12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BUSINESS FINANCE
Quarter 4 – Module 4
Managing Personal Finance

NegOr_Q4_Business Finance12_Module 4_v2

 Business Finance – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Managing Personal Finance
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Angelica G. Zambrano

Editor: Gwen A. Galvez / Mariesol M. Dayupay
Reviewer: Salvador G. Aguilar Jr
Layout Artist: Neil A. Bontigao
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Elisa L. Baguio, Ed.D.
Joelyza M. Arcilla Ed.D., CESE Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, JD, Ed.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D. Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]

NegOr_Q4_Business Finance12_Module 4_v2

 Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our

dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 I

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at our own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

• The module is intended for you to illustrate the money management cycle and give
examples of sound practices in earning, saving, and investing money.

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 I

Pre-assessment

Multiple Choice. Read carefully and answer the questions below. Write the letter of your
correct answer in your notebook.

1. Which financial institution accepts deposits from individuals and provide loans?
A. Financial institution
B. Depository institutions
C. Lending institutions
D. Bank deposits
2. Financial Institutions that accept deposits and use the funds to provide commercial
and personal loans.
A. Commercial banks
B. Central bank
C. Lending institution
D. None of these
3. An organization that collects and stores credit information about individual
borrowers.
A. Credit bureau
B. Depository bank
C. Lending institution
D. Non-commercial bank
4. Spending 70% of the money you make, saving 20% and investing 10%
A. 10-20-70 rule
B. 20-10-70 rule
C. 70-20-10 rule
D. None of the above
5. The following are the general requirements for long-term loan application except
A. Proof of income.
B. Valid Identification.
C. Collateral.
D. All of the above.
6. Which of the following is an investment?
A. Car
B. House.
C. Shares in a company.
D. All of the above.

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7. For which of the following should you save?
A. Purchases
B. Wealth building
C. Emergency fund
D. None of the above
8. Which of these is not a key to saving money?
A. Spend money.
B. Making saving a habit.
C. Your income.
D. Self- discipline.
9. Which of the following is the reason why people do not save money?
A. They lack discipline.
B. They lack focus.
C. They do not live on a budget.
D. All of these
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic reasons for saving money?
A. Emergency fund
B. Large purchases
C. Have money available to lend to friends.
D. Build wealth.
11. What is compounding interest?
A. Interest that is not calculated on a regular basis.
B. Interest gained only on the principal amount.
C. Interest added to the principal amount.
D. Interest that doubled the principal amount
12. Opportunity cost is the value of money you pass up for another investment
opportunity.
A. True C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False D. None of these
13. ROI percentages is helpful when comparing investments.
A. True C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False D. None of these
14. Equity investors make money by selling an investment for more than what they paid
for it.
A. True C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False D. None of these
15. A mutual fund is an option which allows you to pull money and invest in a portfolio
with other investors.
A. True C. Neither A or B is correct
B. False D. None of these

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 ’s In

Task 1

In our past lesson, we studied about personal finance philosophies. Let us see how far can you
apply those philosophies by briefly explaining the following statements below. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. Budgeting makes people smart with money.
2. You are responsible for your own wealth.

Scoring Rubric: (Highest Possible Score = 20 points)

Criteria Scale
5 3 2 1
FOCUS Sharp distinct Apparent point No apparent Minimal
(The single controlling point made about the point but evidence of
controlling point made about the topic , sufficient with the topic
made with an topic with of task. evidence
awareness of task evident about the
about a specific awareness of task. topic
topic)
CONTENT Substantial specific Sufficiently Limited Superficial
(The presence of and/or illustrative developed content content with and/or
ideas developed) content with adequate inadequate minimal
demonstrating elaboration or elaboration content
strong development explanation. or
and sophisticated explanation.
ideas.
ORGANIZATION Sophisticated Functional Confused or Minimal
(The order developed arrangement of arrangement of inconsistent control of
and sustained) content with evident content that arrangement content
and/or subtle sustains a logical of content arrangements
transitions. order with some with or
evidence of without
transitions. attempts at
transition.
LANGUAGE/ Makes few errors in the Makes several errors Makes several Makes
STRUCTURE use of verbs, noun, in structure but do not errors that utterances that
choice of words but do affect overall interfere overall are so brief that
not hinder comprehensibility comprehensibili there is little
comprehensibility ty evidence of
structure and
comprehensibili
ty is impeded.

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 ’s New

Task 2

Scenario

Imagine that you win 20 million from lottery. How are you going to manage the
amount you had won? Create a lifelong plan to guide all of your investing and spending
decisions. Use the matrix below to organize your thoughts then answer the succeeding
question.

Investing /Spending Strategies Amount

Example : Buy a car 1,000,000

Question:

1. Which among the investing/spending strategies you listed above you think is most
practical? Justify your answer.

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 is It

Money Management in Personal Finance

Money management refers to the processes of budgeting, saving, investing, spending,
or otherwise overseeing the capital usage of an individual or group. The term can also refer
more narrowly to investment management and portfolio management.
Money management broadly refers to the process utilized to record and administer an
individual’s, household’s, or organization’s finances. Poor money management can lead to
cycles of debt and financial strain.
This process can be seen in Figure 1, where money management will start with the
“earning stage” where an individual will make a list of his / her earnings. Next is to identify
its “spending” pattern in which the individual will make a list of all the necessary
expenditures (needs) so it can be deducted to its gross income. After deducting the necessary
expenditures from the gross income, the remaining portion will go to “savings”. The last
stage will be “investing”, in which he / she will choose which investment type will he / she
will use. This cycle represents a continuous process in which will make your personal finance
are well controlled and monitored.

Earning /
Income
generating

Investing Spending

Saving

Figure 1. Money management cycle.

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 Money management can be proactive with periodic or regular financial planning. It
can also be reactive to specific events without intuitive planning in advance.

“Money management provides you with a 360-degree view of your financial picture
while applying key financial disciplines to help you overcome the obstacles to wealth. With a
clear purpose for your money and sound money management principles behind it, you are in
much more control of your financial destiny.” 1

As a result of different ages, lifestyles, family structures, and many other factors,
financial plans for individuals are different. However, the fundamental principles of budgeting
can be commonly shared. For example, one simple method of personal budgeting is the “50-
20-30 Budget Rule.”

The 50-20-30 Budget Rule suggests an individual spends 50% of their after-tax
income on essential expenditures. The essentials include house mortgages or rents,
transportation, groceries, utilities, and so on. 30% of their income should be spent on the
things that the person wants. It can include expenses on partying with friends, movie tickets,
and vacations. The remaining 20% should be saved or invested for future financial goals.

Money management with intuitive planning and budgeting helps to reduce inessential
expenditures. Such expenditures do not add value to an individual’s living standards. They
can be saved or invested for better use in the future. Money management also lowers the risk
of running out of money. It helps individuals to achieve their financial goals in the long term.

Personal financial management is a daunting and continuous task that can cause even
the most economically savvy individual to become confused or short-sighted.

Indeed, in a world where assets and investments move quickly and we link our bank
accounts to innumerable services and make purchases with the touch of a button, financial
management is a trickier concept than ever before.

To make the most of the money at your disposal requires constant awareness and
strategic thinking.

How do we manage personal finances?

Assess Your Financial Situation
Determining one's net worth is an important element of managing personal finances.
By assessing net worth, it is possible to place a monetary value on one's financial situation.

1
The Importance of Money Management. Retrieved from: https://dechtmanwealth.com/the-importance-of-
money-
management/#:~:text=Money%20management%20provides%20you%20with,control%20of%20your%20financi
al%20destiny.

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Create a Budget
To manage personal finances effectively, it will require creating a budget. A budget is
a good way to set financial priorities like saving for retirement or a vacation and managing
debt.

Choose a Bank that is Right for You

It is important to choose a bank that will help you accomplish your financial goals. Be
aware that some banks charge more fees for some services than other banks. For example, a
number of banks charge fees for account maintenance, teller services, ATM usage, overdraft
protection, and online bill paying. Many banks offer zero-liability protection for fraudulent
charges made on a debit card.
Pay Taxes

Paying taxes on time is an important part of managing personal finances. If self-

employed, it may be necessary to pay estimated taxes throughout the year. Filing a tax return
by the deadline will avoid the payment of costly penalties. Taxpayers that are unable to file a
tax return on time can obtain an extension. The extension, however, does not extend the time
allowed to actually pay the taxes owed.

Manage Debt
It is important to take control of debt. Although most people have some kind of debt,
such as a car loan or a mortgage, high interest debt can lead to disastrous consequences. To
get control over debt, an individual can sell investments, negotiate with a creditor to repay the
debt in a payment plan, or file for bankruptcy.
Keeping debt low is also an important component of an individual's credit score. While
making payments on time is the most crucial factor, the second most critical factor is the total
amount of debt owed. A debtor can improve a credit score by paying down debt and by
refraining from incurring any more debt.

Invest Your Money

Part of financial management includes a plan to generate income from investments.
Investing is a good way to generate income through compound interest and capital gains.
Investments, however, only make sense when an individual is debt-free or has a small amount
of debt at a low interest rate. Depending on the level of risk that is personally acceptable,
investment choices include certificates of deposit (CDs), bonds, mutual funds, real estate,
commodities, stocks, and business ventures.
Plan for Retirement
Planning for retirement is essential to ensuring a comfortable life in the future.
Investing in an employer-sponsored retirement plan like a 401(k) is a good way to save for the
future, reduce tax liability, and earn tax-deferred growth. Some employers will even match
contributions.

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 Plan for When You Die
Estate planning is another essential aspect of managing personal finances. A will can
ensure that property and cash are dispersed to the appropriate heirs. An individual with minor
children will also want to use a will to appoint a guardian to care for their children if they die.
Also, consider using a living trust to designate property to specific beneficiaries. A
living trust is beneficial because it is not subject to probate and can reduce estate taxes.
Financial plans of an individual depend on his financial objectives that are very much affected
by the stage he is at in an individual life cycle.

1. Accumulation Phase
Those who have just started working or in the early part of their respective careers.
Typical assets that any individual or household acquires in this stage include their own car or
house. It is also in this stage that individuals start separating from their parents.
Because of their acquisition of cars and houses, individuals at this stage also start
incurring liabilities in the form of car and home mortgages which are typically paid over a
long-time horizon.
2. Consolidation Phase
Those in this phase already have the necessary assets required of a typical household
and have settled most of their outstanding liabilities. Family objectives are fulfilled such as
family vacations and purchase of luxury goods, provide children’s education and daily
allowances.
Investments of moderate risk are taken by these individuals since they still have a
longer time horizon before retirement yet not willing to venture on too risky investments
since it will be hard for them to start all over again.
People in this phase need to consolidate and preserve much of the assets they
accumulated throughout the years since they also want to prepare ahead for future
retirement.
3. Spending Phase
Retired individuals belong to this phase. Their main source of income comes from
their pension although they also benefit the returns of their existing investments. Capital
preservation is the main return objective with the intention of earning more than inflation to
protect the value of their investment. Insurance and financial institutions aid these retirees
determining the timing of receipts of the income generated from their insurance and pension
plans so that they do not spend much of it in a limited time span.
4. Gifting Phase
This stage focuses on how the individual provides support to the family members,
friends, or any charitable institution. The focus of the individual is consistent on how he
wants to allocate his wants to these beneficiaries in case of his death or even during his
remaining years.

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 ’s More

Task 3
Read and understand the case below and provide what is being required. Write your answer
in your notebook.
Case Problem:

Interview at least four members in the household that belong to each of the phases
(accumulation, consolidation, spending, gifting) of the individual investor’s life cycle.

Summarize each of their respective responses using the matrix below:

Name of Financial Types of Significant

Financial stage Age
interviewee status investment liabilities

Accumulation
Consolidation
Spending
Gifting

I Have Learned

Task 4

Direction: In your notebook or in a clean sheet of paper, provide what is being asked for
in each item below:
1. What are the ways of managing personal finances?
2. What are the four phases of personal financial life cycle? Explain the activities in each
phase.
3. What do you think is the importance of managing your own personal finance and in
using the money management process?

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 I Can Do

Task 5
Direction: Prepare the following task:

1. Using the money management process, you are to prepare a list of the four stages in the
cycle: Earning, spending, saving, and investing. Follow the instructions below then answer the
succeeding questions.

A. Identify your sources of funds, for example: allowance coming from your parents, etc.
B. List down all necessary expenditures.
C. Determine if you have excess funds available for savings and investment.
2. Prepare your personal budget plan for the week.
Use the format below:

Earning: Allowance / Other Funds Received ₱ ______________

Less: Expenditures (list down below)
___________________ ₱__________
___________________ __________
___________________ __________
___________________ __________
(_____________)
Excess / Shortage ₱ _______________

Questions:
1. Where will you put the excess funds, if any? Explain briefly.
2. If the sources are not enough to cover for your expenditures, where do you get
additional financing? Explain briefly.

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 Rubric for Scoring
(Highest Possible Score= 20 points)

CRITERIA SCORE
5 POINTS 3 POINTS 2 POINTS 1 POINT
FOCUS Sharp distinct Apparent point No apparent point Minimal evidence
(The single controlling point made about the topic but with evidence of the topic
controlling made about the , sufficient about the topic
point made topic of task.
with an with evident
awareness of awareness of task.
task about a
specific topic)
CONTENT Substantial specific Sufficiently Limited content Superficial and/or
(The presence and/or illustrative developed content with inadequate minimal content
of ideas content with adequate elaboration or
developed) demonstrating elaboration or explanation.
strong development explanation.
and sophisticated
ideas.
ORGANIZATI Sophisticated Functional Confused or Minimal control of
ON arrangement of arrangement of inconsistent content
(The order content with evident content that sustains arrangement of arrangements
developed and and/or subtle a logical order with content with or
sustained) transitions. some evidence of without attempts at
transitions. transition.
LANGUAGE/ Makes few errors in Makes several errors Makes several Very little
STRUCTURE the use of verbs, in structure but do errors that interfere evidence of
noun, choice of not affect overall overall structure and
words but do not comprehensibility comprehensibility comprehensibility
hinder is impeded.
comprehensibility

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A. Modified Identification
Direction: Choose your answer in each item from the box below. Write the letter of your
answer in your notebook.

A. Plan for retirement G. Create a budget

B. Gifting Phase H. Consolidation phase
C. Plan for when you die I. Choose the right bank for you
D. Spending Phase J. Invest your money
E. Manage debt K. Pay Taxes
F. Assess your financial situation
1. Part of financial management includes a plan to generate income from investments.
2. Considering using a living trust to designate property to specific beneficiaries.
3. Determining one's net worth.
4. Sell investments, negotiate with a creditor to repay the debt in a payment plan.
5. A budget is a good way to set financial priorities like saving for retirement or a vacation
and managing debt.
6. Filing a tax return by the deadline will avoid the payment of costly penalties.
7. A right depository bank that will help you accomplish your financial goals.
8. Focuses on how the individual provides support to the family members, friends, or any
charitable institution.
9. Retired individuals belong to this phase.
10. Those in this phase already have the necessary assets required of a typical household and
have settled most of their outstanding liabilities.

B. Modified TRUE or FALSE

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect, change
the underlined word to make it correct. Write your answer in your notebook or
in a clean sheet of paper.
1. Spending Phase focuses on how individuals provide support to family members,
friends, or charitable institution.
2. Financial status of an individual depends on his financial objectives that are very
much affected by the stage he is at in an individual life cycle.
3. Planning for retirement is essential to ensuring a comfortable life in the future.
4. During the accumulation phase, individuals start incurring liabilities in the form of car
and home mortgages which are typically paid over a long-time horizon.
5. Investments of moderate risk are taken by individuals who are in the spending phase
since they still have a longer time horizon before retirement.

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Financial Life Cycle Task
List down at least three (3) different WANTS and NEEDS that you think are
appropriate for each of the above financial stages.

FINANCIAL STAGE NEEDS WANTS

Accumulation Stage 1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Consolidation Stage 1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

Spending Stage 1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

Gifting Stage 1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

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15 NegOr_Q4_Business Finance12_Module 4_v2
Task 5 Task 1
Answers may vary 1. b
Task 6 2. a
Answers may vary 3. a
Task 7 4. c
A. Matching Type 5. d
1. j 6. c
2. c 7. d
3. f 8. a
4. e 9. d
5. g 10. c
6. k 11. a
7. i 12. a
8. b 13. a
9. d 14. a
10. h 15. a
B. Modified True or False Task 2
Answers may vary
1. gifting Task 3
2. plans Answers may vary
3. True Task 4
4. True Answers may vary
5. consolidation
References

Book
Arthur S, C. D. (2017). Business Finance. Manila: Rex Bookstore.

Websites

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5d8940f145ee66001a7a2e6c/saving-multiple-choice.
Retrieved on March 15, 2021

https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/credit-banking-finance/managing-personal-finances-
overview.html
Retrieved on March 15, 2021

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/rhubarb/personal-financial-management.html
Retrieved on March 21, 2021

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/money-management/
Retrieved on April 30, 2021

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