Sesión 03
Sesión 03
Sesión 03
Sesión 03
Análogamente,
1
Ejemplos
𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)
Aplicando la definición de derivada parcial, calcular , siendo:
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 3
Solución
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦) − 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= Lim
𝜕𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
(𝑥 + ℎ ) 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 3
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 )𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 3
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
= Lim (2𝑥𝑦 3 + 𝑦 3 ℎ)
ℎ→0
= 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟑
𝑥 2 (𝑦 + ℎ )3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 3
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥 2 (𝑦 3 + 3𝑦 2 ℎ + 3𝑦ℎ2 + ℎ3 ) − 𝑥 2 𝑦 3
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ℎ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦ℎ2 + 𝑥 2 ℎ3
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
= Lim (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦ℎ + 𝑥 2 ℎ2 )
ℎ→0
= 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
Solución
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦) − 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= Lim
𝜕𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
1 𝑆𝑒𝑛(5ℎ)
= Lim
𝐶𝑜𝑠(5𝑥 − 3𝑦). 𝐶𝑜𝑠(5𝑥 − 3𝑦) ℎ→0 ℎ
3
5
=
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (5𝑥 − 3𝑦)
1 𝑆𝑒𝑛(−3ℎ)
= Lim
𝐶𝑜𝑠(5𝑥 − 3𝑦). 𝐶𝑜𝑠(5𝑥 − 3𝑦) ℎ→0 ℎ
−3
=
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 (5𝑥 − 3𝑦)
Solución
4
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦) − 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
= Lim
𝜕𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
(𝑥 + ℎ ) 5 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 𝑒 𝑦
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 1
= Lim [(𝑥 + ℎ)5 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 𝑒 𝑦 ]
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 1
= Lim [(𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 4 ℎ + 10𝑥 3 ℎ2 + 10𝑥 2 ℎ3 + 5𝑥ℎ4 + ℎ5 )𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥 5 𝑒 𝑦 ]
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 1
= Lim [(5𝑥 4 ℎ + 10𝑥 3 ℎ2 + 10𝑥 2 ℎ3 + 5𝑥ℎ4 + ℎ5 )𝑒 𝑦 ]
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
= Lim [ (5𝑥 4 + 10𝑥 3 ℎ + 10𝑥 2 ℎ2 + 5𝑥ℎ3 + ℎ4 )𝑒 𝑦 ]
ℎ→0
𝟐
= 𝟓𝒙𝟒 𝒆𝒚
2 2
𝑥 5 𝑒 (𝑦+ℎ) − 𝑥 5 𝑒 𝑦
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2+2𝑦ℎ+ℎ 2 2
𝑥 5𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥 5𝑒 𝑦
= Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 +2𝑦ℎ+ℎ 2 2
𝑒𝑦 − 𝑒𝑦
= 𝑥 5 . Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 2
5
𝑒 𝑦 𝑒 2𝑦ℎ+ℎ − 𝑒 𝑦
= 𝑥 . Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
5 𝑦2
𝑒 2𝑦ℎ+ℎ − 1
= 𝑥 .𝑒 Lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
5
2
5 𝑦2
𝑒 2𝑦ℎ+ℎ − 1 2𝑦ℎ + ℎ2
= 𝑥 .𝑒 Lim [( )( )]
ℎ→0 2𝑦ℎ + ℎ2 ℎ
2 2𝑦ℎ + ℎ2
= 𝑥 5 . 𝑒 𝑦 Lim ( )
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
= 𝑥 5 . 𝑒 𝑦 Lim (2𝑦 + ℎ)
ℎ→0
𝟐
= 𝟐𝒚. 𝒙𝟓 . 𝒆𝒚
𝜕 𝜕𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)
1. (𝐴. 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ± 𝐵. 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)) = 𝐴. ± 𝐵. , ∀𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ ℛ
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
2. (𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦). 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)) = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦). + 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦).
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦). ( )
3.
𝜕 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
( )= 𝜕𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 . 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) [𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦)]2
Ejemplos
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
1. 𝐸𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟: , 𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 1.343, 𝑦 = −1.237
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑎) 𝑧 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝐿𝑛(𝑦)
Solución
6
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= 6𝑥𝑦 − 2𝐿𝑛(|𝑦|) → ≈ −10.393
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑧 1 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 → ≈ 7.582
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝑏) 𝑧 = 𝑆𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 2 ). 𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝑦 3 )
Solución
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= 6𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠(3𝑥 2 ). 𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝑦 3 ) → ≈ −3.891
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= 6𝑦 2 𝑆𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 2 ). 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 (2𝑦 3 ) → ≈ −10.994
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
2𝑦
𝑐) 𝑧 = 𝑒 −5𝑦 . 𝐿𝑛 ( )
𝑥
Solución
𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2𝑦 1 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= −𝑒 −5𝑦 . ( ) . ( 2 ) = −𝑒 −5𝑦 . → ≈ −361.439
𝜕𝑥 2𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑧 2𝑦 ′ 2𝑦
= 𝑒 −5𝑦 . [𝐿𝑛 ( )] + 𝐿𝑛 ( ) . [𝑒 −5𝑦 ]′
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 2𝑦 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= 𝑒 −5𝑦 . ( ) . ( ) + 𝐿𝑛 (| |) . 𝑒 −5𝑦 . (−5) → ≈ −1875.179
2𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑆𝑒𝑐(3𝑥𝑦 2 )
𝑑) 𝑧 =
𝐿𝑛(5𝑥 )
Solución
′ ′
𝜕𝑧 (𝐿𝑛(5𝑥)). (𝑆𝑒𝑐(3𝑥𝑦 2 )) − (𝑆𝑒𝑐(3𝑥𝑦 2 )). (𝐿𝑛(5𝑥))
=
𝜕𝑥 [𝐿𝑛(5𝑥)]2
1
𝐿𝑛(5𝑥 ). 𝑆𝑒𝑐 (3𝑥𝑦 2 ). 𝑇𝑎𝑛(3𝑥𝑦 2 ). (3𝑦 2 ) − 𝑆𝑒𝑐 (3𝑥𝑦 2 ). (5𝑥) . (5)
=
[𝐿𝑛(5𝑥)]2
𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
→ ≈ −0.494
𝜕𝑥
7
𝜕𝑧 𝑆𝑒𝑐 (3𝑥𝑦 2 ). 𝑇𝑎𝑛(3𝑥𝑦 2 ). (6𝑥𝑦) 𝜕𝑧(1.343, −1.237)
= → ≈ 0.625
𝜕𝑦 𝐿𝑛(5𝑥) 𝜕𝑦
1 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
2. 𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑧 = (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )2 . 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝑥 ( ) + 𝑦 ( ) = 2𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Solución
𝜕𝑧 1 4 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 4 )−2 (4𝑥 3 )
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕𝑧 1 4 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 4 )−2 (4𝑦 3 )
𝜕𝑦 2
Reemplazando:
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 1 1 1 1
𝑥( ) + 𝑦 ( ) = 𝑥 [ (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )−2 (4𝑥 3 )] + 𝑦 [ (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )−2 (4𝑦 3 )]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2 2
1 1
= 2𝑥 4 (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )−2 + 2𝑦 4 (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )−2
1
= 2(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )−2
(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )
=2 1
( 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )2
1
(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 ) (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )2
=2 1 1
(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )2 (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )2
1
= 2( 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )2
= 2𝑧
𝜕𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑎) 𝑏)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Solución
8
Vamos a realizar el siguiente cambio de variable:
𝑚 = (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑥
𝑛 = 3(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦
Luego,
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑚 − 𝑛
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑎)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑚 𝜕𝑛
= −
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑚
Cálculo de :
𝜕𝑥
𝑚 = (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑥
𝐿𝑛(𝑚) = 𝑥𝐿𝑛(𝑥 2 + 1)
1 𝜕𝑚 1
= 𝐿𝑛(𝑥 2 + 1) + 𝑥 ( 2 ) (2𝑥 )
𝑚 𝜕𝑥 𝑥 +1
𝜕𝑚 2𝑥 2
= 𝑚 [𝐿𝑛(𝑥 2 + 1) + ( 2 )]
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 +1
𝜕𝑚 2𝑥 2
= (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑥 [𝐿𝑛(𝑥 2 + 1) + ( 2 )]
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 +1
𝜕𝑛
Cálculo de 𝜕𝑥 :
𝑛 = 3 (𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦
𝜕𝑛
= 3𝑦(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 )𝑦−1
𝜕𝑥
Luego, reemplazando:
9
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑚 𝜕𝑛
= −
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝟐𝒙𝟐
= (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒙 [𝑳𝒏(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) + ( 𝟐 )] − 𝟑𝒚(𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙)𝒚−𝟏
𝜕𝑥 𝒙 +𝟏
𝜕𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑏)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑚 𝜕𝑛
= −
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑚
Cálculo de :
𝜕𝑦
𝑚 = (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑥
𝜕𝑚
=0
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑛
Cálculo de 𝜕𝑦:
𝑛 = 3 (𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦
𝑛
= (𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ) 𝑦
3
𝑛
𝐿𝑛 ( ) = 𝐿𝑛(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 )𝑦
3
𝑛
𝐿𝑛 ( ) = 𝑦 𝐿𝑛(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 )
3
3 1 𝜕𝑛 1
( ) = 𝐿𝑛(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑦 ( 2 ) (2𝑦)
𝑛 3 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 +𝑥
𝜕𝑛 2
2𝑦 2
)
= 𝑛 [𝐿𝑛(𝑦 + 𝑥 + ( 2 )]
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 +𝑥
𝜕𝑛 2 𝑦 [𝐿𝑛(𝑦 2
2𝑦 2
(
=3 𝑦 +𝑥 ) )
+𝑥 +( 2 )]
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 +𝑥
Luego, reemplazando:
10
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝑚 𝜕𝑛
= −
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) 2𝑦 2
= 0 − 3(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 )𝑦 [𝐿𝑛(𝑦 2 + 𝑥 ) + ( 2 )]
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 +𝑥
𝜕𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝟐 𝒚 𝟐
𝟐𝒚𝟐
= −𝟑(𝒚 + 𝒙) [𝑳𝒏(𝒚 + 𝒙) + ( 𝟐 )]
𝜕𝑦 𝒚 +𝒙
11