Object of the act


    Must be
    ALL 2.Intention of the act
    GOOD 3.Circumstance
    FOUR PRINCIPLES OF DOUBLE EFFECT

    1. The action intended must be good in itself, or at least morally


    indifferent; otherwise, the act is evil at the very outset.
    2. The good effect must follow the action at least as immediately as the
    evil effect, or the good and evil effects must occur simultaneously.
    3. The foreseen evil effect should not be intended or approved, but
    merely permitted to occur.
    4. There must be a proportionate and sufficient reason for allowing the
    evil effect to occur while performing the action.
    REMOVING A CANCEROUS UTERUS OF A PREGNANT WOMAN
    EVIL > Kills the fetus
    GOOD Saves the mother’s life

    Principle # 1 – INTENTION IS GOOD


    Principle # 2 – GOOD AND EVIL EFFECTS OCCURS SIMULTANEOUSLY
    Principle # 3 – ABORTION/DEATH OF FETUS WAS NOT INTENDED
    Principle # 4 – SUFFICIENT REASON FOR ALLOWING THE EVIL EFFECT
    KILLING A DRUG LORD

    Utilitarian
    The act is GOOD as it may
    produce more benefits.
    Natural Law Ethics
    Principle # 1:
    The act is intrinsically immoral AN ACT MUST BE
    because it does not satisfy the first GOOD IN ITSELF.
    principle of double effect.
    ANY QUESTIONS?

    THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

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