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    2 Word Classes Nouns and Adjectives

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    The document discusses the different classes of words in the English language, focusing on nouns and adjectives. It defines nouns and adjectives, provides examples of different types of nouns such as proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns and collective nouns. It also discusses countable and uncountable nouns, possessive nouns, comparative and superlative adjectives.

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    2 Word Classes Nouns and Adjectives

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    jangauci123
    13 views16 pages
    The document discusses the different classes of words in the English language, focusing on nouns and adjectives. It defines nouns and adjectives, provides examples of different types of nouns such as proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns and collective nouns. It also discusses countable and uncountable nouns, possessive nouns, comparative and superlative adjectives.

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    The document discusses the different classes of words in the English language, focusing on nouns and adjectives. It defines nouns and adjectives, provides examples of different types of nouns such as proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns and collective nouns. It also discusses countable and uncountable nouns, possessive nouns, comparative and superlative adjectives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views16 pages

    2 Word Classes Nouns and Adjectives

    Uploaded by

    jangauci123
    The document discusses the different classes of words in the English language, focusing on nouns and adjectives. It defines nouns and adjectives, provides examples of different types of nouns such as proper nouns, common nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns and collective nouns. It also discusses countable and uncountable nouns, possessive nouns, comparative and superlative adjectives.

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    of 16

    WORD

    CLASSES:
    nouns and adjectives

    By Nikki Fenech
    • When we think of language, we tend to
    think of words.
    • Words are sorted into classes according
    to the way they function in phrases and
    sentences.

    • There are 8 major word classes:


    Nouns Adjectives Pronouns
    Prepositions Verbs Adverbs

    Conjunctions Determiners
    NOUNS
    • Nouns are often called ‘naming words’. They
    are the names of people, animals, places,
    concepts, ideas, feelings and things.

    • If you wish to test an item to see if it is a noun,


    try putting ‘the’ in front of it. If it is a noun, then
    this can usually be done.
    • Ex: The old vs The man
    • The old does not make sense but The man
    does since the former is an adjective whilst the
    latter is a noun.
    Proper
    Nouns Concrete
    Common
    Abstract
    Collective
    The following are examples of nouns:
    • skirt
    • lemon
    Can you name the type
    • Benjamin
    of noun each one is?
    • pollution
    • cat
    • girl
    • fear
    • Scotland
    Proper Nouns refer to people’s names
    and specific places and usually begin
    with a capital letter.
    Ex: England, Mary, Earth.

    Common Nouns are less specific and


    they refer to types of people, places,
    feelings and objects.
    Ex: village, woman, table, car, family,
    happiness.
    Most nouns are common nouns which can be
    subdivided further into either concrete, abstract
    and collective nouns.
    Concrete Nouns refer to things that exist
    physically, that can be seen directly by our
    eyes, smelt by our nose, touched by our
    hands, heard by our ears and tasted by our
    tongue.
    Ex: lion, milk, boat, toe, music, perfume, team,
    Europeans, colony, tune.
    Most nouns are common nouns which can be
    subdivided further into either concrete,
    abstract and collective nouns.
    Abstract Nouns refer to things that do not exist
    physically, mostly feelings, ideas, and concepts.
    Abstract words are socially constructed by human
    beings such as democracy, government, justice,
    freedom, etc. In other words, abstract nouns are the
    ones that come into the categories of concepts and
    human based ideas.
    Ex: compassion, humility, honesty, friendship.
    Most nouns are common nouns which can be
    subdivided further into either concrete, abstract
    and collective nouns.

    Collective Nouns refer to groups


    of people, animals or objects.
    Ex: herd, choir, crew, gang, family,
    school
    Types
    of
    Nouns
    Common nouns can
    be either :
    • Countable nouns as they
    are individual objects, animals
    and people which can be
    counted.
    • Ex: boxes, computers, oranges,
    dogs
    • Uncountable nouns are
    not individual so they cannot be
    counted.
    • Ex: news, love, information,
    furniture
    Nouns can also be:

    Singular Plural
    ex: a sweet ex: sweets
    an apple apples
    a book books

    Most plurals take an ‘s’ but


    some do not.
    Ex: sheep, teeth, children,
    mice, deer.
    Possessive Nouns
    These nouns show that something belongs to
    somebody by adding an apostrophe or an
    apostrophe followed by an ‘s’.
    Ex: This is Rachel’s book.
    That is Adam’s car.

    An apostrophe alone is added to plural


    words what already end in ‘s’.
    Ex: Those are babies’ toys.
    The students’ classroom is locked.
    Adjectives – are describing words used to
    describe nouns. They are usually placed in front
    of the noun they are describing.

    Ex: An interesting film


    An honest woman
    A beautiful day

    BUT sometimes they appear after


    the noun.
    Ex: The book was boring.
    The girl was intelligent.
    Comparative and superlative adjectives
    Adjectives are used to make comparisons:

    • Today is colder than yesterday.


    • This holiday was more luxurious than last year’s. Comparative
    Adjectives
    • The Maths exam was harder than the English one.

    • The Maths exam was the hardest exam.


    • Today is the coldest day of the season Superlative
    Adjectives
    • Their honeymoon was the most expensive holiday they
    went on.
    Identify the specific word class of the
    following nouns and adjectives:
    • fabulous • London
    • flower • gang
    • discrimination • Maria
    • Israel • worse
    • desk • ship
    • slower • sweaty
    • most beautiful
    • library
    • democracy

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