MA. ISABEL A.

ENRIQUEZ
BSN 2-7
P.E 4

1. History of Basketball

 Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by

Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport
than football. Naismith was a 31-year-old graduate student when he created the
indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters. The game became
established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first
in America and then in other parts of the world. After basketball became established
in American colleges, the professional game followed. The American National
Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar
enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of
American culture.

Early history

Invention of the game

 The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in
December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during
cold months. Naismith was a physical education instructor at YMCA International
Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Upon the request of his boss, Naismith was tasked to create an indoor sports game
to help athletes keep in shape in cold weather. It consisted of peach baskets and a
soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his class of
eighteen into two teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics
of his new game. The objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit
baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time a point was scored,
the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball.
After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public
basketball game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
2. Facilities and Equipment of Basketball.
1. BASKETBALL COURT
The size of the court depends on the playing level. The size of the court for the NBA and
college games is 94 ft. long and 50 ft. wide.
2. BACKBOARD AND RIM
The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net affixed to a backboard that
measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket is at each end of the court.
3. FOUL LINE
For all size courts, the foul line is marked 15 ft. in front of the backboard.
4. KEY
This measures 12ft. Wide. The backboard extends 4ft. Out over the baseline into the key.
A half circle of diameter or 6 ft. extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete
the key.
5.3 POINT LINE (ARC)
The line or arc measures 22 ft. to the center of the rim on the sides with a straight line
extending out 16ft. and 9 in. from the baseline.
Beyond those points the line extend out of 23 ft. and 9 in. from the center of the rim.
6. LINE MARKING
The ones imprinted on the floor are 2 in. wide and can vary in color.
7. BALL
This is an inflated sphere with an outer covering measuring 75-78 cm in circumference and
weighs 600-650 grams.
This must be made of leather in the official FIBA competitions.
7. BALL
MEN- 29.5 inches in circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz
WOMEN- 23.5 inches in dircumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20 oz.
8. BASKET
This is also called goal and made up of a horizontal circular metal rim with a net hanging
from it.
This mounted 3.05 m. above floor level.
9. SHOES
This should have dynamic cushioning and support.
Many of these are high-cut shoes.
3. How to play Basketball?
•Basketball is played by 2 teams with 5 players each. You score by putting the ball through
the hoop. Dribble or pass to move the ball. Players are not allowed to take more than two
steps after picking the ball up before shooting or passing it.

DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF PLAYERS

1.Point Guard - usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by
controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time.

2. SHOOTING GUARD - creates a high volume of shots on offense, mainly long-ranged; and
guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense.

3. SMALL FORWARD - often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket
and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more
actively.

4. POWER FORWARD - plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense,
plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-
to-man defense).

5. CENTER - uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on
defense), or to rebound.

4. Referee Official Hand Signal

Time Management Signals

These officiating basketball hand signals are used to communicate between the referee and the time
keeper in order to notify starting and stopping of the clock.

Stop Clock – To stop the clock at any point in the game, the referee will raise one hand straight over
head with his palms facing out and finger tips pointed.

Start Clock – Beginning with one hand raised above head, the start of the clock is indicated by
dropping the raised hand directly towards the floor.
Full Timeout – When an official wish to signal for a full timeout it is indicated by two arms spread to
the sides forming a “T” shape.

Thirty Second Timeout – To indicate a thirty second timeout has been called by one of the teams, the
official will take both hands and place them on top of his shoulders with his elbows out.

Jump Ball – When both players have control over the ball at the same time, it is indicated by both
thumbs pointing upwards with arms extended.
Substitution – If a substitute player wishes to enter the game it is indicated by having one hand facing
the time keeper, raised in a “stop” manner, and the other hand waving the substitute player into the
game.

Basketball Foul Signals

When a player commits a personal foul, the referee will give a specific signal to indicate the type of
foul and which player has committed the foul.

Player Control Foul (Charge) – One hand on the back of the head and the other pointing in the
opposite direction of the play indicates a charge call has been made.

Hand Check – When a player commits a hand check foul, it is signaled by having one arm extended in
front of the chest with the fingers up, and the other arm grabbing the wrist.
Blocking – If a defensive player commits a blocking foul the official will have both hands, in fists,
touching his hips, and his elbows in tight against his body.

Holding – The holding signal is made by having one arm extended upwards in front of the face, and
the other hand grabbing the wrist.

Pushing – To signal a pushing foul, the official will have both hands extended straight in front of him,
with his palms facing outward.

Intentional Foul – When a player commits an intentional foul, the official will put both arms above his
head and cross them.
Technical Foul – To signal a technical foul has occurred the referee will place both his hands in front of
him and put them in the formation of a letter “T”.

Double Foul – If two players have committed a foul at the same time, the referee will put both hands,
in fists, extended out towards the sides.

Illegal Hand Use – An illegal hand use foul is signaled by the official putting both of his hands in front
of him, at waist level, and grabbing one of his wrists with the other hand.

Basketball Violation Hand Signals

A violation is a rule which is broken, but it does not result in a player picking up a personal foul. The
other team is awarded possession of the ball.

Traveling – When a player has committed a traveling violation, the official will signal it by placing both
of his hands in front of him and moving them in a circle.

Carrying or Palming – In order to signal a palming or carrying violation, the referee will have one hand
at the side, flipped over from palm up to palm down.

Double Dribble – The official will signal a double dribble violation has been committed by putting both
of his hands in front of him, with palms down, and alternating them up and down, as if dribbling a
basketball.

Three Seconds – The official will indicate that a player has committed a three second violation by
having three fingers raised, and the hand makes a swiping motion back and forth at the side.

Five Seconds – In order to signal a five second violation the official will have five fingers raised with
arm extended upward.

Ten Seconds – The ten second violation is shown when the official has ten fingers raised with both
arms extended upwards.

Kicking the Ball – When a player kicks the ball, the referee will have one foot raised in front.

Hand signal Indicators

These indicators allow officials to communicate information to the scorer’s table during the game.
Two Point Basket Scored – When a two-point basket is scored, the official will extend one arm
parallel to the floor and point with two fingers.

Three Point Basket Scored – The official will extend both arms directly upwards with fingers pointed
to signify that a player has scored a Three Point Basket.

Counting – The referee indicates he is counting for a timed violation by moving his hand back and
forth from the middle of the chest to straight in front continuously. Each movement represents one
second.

Basket Counts – To indicate a basket counts, when a foul has also occurred, the referee will drop his
hand from shoulder height directly down.
Basket Does Not Count – To “wave off” a basket, or indicate it does not count because a foul has
occurred, the referee will start with both hands at the shoulders, elbows out, and extend hands out
directly towards the side.

Bonus Free Throws – When a player at the free throw line is to be awarded a bonus free throw, the
official will extend both of his arms out to his sides completely straight and then move one up and
down.

Lane Violation – If a player is shooting a free throw and a lane violation occurs, the referee will signal
it by raising one of his arms out to his side and holding it there until the free throw is completed.