Advanced Product

Quality Planning
(APQP)
Learning Outline
• What is APQP?

• APQP Deliverables during Product Development

• Oshkosh APQP (JNT001)

• APQP Supplier Expectations from Oshkosh

• Summary
Section 3
Section 4
5
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP)

Created by Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)

Structured method of defining and establishing the steps necessary to assure that a
product meets customer specification and expectation

Identifies Critical to Quality sub-systems from the Voice of Customer

Details the implementation of appropriate quality tools at various phases in the

product development cycle

Five common phases of APQP:

1. Plan and Define Program
2. Product Design and Development
3. Process Design and Development
4. Product and Process Validation
5. Feedback Assessment and Corrective Action

6
Why do we do APQP?

Ensures supplier
Design Validation preparedness before
Plan to ensure start of production
Drives Lean
Manufacturing customer
Establishes clear lines
processes to satisfaction using
of communication
Fosters robust produce part product testing
between customers
product design and suppliers to define within cost and
product/ project on-time
specifications

7
Product Quality Planning Element Timing Chart
Concept
Initiation / Program
Prototype Pilot Launch
Approval Approval

Initialization
Plan and Define Plan and Define
Product Design and Development
Process Design and Development
Product and Process Validation
Production

Feedback, Assessment & Corrective Action

8
 Product Quality Planning as Defined by APQP
Product Design and Process Design and Product and Process Feedback, Assessment
APQP Initialization Plan and Define
Development Development Validation & Corrective Action
O O O O O O
I u I u I u I u I u I u
n t n t n t n t n t n t
p p p p p p p p p p p p
u u u u u u u u u u u u
t t t t t t t t t t t t
s s s s s s s s s s s s

• Organize Team • Design Goals • Design Failure Mode • Packaging Standards • Significant
• Benchmark Data and Effects Analysis & Specifications
Production Run
• Define Scope (DFMEA) • Product/Process
• Voice of the • Reliability and Quality System • Measurement
• Design for Review (Technical • Reduced Variation
• Establish Team to Customer Quality Goals Review) Systems Evaluation
Manufacturability (MSA)
Team Connection o Market Research and Assembly
o Historical • Process Flow
Diagram • Improved Customer
Warranty and • Preliminary Bill of • Process Capability Satisfaction
• Training Material • Design Verification Study
Quality • Floor Plan Layout
Information • Design Reviews
o Team Experience • Characteristics • Production
• Involve Customer & Matrix • Improved Delivery
Suppliers • Preliminary Process Validation Testing and Service
Flow Chart • Prototype Build –
Control Plan • Process Failure
• Implement • Business Preliminary Listings Mode and Effects • Packaging Evaluation
Concurrent Plan/Marketing of Special Product Analysis (PMFEA)
Engineering Strategy • Engineering • Effective use of
and Process • Pre-Launch Control • Production Control Lessons
Characteristics Drawings Plan Plan Learned/Best
• Develop Control • Product/Process • Engineering • Process Instructions Practices
Plan Format Assumptions • Quality Planning
• Product Assurance Specifications Sign-Off and
• Measurement
Plan Systems Analysis Management
• Product Reliability • Material (MSA) Plan Support
• Concern Resolution Specifications
Format Studies • Preliminary Process
• Management Capability Study Plan • Production Part
Support • Drawing Approval Process
• Product Quality • Customer Inputs Specification • Management (PPAP)
Timing Plan Changes Support

9
Section
 APQP – Contract Provider Deliverable Action

Product Design and Process Design and Product and Process Feedback, Assessment
APQP Initialization Plan and Define
Development Development Validation & Corrective Action
O O O O O O
I u I u I u I u I u I u
n t n t n t n t n t n t
p p p p p p p p p p p p
u u u u u u u u u u u u
t t t t t t t t t t t t
s s s s s s s s s s s s

• Organize Team • Design Goals • Design Failure Mode • Packaging Standards • Significant
• Benchmark Data and Effects Analysis & Specifications
Production Run
• Define Scope (DFMEA) • Product/Process
• Voice of the • Reliability and Quality System • Measurement
• Design for Review (Technical • Reduced Variation
• Establish Team to Customer Quality Goals Review) Systems Evaluation
Manufacturability (MSA)
Team Connection o Market Research and Assembly
o Historical • Process Flow
Diagram • Improved Customer
Warranty and • Preliminary Bill of • Process Capability Satisfaction
• Training Material • Design Verification Study
Quality • Floor Plan Layout
Information • Design Reviews
o Team Experience • Characteristics • Production
• Involve Customer & Matrix • Improved Delivery
Suppliers • Preliminary Process Validation Testing and Service
Flow Chart • Prototype Build –
Control Plan • Process Failure
• Implement • Business Preliminary Listings Mode and Effects • Packaging Evaluation
Concurrent Plan/Marketing of Special Product Analysis (PMFEA)
Engineering Strategy • Engineering • Effective use of
and Process • Pre-Launch Control • Production Control Lessons
Characteristics Drawings Plan Plan Learned/Best
• Develop Control • Product/Process • Engineering • Process Instructions Practices
Plan Format Assumptions • Quality Planning
• Product Assurance Specifications Sign-Off and
• Measurement
Plan Systems Analysis Management
• Product Reliability • Material (MSA) Plan Support
• Concern Resolution Specifications
Format Studies • Preliminary Process
• Management Capability Study Plan • Production Part
Support • Drawing Approval Process
• Product Quality • Customer Inputs Specification • Management (PPAP)
Timing Plan Changes Support

10
APQP – Deliverables
Process Design and Development Product and Process Validation
APQP
Initialization
•Packaging Standards & Packaging Standards & Specifications •Significant Production
Plan &
Specifications Run
Define •Product/Process Quality •Measurement
System Review Systems Evaluation
Product Design & (Technical Review) (MSA)
Development
•Process Flow Diagram
•Process Capability
•Floor Plan Layout Study
•Characteristics Matrix •Production Validation
Testing
•Process Failure Mode
and Effects Analysis •Packaging Evaluation
(PMFEA)
Outputs •Production Control
•Pre-Launch Control Plan
Plan
•Process Instructions
•Quality Planning Sign-
•Measurement Systems Off and Management
Analysis (MSA) Plan Support
•Preliminary Process •Production Part
Capability Study Plan Approval Process
•Management Support (PPAP)

11
Packaging Strategy

12
Packaging Strategy

1. Do you know what the Oshkosh packaging strategy is?

2. What is Oshkosh’s Packaging Standards and where do you find it?

3. How does packaging impact our supply chain?

Class Discussion

13
Oshkosh Corporation’s Packaging Objective

Oshkosh’s Packaging Objective is to optimize

our supply chain through Standardization,
Education, and Cost & Waste Elimination.
We want to make our Supply Chain boring!

14
Packaging & Plan for Every Part
Material
Flow
Plan
Monitorin Replenish Inventory
g Plan ment Buffer
Sustain LT Offsets
and
Optimal Lead Time and
Material Safety
MRP Flow Stock
Parameter Pack Type
Ordering
Plan
s, PFEP and Container
Labeling, Quantity Selection
Transporta
ASN Part
tion Display
Network and
Optimizati MaterialWC Layout
on Handling
POU
Logistics Efficiency Presentat
Plan
ion
Conveya
nce Plan

15
Why Have a Packaging Strategy

Material Handling

Sustainability

Consistency

Efficiency

Damage

Safety

16
Oshkosh Corporate Packaging Strategy
Standardize
• Packaging Guide defines standards
• Standard Containers and Quantities

Cost &Waste Elimination

• Standard & Custom Returnable Containers
• Strategic Packaging & Ordering Decisions
• Trailer Utilization Improvements

Benefits
• Supports Sustainability
• Lean Material Handling
Significant Improvements Yield Multiple Benefits
• Ergonomics
• Cost Savings

17
Packaging Strategies Support Lean Thinking
Packaging adds value
Parts
 Form
 Time
 Place

Optimized packaging allows Oshkosh to possess products, in the desired

form, at the desired time, in the desired place

18
How Suppliers Support/Align to our Strategy
• Understand and comply with Oshkosh Corporation Packaging and Labeling
Requirements (Section J)

• Understanding our container naming convention

• Knowing when/if to use returnable packaging

• Submit SCRIP ideas related to packaging

• Follow instructions for packaging placed on your P.O.

19
Oshkosh Product Labeling & Packaging Specifications
Provides guidelines for product, content, and company identification of parts and materials

Revisions May Occur – Always Check Revision Date 20

or Visit the Oshkosh Supplier Network

Introduction
Important Instructions in Section J

•Our purchase order number shall appear on all packages, invoices, shipping papers, and
correspondence.
•Packing lists shall accompany each shipment.
•Invoice line items shall reference Oshkosh Corporation part numbers to be paid.
•All shipments shall be identified with Oshkosh Corporation part and revision number.
•All shipments shall include the Oshkosh Standard Bar Code Label found in Section III, Figure 9.
•All new or modified packaging will require completion and submission of the Packaging Data Form.
•Supplier shall verify their part number matches part number and revision number specified on our
drawing, if not, you shall contact buyer to modify Oshkosh Corporation drawing prior to shipping.

THE WORD "SHALL" INDICATES A REQUIREMENT AND THE WORD "SHOULD" INDICATES A
RECOMMENDATION
21
Key Information in Section J

Boxes & Totes Wooden Pallets Requirements Labeling

22
Labeling Required Data Fields:
Barcoded Fields
5.0” Min to 6.5” Max • Part Number
• PO Number
• Quantity
• Location (JLG ONLY)
• Kanban ID (JLG ONLY)

Text Fields
4.0” Min • Country of Origin
• Revision (If applicable)
• Container Code (If assigned)
• Supplier Name/Address
• Oshkosh Shipping Address

Quiet Zones
Label should be white with black printing 0.25” Minimum

Label Protection
0.25” Minimum Quite Zone

• Label protection against moisture, weather, abrasion, etc.

• Shall be required where needed.

• Acceptable Examples include:

• Laminates / Sprays / Window Envelopes / Clear Plastic Holders
Protection should not impair the ability to read or access labels 23
From our ERP to OSN/EDI

Packaging Requirements can be

found on the OSN

24
APQP – Deliverables
Process Design and Development Product and Process Validation
APQP
Initialization
•Packaging Standards & Technical Review •Significant Production
Plan &
Specifications Run
Define •Product/Process Quality
• Structured discussion between the supplier,
design engineering, supplier quality engineering •Measurement
System Review Systems Evaluation
Product Design & (Technical Review) and operations (MSA)
Development
•Process Flow Diagram
• Provides a mutual understanding of part/process •Process Capability
•Floor Plan Layout Study
requirements and specifications
•Characteristics Matrix •Production Validation
Testing
•Process Failure Mode • Technical Review Elements
and Effects Analysis •Packaging Evaluation
(PMFEA)  General Design
Outputs •Production Control
•Pre-Launch Control Plan  Print Dimensional and Specifications
 Production Part Approval Process
Plan
•Process Instructions
 Supplier Change Request •Quality Planning Sign-
•Measurement Systems  Outside Processing Off and Management
Analysis (MSA) Plan  Packaging Support
•Preliminary Process  Materials •Production Part
Capability Study Plan  Finishing Approval Process
•Management Support  Welding (PPAP)

25
Technical Review
Learning Outline

• What is a Technical Review?

• Why use Technical Review?

• Technical Review Location

• Technical Review Form

• Technical Review Questions

27
Technical Reviews – Who Should Be Involved?
Oshkosh Supplier

 Purchasing (Global Commodity Managers, Segment  Supplier Leadership

Commodity Managers, NPD Buyers, PFP Buyers,
Tactical Purchasing) – Technical Review Process Owner  Engineering

 Design Engineering  Manufacturing (Manufacturing Engineers, Tooling,

Operations, etc.)
 Supplier Quality Engineering
 Quality

 Manufacturing

 Others as Required (Service/Aftermarket, Supplier

Development, Sales, Logistics, Program Management,
Cost Management, Marketing, PFEP)

Class Discussion
Why Technical Review’s
• Creates open lines of communication between the Supplier and Oshkosh purchasing, engineering and quality
• Mutual understanding of Print Dimensions, Specifications, Notes and Materials
• Communicate Lessons Learned from the manufacturing history of the part or similar parts to the Supplier
• Expedite any necessary design changes
• Full understanding of how a part will be manufactured and measured
• Ensure cost quoted is accurate and sustainable
• Identify changes to engineering documents based on the Supplier’s processes and capabilities for Value Add/Value
Engineering (VA/VE)

 Eliminate issues that would prevent the Supplier from being able to manufacture or inspect

 Reduce cost

 Improve the performance

Technical Review Documents Location
Available on the Oshkosh Supplier Network (OSN):
• Technical Review Checklist • Procedure • Training
Technical Review Format • 40 Questions over 9 requirement tabs
 General Design Requirements
 PPAP & SCR Requirements
 Material Requirements
 Print Dimensional and Spec Requirements
 Manufacturability and Tooling
 Weld Requirements
 Finishing Requirements
 Outside Processing
 Packaging Requirements

• Additional Tabs
 Instructions
 Preparer Identification
 Part Numbers
 Action Tracker
Technical Review - Example Questions
Technical Review Example Questions

Depending on answers, additional pop boxes may appear with additional information or instructions
Technical Review Process

1
2 3

1
1. Checkboxes for the reviewer to indicate status, either yes or no
2.
2 A field for the reviewer to record evidence, explanations, questions, issues and
clarifications
3
3. Red, Yellow, and Green fields to indicate high priority action items. (Type a “1” in the
appropriate box for it to change colors.)
A. Red – Indicates a risk exists and/or action is required
B. Blue – Indicates that risk may or may not exist. Follow up questions will be required
during the technical review meeting
C. Green – Indicates low risk and no actions are needed
Technical Review Questions
Follow Up

• The Action Tracker can be used to track follow-up.

• Continue with follow-up until

 All major risks have been addressed

 All improvement opportunities have been pursued

• Primary goal is to reduce risks

• Review potential impact to the part’s cost drivers

• Prioritize and address important items.

Conclusion
After completing the Supplier Technical Review process, don’t forget to document Lessons Learned.

Items that should be included:

• Recommendations to improve the Technical Review form, training, or procedure

• Important or unexpected outcomes of the Technical Review process

• Things to watch out for

APQP – Deliverables
Process Design and Development Product and Process Validation
APQP
Initialization
•Packaging Standards & Process Flow Diagram •Significant Production
Plan &
Specifications Run
Define •Product/Process Quality •Measurement
System Review • Visual tool that Systems Evaluation
(Technical Review) (MSA)
Product Design &
Development maps the processing
•Process Flow Diagram
steps for a product •Process Capability
•Floor Plan Layout Study
•Characteristics Matrix • Diagram provides •Production Validation
Testing
•Process Failure Mode the scope for
and Effects Analysis •Packaging Evaluation
(PMFEA) Process Failure
Outputs •Production Control
•Pre-Launch Control Plan Mode and Effects Plan
•Process Instructions Analysis (PFMEA)
•Quality Planning Sign-
•Measurement Systems Off and Management
Analysis (MSA) Plan Support
• Identifies where
•Preliminary Process potential issues •Production Part
Capability Study Plan Approval Process
•Management Support might arise (PPAP)

38
APQP – Deliverables
Process Design and Development Product and Process Validation
APQP
Initialization
•Packaging Standards & Floor Plan Layout & Standard Work •Significant Production
Plan &
Specifications Run
Define •Product/Process Quality •Measurement
System Review Systems Evaluation
Product Design & (Technical Review) (MSA)
Development
•Process Flow Diagram
•Process Capability
•Floor Plan Layout Study
•Characteristics Matrix •Production Validation
Testing
•Process Failure Mode
and Effects Analysis •Packaging Evaluation
(PMFEA)
Outputs •Production Control
•Pre-Launch Control Plan
Plan
•Process Instructions
•Quality Planning Sign-
•Measurement Systems Off and Management
Analysis (MSA) Plan Support
•Preliminary Process •Production Part
Capability Study Plan Approval Process
•Management Support (PPAP)

39
Standard Work

40
What is Standard Work?

A documented description of the:

 Safest
 Highest quality
 Most efficient way to perform a task

The only acceptable way to perform the work

Expected to be continually improved

Specifies:
 Work content
 Sequence
 Timing
 Expected outcome

41
Key Information Included in Standard Work

How do you complete this work?

How do you know you are doing this work correctly?

How do you know the outcome is free of defects?

What do you do if there is a problem?

42
Why is Standard Work Important?

Without a standard, there can be no continual improvement

Sustain improvement

To provide a safe work environment

To sustain high quality

To provide a visual management tool to see normal vs. abnormal

Allows for cross training

To make process results predictable

43
Predictable Results

No Unpredictable Standard Predictable

Standard Results Work Results

No Vague Standard Inaccurate Adequate

Standard Work Work Standard Work Standard Work

44
Establishing Standard Work

Step 2
• Identify • Identify
the • Understa Job
product, nd Elemen
Step 1
process requirem tsStep 3
or ents
activity

• Create
Step 5 • Create
Step 7
Time • Create job Standard •Create
elements Combination
Observatio Work Sheet
n sheet Chart
Step 4
Worksheet Step 6

Step 9
• Train • Update
on • Identify Standard
Stan Improvem Work
Step 8 ents Step 10
Documents
dard
Work and
Training 45
Standard Work - Example

Joe always arrives late for work

46
Identify Activity - Example
How would you solve this problem?

Get up earlier ?

!
Investigate Joe’s
morning procedure
to improve the
• Identify the
product, process flow.
process or
activity
Step 1

But First, we need to understand the process….

47
Understand Requirements - Example
Joe is always late by
about 2 minutes Just the facts
Joe currently gets out of bed at 5:00 am
In order to be on time, Joe needs to leave the house by 5:14 am

14 min X 60sec Takt (T.T.) = 840 sec

Sequence to grasp the process information:

Step 2
• Identify • Identify
the • Understan job
product, d elemen
Step 1
process requireme tsStep 3
or nts
activity
48
Joe’s Takt time Vs. Actual

960 sec
840 sec Takt Time

Actual Time

49
Job Elements
Job Element
A job element contains ONLY working time (cyclic)
 Assembly time
 Data Entry
 Pick up or load parts
 Pick up tools for manual work

Group job elements to facilitate timing

 Group in the smallest increment of work that could be moved to another person
 Walking, hand-offs, and tool changes will typically separate job elements

50
Identify Job Elements - Example
Job Elements for Joe
Process name: Get Ready for Work

1. Get up 2. Brush teeth 3. Shave

4. Take a shower 5. Dry hair 6. Get dressed
7. Make coffee 8. Drink coffee 9. Make toast
10. Eat toast 11. Get car keys 12. Put on shoes and coat

Step 2 Step 4
• Identify • Identify
the • Understan job • Create
product, d element Time
process
Step 1 requireme s Step 3 Observa
or activity nts tion
Workshe
et

51
Create Time Observation Worksheet
Fill in the work
Elements, Walking,
Time Observation Worksheet
for _______________Joe’s
and Machine Time Morning Procedure_____________
1 step = 0.5 sec
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Date: ___________ Observer: ________________ Other details:

Seq Work Element, Walking, Machine Separate observations of the same process Lowest Machine
#,W,M (smallest increment of work that could be
Repeatable Cycle Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time
moved to another person) Time

1 Get Up 10 8 10 14 11 10 10 9 10 13 10
W Walk to Bathroom 10
2 Brush Teeth 110 120 127 130 114 120 120 128 120 118 120
3 Shave 117 122 120 120 120 124 120 123 130 120 120
W Walk to Shower room 20
4 Take a Shower 123 120 120 116 120 123 128 130 120 120 120
W Walk to the Bathroom Use the lowest 20

repeatable time
5 Dry Hair 62 60 58 54 60 60 63 60 57 60 60
W Walk to the Closet 20
6 Get Dressed 140 144 144 140 140 141 140 150 140 140 140
W Walk to the Kitchen 20
7 Fill and turn on Coffee Maker 8 10 12 12 11 10 10 9 10 13 10
M Run Coffee Maker 60
8 Pour Coffee 10 9 7 10 11 12 10 10 10 11 10
9 Fill Toaster and Switch on 10 10 10 9 10 11 10 11 10 11 10
M Run Toaster 60
10 Take Toast 10 10 10 9 10 11 10 11 10 10 10
W Walk to the Living Room 30
11 Get Keys 10 10 10 10 11 9 11 10 12 10 10
W Walk to the Door 30
12 Put on Shoes and Coat 60 60 62 61 54 60 58 68 51 60 60
W Leave House 10

Total Cycle Time 850 863 860 860 852 874 870 895 861 866 840 120 ← Lowest Repeatable Time

52
Standard Work Activity Part 1

1) Draw the side profile of a pig, centered

on the page.

2) Make sure the pig's head is facing left.

3) You have 2 minutes to draw your pig.

53
Individual Exercise: Draw A Pic

54
Standard Work Activity Part 2

55
Individual Exercise: Draw A Pig – 2nd Attempt

56
Standard Work Activity Part 3

11

10

57
Standard Work Activity

1
4

8 12
11

7
5
10
13 9

6
2 3
5. Draw another arc from top right intersection to bottom right
12.
9.
7.
13.
4. Drawan
1. Draw
3.
11.
6.
8.
10.
2. the
cursive
two
aarc letter
dots
letter
an arc
arc
from Wletter
fromleft
forO
Min
at
between in
W
the
at
the
letter center
eM
letterto
near
middle
the
bottom
eyestangent
M
mouth
the
to to
top
twoleft
top of
top
left
right
tangent
left box
ofof
the
arc
the
right
bottom of circle
oncircle
right
for the pig’s nose
intersection
intersection
intersection
the
Ws
intersection circle
W
58
Common challenges

“Standardization ruins creativity”

Operators performing other work (tool retrieval, material handling, etc.) that is not outlined in the Standard Work
sequence

Standard Work documentation not updated to reflect changes

Operators not trained to properly perform their work sequence

Supervisor allows deviation to Standard Work

Standard Work not used as a visual control

59
Summary

If a process is not documented, there is no process

Consistency = predictable cost, safety, quality, and delivery

Without a standard, there can be no continual improvement

Standard work must be simple and created by the people that do the work, so it is meaningful

Standard Work is a process management tool

Standard Work is dynamic, not stagnant

If Standard Work is >30 days old, ask questions

 Has demand changed?
 Have improvements been made?

60
APQP – Deliverables
Process Design and Development Product and Process Validation
APQP
Initialization
•Packaging Standards & Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (PFMEA) •Significant Production
Plan &
Specifications Run
• Analytical method to ensure potential
Define •Product/Process Quality •Measurement
System Review problems are considered, prioritized and
(Technical Review) Systems Evaluation
Product Design & addressed throughout the product and (MSA)
Development
•Process Flow Diagram process development
•Process Capability
•Floor Plan Layout Study
• Integral part of risk management and
•Characteristics Matrix supporting continual improvement •Production Validation
Testing
•Process Failure Mode
and Effects Analysis • Helps guide teams in developing product •Packaging Evaluation
(PMFEA)
Outputs and process designs that meet expectations
•Pre-Launch Control Plan •Production Control
Plan
•Process Instructions • Not a single event or to be
•Quality Planning Sign-
•Measurement Systems done by one individual Off and Management
Analysis (MSA) Plan Support
•Preliminary Process • Retention of past learning •Production Part
Capability Study Plan should be included in FMEA for Approval Process
•Management Support continual improvement (PPAP)

61
Section
 APQP – Deliverables
Product and Process Validation Feedback, Assessment & Corrective Action
APQP
Initialization
•Significant Production Measurement System Analysis (MSA) •Reduced Variation
Plan &
Run
Define
•Measurement • Thorough assessment of the test method, •Improved
Systems Evaluation measuring instruments, and process of
Product Design & (MSA) Customer
Development obtaining measurements to ensure the Satisfaction
•Process Capability integrity of data used for analysis
Study
•Improved Delivery
•Production Validation • MSA considers the following:
Process Design and Testing and Service
Development  Selecting the correct measurement and approach
•Packaging Evaluation •Effective use of
 Assessing the measuring device
•Production Control Lessons
Plan  Assessing procedures and operators
Learned/Best
Outputs  Assessing any measurement interactions Practices
•Quality Planning Sign-
Off and Management  Calculating the measurement uncertainty of individual
Support measurement devices and/or measurement systems
•Production Part
Approval Process
(PPAP) • Required for all Critical and Significant Characteristics

62
 APQP – Deliverables
Product and Process Validation Feedback, Assessment & Corrective Action
APQP
Initialization
•Significant Production Process Capability Study •Reduced Variation
Plan &
Run
Define
•Measurement • Focuses on prevention rather •Improved
Systems Evaluation than detection
Product Design & (MSA) Customer
Development
Satisfaction
•Process Capability • Used to understand variation in
Study
a process and then works to •Improved Delivery
•Production Validation control it
Process Design and Testing and Service
Development
•Packaging Evaluation • Some tools include •Effective use of
•Production Control  Statistical Process Control Lessons
Plan (SPC) Learned/Best
Outputs •Quality Planning Sign-  Control Charts Practices
Off and Management
Support  Process Capability

•Production Part o Cp
Approval Process o Cpk
(PPAP)

63
 APQP – Deliverables
Product and Process Validation Feedback, Assessment & Corrective Action
APQP
Initialization
•Significant Production Production Control Plan •Reduced Variation
Plan &
Run
Define
•Measurement • Identify process characteristics and identifies control
Systems Evaluation •Improved
methods for the sources of variation
Product Design & (MSA) Customer
Development
Satisfaction
•Process Capability • Reduces waste and improves the quality of products during
Study design, manufacturing and assembly
•Improved Delivery
•Production Validation
Process Design and Testing and Service
Development
•Packaging Evaluation •Effective use of
•Production Control Lessons
Plan Learned/Best
Outputs •Quality Planning Sign- Practices
Off and Management
Support
•Production Part
Approval Process
(PPAP)

64
 APQP – Deliverables
Product and Process Validation Feedback, Assessment & Corrective Action
APQP
Initialization
•Significant Production Production Part Approval Process (PPAP)
Run •Reduced Variation
Plan &
Define
•Measurement • The PPAP process is designed to demonstrate that a
Systems Evaluation supplier has developed their design and production process •Improved
Product Design & (MSA) to meet the customer’s requirements, minimizing the risk Customer
Development
of failure by effective use of APQP Satisfaction
•Process Capability
Study
•Improved Delivery
•Production Validation • "All customer engineering
Process Design and Testing and Service
Development design record and specification
•Packaging Evaluation requirements are properly
understood by the supplier and •Effective use of
•Production Control that the process has the Lessons
Plan Learned/Best
potential to produce product
Outputs •Quality Planning Sign- consistently meeting these Practices
Off and Management requirements during an actual
Support production run at the quoted
•Production Part production rate."
Approval Process - Fourth Edition
(PPAP)

65
Production Part Approval Process (PPAP)

AIAG APQP

PPAP
What are Our Expectations of Oshkosh Suppliers Regarding APQP?

67
What are Our Expectations of Oshkosh Suppliers Regarding APQP?

68
What are Our Expectations of Oshkosh Suppliers Regarding APQP

Section 69
What are Our Expectations of Oshkosh Suppliers Regarding APQP?

Section 70
What are Our Expectations of Oshkosh Suppliers Regarding APQP?

Section 71
What are Our Expectations of Oshkosh Suppliers Regarding APQP?

Section 72
Appendix