Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in Senior High School

I. Objectives
At the end of the 60-minute session, students should be able to:
 Demonstrate understanding of a short story;
 Analyze a short story by identifying its basic elements; and
 Appreciate the use of multimedia in sharing the lessons learned
from a short story.

II. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Elements of a Short Story
b. References: DepEd Module: 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World Quarter 1 – Module 5: Elements of a Short
Story
c. Materials: PowerPoint presentation, laptop, Wheel of Names (student
name selector)
d. Values Integration: Knowing the essential elements of a literary work
for deeper understanding and appreciation.

III. Procedure
A. Daily Routine
 Greetings
 Prayer
 Checking of Attendance
 Classroom Management

B. Review/Lesson Preview
 How do you define anecdote?
 What are the purposes of an anecdote?
 What lesson does the anecdote in “Home of the Ashfall”
convey?

C. Motivation
Match & Guess Game: We are all familiar with the English
alphabet, now let’s give it a twist by using the pictures each letter
represents or match the corresponding letters to form words.
Use the English alphabet chart provided.

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 1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = Character

2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = Setting

3. _ _ _ _ = Plot

4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = Conflict

5. _ _ _ _ _ = Theme

6. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ = Point of View

D. Lesson Proper
 Content and Skill-Building

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY

1. Character – A character in a short story is a person, in some

stories an animal, who takes part in the action of the story or other
literary work. It is said that the heart of the story are the
characters. The two most important characters in a short story are
the protagonist and the antagonist.
a. The protagonist is considered as the main character or
most important of all the characters. It is the character who
learns something or undergoes some changes throughout the
course of the story. Some stories depict the protagonist as the
hero of the story. In any case, the story always revolves
around the protagonist.
b. The antagonist is the character that challenges the
main character. The antagonist may be a person, the nature,
the society, or any intangible matter that contends with or
creates a problem for the protagonist.

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2. Setting – The place (locale) and time (period) when the story
happens. The setting may be based on real place and real time or
it may also be based on the author’s imagination. When analyzing
the setting of the story, consider where the action is taking place.
Most authors use descriptive words to describe the landscape,
scenery, buildings, season, or weather to provide a strong sense
of setting which will help the reader visualize the story and
connect to the story’s plot.

3. Plot – A plot is the actual story. It is what the story is all about.
It is also the series of events and characters’ actions that lead to
the highest point of interest in a short story. The following are the
different parts of a story’s structure:
a. Exposition –This is the beginning of the story. This is
where the author introduces the characters, identifies where
the story is happening, and establishes the main conflict.

b. Rising Action –This event occurs as you begin to move

throughout the story. This is where conflicts start to build.

c. Climax – It is the most exciting part of a short story. This is

the part in the story when important decisions are made or
important things are discovered.

d. Falling Action – This point occurs after the climax as the

problems in the story start to work themselves out. The
excitement becomes less and less as the conflict is resolved.

e. Resolution – This is the solution to the problem in a story.

The solution may not be what you hoped for but as long as it
fits the story in tone and theme, the conflict has been
resolved.

4. Conflict – Every story needs to have a problem and this

problem is called conflict. Without conflict, the story will not go
anywhere and will not be very interesting to the readers. The main
character may be faced with one of the four different types of
conflict. These four types of conflict are:
• man versus man;
• man versus nature;
• man versus himself; and
• man versus society.

5. Theme - This is the central idea in a short story and a general

truth. This is considered as the author’s message to the readers.

6. Point of View – This is the way the story is told or narrated. It

is also known as the vantage point that a writer uses to narrate
the story. The following are the types of point of view in a short
story:

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 a. First Person – the narrator participates in and tells the
story using the pronoun ‘I’.
b. Limited Third Person – the narrator is not in the story and
narrates using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. Also, the narrator is
unable to see into the minds of the characters.
c. Omniscient Third Person – the narrator is not in the story
and tells the story using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. In this
point of view, the narrator can tell the thoughts of the
characters as he can see into their minds.

 Guided Practice

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which element refers to the time and location where the story
happens?
a. Plot
b. Setting
c. Conflict
d. Characterization

2. The phrase, “Don’t judge the book by its cover,” is an example

of
a. Mood
b. Setting
c. Theme
d. Conflict

3. What do you call the most important character in a story?

a. antagonize
b. protagonist
c. antagonist
d. instigator

4. Which plot structure creates tone, presents characters and

other important details to introduce the story?
a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Climax

5. Which element of a short story is known as the vantage point

used to narrate the story?
a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Point of view

6. What do you call the character who contends with the main
character in a short story?

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 a. investigator
b. protagonist
c. antagonist
d. instigator

7. Which element of short story shows the author’s attitude or

feelings?
a. Plot
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Tone

8. What do you call the events that happen in a short story?

a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Plot
d. Conflict

9. Which of the following is considered as the essence of fiction?

a. Setting
b. Theme
c. Conflict
d. Climax

10. What do you call the series of events when things start to
happen in the story?
a. Rising Action
b. Theme
c. Exposition
d. Falling Action

 Independent Activity

Directions: Read the story SINIGANG by Marie Aubrey J.

Villaceran. (5 minutes)

Study the following questions carefully and write your answers on

a separate sheet of paper.

1. Where did the story happen?

2. Who were the characters in the story?
3. What do you think led to the emotional separation of Liza
from her father?
4. What was the most interesting part of the story?
5. What was the story about?
6. Who narrated the story?

E. Application
Directions: The students will be grouped according to their
respective rows (row 1, 2, and 3). This activity is good for 10-15

5
minutes.

Through differentiated activities each group will create analyzation

of the short story provided by identifying its basic element and
appreciate the use of multimedia in sharing the lessons learned
from a short story.

The elements of a short story are the characters, setting, plot,

conflict, theme, and point of view. The plot structure is composed of
the following: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and
resolution.

GROUP 1:

A. Identify the six (6) elements from the short story Sinigang and
share or submit your answer through sending it via email at
[email protected].

Setting: _______________________________________________
Characters: ____________________________________________
Plot: _________________________________________________
Conflict: ______________________________________________
Theme: _______________________________________________
Point of View: __________________________________________

B. In this activity, you have to identify the plot structure of the story
“Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for rising action; C for climax;
D for falling action; and E for resolution. Submit your answer
through sending it via email at [email protected].

A 1. “Did you meet…her?” Tita Loleng asked.

A 2. The woman looked to me like she was in her forties—the
same age as my mother.
B 3. The woman, upon seeing my curious stare, had explained, “I
am Sylvia.”
C 4. I finally turned to him. There was only one question I needed
to ask. “Why?”
C 5. I wanted to scream at her to let go but I did not move away.
D 6. All my muscles tensed upon hearing her name. It took all my
self-control to outwardly remain calm and simply raise an eyebrow.
C 7. When my dad had come out of the room, I remembered
sensing it immediately—the same way an animal instinctively
perceives when it is in danger.
B 8. When her weeping had subsided, she raised her head and
looked at me. “Everyone makes mistakes, Liza.” Her eyes begged
for understanding.
A 9. I continued to pick out tomatoes for the sinigang we were to
have for dinner. I wasn’t usually the one who assisted my aunt with
the cooking.
E 10. “I’m sorry,” he had told me.

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 GROUP 2: Choose a part in the story, Sinigang, which you find the
most interesting. Then, produce a three-minute video of it using the
characters’ lines and depicting their feelings. Upload your output on
YouTube and share the link to us.

GROUP 3: Create a blog on moral values that you got from the
short story "Sinigang" and its impact to you as a 21st century
learner. Like a story review and share it to the world by posting
your blog on Facebook.

F. Generalization
 What are the basic elements of a short story?
 Which among the basic element is considered the most
important? And why?
 What have you realized/learned from our topic today?

IV. Evaluation
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Who is the writer of the short story “Sinigang”?

a. Marie Aubrey Villaceran c. Edith L. Tiempo
b. NVM Gonzales d. Manuel E. Arguilla
2. Where is the setting of the story?
a. farm c. cemetery
b. house d. garden
3. Who is the main character in the story?
a. Sylvia c. Lem
b. Liza d. Tita Loleng
4. What point of view was used by the author in telling the story?
a. Third Person c. First Person
b. Omniscient Third Person d. Limited Third Person
5. Whose favorite dish is the “Sinigang”?
a. Liza c. Liza’s mother
b. Tita Loleng d. Liza’s father
6. What type of conflict was shown in the story?
a. man versus man c. man versus himself
b. man versus nature d. man versus society
7. What element refers to the events in the story?
a. Setting c. Plot
b. Theme d. Conflict
8. What element is considered the high point in the story?
a. Setting c. Exposition
b. Theme d. Climax
9. Based on the text, what does the word “Sinverguenza” mean?
a. a person who is shameless c. a person who is calm
b. a person who is sinful d. a person who is reckless

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 10. What element is presented at the final part of the story?
a. Resolution c. Exposition
b. Theme d. Climax

V. Assignment
DIRECTIONS: Reflect on the short story, “Sinigang”, by Maria Aubrey J.
Villaceran and answer the questions below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper, to be submitted on Tuesday next week.
1. What significant lesson have you learned from the story? How
will you apply it in your own life?
2. Why do you think some married men commit extramarital
affair?
3. React on this: It is ordinary in our Filipino culture for husbands
to commit adultery and look for another woman who can satisfy
their desires simply because they are men and not saints.

VI. Thinking About Learning

a. What part of the lesson seems difficult for you to understand?
b. Is there a question you would like to ask your teacher about the
lesson?

Prepared by:

RAUSA, PRECIOUS DE VERA

BSED Major in English