BATTERY-FREE ATTACHABLE HEALTH MONITORING

DEVICES WITH OPTICAL ENERGY TRANSFER

SEMINAR REPORT
Submitted by

IVIN INASU CHUNGATH

CCE20EE019

To

The APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

of
Bachelor of Technology

in

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Christ College of Engineering

Irinjalakuda
DECEMBER 2023
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
CHRIST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, IRINJALAKUDA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled Battery-Free Attachable Health Monitoring

Devices With Optical Energy Transfer, submitted by Ivin Inasu Chungath to the
APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering is a
bonafide record of the seminar work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision.
This report in any form has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any
purpose.

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Dr. Needhu Varghese Dr. Ravishankar A. N.
Associate Professor Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Christ College of Engineering Christ College of Engineering
Irinjalakuda Irinjalakuda
 CHRIST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Vision
To be a premier institution that nurtures professionally competent and socially responsible
engineers through quality technical education, research and training.

Mission

● Implement the best teaching-learning practices with qualified faculty and supportive
infrastructure to impart knowledge in modern technology.

● Create a quality education system that encourages faculty and students to involve in
meaningful research for the benefit of society.

● Inculcate leadership qualities, ethical values and foster the notion of lifelong learning in
students.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

Vision
To excel in fostering competent Electrical and Electronics engineering professionals with sound
knowledge and practical skills for the social upliftment.

Mission
● To impart the excitement of modern technology and problem-solving skill among students
through the development of an inspiring teaching-learning environment.

● To mould the young minds to provide cost-effective, innovative and sustainable solutions,
for the challenges faced by the society, through fundamental research and training.

● To develop ethical values, leadership skills and life-long learning practices that leads the
students to become responsible citizens.

Program Educational Objectives (PEO)

1. Transform students into skilled professionals in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
with strong foundation in Mathematics, Basic Science and Management.
2. Mould the students to achieve and excel in their engineering profession or higher studies.
3. Promote the students to emerge as an expert in Electrical and Electronics Engineering with excellent
oral and written communication skills, ethical and human values, life-long learning capabilities and
professionalism for the benefit of industry and society.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)

1. Apply the fundamental knowledge of Mathematics, Science, Electrical and Electronics
Engineering to identify, analyse and solve the real-life problems in Electrical, Electronics
and allied interdisciplinary areas.
2. Provide techno-economic solutions to implement systems such as smart electricity
distribution, renewable energy, electric drive and transportation.
3. Attain competence in developing, testing and implementing electrical and/or electronic
systems by the effective use of relevant scientific and technological solutions.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to record my indebtedness and thankfulness to all those who helped me prepare
this seminar titled Battery-Free Attachable Health Monitoring Devices With Optical Energy
Transfer and present it in a satisfactory way.
First and foremost, I thank God Almighty for His providence and for being the guiding
light throughout this seminar.
I am grateful to Dr. Sajeev John, the Principal, and Dr. Ravishankar A. N., Head of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department for their sole cooperation.
I would like to thank Dr. Ravishankar A. N., the Seminar Coordinator, once again for
the valuable support and guidance.
I extend my gratitude to Dr. Needhu Varghese , Associate Professor of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Department for guiding me throughout this seminar work. I also thank
all other faculty members in our Department for their guidance.
Finally, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude towards friends and family
members who have always been helpful.
 ABSTRACT

Wireless epidermal wearable devices attract interests and expectations as a tool for
personalized, low-cost health monitoring technology. The concept of the wireless attachable
personal health monitoring devices has been more widely considered by combining them with
biosensors. To bring the most advantage out of the structure of the epidermal attachable device,
a battery-free approach was introduced to reduce the volume and extend the lifetime of the
device. In this work, an energy harvesting technology and noninvasive sensor were applied
with the attachable battery-free devices as a wireless power system and painless measuring
system. A glucose sensor was used as an example to develop the wireless wearable device for
diabetes-monitoring. The device consists of two functional parts: an optical power transfer and
an electrochemical sensing part. The operation starts when the optical power transfer part
accumulates power from series-connected photovoltaic cells and intermittently supplies the
power to the electrochemical sensing part. In the electrochemical sensing part, an
amperometric method was used for controlling the oxidation voltage and measuring a faraday
current from the noninvasive sensor and current as brightness and duration of light pulses from
a light-emitting diode (LED).
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ i

CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................... 3

EXPLORATION OF PRIOR RESEARCH ...................................................................... ...3

2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... ...3

2.2 REVIEW OF EXISTING STUDIES ........................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................... 5

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM ................................................................ 7

3.1 IDEA STRUCTURE OF DEVICE........................................................................... ...7

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM .............................................. 9

CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................................................... 10

PROPOSED PROTOTYPE ............................................................................................... 10

4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN .............................................................................................. 10

4.1.1 OPTICAL POWER TRANSFER PART ............................................................ 10

4.1.2 FUNCTIONAL PART ........................................................................................ 13

CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................................... 16

FUNCTIONING OF THE SYSTEM ................................................................................. 16

5.1 INTERMITTENT OPERATION OF OPTICAL POWER-TRANSFER ................. 16

5.2 COMPLETELY OPTICAL POWER OPERATION OF THE DEVICE ................ 17

CHAPTER 6 ......................................................................................................................... 19

CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 19

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 20
 LIST OF FIGURES

NO. TITLE PAGE

NO.

3.1.1 Ideal side view structure and conceptual 8

operation of battery-free attachable health
monitoring device

3.2.1 Block diagram of battery-free attachable health 9

monitoring device

4.1.1.1 Block diagram of optical power transfer part 10

MOS-level schematic of voltage-detector

4.1.1.2 11

4.1.1.3 Simulated signals of optical power transfer part 12

4.1.2.1 Schematic of functional part 13

Circuit layout (A) and Photograph (B) of the CMOS chip in

4.1.2.2 the battery-free attachable non-invasive glucose-monitoring 15
device operated by optical power-transfer

Switching characteristic of the optical power transfer circuit:

5.1.1 Top graph is input signal and bottom graph is output supply 16
voltage signal

Optically driven operation of the attachable battery-free

5.2.1 17
noninvasive glucose-monitoring device
 ABBREVIATIONS

IoT - Internet of Things

WSN - Wireless Sensor Networks
LSI - Large-Scale Integration
IC - Integrated Circuit
WE - Working Electrode
RE - Reference Electrode
CE - Counter Electrode
SMBG - Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose
CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
LED - Light Emitting Diode
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
PD - Photo Diode
PMOS - P-channel MOSFET
MOSFET - Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistor
ESD - Electrostatic Dis chargers