Working at Heights

Level 2 SAFETY Pillar
Date: 31-12-2016 Chapter Safety Fundamentals
Document VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.
Version: 8
Number Working at Heights
Page 1 of 36
Confidential – proprietary Owner: VP Technical
Approved: Validation Com.
information AB InBev
SAFETY FIRST!
Working at Heights.
1. Purpose
Each plant must implement technical, organizational and employee oriented (behavioral)
measures to assure that work completed at heights and near abysses is:
 avoided (look for alternatives)
 restricted (authorized operators, work permit)
 done in a safe way in accordance with the ABInBev and legislative requirements
2. Scope and definitions
This procedure applies globally and to all work at heights completed by all plant, primary
logistics employees and also contractors.
Accredit expert = an internal or external person that is qualified / competent by training and /
or local law to do the concerned job.
3. Responsibilities
The roles and responsibilities regarding the different tasks described in this procedure must be
established at plant level.
4. References
VPO.SAFE.3.1.XX.  Safety Fundamentals
VPO.SAFE.3.2.01.Emergency Response
VPO.SAFE.3.2.02.Risk Assessments
VPO.SAFE.3.2.03.Safety Signalization
© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

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5. Procedure
A. Technical
1. Priority setting
 The following priority setting must be applied for working on heights / near abysses:
Priority Priority setting for working on heights.

1 Avoid: Make equipment accessible from the floor level.
2 Avoid: Put a fix work platform that is accessible via a lift or stair (or
ladder if stair is not possible) or put guardrails around the existing
work area to avoid abysses.
Use of drones for roof inspections
3 Use a mobile work platform or scaffolds.
4 Use a ladder – if necessary in combination with fall arrest and safety
nets.
2. MANDATORY requirements to prevent SIF working at heights - overview
a. Work Permit / Method Statement/Safety Plan

VPO.SAFE.3.1.07. Work Permits
VPO.SAFE.3.1.13. Contractor and Service Provider Safety Management
ALL Working at heights works MUST have a work permit.

Contractor working at heights must additionally have a complete Safety Plan and
detailed method statements, covering all tasks.
For roof works, Safety Plans and method statements MUST be reviewed and approved
by ZBS/Zone Safety. No exceptions.
The work permit is our last check to verify if the persons performing the work are
following the proper procedures outlined in the method statement/safe work plan. It
CANNOT be filled out from anywhere except at the job site. The work permit is a
verification that the work will be done safely and is following, to the letter, the safe plan
and method statements approved by ZBS/Zone Safety. The person/persons
signing the work permit is fully and completely responsible for the safe
execution of the tasks and the full adherence to AB-InBev requirements.
b. Contractors
VPO.SAFE.3.1.14. Safety Induction, Training and Coaching
VPO.SAFE.3.2.04. Safety Monitoring and Auditing
Contractors that will participate in working at height activities MUST be pre-approved

with all of the proper certifications/work experience for working safely at heights. The
same requirements MUST extend to any and all involved sub-contractors..

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Contractor management also include the proper safety inductions.
MANDATORY monitoring and immediate work stoppages if the contractors do not
follow safe procedures.
c. Mobile Platforms/Cranes
VPO.SAFE.3.1.02. Working at Heights
Once it is determined that the work to be conducted must take place at heights, the
very first option MUST be to perform the work safely from a mobile work platform
(scissor lift, boom lift, etc.).
ONLY AFTER EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO COMPLETE THE WORKS USING A
MOBILE PLATFORM CAN YOU CONSIDER USING OTHER METHODS. The mandatory use
of mobile work platforms MUST be included in the contract and safety plans and
method statements.
If a contractor commits to using a mobile platform in the method
statement/procurement process but arrives at the site with plans to perform the work
without a mobile platform, STOP THE WORK and send the contractor away.
d. Safety nets
VPO.SAFE.3.1.02. Working at Heights
The use of certified safety nets is MANDATORY for roof works, works on pipe
racks and similar activities if no mobile platforms or cranes can be used. Any
exception MUST be formally approved by ZBS / Zone Safety.
e. Safety Monitoring
VPO.SAFE.3.2.04. Safety Monitoring and Auditing
The work permit, method statement and safety plans will determine the level of safety
monitoring required. ZBS/Zone Safety is also responsible to make sure this monitoring
is conducted exactly as approved. If safety monitoring is not being conducted
appropriately, the job MUST STOP until such a time where the level of monitoring
meets the approved standard.
For contractor working at heights, PERMANENT supervision(= ALL the time when works
at height ongoing) is MANDATORY . This MUST be included in the contract, the
safety plan and method statements.
The skills of the persons that are performing this task MUST be checked and validated
upfront.
f. New roofs and significant upgrades of existing roofs

VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.7. Safety Requirements for new roofs
All new roofs and all significant upgrades of existing roofs MUST be built as safe roofs:
Provide safe access, ensure sufficient degree of structural strength, flat or slow-slope
roof , roof edge protection (railings), skylight (and other fragile roof elements) edge
protection.
(Obviously, also safe access to tank tops, equipment etc. MUST be provided.)

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3. General Requirements for ALL working at heights equipment
 Identification
 An inventory of all height access equipment (scaffolding, mobile elevated

platforms, safety cages, ladders, safety harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, safety nets, etc.)
must be available.
 The equipment must be properly labeled:
o Use a unique identification.
o The maximum load must be indicated as per manufacture specifications.
o Equipment can only be used if label / tag are present and up to date.
Tag on ladder (photo left)
 Inspections
 The equipment must be inspected before the first use and then at least yearly by an
accredit expert:
o Approved equipment must be identified as such.
o Defective equipment must be tagged, taken out of service and locked away until
it is repaired.
 Additional thorough inspection must take place:
o after mishaps, drops and impacts
o after exposure to fire
o after exposure to corrosive substances
 Users must do a check before use: see next paragraphs and
VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.6. Guidance for fall protection inspection
 Maintenance
 All height access equipment must be included in the planned maintenance scheme.
 Storage
 When not in use, such equipment must be stored at a limited number of designated
areas that will safeguard them from being damaged, in accordance with manufactures
specifications.

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 Use by third parties
 Use of equipment of ABInbev by third parties (e.g. contractors) is not allowed unless
o it is formally approved in writing and
o the competency of the user has been verified and
o the permission is given to individual user and not to companies
 Home made system
 Homemade (in house) systems must not be used unless they have been approved
in writing by an accredit expert. The systems must be approved prior to use and after
each substantial alteration.
4. Safety Guarding
 Pits and abysses must be properly covered or screened (preferably by guardrails

or solid fences).
 Protection of the area beneath the work area: If there is a risk for falling objects,
the necessary precautions (safety net, shields) must be taken to prevent
accidents and damage of goods.
 Platform Guardrails:
Guardrails are installed on working platforms, they must meet the following safety
requirements (Dimensions in millimeter):
1
4
2
1 Handrail
2 Knee rail 5
3 Kick plate
4 Stanchion
5 Walking level
 Stairs that give access to work platforms that are more than 2 meters high must be
properly secured by means of self-closing gates or crossbars.
(note: not applicable for platforms that are only used for passing)

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5. Scaffolding
 The operating limits, the operating and safety instructions and the checks must be
documented in an OPL or SOP for each scaffolding system.
Next to the applicable items of paragraph A.2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
 Working area:
o This equipment must be set up on hard, stable, level ground, even with
outriggers deployed.
o The working area must be secured and marked, e.g. with warning cones, to
avoid that the working platform gets hit by another vehicle or that people walk
underneath it.
 Scaffolding mounting:
o Scaffolding must be designed, erected, altered, moved and dismantled by
competent people, with all scaffolding work under the supervision of an accredit
expert.
o A safety plan describing the safe working practices to erect, alter, move and
dismantle scaffolding must be provided by the accredit expert and must be
approved by the plant ES department:
This plan must contain:
 The PPE to be used by people who are mounting the scaffolding.
o Double lanyard fall protection is mandatory as of a height of 2 m
except in cases where (proven with risk assessment) a single lanyard
or other safety measure reduces the risk to an acceptable level.
o Lanyards should be connected to
 First choice: vertical lifelines
 Second choice: horizontal lifelines
 A structural member of the scaffold or the adjacent structure
(last choice)
o Safety Helmet (hard hats) and safety shoes are mandatory
 The measures to prevent electrocution (when power cables are in the
vicinity of the works)
 The measures to safeguard the people and equipment that are in the
vicinity of the works
 A scheme of the scaffolding to be mounted, including the guardrails and the
toe boards

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 The sequence in which the different parts need to be mounted. Lower parts
should not be used while upper parts are being mounted unless proper
measures are taken that prevent injuries of the people working below
 The way the different pieces must be tied together and must be connected
to other structures (building,…)
 The measures to ensure safe lifting and storage of equipment on the
scaffolding: the way lifting appliances must be mounted on the scaffolding
 The measures to prevent damage by environmental loads (wind, snow, ice,
earthquake loads)
Such a safety plan is not mandatory for mounting of basic scaffolding (e.g. a
stand-alone tower scaffolding) for which a clear SOP / OPL exists.
o Scaffolding must be approved by an accredit expert prior to use, during use (at
least weekly) and after each substantial alteration. See Checklist annex 1.
o Scaffolding must be equipped with guardrails (see A.3) per working platform
level and each working platform must be fully boarded.
 Safe access to scaffolding
o Scaffolding must be provided with suitable secured stair and/or ladder (see A.6)
access onto the working platform.
o For large scaffolding constructions, stair access needs to be installed.
o For small scaffolding, ladders can be used. Each ladder must not extend a
vertical distance of more than 3 m (10 f) unless an intermediate landing place
is provided.
if ladders are mounted at the outside of the scaffolding, they need additionally
be equipped with safety cages.
o If access is provided inside the scaffolding, hatches must be installed
Only allowed if platform is lower than 3m

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For platforms higher than 3 m (10 f). If ladders mounted outside the
scaffolding, safety cage must be installed. If ladders mounted inside,
hatches must be installed.
 Scaffolding tags
o Scaffold must be tagged at all times
o Green tag – access allowed, save for use for the defined scope
o Red tag – no access allowed, not save to use
o Yellow tag – under construction, access only by employees authorized to
mount scaffolding
o Scaffold Inspection Tags - Front side is for recording details of the

contract and a contact telephone number, as well as information about
the load bearing capacity of the scaffold. Reverse is for recording details
of weekly safety checks.
 Use:
o Users must check if the scaffolding is approved for use (tag).
o Users must stand on the floor of the platform at all times they are elevated.
They may not lean out or leave the work platform. Ladders or other means
must not be used to gain height.
o Access via ladders: see A.6.

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For scaffolding towers with a platform higher than 2 m,
 Bamboo scaffolding is not allowed
6. Mobile elevated working platforms and safety cages
 Once it is determined that the work to be conducted must take place at heights, the very
first option MUST be to perform the work safely from a mobile work platform (scissor lift,
boom lift, etc.).
ONLY AFTER EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO COMPLETE THE WORKS USING A MOBILE
PLATFORM CAN YOU CONSIDER USING OTHER METHODS.
 Categories: Scissor-type powered platforms (photo left) and boom-type powered platforms
(photo middle) and safety cage with Fork lift Truck – FLT (photos right)
 Every plant must have at least 1 mobile platform to allow safe cleaning practices and to
allow safe basic maintenance tasks at height. Choose the type of platform so that it is
employable in the most critical areas.

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 Elevating Work Platforms and Safety Cages are well manufactured and are safe to use
within their specific limitations.
One of the most dangerous hazards when operating such equipment is tipping over. It is
important that users understand what makes a platform stable and what causes it to
overturn:
 Sudden movement of the unit or part of the unit when elevated
 Sudden stopping when elevated
 Overloading or uneven loading of the platform
 Traveling or operating on a slope or uneven terrain
 Holes or drop offs in the floor surface causing one wheel to drop suddenly
 Operating the equipment in windy conditions
 Changing the weight distribution of the machine by replacing parts with others of a
different weight or adding attachments not approved by the manufacturer
documented in an OPL or SOP for each Mobil Elevated Working Platform and each Safety
Cage.
Next to the applicable items of paragraph A2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
 Work area:
o This equipment must be set up on hard, stable, level ground, even with
outriggers deployed.
underneath it.
o The equipment must not be used near overhead obstructions and in particular
well clear of electrical conductors.
 Use:
o Users must check the equipment prior to use: see checklist annex 2 and 3.
o Users must be familiar with the operating range of the individual make and
model they are using. This knowledge is essential in order to position the
machine correctly and reach the work location safely.
o The user must use a safety belt to attach to the work platform.
o Elevated personnel must stand on the floor of the platform at all times they are
elevated. They may not lean out or leave the cage. Ladders or other means
must not be used to gain height.
o The equipment must be operated in a slow and smooth manner.

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o Whenever a person is elevated, any horizontal maneuvering of the equipment
must be minimized.
o The controls must be oriented correctly so that the operator does not
inadvertently move the machine in the wrong direction.
o This equipment must not be used for lifting materials.
 Specific for safety cages with FLT:
o The use of the safety cages with FLT must be limited to those situations where
it is necessary to elevate personnel to perform special tasks of short duration
and where it is not possible to use a scaffold or specially designed device.
o The transmission must be in the neutral position with the parking brake
engaged.
o The mast, if adjustable, must be set in the vertical position.
o The forks must be set in the horizontal position.
o The controls other than the lifting and lowering controls must not be operated
during lifting.
o The FLT driver and every person to be elevated must check that the cage is
securely attached on the FLT.
o The FLT driver must stay with the FLT controls at all times.
o The FLT driver must keep hands and feet clear of controls other than those in
use.
o Before any person is elevated or supported by the cage, the FLT driver must lift
the cage to the required work height to confirm that all systems are functioning
correctly.
o If the FLT is used in a noisy environment than the person in the cage must be
given some means of gaining the FLT driver's attention, i.e. radio.
o The FLT and the safety cage must be approved by an accredit expert. Only an
approved FLT can be used for working with the cage.
NOTE: in most countries the use of Mobil Elevated Working Platforms and Safety Cages
+ FLT is subject to very strict legal regulations.
7. Ladders
 In general, ladders must only be used to gain access or when doing simple operations.
Scaffolding or elevated working platforms must be used for heavy or lengthy work.
documented in an OPL or SOP for each type of ladders in use at the plant.
Next to the applicable items of paragraph A2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
 Work area:
o Ladders must be placed on hard, stable, level ground.
underneath it.
 Ladder technical specifics:
o Ladders must have good secure non-slip feet or swivel feet fitted on all legs.

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o Ladders must not be painted – this can hide cracks or defects in timber / welds
o Timber ladders: the steel banding on stiles or below rungs must not be
removed.
o Portable step ladders:
o Step Ladders must be fitted with a “spreader” connecting the back legs to
the stiles. When the ladder is fully open, the spreader must be fully
engaged. The ladder must not be used unless this situation exists.
o With the ladder fully open, the spread between the back legs and the stiles
must be between 500 mm and 660 mm per meter-length of stile.
o The “top cap” and the two top treads (rungs) must not be used for standing
on.
 Ladder mounting:
o The rungs must be free from material or substances likely to cause slips
o The ladder must extend at least 1 meter or 3 rungs above the surface to be
reached OR the user can stand at least one meter from the top of the ladder
when in the working position.
o A ladder must not extend a vertical distance of more than 9 m (30 f) unless an
intermediate landing place is provided.
o When using an extension ladder sufficient overlap must be maintained between
the parts.

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o The ladder must be secured and it must be ensured that he can not slip:
o The top of the ladder must be tied to the structure to prevent it slipping OR
the base of the ladder must be tied up
o The base of the ladder must be secured, if this is not possible a second
person must foot the ladder while it is being used, until the job is
completed.
o A ladder angle of 75 degrees must be ensured (1 m out for every 4 m up)

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 Ladder use:
o The ladder must be inspected before each use by the person who is intended to
use the ladder. See checklist annex 4.
o Only one person is allowed on a ladder at any time.
o 3 points of contact (2 feet and 1 hand or 1 foot and 2 hands) is required when
ascending and descending a ladder.
The same 3 points of contact is always required when working from a ladder
o An exemption for the requirement of 3 points of contact while working on a ladder

can be granted for specific low risk routine tasks (Approved Work) if it is clearly
defined in a SOP / OPL
Such Approved Work can be completed with both hands while on a ladder and is
defined as work when
1) both feet are on the same step,
2) the center of balance is maintained with the body (knees or chest)
supported by the ladder,
3) a safe handhold is available to steady yourself before and after the task,
and
4) the maximum work height and rung height do not exceed the safe limits
outlined in the ladder’s OPL/SOP for Approved Work.
In order to use the Approved Work exemption for 3 points of contact, the
maximum allowable work height and rung height must be clearly outlined in
the ladder’s OPL or SOP, and the maximum rung height must be clearly
marked on the ladder.

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Example where two hands need to be free for a brief period for Approved
Work. Keep two feet on the same step and the body (knees or chest)
supported by the stepladder. Make sure a safe handhold is available.
o Do not work form the top 3 runs.

o Care must be taken when carrying tools up a ladder: if they cannot be carried
safely they must be raised by a hand line.
o The ladder must not be used to retrieve heavy objects (plastic rolls, electric
motors) from racking.
o Never reach sideways further than an extended arm can reach.
o Metal portable ladders must not be used when carrying out work on live
electrical equipment.
 NOTE: Fixed ladders

o Ladder cages must be installed where a person could fall more than 6 meters.
o The ladder must not extend a vertical distance of more than 9m unless an
intermediate landing place is provided.
o Ladder handrails must extend 900 mm above openings.

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8. Fall arrest systems
 Consider collective protection over personal protection e.g. netting is collective but fall
arrest is personal.
 Safety Nets
o Must be put as an additional safety to avoid injuries in case of falls but must never
be the only safety measure that is put in place.
o Must be designed, erected, altered and dismantled by competent people under the
supervision of an accredit expert.
o Must be approved prior to use and after each substantial alteration by an accredit
expert.
o Safety nets must be installed not more than 4,6 m below the work area.
o The maximum deflection when arresting the fall of a person does not allow any
portion of the person to contact another surface.
o There must be no obstruction or intervening members that may be struck during a
fall between the work area and the safety net.
 Lifeline, Lanyard & Safety Harness
o The operating limits, the operating and safety instructions and the checks must be
documented in an OPL or SOP for each type of lifeline, lanyards and safety
harnesses in use at the plant.
o Next to the applicable items of paragraph A2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
o Technical specifics:
o A lifeline must be clearly identified by color or by another means that
provides an equivalent level of safety and not be used for other purposes.
o A fall arrest system that has arrested a fall must be removed from service
and inspected by a competent person, and be repaired to the original
manufacturer's specifications or destroyed, when a defect is observed.
o Mounting:
o The fall arrest system must be adequately secured to an anchor point, or
a lifeline that is securely fastened to an anchor point, or attached to a
static line that is securely fastened to an anchor point.

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o The lifeline must be secured at the base to prevent tangling or
disturbance of the line.
o Use:
o Proper fall arrest systems (e.g. lifelines) must be used
o when working near abysses of more than 2 m (6.5 feet).
o when working on ladders and it is not possible to maintain 3 points of
contact.
o A double lanyard must be used, except in cases where (proven with
risk assessment) a single lanyard reduces the risk to an acceptable
level.
o Each component of a fall arrest system, including each lifeline, must be
inspected by the operator prior to each use to determine whether there
are any defective or otherwise unsafe components. See
VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.6. Guidance for fall protection inspection. If a defect is
observed, no person must use or permit the use of the system until the
defective components are replaced or repaired.
o The safety harness must be attached to the lanyard and must be adjusted
to fit the user of the harness.
o The lanyard must be attached to an anchor point or lifeline, where
practically possible, above the shoulder of the user. It will prevent a free
fall greater than 1,2 m where the fall arrest system is not equipped with a
shock absorption system or where the combined free fall and shock
absorbed deceleration distance exceeds the distance between the work
area and a safe surface.
o
Harness Lanyard double lanyard Lifeline

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9. Stairs
 At least the first and last step of every stair must be clearly marked, good practise is the
use of tiger striping
 A sign “Hold hand rails” must be put at every access to the stairway.
10.Access to Conveyers
 Risk Assessment.
o A Risk assessment must determine which measures or combination of measures is

most effective, reckoning with the different circumstances:
o yearly
o to identify when and where entry onto conveyors is necessary and to assess the
hazards and preventive measures associated with it.
o must include all production, cleaning, inspection or maintenance activities.
o to identify improvement projects that limit the need to enter on conveyers such
as pallet inspections, keg inspections, etc…

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o For new projects, an assessment must be made in the project phase in order to
o reduce the need of entry onto the conveyors.
o ensure compliance with this procedure.
 Behavioral requirements for entry onto a conveyor.
o Entry onto a conveyor must be limited to an absolutely minimum.

o Entry on moving conveyors is forbidden
o Entry onto a properly stopped conveyor must be limited to an absolutely minimum,
but is sometime necessary in abnormal situations (cleaning, maintenance, repair,
clearing jams). The conveyor and adjacent equipment must then be properly
isolated, locked off and tagged (apply proper lock-out tag-out).
 Infrastructural requirements.
o At locations where abnormal circumstances are more frequent, fixed access

platforms, stairs and handrails must be in place to go across or walk along the
conveyor.
Fixed platform along conveyers
Handrails on conveyers. Handrail and support pole on other side

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Stairs to cross conveyers.
o If fixed walking platforms are not possible, fixed in between walking plates must be
installed between the rollers ( e.g. on conveyor access points, on conveyor
traversing points, on frequently used intervention points,…)
Walking platforms fixed between the conveyers.
o Each plant must put to the disposal of the operators a suitable number of transportable
platforms that must be used where no fixed platform along, above or between
conveyers is available.
The operators must be trained in using these platforms:

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a) lightweight anti-slip aluminum plates of suitable dimensions that can be put
on the conveyers
or
b) Anti-slip mats that can be put on the conveyers (ONLY when distance
between the rollers is smaller than 2cm (0,8 inch).
o Inclined conveyors and conveyers that are situated higher than 2 m (6.5 feet) need to
have a suitable anchorage for fall-arrest safety equipment (safety harness).
o Inclined conveyors must be foreseen of enclosures at the top to prevent anyone from
direct access onto the conveyor.
o To allow proper lock-out tag out (to stop the conveyor or to disconnect the conveyor
from its power supply) lockable stop switches must be foreseen near every conveyor
engine or operator’s position.
If such lockable stop switches are not present, a safe alternative must be installed (lock
off of the electrical isolator in the electrical cupboard by a competent operator)

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Switch near motor of conveyer allowing proper lock-out tag-out.
o Emergency stop devices should be suitably located (e.g. trip wires, emergency push
buttons…)
Trip wire along a conveyer.
11. Small mobile steps
 Small mobile steps with more than 2 steps must be equipped with a handrail. It is
recommended to equip all mobile steps with handrail.

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 Small steps that are always used at the same area should preferably be attached to the
equipment
12.Access to unsafe roofs, unsafe tank and silo tops etc…
All access (via ladder, cage ladder, stairs, door, window etc) to unsafe roofs, unsafe tank and
silo tops (see chapter B.2. for definition) must be locked up. The system must be designed as
such that it does NOT introduce new risk when closing or opening the lock / gate.
L
O
C
K
Open Closing Closed

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13. Safety Requirements for new roofs.
All new roofs must comply with the safety requirements of annex 7, Safety requirements for
new roofs

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B. Organizational measures
1. Work Permit
 A work permit must be established for all works at height in case of:
 works near abysses of more than 2 m (6.5 feet).
 scaffolding and safety nets erection, alteration, dismantling and use (except for the
use of scaffolding, lower than 2 m (6.5 feet) by well trained, own employees. List
of trained employees must be available)
 elevated working platform use (except for well trained, own employees. List of
trained employees must be available)
 use of a safety cage in combination with an FLT
 Work permits for roof access

 access to unsafe roofs:
all access for inspection, for repairs, gutter cleaning …. including inspections and
including all constructions of new roofs): risk assessment / method statement /
work permit (see also next item, “2. Roof works, including inspection”)
 access to safe roofs:

o routine jobs on safe roofs: SOP / OPL based upon risk assessment. All
operators who are allowed access need to be trained.
o all works on the roof itself (repairs, changing the structure of the roofs,
bitumen works, …): risk assessment / method statement / work permit
(see also next item, “2. Roof works, including inspection”)
2. Roof Works, including inspection
 A risk assessment must be done on all roofs to indentify safe access roofs and unsafe
access roofs. This risk assessment must result in an inventory. Signs must be placed at all
fixed accesses to roofs (see for example picture beneath)
Safe access roofs are roofs that comply with the following requirements:
o Flat and
o sufficient degree of structural strength and
o protected by a fence or guardrail (or alternatively by a clear marked forbidden
area of 2 m) at the edge and around all openings and weak (fragile) spots such
as skylights , fragile tiles, …
o safely accessible.
All other roofs have to be classified as unsafe access roofs.

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 For all works on all roofs (done by contractors or own employees), a specific risk
assessment /method statement must be prepared by a competent person to make sure
that risks are recognized and assessed and that the appropriate control measures are
specified. It should identify work positions, access routes to the roof and on the roof and
show:
o how falls are to be prevented,
o how danger to those at work below, and to the public, from falling materials is to be
controlled;
o how risks to health will be controlled;
o how other risks identified at planning and survey stages are to be controlled, eg
handling hot bitumen;
o what equipment will be needed;
o what competence and/or training is needed;
o who will supervise the job ‘on site’ – permanent supervision is required
o how changes in the work will be dealt with without affecting safe working; and
o who will be responsible to ensure that the system is effectively controlling risk.
 See annex 5: Guidance for preparing method statement for roof works
Safety nets use during roof works Roof edge protection
 Access to roofs for inspection purposes should be limited as much as possible. Drones
should be used instead where it is possible.
 Inspection and works on fragile roofs.

Inspection and works on fragile roofs imply a severe risk and therefore particular
preventive measures must be taken:
o Assume that roofs are fragile unless you can confirm otherwise - there may be non-
visible damage caused by weathering, deterioration, etc.
o Fragile roofs must always be classified as unsafe roofs (see above). Signs must be
placed / access routes must be locked up (see A.11) / method statement and work
permit must be made (see above)
o Entering a fragile roof is not allowed if it is possible to carry out the inspection /work
in another way,

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 approaching the roof from below (by mobile platform or scaffolding)
 use of a mobile platform (aerial lift) - see A.5
 use of a crane with safety cage see A.5
Roof works with mobile platforms and cranes
o If the inspection / work can not be done by a method described above than the
employees can only set foot on the fragile roof if always proper platforms are used
to support the weight of the employees.
In this case, the method statement must be approved by ZBS ES.
 platforms must be wide enough and long enough to give adequate
support across roof members
 enough platforms must be provided on the roof.
 protection against falling through the fragile roof adjacent to the
platform must be ensured by providing:
o a properly installed safety net, scaffolding or similar close to
the underside of the roof (over the total area where the works
take place); or

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o suitable guard rails and toe boards at the edges of the
platform, or
o a safety harness with double lanyard, attached to approved
anchor points /lifelines (see A.7.)
Platform to work on a fragile roof
Platforms for access on fragile roofs. Note that this type of platform needs to be
combined with additional safety measures below the roof or use of safety
harness at all times.

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o If regular access is needed on fragile roof than proper walkways must be installed.
C. Training
1. Content
 All concerned employees must be trained in the working at heights procedures and the safe
use, erection, alteration, dismantling and storage of height access, fall arrest and lifting
equipment.
 Only employees that are physically and mental capable must be allowed to work at heights.
 Specific training needs:
Who
Scaffolding Accredit expert for supervision of scaffoldings
Safety nets Accredit expert for supervision of safety nets
Roof works All employees (contractors and own) doing roof works must be specifically
trained on the risks and preventive measures associated with roof works
(for contractors: specific training not necessary if they can prove their
competence)
2. Training records.
 Training must be recorded.

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6. Annexes
Annex 1: Scaffolding Checklist.
1. Is the scaffold being erected under the direction of an accredit expert?
2. Is the scaffold inspected by an accredit expert before being put in use?
3. Are all employees involved with the erection, on the scaffold, or near the scaffold
wearing hard hats?
4. Are footings sound and rigid - not set on soft ground, frozen ground (that could melt), or
resting on blocks?
5. Is the scaffold level?
6. Are wheels / castors locked?
7. Is the scaffold able to hold 4 times its maximum intended load?
8. Is the platform complete front to back and side to side (fully planked or decked, with no
gaps greater than 2,5cm)?
9. Are guardrails in place on all open sides and is the handrail 1m high, with a stanchion at
0.5 m?
10. Are kick plates put on the work platform?
11. Are all sections pinned or appropriately secured?
12. Is there a safe way to get on and off the scaffold?
Or safe stairs
Or ladders inside the scaffolding (with hatches on the platform)
Or ladders outside the scaffolding with safety cage
Do the ladders not extend a vertical distance of more than 3 m (10 f)?
13. Is the front face within 35cm of the work (or within 90cm for outrigger scaffolds)?
14. Are scaffold loads (including tools and other equipment) kept to a minimum and
removed when the scaffold is not in use (like at the end of a day) and secured or
removed when the scaffold is moved?
15. Are employees removed from scaffolds during high winds, rain, snow, or bad weather?
16. Are heavy tools, equipment, and supplies hoisted up (rather than carried up by hand)?
17. Is there a scaffold tag on the scaffolding (green / red / yellow) at all times?
Annex 2: Mobile Elevated Working Platform Checklist

Before climbing on the platform check:
1. Tires for proper pressure and wheels for loose or missing lug nuts
2. Steer cylinder, linkage, and tie rods for loose or missing parts, damage, and leaks
3. Hydraulic hoses, lift cylinder, and connections for leaks or loose connections
4. Fuel supply – adequate fuel, filler cap in place, no damage, leaks or spills
5. Hydraulic oil for leaks and fluid levels, battery for fluid level and state of charge
6. Proper connection of all quick disconnect hoses
7. Structural components for damage, broken parts, cracks in welds, including scissor arms,
outrigger arms, and pads
8. Ladder or steps for damage and debris (ladder must be firmly secured to the platform and
relatively free of grease, mud, and dirt)
9. Beacon and warning lights for missing and defective lenses or caps
10. Ground controls (manual and powered) including emergency stop switch and platform
lower/lift switch – for proper function and damaged and missing control sticks/switches
11. Decal and warning signs to make sure they’re clean, legible, and conspicuous

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On the platform
12. Platform assembly for loose and missing parts, missing or loose lock pins and bolts
13. Platform floor for structural damages
Annex 3: Safety Cage + FLT Checklist

FLT inspection:
1. Data plate – must show that the safety cage is approved for use for that particular FLT.
2. Lift an tilt systems – must be fully operational;
3. Hydraulic oil hoses – no leaks;
4. Steering – normal operation;
5. Brakes – normal function;
6. Parking brake – normal function.
Note: If the FLT is being used for the first time on the shift a full shift-handover check must
be carried out.
Safety cage inspection:
1. Spring hinges – operate smoothly and return the gate to the “closed” position;
2. Safety cage is undamaged – no cracks or bends in the frame work or floor area, no
damages to the mesh guard between mast and cage, all guard rails in good condition;
3. Warning notice – is present and readable: the notice must facing the FLT driver which
reads “Ensure that the parking brake is applied and that the transmission in neutral before
elevating the cages
4. Compliance plaque is present and readable: the plaque must mention the weight of the
cage, the maximum allowable load.
Annex 4: Ladder Checklist

1. Ladder is placed on a hard and level surface.
2. Work area is properly secured.
3. Ladder identification marks are clear and readable.
4. Ladder identification shows that ladder is fit for purpose.
5. Ladder feet have good secure non-slip feet or swivel feet fitted.
6. Ladder has no damaged steps.
7. Ladder has not been painted or is contaminated with paint.
8. Ladder rungs are free from material or substances likely to cause slips.
9. Ladder extends at least 1m or 3 rungs above to surface to reach.
10. Extension ladders: sufficient overlap.
11. Ladder is secured on top and base.
12. Ladder is put in angle of 75 degrees.

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Annex 5: Guidance for preparing method statement for roof works*

Risk of falling, Access to roof:
eg getting on/off  Have you discussed access points with the roofing team to reduce
ladders at eaves travel over the roof to a minimum?
Access to roof:  If ladders are used (as opposed to tower scaffolds or stair towers,
which are preferred), is equipment available for hoisting or craning
components up?
 Has the stability of long ladders been considered, eg will they need
staying to reduce whip?
Risk of falling Materials handling:
when walking  How are roofing packs loaded out onto the roof?
past open edges  Is this planned to reduce travel when fetching sheets and does it allow
to fetch for protected routes/safe access?
materials  Splitting packs of different sheet size and reassembling them at ground
level can save travel at height Back-loading sheets onto the
completed roof can reduce travel past open edges
Risk of falling Cranes:
from the  If one is used, who will accept the load or unsling it?
building when  How will they be protected from falling?
unslinging  Have you considered using mobile access equipment for this task?
Risk of falling Edge protection:
outside the  Does the program make sure that eaves, gable ends and other open
building frame edges are protected before work starts? Protection will also be required
exists at all at ridges unless work progresses at the same rate on both roof slopes.
stages of work.  What are the access arrangements for workers installing edge
Gable ends are protection?
particularly
hazardous
Risk of falling on Gutter fixing
both sides of  How will workers be protected from falling? Peripheral edge protection
gutter, ie inside erected for roof workers will not be sufficient at this phase.
and outside the  Has the use of mobile access equipment been considered as a first
building frame priority?
 If the use of a running line or harness and lanyard is specified, who will
erect and test the line, and are workers properly trained and
competent in their use?
Risk of falling Leading edge protection:
from partly  How will you protect the leading edge? Has the use of safety nets been
completed roof considered in the light of legal duties and risk assessment for the total
roofing operation?
 Stagings used as working platforms should be stable and of adequate
width with handrails/running lines specified to suit the working
practices.
 Work done kneeling or bending needs careful attention as the worker’s
centre of gravity can extend over the leading edge.
 What method is specified for moving stagings?
 Is the method of work to be adopted when laying the first sheet
specified? Some architectural features, eg hip ends, will require the

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working methods to be modified. These should be fully described.
 Has fixing ridge capping/flashing been included in the system of work?
Is effective edge protection provided at the gable end of the ridge?
 Does the method statement make it clear at what stage of construction
materials such as liner panels become load bearing? The number and
type of fixings required should be stated. Until this is achieved, they
must be treated as fragile materials, ie unable to sustain someone’s
weight, and protection should be provided as above.
 Have any fragile materials been specified by the designer? If so, can
this be reviewed?
 For refurbishment work on existing roofs, are there any fragile
materials on the roof, eg roof lights? These will have to be protected.
How will this be achieved? If covers are to be used, are they strong
enough, taking account of the span required? How will they be fixed
and what is the system for their removal?
 Zoning the roof into working and non-working areas can reduce the
number of roof lights that need to be protected. Specify the system for
marking out the zones and for doing the work. If barriers marking the
edge of the zones are within 2 m of fragile material, than they should
be a continuous physical barrier – painted lines and warning tape are
not suitable.
 Zoning should take account of travel to the working area by the roof
workers and the need for materials to be moved around the roof. The
system should protect all roof lights within working zones and adjacent
to access routes.
Systems Control  Communication: What are the arrangements for communicating the
method statement and agreeing it with the roofing team?
 Supervision: What are the arrangements for making sure that the work
proceeds according to the method statement?
 Modifications: What are the arrangements for agreeing any
modifications to the method statement and communicating them to the
roofing gang?
 Validation: What are the arrangements for making sure that the
company safety advisor or other nominated competent person has
reviewed, and is satisfied with, the system of work proposed?
* This is not an exhaustive checklist, these are general questions, particularly relevant to low-
pitch industrial roofs consisting of liner sheet, insulation layer and profiled metal top sheet.
Non-standard or unusual systems will need further consideration. Always address risks specific
to an individual site (eg the presence of overhead power lines).

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Annex 6: Guidance for fall protection inspection
Annex 7: Safety requirements for new roofs

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DOCUMENT HISTORY
Description of Version
Version Author Date
Main or important changes since previous version
1.0 Peter Copermans 06-10-2005 First definite version.
Introduction of procedure QUAL.3.2.2.2 ES,
Geerd Jan Operational Standards Implementation Plan.
1.1 Timmers 13-12-2005 Change of numbering in 4.16 OPS ES 6.
Language checks + explanation of certain items.
1.2 Hans Vanhorebeek 30.05.2006 New document owner
VPO Safety Work Group
(Armstrong C., Pagliotti
H., Rogiers G., Initial Safety pillar. Split of Operational standards
2 Copermans P.) 31-05-2008 in separate procedure + review procedure.
Include requirements for Stairs (5.A.8.),
conveyers (5.A.9.) and Mobile steps (5.A.10.).
3 Peter Copermans 31-12-2010 Exceptions for work permit for own employees
Specific roof works requirements
Introduction double lanyard
Guidance for inspection of height access
inspection, annex 6
+ 4B= additional requirements for access to
unsafe roofs (A.11) and requirements with
regards to works on fragile roofs + annex 7,
4 + 4B Peter Copermans 31-01-2012 Safety requirements of new roofs
Requirements for scaffolding mounting
Including Jupille best practice for blocking access
5 Peter Copermans 31-12-2012 on fix ladders
Rephrase requirements for work permits etc. for
6 Peter Copermans 31-12-2013 roof works
Requirement for work permit from 3 to 2 m
Update of the requirements for scaffolding tags
Update of the requirements for access to
scaffolding
Bamboo scaffolding no longer allowed
Exemption for 3 points of contact on ladders for
approved work
Annex 4 bis Ladder checklist OPL example
Update of Annex 7: Safety requirements for new
roofs
Update scaffolding checklist
Requirement of have at least 1 mobile platform
per plant
More stringent requirement for safe roofs:
removed the option to replace guarding by a
clear marked forbidden area of 2 m
Works on fragile roofs – method statement must
7 Peter Copermans 30-09-2015 be approved by ZBS ES
8 Peter Copermans / 31-12-2016 Included chapter A.1.2. MANDATORY

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requirements to prevent SIF working at heights –
overview
Juan Rodriguez Include use of drones

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Level 2 SAFETY Pillar

Date: 31-12-2016 Chapter Safety Fundamentals

2. Scope and definitions

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

Priority Priority setting for working on heights.

2. MANDATORY requirements to prevent SIF working at heights - overview

a. Work Permit / Method Statement/Safety Plan

ALL Working at heights works MUST have a work permit.

Contractors that will participate in working at height activities MUST be pre-approved

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

f. New roofs and significant upgrades of existing roofs

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

3. General Requirements for ALL working at heights equipment

 An inventory of all height access equipment (scaffolding, mobile elevated

Tag on ladder (photo left)

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

 Home made system

 Pits and abysses must be properly covered or screened (preferably by guardrails

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

Only allowed if platform is lower than 3m

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

o Scaffold Inspection Tags - Front side is for recording details of the

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

 Bamboo scaffolding is not allowed

6. Mobile elevated working platforms and safety cages

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

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o A ladder angle of 75 degrees must be ensured (1 m out for every 4 m up)

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

o An exemption for the requirement of 3 points of contact while working on a ladder

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

o Do not work form the top 3 runs.

 NOTE: Fixed ladders

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

8. Fall arrest systems

 Lifeline, Lanyard & Safety Harness

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

Harness Lanyard double lanyard Lifeline

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o A Risk assessment must determine which measures or combination of measures is

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 Behavioral requirements for entry onto a conveyor.

o Entry onto a conveyor must be limited to an absolutely minimum.

o At locations where abnormal circumstances are more frequent, fixed access

Fixed platform along conveyers

Handrails on conveyers. Handrail and support pole on other side

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

Stairs to cross conveyers.

Walking platforms fixed between the conveyers.

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

© AB InBev 31-05-2008 All rights reserved

Switch near motor of conveyer allowing proper lock-out tag-out.

Trip wire along a conveyer.

11. Small mobile steps

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12.Access to unsafe roofs, unsafe tank and silo tops etc…