Yahia Close Up Second Term

Unit 8
Media Matters (Reading)

Vocabulary Definition
App (abbrev) abbreviation for ‘application’: a program on a computer
or mobile phone designed to do a particular job
Balance (n) a fair position between two things at which both are
the same level
Beyond (prep) outside the limits of a subject, activity, etc.
Book (v) to make arrangements to stay in a place, eat at a
restaurant, etc. on a particular date or time
Bunch (n) a group
Capture (v) to take (a photo or video footage)
Cliff (n) a high area of land next to the sea
Destination (n) the place where you are going
Edge (n) the part of sth furthest from its centre
Filmmaker (n) sb who directs or makes films
Footage (n) a film or part of a film of sth
Increase (n) a rise in number, amount or value
Inevitably (adv) not surprising
Jut (v) to be further forward, or to stick out
Knock-on effect (n) sth that causes other results to follow indirectly
Let’s face it (exp.) let’s be honest
Like (n) comment, or one-click reaction from other users who
like your posts
Litter (n) rubbish in the street
Necessarily (adv) in all cases
Nightlife (n) entertainment available in the evening and at night
Partly (adv) not completely
Platform (n) a place where you can communicate your ideas or
share images and videos, etc. in public
Printed (adj) which has been printed on paper
Promote (v) to advertise
Purchase (v) to buy
Shot (n) a photo
Steep (adj) this describes a slope that goes up or down very quickly
Thus (adv) because of this; as a result of this
Troll (n) a creature, especially in Scandinavian stories, which
looks like an ugly person
Whilst (conj) although; whereas
Widen (v) to make sth wider; to become wider
Worth (n) the amount of money sth costs or can be sold for
Page 1
Read and write T (True) or F (False).
The new media revolution
A. The internet, especially social media, has led to the creation of new types of content, shared using
new online methods and tools such as podcasts, blogs and websites, and video- and music-
streaming services. These types of ‘new media’ are taking the place of traditional media such as
paper books, newspapers, magazines, radio and television.
B. New media also gives everyone a voice. Anyone can write a blog or record a podcast for free and
reach thousands, maybe even millions, of people. In the past, the media was controlled by only a
few companies and the content was controlled by their budgets and areas of interest. This is the
true revolution: anyone can now create media content.
C. The way that we deal with content has also changed. In the old days, we would sit back and watch
TV, listen to the radio or read a newspaper. Now we are a lot more active and can comment, ‘like’
and share digital content. We’ve also got a lot more control over what we see, when we see it and
how we see it, as it’s available on different platforms such as mobile phones, laptops and tablets.
This means we, the audience, have a lot more power than before, which has even earned us a new
title: readers, listeners and viewers have all become ‘users’.
D. This new, democratic media also has its issues though. For those creating media, as there is a huge
amount of content now available, it can be very hard to get theirs seen. For the people on the
receiving end – those reading, listening or watching the content – new media, especially the news,
can be much less accurate and reliable than traditional media, which is required to meet certain
standards and is generally checked before being shared publicly.
E. Traditional media has certainly suffered a lot in the last decade with the arrival of new media.
Traditional organisations have had to reinvent themselves in order to stay alive. As the old saying
goes, ‘if you can’t beat them, join them!’ And that’s exactly what traditional media businesses are
doing: moving their content online and exploring the variety of tools new media offers.
F. Nobody knows for sure what media and technology will look like in a few years, but we can safely
say that it will be very different from what we see today. CD-ROMs, DVDs and MP3 players are
just some examples of technology that has already become old-fashioned quickly. In the same
way, popular ways of accessing the media today will soon be replaced by new technology, in what
we can call a ‘new new media’.
1. _________ Paragraph B explains the title.

2. _________ Paragraph C compares how we used media before to how we use it now.
3. _________ Paragraph D gives other advantages of new media.
4. _________ Paragraph E says that old media content will disappear completely.
5. _________ Paragraph F talks about the future of new media and how it may be shared.
Gove one word
1. ____________ entertainment available in the evening and at night
2. ____________ a rise in number, amount or value
3. ____________ which has been printed on paper
4. ____________ a high area of land next to the sea
5. ____________ this describes a slope that goes up or down very quickly
Page 2
Unit 8
Media Matters (Vocabulary)
Attachment (n) sth extra that you send with an email (attach :v, attached
:adj)
Blog (n) a website where somebody puts new information regularly
(blog :v), (blogger(n) :sb who writes a blog
Camera operator sb who operates a TV camera
(n)
Chat room (n) an area on the internet where people can write messages
to each other, often on one subjec
E-book (n) a book which you read downloaded on your computer or
other electronic device
File (n) a set of data on a computer(file :v)
Follower (n) a person who admires a particular person, sport, idea, etc.
(follow :v, following :adj, n)
Google (v) to search for information on the internet by writing
words on the GoogleTM search engine
Headline (n) the title of a news story
Helpline (n) a phone service or chat room that offers support on a
particular problem
Homepage (n) the main page of information on a website
Host (n) sb who talks to the guests on a TV or radio show
Influencer (n) sb who uses social media to affect other people’s opinions
or knowledge about sth (influence :n, v), influential :adj)
Journal (n) a magazine, usually on a particular subject
Journalist (n) a person who writes news stories for newspapers and/or
other media (journalism, journal (n))
Offline (adj) not connected to the internet(offline (adv) (Opp.: online)
Online profile (n) a short description that you give with details about yourself
on the internet
Screen time (n) the amount of time spent looking at a screen on a device
Search engine (n) a program that finds data from an online network
Selfie (n) a photo that you take of yourself
Truthful (adj) telling the truth, not lies; honest
Voicemail (n) a phone service that stores messages that you can listen to
later
Web chat (n) an area on the internet where people can write messages
to discuss things with each other
Page 3
(ClassWork)
Choose the correct answers.
1. Is Instagram the best social media _________ for sharing photos with friends?
a) platform b) app c) destination d) blog
2. The photographer managed to _________ the light beautifully in this image.
a) shoot b) book c) purchase d) capture
3. They _________ a new washing machine yesterday for 400 euros.
a) widen b) purchased c) increased d) filed
4. I had to get off my bicycle and push it up the _________ hill.
a) inevitable b) wide c) attached d) steep
5. I prefer to read _________ books rather than those in digital form.
a) e- b) app c) printed d) purchased
6. If you go to school when you have the flu, it will have a knock-on _________ on the
health of your classmates and their families.
a)influence b) effect c) balance d) issue
7. You don’t _________ have to be an expert to set up a website.
a) inevitably b) thus c) necessarily d) partly
8. What he did was _________our imagination.
a) beyond b) alongside c) whilst d) worth
9. You can check _________ the price of hotels on this website.
a)in b) out c) on d) up
10._________ of the war can be seen in documentaries about those
a) Footage b) Landmark c) Popularity d) Attachment
11.Don't write too much personal information in your online _________.
a) homepage b) selfie c) profile d) web chat
12.In a web_________ on the group’s Facebook page, the members arranged to meet in
person for a social event.
a) site b) group c) engine d) chat
13.To get an idea of what something costs, just _________ it to compare prices online.
a) book b) blog c) google d) follow
14.Perhaps parents should try to limit their own screen _________ as an example to
their children.
a)effect b) episode c) file d) time
15.This _________ on my computer is called HW01 because it was the first homework
task I did this year.
a) attachment b) file c) headline d) shot
Page 4
Rewrite with words in the box
1. He had lost his phone. Because of this, it was impossible for him to call for help.
[Rewrite with an adverb]
________________________________________________________________
2. The river _________________( wide) as it got closer to the sea.
[Rewrite with the correct form of the word]
3. There has been a rise in number in crime in this area.
[Rewrite with one word]
________________________________________________________________
4. The band made a video clip to advertise their latest song.
[Rewrite with a synonym]
________________________________________________________________
5. The dangers of giving personal information to strangers goes together with the use
of social media.
[Rewrite with a preposition]
________________________________________________________________
6. Let’s be honest, you’re terrible at singing, so you’ll never win the talent contest.
[Rewrite with an expression]
________________________________________________________________
7. Although most awards go to male filmmakers, there are an increasing number of
women involved who deserve more attention for their efforts.
________________________________________________________________
8. Ballroom dancing has really become popular and fashionable since the TV reality
show 'Dancing with the Stars' was first broadcast.
[Rewrite with a phrasal verb]
________________________________________________________________
9. The main page of information on a website is called:
_____________________________.
[Complete with one word]
10.You should discuss this important topic with your teacher.
________________________________________________________________
Comlete the sentences with words from the box.
blogger – camera operator – journalist – influencer – follower –
host – filmmaker
1. Jennifer Lee became a popular _______________ with the children’s film Frozen.
2. I write a blog on sport and I have a large number of _______________.
3. The travel _______________’s main aim was to earn money from advertisements.
4. The ______________ wrote a long article about the war.
5. Laura’s fashion blog has made her a well-known ______________ on social media.
6. The talk show ______________ announced that his special guests that day would be
Lady Gaga and Kanye West.
7. The ______________ took instructions from the director.
Page 5
(HomeWork)
1. Eating these foods with tons of calories and fat on a regular basis _________ leads to
obesity.
a) necessarily b) increasingly c) inevitably d) partly
2. If your bank card is lost or stolen, call the _________ immediately to report it.
a) influencer b) headline c) search engine d) helpline
3. I can write emails _________ and send them later when I get a WiFi connection
a)offline b) voicemail c) online d) attachment
4. When she checked her _________, she realised she had missed an important call
from her boss.
5. a)voicemail b)email c) messages d) web page
6. I usually use Google as a search _________.
a)web b) energy c) engine d) homepage
7. You can _________up words in a dictionary if you don’t understand them.
a)hang b) catch c)bring d) look
8. I thought the online profile belonged to my cousin in Canada, but I was _________. It
was another person with the same name.
a)mistaken b) balanced c) promoted d)captured
9. My smartphone doesn’t have enough memory to download any more _________.
a)websites b)apps c) blogs d) shots
10.We’re going to _________ a holiday in Italy this summer.
a)book b) promote c) capture d) widen
11.If you want to read some of his new book, visit his _________.
a) footage b) landmark c) nightlife d) blog
12.Please don’t drop _________ in the park. Put it in the bins provided.
a)litre b) litter c) files d) issues
13.The Eiffel Tower is a famous _________ that can be seen for miles in the centre of
Paris.
a) landmark b) destination c) nightlife d) popularity
14.Dan is trying to find a _________ between his work and his family life.
a) recognition b) platform c) balance d) worth
15.On today’s holiday programme, our _________ is Brazil.
a) destination b) recognition c)promotion d) attachment
Page 6
Rewrite with words in the box
1. You don’t necessary have to be an expert to set up a website.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
2. I think I can help fix your laptop. Just wait a moment while I find the right
programme.
________________________________________________________________
3. Julia was so annoyed that she hung on the phone before the unknown caller could
say any more.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
4. I’ll make a short visit to Grandma on my way to the shops.
________________________________________________________________
5. Jerry can’t come to the phone at the moment, so he’ll have to call you over.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
6. Using a special underwater camera, the photographer took a beautiful photo of the
shark.
________________________________________________________________
7. I shared the news with a group of friends on social media.
________________________________________________________________
8. The singer’s_____________( popular)increased with his new video, which was
promoted on social media.
________________________________________________________________
9. Small balconies stick out from the sides of the hotel.
________________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences with words from the box.
headline – helpline – homepage – offline – online – attachment – selfie –
like – search engine – voicemail – google
1. My photos don’t always get many_______________.
2. I like to go _______________ every few hours so I can concentrate.
3. Some _______________ are incredibly misleading.
4. I sent my CV as an _______________ with the email.
5. I _______________ the train times for the weekend.
6. You take so many _______________ .You should get a selfi stick.
7. If you can’t get through, just leave a _______________.
8. A _______________ can help you find information.
9. Message the _______________ if you need assistance.
10.I updated the _______________ for the website with new photos.
Page 7
Unit 8
Media Matters (Use your English)
Phrasal verb Definition
bring over to take sb/sth to a place
bring up to mention a subject
call back to phone sb who has phoned you earlier
call in to make a short visit
catch on to become popular and fashionable
catch up to talk with sb to share each other’s news
check (sb/sth) out to look at sb/sth to see if it is interesting or useful
hang on to wait or be patient
hang up to end a phone call
look at to think carefully about something in order to make a
decision
look up to look for information about sth, e.g. in a dictionary,
book or the internet
Complete the phrasal verbs with the correct preposition.
over – up – back – on – at - in - out
1. Will you bring _______________ my books when you come?
2. I can’t believe he brought _______________ my bad exam results again!
3. They need to look _______________ what train they need to catch.
4. Hang _______________ a minute and I’ll find out.
5. I need to call my brother _______________when I finish studying.
6. I don’t think these new photos will catch_______________.
7. We’re looking forward to catching _______________ with Simon next week.
8. I’ll call _______________ on my friend on my way back from college.
9. My mum hates hanging _______________ the phone first.
10.I try not to look _______________ too many words in the dictionary at a time, not to
get confused.
Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–8) with the endings (a–h).
1 Unfortunately, Masha brought a up without saying goodbye. _____
2 I asked Patrick to bring his charger cable b back after the meeting. _____
3 I told her to hang c on, but it’s hugely popular now. _____
4 If you need to know, you can look it d in on your way to the cinema. _____
5 I hate it when people hang e up the subject of politics at
dinner. _____
6 I left a message for him to call me f on while I went back for my
phone. _____
7 I didn’t think that TikTok would catch g over because I’ve lost mine. _____
8 Mum would love it if you called h up online. _____
Page 8
Unit 8
Grammar
The Passive Voice: Tenses
We use the passive voice when
1. the action is more important than who or what is responsible for it.
• Two people were injured during the robbery.
2. we don’t know who did the action.
• You can use the computer now. It was repaired yesterday.
The passive is formed with the verb be and a past participle. Notice how the active verb
forms change to passive verb forms.
Tense Active Passive

Present Simple take/takes am/are/is taken
Present Continuous am/are/is taking am/are/is being taken
Past Simple took was/were taken
Past Continuous was/were taking was/were being taken
Present Perfect Simple have/has taken have/has been taken
Past Perfect Simple had taken had been taken
Future Simple will take will be taken
The Passive Voice: Gerunds, Infinitives & Modals
Tense Active Passive

Modal can take can be taken
Gerund taking being taken
Bare Infinitive take be taken
Full Infinitive to take to be taken
Examples:
• Surveillance cameras should be installed here to prevent crimes.

• He avoided being recognised by wearing dark glasses.
• The project had better be finished by tomorrow.
• The battery needs to be recharged.
Page 9
(ClassWork)
Read the text below and complete each blank.
The Loch Ness Monster (1)________________ thought to be
one of the world’s most famous mysteries. Nessie, as her
fans call her, is believed (2)________________ be living in
the Scottish loch (lake) Ness. Scientists as well as ordinary
people (3)________________ fascinated by the mystery of
the existence of a very large living creature which
(4)________________ still unknown to science. However, it
is very unlikely for an animal to (5)________________ living
in Loch Ness, as it is deep, dark, very cold and almost lifeless.
Arthur Grant is alleged to (6)________________
encountered Nessie on January 5th, 1934. Being a veterinary
student himself, he gave a detailed description of the animal
which matched the portrait of a plesiosaur- a prehistoric
aquatic reptile which had (7)________________ considered
extinct for more than sixty million years. Nevertheless, many sonar and photographic
recordings (8)________________ been obtained (9)________________ several scientific
teams over the years. Unfortunately, none of them could (10)________________ used
to provide any form of evidence that Nessie exists. Long-necked water monsters are
(11)________________ detected every now and then in several other Scottish lochs. For
this reason, Scotland has become a popular holiday destination and
(12)________________ visited by millions of tourists every year.
Choose the correct answer.

1. You can’t enter the studio while the programme _________.
a) was filmed b) filmed c) has filmed d) is being filmed
2. These photos _________ with a forty-year-old camera.
a) were taken b) were taking c) will be taken d) being taken
3. After the newspaper _________ over by new owners, few journalists lost their jobs.
a) will be taken b) has taken c) had been taken d) took
4. It is expected that lots of copies of the new magazine _________.
a) were sold b) will sell c) will be sold d) will have sold
5. He has always been considered _________ one of the greatest actors in Britain.
a) being b) to be c) will be d) is
6. This magazine _________ in over twenty languages.
a) is printed b) is printing c) will print d) being printed
7. The story was so important that it had _________ by one of the top reporters.
a) be covered b) to be covered c) was covered d) to cover
8. The program must _________ broadcast in the morning, as it is for the housewives.
a) will be b) is c) being d) be
9. The filming of the series is expected _________ next month.
a) being completed b) will be completed
c) to be completed d) completed
Page 10
10.The actor’s clothes _________ by a well-known designer in Paris.
a) are making b) have made
c) have been made d) to be made
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence.
1. They had to postpone the match until next week,
put
The match________________________________________ until next week.
2. We haven't told anyone about the change in our plans,
informed
No one________________________________________ the change in our plans.
3. We had to go up the stairs because someone was using the lift,
so
The lift________________________________________ we had to go up the
stairs.
4. Experts believe that the landslides were caused by recent floods,
resulted
The landslides are________________________________________ recent floods.
5. She doesn't let him smoke in the house,
allowed
He________________________________________ in the house.
6. We mustn't park on the yellow line,
forbidden
It________________________________________ on the yellow line.
7. The teacher saw two students leave the school,
were
Two students________________________________________ the school.
8. The coach let the players take the day off.
permission
The players________________________________________ take the day off.
Page 11
(HomeWork)
Read the text below and complete each blank.
The Great Wall of China (1)_______________________
known to be over 1900 kilometres long, making it by far the
longest wall in the world. The building of the wall is said
(2)_______________________ have begun in the third
century BC (3)_______________________ the Emperor
Shih Huangti.The reason it (4)_______________________
built was to keep the Huns out of Central Asia. A lot of effort
was put (5)_______________________ constructing the
wall. It is (6)_______________________ of earth, stone
and brick and its highest section is close to nine metres. Over the centuries, the wall has
often (7)_______________________ added to, rebuilt and repaired. This was done to
give China protection (8)_______________________ invaders. Despite its size, however,
the wall failed to (9)______________________ a stop to invading armies such as the
Mongols and the Manchus. The wall is still of great importance, as it divides Inner China
from Outer China. What is (10)________________________ it is useful for dividing the
region into cultivated land and pastureland.The Great Wall holds another impressive
record which won't (11)_______________________ surpassed for quite a while; it is the
only man-made structure visible from space. It is no wonder that most travel guides refer
(12)_______________________ the Great Wall of China as the world's greatest tourist
attraction.
1. Smoking _________ in this room.
a) aren’t allowed b) is allowed
c) isn’t allowed d) allowed
2. Many cars _________ in Japan these days.
a) produce b) is produced c) are produced d) were produced
3. The device _________ by the technician yesterday.
a) tested b) is tested c) was tested d) will be tested
4. H. W _________ by Ahmed yet.
a) is done b) haven’t done
c) hasn’t been done d) has done
5. The concert _________ next week.
a) will started b) will be started c) started d) start
6. He wanted his portrait to_________ at the exhibition.
a) be paint b) be show c) be displayed d) seen
7. The program _________ next season.
a) presented b) be presented c) presents d) will be presented
8. The book needs to _________ one more time.
a) edited b) be edited c) edit d) be edit
9. The magazine cover _________ by the publisher next week.
a) will change b) will be changed
c) changed d) was changed
10. Cotton _________ by farmers in Egypt every year.
a) is grown b) are grown c) was grown d) must grow
Page 12
Re-write the following sentences starting with the words in brackets.
1. Tina has won the competition.
[Rewrite with: The competition]
________________________________________________________________
2. Jack and his friends are eating the cake.
[Rewrite with: The cake]
________________________________________________________________
3. The teacher knows that Adam is polite.
[Rewrite with: Adam]
________________________________________________________________
4. My grandmother thinks the Internet is a curse.
[Rewrite with: The internet]
________________________________________________________________
5. Adam will clean his room today.
[Rewrite with: The room]
________________________________________________________________
6. Men consider dogs to be their best friends.
[Rewrite with: Dogs]
________________________________________________________________
7. Lara had gone to the club before she went home.
[Rewrite with: The club]
________________________________________________________________
8. Mike thinks this movie is the best.
[Rewrite with: This movie]
________________________________________________________________
9. That gym had been gone to by people last year.
[ Rewrite with: People]
________________________________________________________________
10.The match is being played
[Rewrite with: The players]
________________________________________________________________
Page 13
Communication skills
Read the article about social media tourism.
Is it time to ‘unhashtag’?
A
Whether it’s in Italy, Malaysia or Australia, the story is almost the same: thousands of tourists at
every sight, forming ‘selfie queues’ everywhere. In order to get the ‘perfect photo’ to upload to
their social media feed, they sometimes behave badly, for example by being rude to others or
breaking local rules. In the worst cases, they have damaged the environment or have even risked
injuring themselves to get that special picture.
B
The behaviour of these wannabe influencers has caused a reaction from tourist spots. The
beautiful capital city of Austria, for instance, has recently been trying to get its visitors to
‘Unhashtag Vienna’, encouraging them to put down their phones and enjoy ‘the really important,
beautiful and enjoyable moments’ of their holiday. Phrases like ‘See Vienna, not #Vienna’ and
‘Enjoy the city behind your pics’ are displayed in airports and magazines.
C
Vienna is not the only tourist destination to take a brave step against the rise of ‘social media
tourism’. The Taj Mahal in India has reduced visiting time in order to keep tourists moving and
stop selfie queues. Cities popular with tourists, like Venice and Amsterdam, are also starting to
control the number of visitors that can stay overnight.
D
However, as much as the behaviour of some social media users on holiday can spoil other people’s
experiences, there are also many positive sides to this trend. Nowadays, digital tourists can ‘make
or break’ any destination. This means that many of the over one billion Instagram users, for
example, especially from the younger generation, choose their next holiday location from the
photograph-sharing platform. This can cause a huge increase in tourist numbers in some areas.
E
Local shops and restaurants, especially small ones who cannot afford to spend a lot of money on
advertisements, are often the ones that benefit the most from appearing for free on social media.
Many have already noticed this and have made an effort to make their site more ‘instagrammable’
by creating colourful backgrounds for photos or giving customers discounts when they add
location hashtags to their photos.
F
There are also a number of advantages for the visitors themselves. We have known for a long time
that photos are excellent souvenirs of our trips, but in the digital age, looking at other people’s
feeds can provide real-time information on tourist sights we are planning to visit that day, such as
the local weather and the size of the queues.
G
Does Vienna have a point though? After all, of the 95 million photos that are uploaded daily on
Instagram, many are taken on holiday. Maybe it is time to stop worrying about recording every
single moment of our trips. There is no doubt that the world is better when you’re connected to it
and it is nice to have something to remember our experiences. However, isn’t it even more
important to enjoy those experiences in the first place?
Page 14
For questions 1–10, choose from the paragraphs (A–G). The paragraphs may be chosen
more than once.
Which paragraph
1. ___________ describes the benefits of social media tourism for travellers?
2. ___________ says how the writer thinks people should spend their time on holiday?
3. ___________ describes a place where they are trying to change tourist’s behaviour?
4. ___________ mentions the idea that some businesses welcome social media tourism?
5. ___________ mentions the idea that destinations become more or less popular
because of social media?
6. ___________ includes the opinion that it takes courage to ask tourists to behave
differently?
7. ___________ mentions that some tourists do not enjoy their holidays because of
social media tourism?
8. ___________ includes the opinion that having souvenirs of a trip should not be the
most important thing?
9. ___________ describes places where new rules for tourists have been introduced?
10.___________ mentions people who did something dangerous?
Dialogue
Complete the following dialogue.
Policeman :(1)…………………………………………………………………?
Fireman : The house burned down.
Policeman :(2)…………………………………………………………………?
Fireman : The man fell asleep while he was smoking a cigarette.
Policeman :(3)…………………………………………………………………?
Fireman : Yes, he did. His cat died, too.
Policeman : That's too bad. What about his fire alarm?
Fireman : (4) ………………………………………………………………….
Policeman : So a good battery could have saved his life?
Fireman : (5)…………………………………………………………………..
Page 15
Writing practice.
Write your answer in 140–190 words in an appropriate style.
Have you watched a film which surprised you recently?

Perhaps the film was much better than you expected. Maybe you expected it
to be great, but it wasn’t.
Write us a review explaining why the film surprised you. Tell us if you
recommend the film to other people or not.
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Page 16
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Page 17
Unit 9
Making a Living (Reading)
Academic (adj) related to studying and thinking rather than practical work
adaptable (adj) able to change
biologist (n) sb who studies living things
career (n) a job or jobs that sb does in a particular line of work which
might lead to more responsibility and better pay
confuse (v) to make you feel mixed up; to make sth difficult to
understand
conservationist sb who takes part in protecting the environment
(n)
cross over (phr v) to change to sth else
curiosity (n) wanting to know or learn about sth
degree (n) a qualification from a university when you successfully
complete your studies there
educator (n) sb who teaches people
entrepreneur (n) sb who starts a business in order to make money
exhausting (adj) very tiring
flip through to look quickly at the pages of a book, magazine, etc.
(phr v) without reading it in detail
hairdresser (n) sb whose job is to cut, wash and style people’s hair
hot spring (n) a place in the ground from which hot water comes up
intrigue (n) the act of making secret plans to trick others
lab (n) a room where experiments are done
leadership (n) the qualities or skills to be a leader
mentor (n) sb with a lot of experience who helps someone with less
experience
microbiologist (n) sb whose job is to study tiny living things, like bacteria
microscopic (adj) tiny
rewarding (adj) making you feel satisfied because you are doing sth useful
or important
science-fiction based on imaginary scientific inventions of the future,
(adj) including travel to other planets
space shuttle (n) a vehicle designed to travel into space and return to Earth
more than once
stressful (adj) making you feel worried and nervous
tank (n) a container for water or other liquid
thinker (n) sb who thinks seriously to come up with theories about a
specific philosophical or scientific topic
well-paid (adj) paying a lot of money (for doing a job)
wreck (n) a ship that has sunk
Page 18
Read the article below. Think about what information would go in the gap. Then write T (True) or F
(False).
Cool job benefits
Attracting the best professionals and keeping them happy is key to any business. A good salary
is important, but money only goes so far, and many companies offer other benefits, called
‘perks’. (i)_______ Some companies, however, are more creative when it comes to the
benefits they offer to their staff.
A cheap solution for companies is to offer their own product or service as an extra benefit for
employees. A major ice cream company, for instance, gives each of their workers 1.5 litres of
ice cream a day. (ii)_______ In another example, a big hotel chain offers its staff a huge
discount when they stay in one of the company’s hotels and even gives away free trips.
Another unusual but, where it is offered, very popular perk is to let employees decide when
they want to work. (iii)_______ One large streaming service, for example, has practically
eliminated fixed working hours: they only measure what people get done. So employees can
choose their days off and holidays.
Many companies are also worried about their workers’ health and offer benefits in that area.
A major design business, for instance, has a wellbeing centre in their building. (iv)_______
The company also provides, completely for free, healthy ingredients for their staff to take
home for dinner.
These companies have found that being happy at work can be just as important for many
employees as a generous salary. Such organisations are therefore willing to put the staff first,
letting them choose their working time or encouraging them to be healthier.
1. _________ Gap (i) is likely to mention common benefits companies give.

2. _________ Gap (ii) could be an extra comment about the ice cream company
example.
3. _________ Gap (iii) is likely to be an example of a company that lets employees
choose their working hours.
4. _________ Gap (iv) could explain how the wellbeing centre works.
Give one word.

1. _______________ sb who teaches people
2. _______________ sb who starts a business in order to make money
3. _______________ a container for water or other liquid
4. _______________ related to studying and thinking rather than practical work
5. _______________ paying a lot of money (for doing a job)
Page 19
Unit 9
Making a Living (Vocabulary)
air-traffic controller sb who gives instructions to aircraft pilots to help
(n) them land or take off
badly-paid (adj) not given much money or a fair amount for doing a
job ● Peter left his badly-paid job and got a new one.
bank balance (n) the amount you have in your bank account
be made redundant to lose your job because your employer no longer
(phr) needs you
beekeeper (n) sb who has bees, looks after them and usually
collects the honey they produce
business plan (n) a plan showing the aims of a business and how these
can be achieved
customer (n) sb who buys sth from a shop or business
earn (v) to get sth (usually money) for sth that you have done
or made
full-time (adj) for all the usual working or studying hours of a week
invest (v) to buy sth that you hope will give you a profit
manual (adj) using your hands or your physical strength rather
than your mind
part-time (adj) for only part of the day or week in which people
work
permanent (adj) lasting forever
position (n) a job
production line (n) a line of machines or workers in a factory on which
each deals with a different stage of producing sth
until it is completed
profit (n) money you get from selling sth for more than it cost
you
salary (n) money that you receive from your employer every
month
self-employed (adj) working for yourself, not for a company or
organisation
shift (n) If workers work shifts, they work for a period of time
during the day or night and are then replaced by
other workers.
skilled (adj) having the training and experience necessary to do
sth well
temporary (adj) lasting a short time
turn sth into sth to change sth so that it becomes sth different
(phr v)
Page 20
(ClassWork)
1. He turned his spare room _________ an office.
a.in b. on c.to d. into
2. I enjoy painting rather than studying _________ subjects like history.
a. academic b. exhausting c. stressful d. rewarding
3. Julia makes a _________ as a teacher.
a. leadership b. living c. career d. skill
4. He has a _________ job at the post office and I don’t think he will ever leave.
a. temporary b. badly-paid c. permanent d. manual
5. Ronald is a _________photographer who makes a living from photographing special
events.
a. self-employed b. part-time c. well-paid d. badly-paid
6. A _________job is essential for somebody who needs to support a family.
a. badly –paid b. temporary c. part-time d. well –paid
7. I’m sure she’ll get used to her new job quickly as she’s very _________.
a. rewarding b. adorable c. adaptable d. profitable
8. In the past, jeans were worn by workers, but then they crossed _________ into
everyday fashion.
a.in b. over c. off d. out
9. His _________ is paid into his bank account once a month.
a. salary b. fees c. profit d. position
10.Photography is fun, but it’s a hard way to _________a living.
a.pay b. earn c. invest d. get
11.He’s looking for a partner to _________ in his business and provide him with the
money he needs to start it up.
a. invest b. promote c. reject d. take on
12.The shop _________ him a job offer, but he didn’t accept it as the salary was too
low.
a.got b. received c. made d. turned
13.This app allows me to check my bank _________ via my smartphone so I don't spend
too much.
a. position b. account c. balance d. salary
14.She’s a nurse and is doing the night _________this week.
a. career b. shift c. job d. position
15.Vanessa found a _________job, working nine to five, at a travel agency.
a. full – time b. part- time c. retail d. temporary
Rewrite with words in brackets.
Page 21
1. He was always late for work, so he was fired.
[Rewrite with a collocation]
________________________________________________________________
2. The company hasn’t employed any new employees this year.
________________________________________________________________
3. The supermarket closed and now we are all unemployed.
________________________________________________________________
4. Mary________________ (rejection) the offer because she was happy with the job
she had.
5. Stop using your credit card because you already owe money to the bank.
________________________________________________________________
6. 15-Sharon get angry and shouted angrily at Jack when he broke her new phone.
________________________________________________________________
7. The cells in our body are tiny so you can’t see them just using your eyes.
________________________________________________________________
8. invest – leadership – curiosity – self employment
[Circle the odd word out]
________________________________________________________________
9. I called the helpline to fix my internet connection, but their advice
just_____________ (confuse) me even more.
10.The company produces laptops make a profitable of about £700 on each one.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
Page 22
(HomeWork)
1. Rebecca has been _________from assistant editor to chief editor.
a. fired b. taken on c. promoted d. got the sack
2. The hotel _________ were very friendly.
a. candidates b. staff c. leaders d. customers
3. Farming is hard, _________ work which needs a lot of energy.
a. rewarding b. stressful c. manual d. microscopic
4. A good manager needs to have great _________ skills.
a. leadership b. degree c. investment d. management
5. The furniture was made by _________ craftsmen and is very good.
a. skilled b. profitable c. temporary d. academic
6. You've been working _________ the computer for nearly six hours straight.
a.as b.at c. with d. for
7. We were very much impressed _________ her beauty and intelligence.
a.in b. from c. by d. of
8. Th restaurant provided the camping _________ the food and beverages.
a.by b. with c. of d. for
9. Congratulations _________ your new job.
a.in b. of c. for d. on
10.He works in the _________industry as a shop manager.
a. retail b. management c. career d. sales assistant
11.I have a problem with my car, so I will be late _________ work.
a. of b. on c. for d. to
12.The Sherlock Holmes stories are full of _________and twists in the plots.
a. curiosity b. intrigue c. confusion d. leadership
13.She’s still at college, so she only has a _________job in a shop.
a. full – time b. part- time c. manual d. temporary
14.If you have a university _________, you should be able to find a good job.
a. degree b. curiosity c. education d. leadership
15.At most stages of car _________ lines, humans have been replaced by robots.
a. education b. production c. business d. adaptation
Page 23
candidates – sales assistant – educator – entrepreneur – thinker – hairdresser –
biologist – microbiologist – air-traffic controller – beekeeper – customer – mentor
1. _______________ have to wear protective clothing so they don’t get stung while
working.
2. The shop’s online _______________ complained about waiting so long for their
deliveries.
3. Our plane made an emergency landing at another airport when the _______________
warned the pilot of dangerous weather conditions.
4. Helen’s swimming coach was her _______________, who encouraged her to succeed.
5. Tom received the results of his blood tests from the _______________.
6. He is interested in sea creatures and wants to be a marine _______________ when he
grows up.
7. My hair is a mess! I’m going to the _______________ to have it cut.
8. Stephen Hawking, well-known for his theories about space, was one of the greatest
_______________of our times.
9. Mark Zuckerberg is the successful _______________ who started Facebook.
10.Basically, parents are a child’s first _______________ who teach them their first life
skills.
11.She asked the_______________ to show her the range of make-up available.
12.There are three_______________ for this job, and they all have years of experience.
1. He stood in the bookshop, looking quickly at the pages of the books as he tried to
decide which one to buy.
________________________________________________________________
2. The shipwreck of the Victory was discovered in 2008.
________________________________________________________________
3. This bad weather is for a short time, so we will soon be able to go out again.
[Rewrite with an adjective]
________________________________________________________________
4. She lost her job when the factory closed.
[Rewrite with a collocation]
________________________________________________________________
5. It is very________________ (reward) for teachers when their students pass their
exams.
6. Her new job is very stressed.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
7. ________________ (Conservation) are worried about the long-term effects of
putting up wind turbines all over the mountains.
8. The job of chef at the local restaurant is being advertised in this magazine.
________________________________________________________________
Page 24
Unit 9
Making a Living (Use your English)
be impressed by feeling or showing admiration or respect for someone
sb/sth or something
be in debt (expr.) owe sb money
be made redundant to lose your job because your employer no longer
needs you
congratulations on We say this to sb to say we are happy about a happy
event or when they did sth well (congratulate :v)
get promoted give sb a more responsible job in a company
(promotion :n)
get retail worked in shop business(selling goods to the public)
experience
get the sack to tell sb that they can no longer work for you(= get
fired)
late for work go to work after the expected or normal time
lose your temper get angry
make an offer to ask sb if they would like to do or have sth
out of work (expr.) unemployed
provide sb with give or supply one with something for their use or
benefit
reject a job offer not to take the job
take on staff employ staff
work in help run the company or organisation
management
Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs.

earn – get – lose – make – receive – work
1. How long does it take to ____________ promoted at this company?
2. Colleagues find it very stressful when you ____________ your temper at work.
3. I have not ____________ any job offers since I started my search.
4. Yesterday, we ____________ a candidate an offer for the manager’s position.
5. You need to ____________ the respect of the people you work with.
6. I’ve been ____________ different shifts every week since I started. It’s a bit
annoying.
7. If I ____________ my job, I have got some money in the bank that I can live on.
8. Have you ____________ any training since you started work here?
Page 25
Unit 9
Making a Living (Grammar)
Reported Speech:
When we report direct speech, the tenses used by the speaker usually change as follows:
Present Simple Past Simple can could
‘He likes hip-hop,’ she said. She said (that) he liked hip ‘Jane can play the piano,’ she She said (that) Jane could play
hop. said. the piano.
Present Continuous Past Continuous may might
‘He is listening to his new CD,’ She said (that) he was ‘He may come to the concert,’ She said (that) he might come
she said. listening to his new CD. she said. to the concert.
Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple must had to
‘They have bought a new CD,’ She said (that) they had ‘He must collect the tickets She said (that) he had to
she said. bought a new CD. later,’ she said. collect the tickets later.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous will would
‘They have been recording all She said (that) they had ‘They will never like opera,’ she She said (that) they would
day,’ she said. been recording all day. said. never like opera.
Past Simple Past Perfect Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
‘He watched a film on TV,’ she She said (that) he had ‘He was reading about Imiz,’ She said (that) he had been
said. watched a film on TV. she said. reading about Imiz.
When we report direct speech, there are often changes in words that show time and place too.
now then tomorrow the next day/the following
day
‘I’m playing the guitar now,’ She said she was playing the ‘I’ll buy the tickets tomorrow,’ She said she would buy the
she said. guitar then. she said. tickets the next day/the
following day.
today that day next week/month the following week/month
‘We’re going to the theatre He said they were going to the ‘We’re going to the show next She said they were going to
today,’ he said. theatre that day. week,’ she said. the show the following week.
tonight that night this/these that/those
‘They can go to the cinema She said they could go to the ‘This is my music magazine,’ She said that was her music
tonight,’ she said. cinema that night. she said. magazine.
yesterday the previous day ago before
‘I saw them in concert She said she had seen them in ‘I bought that CD two weeks She said she had bought that
yesterday,’ she said. concert the previous day. ago,’ she said. CD two weeks before.
last week/month the previous week/month at the moment at that moment
‘He released the CD last She said he had released the ‘He’s singing in a band at the She said he was singing in a
month,’ she said. CD the previous month. moment,’ she said. band at that moment.
Reported questions
In reported questions, a direct question has a
question word, we use this word in the
reported question.
‘When did you start making records?’ he
asked.
He asked when I had started making records.
When a direct question does not have a
question word, we use if or whether in the
reported question.
‘Do you like classical music?’ he asked.
He asked if/whether I liked classical music.
Page 26
(ClassWork)
1. The Doctor advised me ___ following a diet.
a) starting b) to start
c) that I start d) I would start
2. The manager asked me ___ work immediately.
a) can I start b) could I start
c) to start d) if I will start
3. Bob’s boss told him ___ late for work again.
a) to not be b) not to be
c) to be not d) don’t be
4. The news report said that there would be a public transport strike ___.
a) one day before b) next day
c) one day ago d) the following day
5. I asked the secretary where ___ the next day.
a) was the meeting going to be b) is the meeting
c) the meeting was going to be d) the meeting be
6. Helen refused ___ anyone discuss the economic crisis at her party.
a) letting b) to let
c) of letting d) she let
7. Ann asked Paul when ___ those files.
a) would he be using b) would he use
c) he would be using d) he be using
8. Brian apologised ___ so rude on the phone.
a) to be b) being c) that he is d) for being
9. Linda asked Dan if ___ all night.
a) had he been working b) will he be working
c) he had been working d) he will have worked
10.The manager told Sally that she ___ her work properly.
a) will do b) had to do
c) had done d) was doing
11.My dad advised me ___ stay up late.
a) to b) not to
c) never d) don’t
12.She asked Ahmed if ___ to England with her.
a) he could travel b) he can travel
c) can he travel d) could he travel
Page 27
Re-write the following sentences in the reported speech.
1. Lara: “Can I go play with my friends now?”
________________________________________________________________
2. Jack: “I went to the club a week ago.”
________________________________________________________________
3. Mother: “Clean your room, Tina.”
________________________________________________________________
4. Tom “Do you have an extra pencil, Mike?”
________________________________________________________________
5. Sammy: “We have been playing with this game all day.”
________________________________________________________________
6. Mia: “Did you see the new Brad Pit Movie, Lara?”
________________________________________________________________
7. Mom: “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday, Mona?”
________________________________________________________________
8. Teacher: “Open your copybooks and write what I say.”
________________________________________________________________
9. Jack: “Can you slow down please, Dad?”
________________________________________________________________
10.Ted: “Sammy has been playing alone all the week.”
________________________________________________________________
11." Stop the car, " my dad ordered me.
________________________________________________________________
12."I have travelled to London five times before,” Mum said.
________________________________________________________________
13."The employees are expecting their salaries this month, " he said.
________________________________________________________________
14."When are you going to visit me," Ahmed said to Ali.
________________________________________________________________
15."Don’t play with matches, " Mum said.
________________________________________________________________
16." I have already done my H.W, " Ahmed said to his teacher.
________________________________________________________________
17." Do you like basketball?" He said to me.
________________________________________________________________
18." What is your favourite colour?" Mona Asked Aliaa.
________________________________________________________________
19." I'm travelling tomorrow," She said.
________________________________________________________________
20." Here is my car," My teacher said to Ali.
________________________________________________________________
Page 28
Make reported sentences using the reported verbs from the box.
Suggest – warn – explain – admit – deny – advise – promise – complain – ask – threaten
1. “You’ll sprain your ankle, Celia, if you run in those shoes,” said her mother.
________________________________________________________________
2. “Stand still or I'll tie you up!” shouted the kidnapper at the man.
________________________________________________________________
3. “You're late again, Fay!” said John.
________________________________________________________________
4. “I won't tell you another lie, Mum,” said Ben.
________________________________________________________________
5. “I didn’t steal your wallet, Betty,” he said.
________________________________________________________________
6. “Take the pills for three days and visit me again next week, Mr Farrow,” said the
doctor.
________________________________________________________________
7. “Let's go on a boat trip,” my brother told me.
________________________________________________________________
8. "Yes, I did ruin the printer,” my colleague said.
________________________________________________________________
9. "Why didn’t you do your homework yesterday, Mary?” the teacher wanted to know.
________________________________________________________________
10. “I need the money because I must fly to London tonight,” she said.
________________________________________________________________
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1. "He stole my money!" shouted the old lady,
accused
The old lady_________________________ money.
2. "I think you should stop eating so many sweets," Mary’s sister said to her.
advised
Mary’s sister___________________________________ so many sweets.
3. "Don't cancel your trip because of us," we said to John,
off
We told John_________________________ his trip because of us.
4. "I'm sorry I didn't tell you the truth,” Peter said to us.
apologised
Peter______________________________ the truth.
5. Is the gallery open in the afternoon?
know
Do you__________________________ open in the afternoon?
6. "Why don't you try on a pair of jeans?" Peter asked Mary,
suggested
Peter__________________________________ a pair of jeans.
7. "You really must let me cook dinner," said Anne,
insisted
Anne__________________________ dinner.
8. "What does he want to tell me?" Julie asked herself,
wondered
Julie_________________________ to tell her.
Page 29
(HomeWork)
1. They said that they ___ to school the following day
a) were going b) are doing c) gone d) went
2. She ___ Mona that she would be here the following week.
a) said b) told c) said to d) told to
3. John said that he ___as a nurse the previous year.
a) worked b) had worked c) works d) is working
4. He asked Sarah what ___ all day the previous day.
a) she was doing b) was she doing
c) is she doing d) she had been doing
5. Ram said, “I always speak the truth.’’
a) Ram said I always speak the truth.
b) Ram said that he always speaks the truth.
c) Ram said that he always spoke the truth.
d)Ram said that he always had spoken the truth.
6. Mr. Das advised Mohan ___a good boy.
a) to be b) be c) being d) to being
7. He said, “Hurrah! My brother has won the match.”
a) He exclaimed with sorrow that his brother had won the match.
b) He exclaimed with joy that my brother had won the match.
c) He exclaimed with grief that his brother had won the match.
d) He exclaimed with joy that his brother had won the match.
8. He said, “I don’t need this pen.”
a) He said that he doesn’t need that pen.
b) He said that he didn’t need this pen.
c) He said that he didn’t need that pen.
d) He said that I didn’t need that pen.
9. The teacher asked him why he had been late ___.
a) yesterday b) today c) the previous day d) now
10.Soha said to me, “We have won the match.”
a) Soha told me we have won the match.
b) Soha told me if they have won the match.
c) Soha told me that they had won the match.
d) Soha said to me that they had won the match.
11.Ram said that he ___ rich.
a) was b) is c) has been d) is being
Page 30
1. He said that he had ordered pizza for dinner.
[Rewrite in direct speech]
________________________________________________________________
2. Don’t touch it, you’ll make it worse,” he told me.
[Rewrite with: He ordered me]
________________________________________________________________
3. Take the children to the zoo.” Dad told Mum.
[Rewrite with: Dad asked mum]
________________________________________________________________
4. She told her friend that was the best holiday she had ever had.
________________________________________________________________
5. Carol said it was his birthday today.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
6. “I’ll phone you at 6:00,” Anna said to Sarah.
[Rewrite with Anna promised Sarah]
________________________________________________________________
7. “I forgot to do my homework,” said Alan.
[Rewrite with Alan regretted]
________________________________________________________________
8. He said he would see him tomorrow.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
9. “Find a better place to play,” Mr Glum to the children.
[Rewrite with ordered]
________________________________________________________________
10.Mum: “Let your sister read that book, Timmy.”
[Rewrite in reported speech]
________________________________________________________________
11.She asked me where he was.
________________________________________________________________
12.She asked me if I was working that night.
________________________________________________________________
Page 31
Make reported sentences using the reported verbs from the box.
encouraged – told – refused – warned – explained –
apologised – reminded – suggested – recommended –
advised – insisted
1. “Please wait for me in the reception, Mary”
Mum ____________________________________________
2. “I’m really sorry if I don’t get back to you sooner.”
He______________________________________________
3. “Let’s take a break.”
She _____________________________________________
4. “Students, you need to study more for the exam.”
The teacher _______________________________________
5. “I’m not going to accept your offer.”
She _____________________________________________
6. “Don’t forget your books, Liam.”
Tom_____________________________________________
7. “You all have to visit the museum for the project.”
They_____________________________________________
8. “This is how you can buy a train ticket on the internet.”
He ______________________________________________
9. “It’s not a good idea to write your password down.”
She ____________________________________________
10.“Don’t go out tonight, it is raining.”
Mum____________________________________________
Page 32
Communication skills
Read the article about an amazing job.
Best job ever?
It’s not often that you see ‘shipwreck hunter’ on someone’s business card, but that is exactly
National Geographic explorer David Mearns’s career. For him, discovering lost history and
recovering objects that are centuries old is just another day at the office – or ocean, rather.
Mearns has found about 25 major shipwrecks in his career. The number is closer to 70 if you include
all the smaller ones he has seen along the way. Over the years, he has broken five Guinness World
Records, including the deepest live video on the internet and the deepest shipwreck ever found, at
nearly 5,800 metres. Mearns’s latest job is not nearly that deep, but it is huge in terms of historical
importance. He is currently exploring the Esmeralda, one of the ships of the famous Portuguese
explorer Vasco da Gama and the oldest one ever found from the European Age of Exploration.
So how did Mearns end up with this job? How does one even become a shipwreck hunter? ‘I don’t
think it’s something that enters your head when you’re in school,’ Mearns answers. With degrees
in marine biology and marine geology, he started working with the US Navy Supervisor of Salvage,
searching for and recovering planes lost at sea, and that’s how he started working on shipwrecks.
What most people don’t realise is that shipwreck hunting actually begins on land, so you need more
than just good diving skills. ‘You start with research and archives, you’re working like a detective.
What piece of paper gives me the ‘X’ on a map?’ Mearns questions. ‘I always liked research. I was
very curious.’
Mearns works hard at his job because of his passion for bringing history to life. ‘A history book can
only go so far, but if you can actually have an object as near as possible to that moment of those
early ages ... that’s the stuff people remember,’ he says. His job doesn’t end when he finds the
artefacts though. After he brings the historical objects up, Mearns works with archaeologists and
other experts to collect and take care of them.
Archaeology is not about the individual artefacts that are found. It’s about telling the story of how
life was at that particular point in time. What was life on board ship like? Who did they do business
with, and who did they meet? ‘This is where the fun bit starts, you start bringing in real experts who
can look at these finds and start putting this whole story together,’ Mearns says. ‘To come to work
and travel around the world, work with so many interesting people, and then to see what I do have
a meaning to lots of other people – and not just people, different countries – to have done
something so important and long lasting is a great, great satisfaction,’ Mearns says. ‘You’re just
dying to get to work because you know there’s going to be a new discovery almost every day. It’s
just fun!’
Page 33
For questions 1–6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
1 In the first paragraph, what does the writer mean by ‘just another day at the office’ for David Mearns?
A David finds office work boring.
B Most of David’s work takes place in an office.
C David’s work is unusual for others, but normal for him.
D Finding historical artefacts requires a lot of paperwork.
2 In paragraph two, the author suggests that David Mearns is working on a project that will
A get a lot of attention from historians.
B break the records he previously set.
C help him get more interesting work in the future.
D be less challenging than some of his previous ones.
3 David Mearns says that
A many people would like to become a shipwreck hunter.
B you need particular qualifications to become a shipwreck hunter.
C the Navy can train you to become a shipwreck hunter.
D it is no child’s ambition to become a shipwreck hunter.
4 In paragraph 4, David Mearns suggests that
A his personality helps him do his job.
B a background in police work is important.
C he often finds clues written on maps.
D his diving skills are not very important.
5 Mearns says that the artefacts he brings up from the ocean
A often fascinate younger children.
B are mostly interesting for archaeologists.
C make a bigger impression than history books.
D must be photographed for history books immediately.
6 According to Mearns, archaeologists should try to
A avoid making up stories about artefacts they find.
B show people how people lived at a certain point in history.
C use artefacts in a more interesting way than they currently do.
D collect all the artefacts from the bottom of the ocean as quickly as possible.
Dialogue
Rita : How was the interview?
Nora : I think (1) _____________________________________.
Rita : Great! (2) _____________________________________?
Nora : He asked me why I chose teaching as a job.
Rita : (3) _____________________________________?
Nora : I told him because I love teaching.
Rita : Did he ask you why you had applied?
Nora : Yes. I was getting to that. I told him (4) _____________________________________.
Rita : That’s quite a good answer.
Nora : Yes. Then he told me they would contact me within two days.
Rita : (5) _____________________________________.
Page 34
Writing practice.
Write your answer in 140–190 words in an appropriate style.
You recently spent a few weeks working at a summer school for
children. The job was fun but very tiring as you had to work long
hours. You left the job earlier than you had planned. The organiser of
the summer school has asked you to write a report outlining what the
problems were and has asked you to suggest some ways to improve
staff satisfaction.
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Page 36
Unit 11
Crime Time (Reading)
absence (n) the fact of not being present
accidental (adj) that happens without you expecting it
acre (n) measurement of land
biodiverse (adj) containing a lot of different species of animals,
plants and insects
carnivorous (adj) meat-eating
cell (n) a small room in a prison where prisoners are
kept
delicate (adj) rather weak and easily damaged or hurt
developer (n) someone who buys land or buildings in order to
put new buildings there and make money from
them
diverse (adj) of many very different kinds
fellow (adj) used to talk about sb who is similar to you in
some way or in the same situation as you
flora and fauna (n) plants and animals
flourish (v) to grow well and be healthy
graffiti (n) painting or writing on a wall, usually done
illegally
guard (n) sb whose job it is to protect a place
humanity (n) people
illegal (adj) not allowed by the law
inmate (n) a prisoner in a prison
isolated (adj) far from other places
mainland (n) the main area of a country, not one of its islands
makeshift (adj) made using whatever is available
paradise (n) a beautiful place that seems perfect
pavement (n) a path at the side of a road for people to walk on
penal colony (n) an area which is a type of prison, far away from
other people
prisoner (n) sb who has been sent to prison or is being held
by the police for a crime
shelter (n) a safe place
time capsule a container with objects from a particular time
so that people in the future will know what life
was like then
undocumented (adj) not written about or recorded
uninhabited (adj) where nobody lives
untouched (adj) not damaged; not changed from its natural form
Page 37
Read and write T (True) or F (False).
Famous historical crimes
The Great Train Robbery

On 8th August 1963, thieves robbed a Royal Mail train in England, stealing £2.5 million.
The incident caught the attention of the press and the public, who followed the story of the
robbers for many years. One of them, Ronald Biggs, was arrested but escaped from prison
and spent 27 years in Brazil.
Stealing the Mona Lisa
Possibly the most famous painting of all time was stolen from the Louvre museum on 20th
August 1911. The robbery shook France: borders were closed and many resources were used
to find the masterpiece. It was only in December 1913 that a man named Vincenzo Perugia
was arrested in Florence, Italy, trying to sell the painting. The following month, it was
returned to the French museum, where it can still be seen today.
The theft of The Scream
Another very famous painting that was stolen is The Scream, by artist Edvard Munch. On
22nd August 2004, several men with weapons walked into the Munch museum in Norway
and took the masterpiece, along with another very valuable painting, Madonna. Madonna
was torn and had to be restored, but The Scream, which was even more damaged, would
never be the same again.
The Brinks job
In what is considered by many to be the ‘crime of the century’, a gang of eleven men robbed
the Boston headquarters of the private security company Brinks on 17th January 1950. They
stole $1.2 million in cash and $1.5 million in cheques and other financial documents. The
criminals were eventually brought to justice. They all received life sentences, except one,
Joseph O'Keefe, who helped the FBI. The money, however, is still missing to this day. Some
believe it might be buried somewhere, but it is generally accepted that the thieves spent most
of it in the six years between the robbery and their arrest.
1. ____ The public was interested in the criminals who committed the Great Train
Robbery for a long time.
2. ____ The Mona Lisa robbery had a strong impact on France.
3. ____ The Mona Lisa went back to the Louvre the same year it was stolen.
4. ____ The Scream was restored to its original condition after it was recovered.
5. ____ The money taken in the Brinks job has never been found.
Give one word.

1. __________ not allowed by the law
2. __________ a small room in a prison where prisoners are kept
3. __________ far from other places
4. __________ sb whose job it is to protect a place
5. __________ a safe place
Page 38
Unit 11
Crime Time (Vocabulary)
robbery stealing sth from a bank or shop
burglar (n) sb who goes into houses, shops, etc. and steals
things
break in (phr v) to go into a place by force and steal things
thief (n) sb who steals
shoplifting (n) stealing from shops
property (n) a building or other objects owned by sb
guilty (adj) having done sth illegal
innocent (adj) not having done anything wrong or illegal
violent (adj) acting in a way that can hurt sb/sth
arrest (v) to take sb to a police station because they seem
to have done sth illegal
commit (v) to do (a crime)
punish (v) to make sb suffer for sth wrong they have done
court (n) a place where legal matters are decided by a
judge and jury
sentence (n) a period of time in prison as punishment
be in trouble (phr) to be facing punishment
burglary (n) breaking into a building and stealing from it
vandalism (n) the crime of deliberately damaging public
property
sentence (to) (v) to punish sb and send them to prison
solve a case (phr) find the correct explanation for sth that is being
investigated
detective (n) sb, especially a police officer, who investigates
crimes
vandal (n) sb who damages public property intentionally
community work that sb does to help other people as
service (n) punishment for a crime
witness (n) sb who sees a crime
weapon (n) an object like a knife or gun used to hurt or kill
victim (n) sb who is hurt or killed
jury (n) a group of people in a court who decide if sb is
guilty
Page 39
(ClassWork)
1. Several ________ were planning to trick the guards and escape.
a. inmate b. developer c. burglar d. detective
2. The murderer was ________ to life imprisonment.
a. vandalized b. sentenced c. fined d. arrested
3. The ________ in the prison is locked so the prisoners cannot escape.
a. shelter b. mainland c. cell d. pavement
4. In ________, the judge asked the witness to give evidence.
a. court b. humanity c. time capsule d. penal colony
5. He was caught texting on his mobile phone while driving and he had to pay a
________.
a. theft b. fine c. tax d. salary
6. London has a ________ population from many different cultures.
a. diverse b. fellow c. untouched d. accidental
7. The ________watched the prisoners carefully in the yard.
a. inmate b. jury c. guard d. witness
8. In a _______ boat made from tree branches, he was able to sail out to sea.
a. biodiverse b. untouched c. undocumented d. makeshift
9. Australia was once used as a _______ colony where the British sent their worst
criminals.
a. punishment b. penal c. guilty d. uninhabited
10.The area has been_______ for years since the fire.
a. uninhabited b. isolated
c. untouched d. undocumented
11.I was surprised when the wealthy man was caught _______in the supermarket.
a. pickpocketing b. vandalizing c. shoplifting d. fighting
crime
12.The _______got into the flat through the balcony and took all the valuables.
a. witness b. burglar c. detective d. pickpocket
13._______ a case takes patience and hard work.
a. Witnessing b. Solving c. Guarding d. Committing
14.When the policemen realised they’d arrested an/a _______ man, they removed the
handcuffs.
a. guilty b. witness c. vandal d. innocent
15.He owns four_______ of land and plans to build a home there.
a. acres b. capsule c. service d. colony
Page 40
robbery – shoplifting – vandalism – pickpocket – graffiti - community service – sentence
– thief – witness - victim
1. The ____________ of the train accident were taken to hospital.
2. The ____________ recognised him as the man who had robbed the bank.
3. The actor was told to do three months’ ____________when he was found guilty of
drinking and driving.
4. The ____________ she received for theft was four years in prison.
5. All the electronic equipment in the house was stolen during the ____________.
6. Jason was not amused to see ____________ painted on the wall of his new home.
7. When he couldn’t find his money, he realised he had been ____________.
8. The ____________grabbed the gold necklaces and ran out of the jewellery shop.
9. The ____________ was carried out by two masked men.
10.There are security cameras in many shops to stop people from ____________.

1. The area was declared as a national park to protect the local plants and animals.
________________________________________________________________
2. illegal – diverse – untouched – inmate
[Underline the odd word out]
________________________________________________________________
3. The hotel was a bit too ________________ (isolation) for us as the nearest town was
five miles away.
4. The area is so far from any towns, so it has remained wild and not damaged by
human activity.
________________________________________________________________
5. The judge decided that her death was________________ (accident).
6. Plants such as cacti will grow well and be healthy in a dry climate.
________________________________________________________________
7. There are frequent ferries from the main area of a country to several Aegean islands.
________________________________________________________________
8. We should try not to upset the weak and easily damaged balance of nature.
[Rewrite with an adjective]
________________________________________________________________
Page 41
9. The period of time in prison as punishment she received for theft was four years in
prison.
________________________________________________________________
10.A group of people in a court who decide if somebody is guilty is called:
_______________.
Match the words with their definitions.

1-burglar a.having done sth illegal ____
2-guilty b. acting in a way that can hurt sb/sth ____
3-violent c. not having done anything wrong or illegal ____
4-innocent d. sb who goes into houses, shops, etc. and steals
things ____
5-vandal e. sb who has been sent to prison or is being held by
the police for a crime ____
6-prisoner sb who steals ____
7-victim a group of people in a court who decide if sb is guilty ____
8-witness sb who is hurt or killed ____
9-jury sb who sees a crime ____
10-thief sb who damages public property intentionally ____
Page 42
(HomeWork)

1. The Johnson brothers were found _______of the theft of a police car.
a. involved b. guilty c. free d. responsible
2. After a long search, the young detective found the _______ in the closet.
a. weapon b. witness c. victim d. fine
3. The man had a criminal _______, so he didn’t get the teaching job.
a. document b. service c. record d. investigation
4. ‘Stop! You’re _______ arrest!’ the police officer told the man.
a. under b. on c. off d. against
5. if you break the _______, there are severe consequences.
a. record b. fine c. case d. law
6. The boy was let _______with a warning.
a. of b. under c. against d. off
7. It is _______the law for people under 18 to drive.
a. against b. off c. under d. in
8. The company is under _______ for selling goods illegally.
a. law b. weapon c. sentence d. investigation
9. The _______ escaped by digging a tunnel through the prison floor.
a. prisoner b. guard c. thief d. detective
10.Jason was not amused to see _______ painted on the wall of his new home.
a. pavement b. cell c. graffiti d. vandalism
11.He fell and hit his head on the _______.
a. cell b. acre c. prison d. mainland
12.Someone broke_______ and stole three computers from the school.
a. on b. in c. up d. down
13.The boys were in _______ with the teacher for cheating.
a. mistake b. violence c. case d. trouble
14.The criminal was _______ and sent to prison for two years.
a. committed b. sentenced c. arrested d. troubled
15.To trap the robbers, two _______ pretended to be members of the bank staff.
a. witness b. detectives c. vandal d. robber
16.There are security cameras in many shops to stop people from _______.
a. diversity b. thief c. shoplifting d. vandalism

1. All the electronic equipment in the house was stolen during the__________(burgle).
2. guilty - innocence-punishment- absence
Page 43
3. Looking after the environment is something all of __________(human) should be
concerned with.
4. Big cats, such as tigers, are vegetarian animals.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
5. Given the ___________(absent) of trees after the forest fires, it’s not surprising that
the area gets flooded.
6. He was found innocent and sent to prison for four years.
[Correct the error]
________________________________________________________________
7. flourish – arrest – punish – vandal
8. ___________ (Illegally) activities like hunting of wild animals should be stopped.
9. undocumented –uninhabited - untouched – legal
10.We found a safe place in a cave when it started to rain.
________________________________________________________________
11.I didn’t steal the money! I’m ___________________________!
Page 44
Unit 11
Crime Time (Use your English)
1- break in to go into a place by force and steal things
2- let off not to punish sb
1- against illegal
the law
2- under being kept at or taken to a police station because the
arrest police believe you have done sth illegal
3- criminal a list of crimes that sb has committed in the past
record
4- under being investigated by the police(investigate :v,
investigation investigator: n)
5- solve a find the correct explanation for sth that is being
case investigated
6-pay a fine money that you pay as punishment for breaking a
law or rule(fine :v)
7- be in to be facing punishment (because of your actions)
trouble
Complete the sentences with these words. arrest broken found release solve stolen under
1. The thief didn’t even know he was __________ investigation until the police
broke down his door.
2. They didn’t think that they could __________ the case, but finally some DNA
evidence was found.
3. On the day that they planned to __________ the prisoner, his family gathered
outside the prison.
4. The boy said that he had __________ into the building because he needed a place
to sleep.
5. When they placed the criminal under __________, he refused to speak to anyone
but his lawyer.
6. We expect that the accused murderer will be __________ guilty as there is a lot of
evidence against him.
7. The woman denied that she had __________ a diamond ring worth £30,000 from
the jeweller’s shop.
Page 45
Unit 11
Crime Time (Grammar)
The relative pronouns are:
Relative clauses tell us more about people and things:
Examples
Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.
This is the house which Jack built.
Marie Curie is the woman that discovered radium.
We use:
• Who and whom for people • That for people or things.
• Which for things • When with times
• Whose for possession • Where with place
Two kinds of relative clause

There are two kinds of relative clause:
1. We use relative clauses to make clear which person or thing we are
talking about:
Marie Curie is the woman who discovered radium.
This is the house which Jack built.
2. We also use relative clauses to give more information about a person,
thing or situation:
Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.
We had fish and chips, which I always enjoy.
I met Rebecca in town yesterday, which was a nice surprise.
With this kind of relative clause, we use commas (,) to separate it from the rest of the
sentence.
Relative Pronouns Examples
The following sentences contain examples of relative pronouns.
1. The cyclist who won the race trained hard.
2. The pants that I bought yesterday are already
stained.
3. Spaghetti, which we eat at least twice a week, is
one of my family’s favorite meals.
4. The book, when it was finally returned, was torn,
and stained.
Page 46
(ClassWork)
Complete with a relative pronoun.
1. I met a British boy _____________ can speak Portuguese very well.
2. That’s the man _____________ car was stolen.
3. I met a girl _____________ knows you.
4. They live in a country _____________ Prime Minister is a woman.
5. I work in a company _____________ sells things on the Internet.
6. That’s the film _____________ I saw on TV last Saturday.
7. She saw the boy _____________ lives next door.
8. I like people _____________ are nice.
9. She likes films _____________ make her laugh.
10. The students like books _____________ are easy to read.
11. The thief ____________ stole my bag lives on my street.
12. The man ____________ the police are looking for is about 190 cm tall.
13. The dog ____________ caught the burglar has been given an award.
14. The house ____________ the murder happened is covered in yellow tape.
15. The jacket ____________ the victim had been wearing could not be found.
Combine the sentences using relative clauses.

1. We went into the bedroom to investigate. (A window had been broken in the
room.)
________________________________________________________________
2. I saw a huge man run out of the bank. (He was carrying two heavy bags.)
________________________________________________________________
3. The Japanese police use a cat to relax victims. (The cat is called Officer Lemon.)
________________________________________________________________
4. The couple found the burglar asleep in a bed. (Their home should have been
empty.)
________________________________________________________________
5. The shoplifter was sentenced to a year in prison. (The shoplifter’s face was caught
on camera.)
________________________________________________________________
6. The police solved the crime using new evidence. (It happened fifteen years ago.)
________________________________________________________________
7. Tourists visit the famous prison and take a tour of the cells. (Al Capone was held
in the prison.)
________________________________________________________________
8. The teenagers apologised for taking the car. (They looked very embarrassed.)
________________________________________________________________
Page 47
(HomeWork)
Complete with a relative pronoun.
1. I like discos _____________ close late.
2. This is the reason _____________ I didn’t reply to your e-mail.
3. Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me _____________is the man sitting next to you?
4. Hector was the boy _____________ girlfriend flew to New York last year.
5. Have you read the book _____________ won the Booker Prize?
6. I like characters_____________are not very typical.
7. George Orwell, _____________ real name was Eric Blair, took part in the Spanish
Civil War.
8. Is that the girl _____________ you met at the party last Saturday?
9. What’s the name of the novel _____________ you are looking for?
10.Patricia Highsmith, _____________wrote the novel, was a great mystery writer.
11. The family ____________ daughter disappeared were speaking to the
journalists.
12. At the time ____________ the robbery happened, I was sleeping in bed.
Join the two sentences using a relative pronoun or adverb.

1. I met a friend. Her husband is an astronaut.
________________________________________________________________
2. There was a strike at the car factory. It lasted ten days.
________________________________________________________________
3. They asked me a lot of questions. Most of them were about general knowledge.
________________________________________________________________
4. We saw the palace. Louis XIV lived there.
________________________________________________________________
5. Tom cooked a meal. It was delicious.
________________________________________________________________
6. I found a man’s wallet. It was hidden under the chair.
________________________________________________________________
7. My sister lives in New York. She has decided to visit me.
________________________________________________________________
8. Jane moved to Colombia. Her husband is Portuguese.
________________________________________________________________
Page 48
Communication Skills
Read the text about a fundraising event.
Murder, mystery and more!
The University Arts Centre is putting on a weekend of fun activities for anyone interested in solving
mysteries. It will take place over the weekend of 10th and 11th December, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Read on for details of some of the main events.
A
There’ll be a workshop for fans of detective stories and series who would like to get into the field.
A famous crime writer, whose identity will remain a secret until the weekend, will explain how they
make their stories of mystery and suspense so exciting. Writing in teams, you’ll be asked to come
up with an original plot for a short story or TV programme. What’s more, you’ll get the chance to
meet a team from a television production company and make some contacts in the industry. Anyone
who is interested in creative writing and has a few ideas to share is welcome to attend the workshop,
which will be held from 10.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Saturday. Don’t forget to bring a pencil and paper,
or your laptop! Phone the Arts Centre to reserve your place!
B
If you want to know how police carry out investigations, come to the workshop on Sunday at 10.30
a.m. Local police inspectors will be demonstrating some of the techniques they use for catching
criminals. You can learn to take fingerprints and footprints, collect evidence from a ‘crime scene’
which you can analyse for clues, and try questioning a ‘suspect’, who is really a member of the local
police force! Can you tell if someone is lying? Hook your friends up to our lie detector, or try it out
for yourself! Learn about the reality of police work, which is often quite different from what you see
on TV! On a more serious note, you will get some sensible tips about how to prevent crime and stay
safe.
C
If you book early, you and up to twenty friends can take part in one of the murder mysteries that
will take place on Sunday. You can choose from several different murder cases which need to be
solved. You will be assigned a role, requiring a particular costume which can be hired from the
theatre department. Each character will be given some details about his or her role, which might
include an alibi. The person who plays the detective will need everybody’s help to find out who did
it! Be careful, or you might be accused of murder! Those who want to play must pay an extra £10
for costume hire. Money raised from the weekend will help pay for the redecoration of the Arts
Centre.
D
If you are hungry for more than evidence, the canteen in the Arts Centre will be open all weekend
to detectives, investigators, witnesses and everyone involved in the weekend activities. Meet here
before events, during breaks and after events. It’s the place where activities will be announced and
discussed, and who knows, maybe a few crimes will be solved! Your admission for the weekend
includes a voucher for one meal in the canteen, but after that you’ll find the prices are as low as
the local police station canteen. And the quality is better than the local prison! A great
selection of hot and cold refreshments will be on offer. (There is no law against bringing your
own food to eat in the canteen if you prefer!)
Page 49
For questions 1–10, choose from the paragraphs (A–D). The paragraphs may be chosen more
than once.
Which paragraph
1. ________ describes an activity which is not included in the admission fee?
2. ________ suggests that the activity could help participants with their careers?
3. ________ describes an activity that will test participants‘ abilities?
4. ________ says that participants will be given good advice?
5. ________ describes a way for participants to save money?
6. ________ says that participants need to come prepared for the activity?
7. ________ describes a place where participants can get information about the
events?
8. ________ explains the reason that the university is holding the event?
9. ________ describes an activity which requires participants to act?
10. ________ says that participants in the activity will work in groups?
Dialogue
Officer : Hartford Police Station. Can I help you?
Tim : I hope so. 1)…………………………………………………………………..
Officer : 2) ……………………………………………………………………..........?
Tim : 28 Southbrook Road.
Officer : When did you discover the burglary?
Tim : 3) …………………………………………………………………………………….
Officer : Was anything stolen?
Tim : Yes.4) ………………………………………………………………………………
Officer : 5) ………………………………………………………………………………...?
Tim : They forced the back door.
Officer : An officer will be round in about half an hour. Please don’t touch anything.
Page 50
Writing practice
Write an article about a robbery in a public place
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Page 52

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Yahia Close Up Second Term

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Unit 8

Media Matters (Reading)

1. _________ Paragraph B explains the title.

Tense Active Passive

The Passive Voice: Gerunds, Infinitives & Modals

Tense Active Passive

• Surveillance cameras should be installed here to prevent crimes.

Choose the correct answer.

Have you watched a film which surprised you recently?

Cool job benefits

1. _________ Gap (i) is likely to mention common benefits companies give.

Give one word.

Rewrite with words in brackets.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs.

Famous historical crimes

The Great Train Robbery

Give one word.

Rewrite with words in brackets.

Match the words with their definitions.

Choose the correct answers.

Rewrite with words in brackets.

Two kinds of relative clause

Combine the sentences using relative clauses.

Join the two sentences using a relative pronoun or adverb.

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