27-04-2024

QFD Basics

▪ Quality Function Deployment: Developed by Professor Yoji Akao (Japan) in

Quality Function 1967.
▪ QFD is an analytical tool to ensure required level of quality in the new
Deployment product.
Dr. Dhananjay A. Jolhe ▪ Team work: interdisciplinary teams
Department of
Mechanical Engineering,
Visvesvaraya National
Institute of Technology
Nagpur
[email protected]

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Quality Function Deployment Quality Function Deployment

▪ QFD can be treated as an important Quality Engineering tool, as it focuses ▪ Voice of Customer (VoC)
at various stages of product development, such as:
▫ understanding the customer needs, ▪ House of Quality (HoQ)
▫ idea generation, ▪ Customer attribute (CA) [or Customer Requirement]
▫ deciding the design parameters, ▪ Functional Requirement (FR) [or Design Requirement]
▫ deciding the process parameters, ▪ Design parameters (DP)
▫ deciding the quality control parameters, etc.
▪ Process Variables (PV)
▪ QFD goes hand-in-hand with Axiomatic Design.
▪ Quality Control Specification (QCS): Documents describing the
specifications and the procedures to be followed to measure them.

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Quality Function Deployment Quality Function Deployment

▪ QFD typically uses four matrixes.

▫ Product planning matrix (HoQ): customer requirement  critical
product requirements Product Planning
▫ Part deployment matrix: critical product requirements  critical
component characteristics Product Design
▫ Process planning matrix: critical component characteristics  critical Four Phase
process steps Process Planning Structure of QFD
▫ Quality control matrix: critical process steps  quality control
parameters Process Control
WHAT  HOW relationship

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QFD: 4 Phases Quality Function Deployment

▪ HoQ is the first matrix.

▪ It converts customer requirements into critical product requirements
▪ Six steps are involved:
▫ Find out customer requirements
▫ Develop design requirements
▫ Develop relationship matrix
▫ Carry out competitive benchmarking assessment
▫ Develop technical importance ranking
▫ Develop correlation matrix

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Quality Function Deployment QFD: 4 Phases

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QFD: Example QFD: Example

▪ Example: A few aspects of car design All data assumed

▪ Customer Requirements (CRs):

▫ Speed CR Importance CR Relative Importance
▫ Safety Speed 3 3/18 = 16.7
▫ Low Fuel Consumption Safety 4 4/18 = 22.2
▫ Reliable Low Fuel Consumption 3 3/18 = 16.7
▫ Cheap Reliable
Cheap
3
5
3/18 = 16.7
5/18 = 27.8
▪ CR Importance ∑ 18 100

▫ Decide importance of CRs in the scale 1-5; 1 = least important, 5 = most important
▪ CR Relative Importance
▫ Find %age relative importance of CRs

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QFD: Example QFD: Example

▪ Design Requirements (DRs)/ ▪ Develop Correlation Matrix

Engineering Parameters ▫ Compare DRs among themselves
▫ Weight ▫ How one DR affects another?
▫ Type of engine (power) ▫ ++strongly positive
▫ Cost of production ▫ + positive effect
▫ Expected lifetime ▫ 0 for no effect
▫ Dimensions ▫ – negative
▫ Acceleration speed ▫ – – strongly negative
▪ Decide the direction of Minimise
improvement for DRs
Maximise
Target

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QFD: Example QFD: Example

▪ Decide Relationship Ranks & Develop Relationship Matrix ▪ Calculate Technical Importance Rating and Relative Weight
RIi
RIi TIRj = ∑ RIi * RRij

TRj →
TRj →
Relationship Ranks: TIR1 = RI1 * RR11 +
CRi CRi
RRij RI2 * RR21 +
↓ ↓
RI3 * RR31 +
RI4 * RR41
TIR1 = 17 * 9 +
22 * 3 +
17 * 3 +
17 * 1 = 287
Relative Weight = (TIRj / Σ TIRj) * 100

TIRj → ΣTIRj = 1966.6

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QFD: Example
QFD: Example
▪ Carry out Competitor Analysis ▪ Add
Correlation
Matrix &
Scale: 1 to 5 Complete
1 = highly QFD Exercise
dissatisfied

5 = highly
satisfied

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QFD: Example 2
Quality Function Deployment

THANKS!
[email protected]

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