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    Aadi CN1

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Sharma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Aadi CN1

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Sharma
    25 views6 pages

    Original Title

    AADI CN1

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    25 views6 pages

    Aadi CN1

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Sharma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    TRANSMISSION MEDIA: Transmission media is a communication channel that

    transmits information from the source/transmitter to the receiver.


    IT IS OF 2 TYPES:

    1. GUIDED TRANMISSION MEDIA (WIRED MEDIA)


    2. UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA(WIRELESS MEDIA)

    1. GUIDED TRANMISSION MEDIA: Guided media are also known as wired


    or bounded media. These media consist of wires through which the data
    is transferred.

    IT IS OF 3 TYPES:-

    1. COXIAL CABLE: These guided transmission media contain an insulation


    layer that transmits information in baseband mode and broadband
    mode. Coaxial cables are made of PVC/Teflon and two parallel
    conductors that are separately insulated.
    The coaxial cable transmits information in two modes:

    i. Baseband transmission: It is defined as the process of


    transmitting a single signal at high speed.
    ii. Broadband transmission: It is defined as the process of
    transmitting multiple signals simultaneously.
    Advantages:

    i. High Bandwidth
    ii. Better noise Immunity
    iii. Easy to install and expand
    iv. Inexpensive
    Disadvantages:

    i. Single cable failure can disrupt the entire network


    Applications:

    i. Radio frequency signals are sent over coaxial wire.


    ii. It can be used for cable television signal distribution, digital audio
    (S/PDIF), computer network connections (like Ethernet), and feed
    lines that connect radio transmitters and receivers to their antennas.

    2. FIBRE OPTICS: It uses the concept of refraction of light through a core


    made up of glass or plastic. The core is surrounded by a less dense glass
    or plastic covering called the cladding. It is used for the transmission of
    large volumes of data.

    Advantages:

    i. Increased capacity and bandwidth


    ii. Lightweight
    iii. Less signal attenuation
    iv. Immunity to electromagnetic interference
    v. Resistance to corrosive materials
    Disadvantages:

    i. Difficult to install and maintain


    ii. High cost
    iii. Fragile
    Applications:

    i. Medical Purpose: Used in several types of medical instruments.


    ii. Defense Purpose: Used in transmission of data in aerospace.
    iii. For Communication: This is largely used in formation of internet
    cables.
    iv. Industrial Purpose: Used for lighting purposes and safety measures in
    designing the interior and exterior of automobiles.

    3. TWISTED PAIR CABLE: It consists of 2 separately insulated conductor


    wires wound about each other. Generally, several such pairs are bundled
    together in a protective sheath. They are the most widely used
    Transmission Media.
    Twisted Pair Cable is of two types:

    i. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): UTP consists of two insulated


    copper wires twisted around one another. This type of cable
    has the ability to block interference and does not depend on a
    physical shield for this purpose.
    Advantages:

    i. Least expensive
    ii. Easy to install
    iii. High-speed capacity
    Disadvantages:

    i. Susceptible to external interference


    ii. Lower capacity and performance in comparison to STP
    iii. Short distance transmission due to attenuation
    Applications:

    Used in telephone connections and LAN network.


    ii. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): This type of cable consists of a
    special jacket (a copper braid covering or a foil shield) to block
    external interference.
    Advantages:

    i. Better performance at a higher data rate in comparison to UTP


    ii. Eliminates crosstalk
    iii. Comparatively faster
    Disadvantages:

    i. Comparatively difficult to install and manufacture


    ii. More expensive
    iii. Bulky
    Applications:

    The shielded twisted pair type of cable is most frequently used in extremely
    cold climates, where the additional layer of outer covering makes it perfect for
    withstanding such temperatures or for shielding the interior components.
    2. UNGUIDED TRANMISSION MEDIA: It is also referred to as Wireless or
    Unbounded transmission media. No physical medium is required for the
    transmission of electromagnetic signals.

    IT IS OF 3 TYPES:-

    1. RADIOWAVES: These are easy to generate and can penetrate through


    buildings. The sending and receiving antennas need not be aligned.
    Frequency Range: 3 KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM radios and cordless phones
    use Radio waves for transmission.

    Further Categorized as:


    1. Terrestrial
    2. Satellite

    2. MICROWAVES: It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and


    receiving antennas need to be properly aligned with each other. The
    distance covered by the signal is directly proportional to the height of
    the antenna. Frequency Range: 1GHz – 300GHz. These are majorly used
    for mobile phone communication and television distribution.
    3. INFRARED: Infrared waves are used for very short distance
    communication. They cannot penetrate through obstacles. This prevents
    interference between systems. Frequency Range: 300GHz – 400THz. It is
    used in TV remotes, wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.

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