Chapter3 Spanish Period Ramos Gocela Pilande Itchon

C H A P T E R 3 -
THE SPANISH
PERIOD
(1565-1898)
Ramos, Faye Hecarrie C. Gocela, Kim
Pilande, Mark Jerry Itchon, Raul Jr.
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HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565
during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first
Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature
started to flourish during his time. This spurt continued
unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872. The Spaniards
colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries.
During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of
Filipinos. They embraced the Catholic religion, changed
their names, and were baptized. Their lifestyles changed too.
They built houses made of stones and bricks, used beautiful
furniture like the piano and used kitchen utensils. Carriages,
trains and boats were used as means of travel. They held
fiestas to honor the saints, the pope and the governors. They
had cockfights, horse and the theater as means of recreation.
This gave rise to the formation of the different classes of society
like the rich and the landlords. Some Filipinos finished courses
like medicine, law, agriculture and teaching. Many Filipinos
finished their schooling in the Philippines because many
schools already had been established.
A. SPANISH INFLUENCE ON
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was
replaced by the Roman Alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis
of the religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary
language during this time lent many of its word to our
language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became
assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
A. SPANISH INFLUENCE ON
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
5. Ancient Literature was collected and translated to
Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like
Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious
tone.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
1. THE DOCTRINA CRISTIANA
(CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE): This was the first
book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in
xylography. It was written by Fr. Juan de
Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva, in Tagalog
and Spanish. It contained the Pater Noster (Our
Father), Ave Maria (Hail Mary), Regina Coeli
(Hail Holy Queen),
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
Ten Commandments of the Catholic Church, the
Seven Mortal Sins, How to Confess, the
Catechism.
Three old original copies of this book can still be

found at the Vatican, at the Madrid Museum and
at the US Congress. It contains only 87 pages but
costs $5,000.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
2. Nuestra Señora del Rosario: the second book printed
in the Philippines was written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose
in 1602, and printed at the UST Printing Press with the
help of Juan de Vera, a Chinese mestizo. It contains the
biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers
on religion.
3. Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in

Spanish and Tagalog). This is the first book printed in
typography.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
4. Ang Barlaan at Josephat: This is a Biblical story
printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog
from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja. It is believed to
be the first Tagalog novel published in the
Philippines even if it is only a translation. The
printed translation has only 556 pages. The Ilocano
translation in poetry was done by Fr. Agustin Mejia.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
5. The Pasion: This is a book about the life and
sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only during Lent.
There were 4 versions of this in Tagalog and each
version is according to the name of the writer. These
are the Pilapil version (by Mariano Pilapil of
Bulacan, 1814), the de Belen version (by Gaspar
Aquino de Belen of Bat. in 1704),
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
the de la Merced (by Aniceto de la Merced of
Norzagaray, Bulacan in 1856) and the de Guia
version (by Luis de Guia in 1750). Critics are not
agreed whether it is the Pilapil or the de la Merced
version which is the most popular.
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
6. Urbana at Felisa: a book by Modesto de Castro, the so-
called Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog. These are
letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and has
influenced greatly the behavior of people in society
because the letters dealt with good behavior.
7. Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary):

collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary. Fr.
Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865
and it was popular especially during the Maytime
"Flores de Mayo" festival.
C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala: (Art and rules
of the Tagalog language) written by Fr. Blancas de
San Jose and translated to Tagalog by Tomas
Pinpin in 1610.
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding

the Tagalog language), written by Fr. Gaspar de
San Agustin in 1703.
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog
vocabulary): the first Tagalog dictionary written
by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango

vocabulary): the first book in Pampango written
by Fr. Diego in 1732.
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan
vocabulary): the best language book in Visayan by
Mateo Sanchez in 1711.
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the
Ilocano language): the first Ilocano grammar book by
Francisco Lopez.
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol
language): the first book in the Bicol language and
written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.
I. Balagtasan
Is a Filipino form of debate
done in verse. Derived from the
name of Francisco Baltazar,
this art presents a type of
literature in which thoughts or
reasoning are expressed
through speech.
I. Balagtasan
Examples of Balagtasan Topics:
● Mahal mo o mahal ng magulang mo

● Sipag o talino
● Matalino vs Mayaman
● Dapat ba o Hindi na dapat ipatupad ang K+12
I. Balagtasan
Examples of Balagtasan Poem:
Kapag baya’y umunlad.

Ang pagko’y pinupukol.
Sa gobyerno at mga tao,
sama-sama’t tulong-tulong.
Kung ang lahat ay tinatamad,
bayan nati’y ano ngayon?
Wala na ngang pagbabago.
Kabuhaya’y urong-sulong.
Kasipaga’y puhunan nating lahat sa gawain.
J. The Dung-aw
This is a chant in free verse by a
bereaved person or his representative
beside the corpse of the dead. No
definite meter or rhyming scheme is
used. The person chanting it freely
recites in poetic rhythm according to
his feelings, emotion and thought.
K. The Awit and The Corrido
The term ‘Awit’ and ‘Corrido’ are both
related to music . ‘Awit’ is the tagalog
word for song while the spanish word
‘corrido’ means “a metrical story, usually
sung to the accompaniment of a guitar, in
a fandango style.
● The Corrido is in octosyllabic verse while the
Awit is in dodecasyllabic verse.
● The Corridos were usually on legends or
stories from European Countries
● The Awits are Fabricated stories from writers’
imagination although the setting and
characters are European
● The Corrido and the Awit re oth referees to as
narrative poetry.
TH A N K
YO U !
Ramos, Faye Hecarrie C. Gocela, Kim
Pilande, Mark Jerry Itchon, Raul Jr.
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C H A P T E R 3 -

Three old original copies of this book can still be

3. Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in

7. Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary):

2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding

4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango

● Mahal mo o mahal ng magulang mo

Kapag baya’y umunlad.

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