BCH 2602 Ass2
BCH 2602 Ass2
BCH 2602 Ass2
QUESTION 1
1.1 Provide a comprehensive description of all the reactions that occur in the citric
acid cycle. Additionally, create a detailed graphic illustration representing the
cycle's steps.
2.Each mole of pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, sometimes referred to as the
Krebs cycle, through the process of oxidation. Pyruvate is transformed into
Acetyl-CoA before to entering the cycle, producing one mole of NADH. We will
have two moles of NADH because one mole of glucose produces two moles of
pyruvate.
3. Citric Acid Cycle: Three molecules of NADH, one molecule of FADH2, and one
molecule of GTP (which can be transformed directly into ATP) are created for
every Acetyl-CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle.
10 moles of ATP are produced by the citric acid cycle overall (3 NADH x 2.5 ATP,
1 FADH2 x 1.5 ATP, and 1 GTP x 1 ATP).
Each NADH produces around 2.5 ATP, whereas each FADH2 produces about 1.5
ATP.
Each NADH is thought to produce about 2.5 ATP under normal circumstances,
while each FADH2 is thought to produce about 1.5 ATP. Therefore, we can
calculate the ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation to be roughly 2.5
ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2 if we assume equal levels of both NADH
and FADH2.
As a result, the ATP yield from oxidative phosphorylation would be as follows if
we assumed two moles of NADH and two moles of FADH2 (since we had two
moles of each from glucose metabolism):
Net ATP from glycolysis plus Net ATP from pyruvate oxidation, Net ATP from the
citric acid cycle, and Net ATP from oxidative phosphorylation make up the total
amount of ATP produced.
Total ATP produced: 22 ATP from 2 ATP, 0 ATP, 10 ATP, and 10 ATP.
1.3 Identify the regulatory mechanisms that control the citric acid cycle. Analyse how
these mechanisms impact the cycle's activity and metabolic pathway.
QUESTION 2
G6P ⇌ G1P
One ATP molecule is needed for the pyruvate carboxylase process, and two
ATP molecules are utilized for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
reaction, totalling three ATP molecules used during gluconeogenesis.