Script Highway

SCRIPT HIGHWAY
SLIDE 14:
Traffic studies play a crucial role in understanding and managing transportation systems
effectively. They involve various aspects such as speed, volume, speed and delay, origin-
destination analysis, parking, and accidents.
SLIDE 15: (SKIP)
SLIDE 16:
So Let us first define What is Speed?
- Speed is defined as the rate of travel expressed in kilometers/hour or meter/second. Sa
madaling salita, ito tumutukoy sa bilis ng isang bagay, partikular na sa mga saksakyan.
SLIDE 17:
Here are 4 types of speed
First, is the
1. **Spot Speed**: This refers to the speed of a vehicle at a specific instant or spot on a
road, typically measured using speed guns or sensors.
2. **Average Speed**: Average speed is calculated over a defined distance or time period,
providing a general overview of how fast vehicles are traveling on a particular route.
3. **Journey Speed**: Journey speed considers the overall speed of a vehicle throughout
its entire trip, including factors like stops, traffic signals, and congestion along the route.
4. **Running Speed**: Running speed specifically refers to the speed of public transport
vehicles like buses or trains as they operate along their designated routes.
SLIDE 18:
What is Spot speed Study?
A spot speed study is a method used to measure the speed of vehicles at a specific point or
location on a road. This type of study provides valuable data about how fast vehicles are
traveling at a particular spot, which can be used for various purposes such as setting speed
limits, assessing traffic flow, and identifying areas where speeding might be a concern.
SLIDE 19:
To further understand Spot Speed Study
Here's an example
Let's say you're conducting a spot speed study on a stretch of highway. You set up an
Enoscope or a speed sensor at a specific point along the highway. The radar gun or sensor
records the speeds of passing vehicles as they travel past the designated spot.
Over a certain period, like an hour or a day, you collect data on the speeds of different
vehicles. This data might show that the majority of vehicles are traveling within the speed
limit, but there are some instances of speeding, especially during rush hours.
SLIDE 20:
Here are the different ways to represent the data collected on conducting Spot speed study:
First is the Speed Distribution Table

- is a tabular representation of the frequencies or percentages of vehicles in each speed
interval.
Frequency Distribution Curve

- is a graphical representation that shows the distribution of vehicle speeds across different
speed intervals.
Cumulative Speed of Vehicle

- refers to the total number of vehicles that have reached or exceeded a specific speed
threshold within a given time period or at a particular location.
SLIDE 21:
The cumulative speed of vehicles, frequency distribution curve, and speed distribution table
are all components used in spot speed studies to analyze and present data about vehicle
speeds, but they serve different purposes and provide different insights:
**Frequency Distribution Curve**:

- **Purpose**: It visualizes the frequency (number or percentage) of vehicles in each
speed interval, helping to identify speed patterns and trends.
**Speed Distribution Table**:

- **Purpose**: It summarizes the speed data collected during a study, providing a
detailed breakdown of the number or percentage of vehicles at various speed levels.
SLIDE 22:
**Cumulative Speed of Vehicles**:

- **Purpose**: It provides an overall count of vehicles based on their speeds, helping to
understand how many vehicles are traveling at or above certain speed levels.
SLIDE 23: (SKIP)
SLIDE 24:
Let us first define What is Traffic Volume?
- refers to the number of vehicles that pass through a specific point on a road or highway
within a given time period, typically measured in vehicles per hour (e.g., 1000 vehicles per
hour). It's a simple way to quantify how busy or congested a road or intersection is based
on the flow of vehicles.
SLIDE 25:
Passenger Car Unit or PCU

- is used in transportation and traffic engineering to standardize and represent the varying
sizes and traffic impacts of different types of vehicles. It is a unit of measurement that
allows for the comparison of vehicles based on their effect on traffic flow and capacity.
In simple terms, a Passenger Car Unit (PCU) is a way to describe how much space or
capacity a vehicle occupies or consumes on the road compared to a standard passenger car.
For example, a large truck might be equivalent to 2 or 3 PCUs because it takes up more
space and has a greater impact on traffic compared to a regular car.
SLIDE 26:
Here is the Formula for PCU
wherein Vo and Lo is the speed and length of standard vehicle
We also have here a table that shows the equivalent of different cars in terms of PCU.
SLIDE 27:
There are 2 ways to Measure Traffic Volume:
In Manual method a trained personnel are stationed at each intersection to manually count
and record the number of trucks, buses, cars, and other vehicles.
While in Mechanical Method, it involves technologies such as Radar, CCTV cameras,

magnetic detectors, and pressure-sensitive detectors for traffic monitoring and data
collection.
SLIDE 28:
Traffic Volume data can also be expressed in different ways just like Traffic Speed.
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)
Annual Average Hourly Traffic (AAHT)
Annual Average Week Day (AAWT)
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
TrendChart
30th Highest Hourly Volume
VolumeFlow Diagram at Intersection
Variation Chart
Periodic volume count
Peak Hour factor
SLIDE 29:
In Annual Average Daily Traffic

- it gives an annual average of vehicles passing a road point, vital for planning road upgrades
and traffic control.
While in Annual Average Hourly Traffic

- it measures the average vehicles passing a point per hour annually, aiding in traffic
management and infrastructure planning.
SLIDE 30:
And then we have Annual Average Week Day,

- it measures the average vehicles passing a point on a weekday annually, aiding in traffic
management and infrastructure planning during peak hours.
Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

- it measures the average daily vehicles passing a point on a road, essential for traffic
management and infrastructure planning.
SLIDE 31:
- In traffic volume, it visually represent the changes and patterns in traffic over time. It helps
in identifying trends, seasonal variations, peak periods, and long-term traffic patterns,
which are essential for traffic planning, infrastructure development, and transportation
management.
SLIDE 32:
We have here an example of Trend Chart
Wherein A is the Future Traffic Volume

P is the Present Traffic Volume
and n is the no. of years
SLIDE 33:
The 30th highest hourly volume in traffic volume refers to the level of traffic flow that ranks
as the 30th highest within a specific time period, such as a day or a year. This metric is
significant for understanding peak traffic periods, identifying congestion patterns, and
planning traffic management strategies.
SLIDE 34:
In Volume-Flow Diagram at an intersection shows how traffic flows through different lanes
or directions, helping assess traffic patterns and plan traffic control measures.
SLIDE 35:
Here’s an example of Volume-Flow Diagran at an Intersection.
SLIDE 36:
A variation chart in traffic volume displays changes or fluctuations in traffic volume over a
specific period. It helps identify trends, seasonal variations, and peak periods, aiding in
traffic management and planning.
SLIDE 37:
Periodic volume count

- it refers to conducting traffic volume measurements at specific intervals or periods, such
as daily, weekly, monthly, or seasonally. This approach helps in capturing variations in traffic
flow over time, which is crucial for traffic planning, capacity analysis, and infrastructure
management.
SLIDE 38:
To be familliarized with the Periodic Volume Count
Here’s the formula for Perodic Volume Count
SLIDE 39:
The peak hour factor (PHF) is a measure used in traffic engineering to quantify the variation
in traffic volume during the busiest hour compared to the average daily traffic volume. It's
calculated by dividing the highest hourly traffic volume by the average daily traffic volume.
SLIDE 40: (SKIP)
SLIDE 41:
What is Speed and Delay Study?

In simple terms, speed and delay studies help in determining how fast vehicles are traveling
and how much time they spend delayed or waiting in traffic, leading to insights that can be
used to enhance traffic management and infrastructure planning.
SLIDE 42:
Definition of Terms
Operational Delay
- is the part of the delay caused by the impedance of other traffic.
An example of operational delay can occur on highways or major roads where congestion
builds up due to factors such as lane closures, accidents, or construction work.
Fixed Delay
- is that part of the delay caused by control devices such as traffic signals.
For instance, if a vehicle arrives at the intersection when the light is red, it has to wait until
the signal changes to green before it can move through the intersection. This waiting time,
caused by suboptimal signal timing or high traffic volumes, contributes to fixed delay.
SLIDE 43:

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SCRIPT HIGHWAY

SLIDE 15: (SKIP)

First is the Speed Distribution Table

Frequency Distribution Curve

Cumulative Speed of Vehicle

**Frequency Distribution Curve**:

**Speed Distribution Table**:

**Cumulative Speed of Vehicles**:

Passenger Car Unit or PCU

While in Mechanical Method, it involves technologies such as Radar, CCTV cameras,

In Annual Average Daily Traffic

While in Annual Average Hourly Traffic

And then we have Annual Average Week Day,

Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

We have here an example of Trend Chart

Wherein A is the Future Traffic Volume

Here’s an example of Volume-Flow Diagran at an Intersection.

Periodic volume count

To be familliarized with the Periodic Volume Count

Here’s the formula for Perodic Volume Count

What is Speed and Delay Study?

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Frequency Distribution Curve:

Speed Distribution Table:

Cumulative Speed of Vehicles: